Basic Well Logging

Concepts and Terminology

Parts I, and II
Lecture Presentations
Carlos Torres-Verdn, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor

PGE368
Fall 2001 Semester
September 5, 7, and 10, 2001

Environmental Classification of
Well-Log Measurements
Mud Logging
Open Hole Logging
(a) Logging While Drilling
(b) Wireline Logging
Cased Hole and Production Logging
Permanent Monitoring

Why Mud?

MUD LOGGING
PRINCIPLE

Rock Cutting
Collection Unit

MUD LOGGING
APPARATUS

Fluid Sampler and

Gas Chromatography Unit

EXAMPLE OF
MUD LOG

Applications of Mud Logs

Monitoring of bit performance
Determination of lithology
Preliminary indication of the well location
relative to expected stratigraphy
Indication of hydrocarbon types
Indication of pressure conditions

Depth Accuracy ~ +/- 5m

Logging-While-Drilling Environment

Source: Oilfield Review, Schlumberger

Logging-While-Drilling Tools

Source: Oilfield Review, Schlumberger

WIRELINE LOGGING ENVIRONMENT

Wireline Logging Tools

(a) Mandrel Tools
(b) Pad Tools

Source: Oilfield Review, Schlumberger

Wireline Logging Tools

(a) Mandrel Tools
(b) Pad Tools

Source: Oilfield Review, Schlumberger

Example of Wireline
Logging
Job Description, I

MAIN HEADER

Important Information Available from the Log Header

Example of Wireline
Logging
Job Description, II

MAIN HEADER

Example of Wireline Logging Job Description, III

Example of Wireline
Logging
Job Description, IV

TOOL
DESCRIPTION

DIGITAL FORMAT
DESCRIPTION
Example of Wireline Logging Job Description, V

COMMON LOG PRESENTATION FORMATS

COMMON LOG PRESENTATION FORMATS

COMMON LOG PRESENTATION FORMATS

Split Three-Cycle Grid

COMMON LOG PRESENTATION FORMATS

Four-Track Linear-Log Grid

TRACK
Description

Example of Wireline Logging Job Description, VI

Example of Wireline Logging Job Description, VII

DATA
TRACKS

DATA TRACKS

Casing Shoe Response

Example of Wireline Logging Job Description, VIII

HEADER
Corrected Logs

Example of Wireline Logging Job Description, IX

HEADER
Corrected Logs

Example of Wireline Logging Job Description, X

Example of Wireline Logging Job Description, XI

DATA
TRACKS

Example of Wireline Logging Job Description, XII

TOOL
CALIBRATION
SUMMARY

Example of Wireline Logging Job Description, XIII

TOOL
CALIBRATION
SUMMARY

Example of Wireline Logging Job Description, XIV

TOOL
CALIBRATION
SUMMARY

Example of Wireline Logging

Job Description, XV

LOG TAIL

Example of Wireline Logging Job Description, XVI, and last!!

Important Data Acquisition

Issues
Depth Control
Logging Speed(s)
Vertical Sampling Rate
Tool Calibration
Repeat Runs (Assessment of Accuracy)
Depth Matching
Borehole Shape, Mud Properties, Temperature
(Borehole Environment)

Issues on Depth Control

Tools are commonly run from the bottom to
the top of the well
Tension of Cable, Dragging Force
Borehole Deviation Survey (Deviated Wells)
Uncertainty of Lateral Location
Depth Matching via Gamma Ray Log
Log Splicing

DEPTH CONTROL PARAMETERS

DEPTH MEASURING SYSTEM

Depth Wheels
EM Magnetic Mark Detection Device

Winch

DEPTH REFERENCES
FOR LOGGING:
(a) DERRICK FLOOR
(b) KELLY BUSHING
(c) GROUND LEVEL

ROTARY DRILLING EXAMPL

ROTARY DRILLING EXAMPLE

Logging Speeds

Sampling Rate ~ 1 / Logging Speed

Vertical Resolution ~ 1 / Sampling Rate

500 3,600 ft/hour (152 1,097 m/hour)

1,600 ft/hour (489 m/hour) = slow (imaging tools)

1,800 ft/hour (549 m/hour) = high-resolution

Schlumbergers Platform Express logging speed

3,600 ft/hour (1,097 m/hour) = normal- resolution

Schlumbergers Platform Express logging speed

2,400 ft/hour (732 m/hour) = NMR logging speed

Sampling Rates
Vertical Resolution ~ 1 / Sampling Rate
Sampling Rate ~ 1 / Logging Speed
6 inches = high resolution
1 foot = low resolution

Borehole Shape and Temperature

Caliper Log
Temperature Log

Borehole Environment
In-Situ Formation Conditions?
Mud Properties
Drilling and/or Invasion Damage?

Some Physical Limitations of

Logging Tools
(Ball Park Numbers)
Maximum Pressure: 10,000 20,000 psi
Maximum Temperature: 350 oF (175 oC)
Minimum Hole Size: 4-8 inches

Example
Of
Data
Presentation

Source: Repsol-YPF

Example
Of
Data
Presentation

Source: Repsol-YPF

COMPOSITE DISPLAY OF LOGS FROM SEVERAL WELLS

200.14 m

444.37 m

578.7 m

SP
m

DEPTH

SP (mV)
-40.0
5.0

ILD

TOP's

ILD (ohm.m)
0.0
50.0

SP

DEPTH

SP (mV)
-40.0
5.0

ILD

TOP's

ILD (ohm.m)
0.0
50.0

87.975 m

SP

DEPTH

SP:CPL (mV)
-40.0
5.0

TOP's

ILD
0.0

302.46 m

SP

DEPTH

SP (mV)
-40.0
5.0

SFLR:CPL (ohm.m)

50.0

ILD

TOP's

ILD (ohm.m)
0.0
50.0

401.61 m

SP

DEPTH

SP (mV)
-40.0
5.0

TOP's

ILD
0.0

307.37 m

SP

DEPTH

SP:CPL (mV)
-40.0
5.0

AHF90 (ohm.m)

50.0

TOP's

ILD
0.0

1004.7 m

153.84 m

SP

DEPTH

SP (mV)
-40.0
5.0

SFLR:CPL (ohm.m)

50.0

TOP's

ILD

1949.0 m

176.34 m

SP

DEPTH

AHF60 (ohm.m)

0.0

TOP's

ILD

M2R9:AWS (ohm.m)

50.0

0.0

50.0

1850
1880

1870

1860

1870

10

-1800

1800

1860

10

10

10

10

10

1800

10

10

-1800

1860
1890

1880

1870

1880

1810

1870
1810

1870
1900

1890

1880

1890

1820

1880
1820

A40T
A40T
1880

A45T

1910

1900

1890

1900

1830

1890
1830

A50T

A50T

1890

A50T

1920

1910

1900

A50T

1910

1900

1840

A50T
1840

A55T

A60T

1900
1930

A60T

1920

1910

1920

1850

A55T

1910
1850

A70T
-1850

A60T

A72T
1920

A70T

-1850

A60T

A60T
1930

1930

1910

1940

1860

1920

A70T

1860

A70T

A74T
1920
1950

1940

1930

1940

1870

1930
1870

1930
1960

1950

1940

1950

1880

1940
1880

A77T

1960

A77T

1940

1970

A78T

A78T

1960

A78T

A77T
1950

1950

1890

A78T

1890

A79T
A79T

A79T

A79T
1950
1980

1970

1960

1970

1900

1960
1900

A80T

-1900

-1900

1960
1990

1980

1970

1980

1910

1970
1910

A90T

A90T

A89T

1970
2000

1990

A95T

A90T

1990

A90T

1980

1980

A95T

A90T
A91T

1920
1920

A91T
1980
2010

2000

1990

2000

1930

B10T

1990
1930

B20T

B20T

B20T
1990

B20T

2020

2010

2000

2010

1940

2000
1940

B20B
B25T

B30T

B30T

2000
2030

2020

2010

2020

1950

2010
1950

B35T
-1950

-1950

2010
2040

2030

2020

2030

1960

2020
1960

B40T

B44T

B35T

2020

2050

2040

2030

2040

1970

2030
1970

B46T

B47T
B40T

2030
2060

2050

2040

2050

2040

2040

B55T

2070
2060

B58T
2080

B55T
8

2060

8
B55T

1980

B45T

2050

1980

B55T
1990

2050
1990

2050

B60T

2070

B59T

2070

2060

2000

2060
2000

B60T

B61T

-2000

-2000

B62T

2060
2090

B62T

2080

2070

2080

2010

2070
2010

2070
2100

2090

2080

B65T

2090

2080

2020

B65T
2020

B65T

B65T
2080

2110
2100

7
B68T

2100

B68T

2090

2090

7
2030

B68T

2030

2040

B71T

B68T

B68T

2090
2120

2110

B72T

2100

2110

2100
2040

2100

B73T

2130

2120

2110

B74T

2120

2050

2110
2050

B75T

-2050

B75T

B75T

B75T

-2050

B75T

2110
2140

B77T

B77T
2130

2130

2120

2060

2120

B77T

2060

B77T
B80T

B80T
B80T

2120

2150

2140
2140

B80T

2130

2140

2070

6
2130

2150

B80T

2130

6
2160

2150

6
2140

2070

2080

2080

B90T

B90T

B90T

B90T

2140
2170

2160

B90T

2150

2160

2090

2150
2090

B96T

B95T
2150

C10T

C10T

2180

2170

2160

2170

2100

2160
2100

-2100

-2100

2160
2190

2180

2170

2180

2110

2170
2110

C20T
2170
2200

2190

C20T

2190

2180

C20T

2180

2120

C20T
2120

C20T

2210

2180

5
C30T

2200
2200

2190

C25T

2130

C30T

2140

2190

C30T

C30T

2130

C30T
2190

2220

2210
2210

2200

C30T
5

2200

C50T
2140

2200
2230

C50T

C50T
2220

C50T

2210

2220

2150

2210
2150

C50T
-2150

-2150

C80T
2210
2240

2230

2220

2230

2160

C70T

2220
2160

C80T

2250

2240

D10T

2240

D20T

2230

2170

C90T

2230

2170

C90T

2230
2260

2250

2250

4
D10T

D40T

C80T

2220

D10T

D10T

2240

4
2180

2240
2180

2240

2270

2260

D40T

D40T

2260

2250

2190

2250
2190

D40T

D40T

D40T

2250
2280

2270

2270

2260

2200

D45T

2200

D50T

2280

2280

D60T

2270

D60T

2270

2210

D60T

2290

2280

2290

-2200

2210

D60T

D60T

D50T

2270

D50T

2260
2290

2300

D50T

2260

D50T

D60T

-2200

2220

2280

2220

2280
2310

2300

2300

2290

2230

2290
2230

E10T
2290
2320

2310
2310

E10T

2240
2300

E10T

E10T

2240

E10T
2300
2330

2320

E30T

2320

-2250

2250
2310

E30T

2250
-2250

E30T

E40T

E30T
2310
2330

2340

E50T

2330

E40T

2260
2320

E40T

E40T

2260

2320
2350

2270
2340

E50T

E50T

2330

E60T

E50T

E50T

2270

E55T
2330
2360

E70T

2280

E60T
2350

E60T

E60T
E80T

E60T

2340
2280

2340

2370

2290

E85T

2360
2290

E80T

E80T

E85T

2380

2300
2370

E85T
-2300

2300
-2300

COMPOSITE DISPLAY OF LOGS FROM SEVERAL WELLS

AND SEISMIC DATA

CASED-HOLE LOGGING ENVIRONMENT

Source: Oilfield Review, Schlumberger

Production Logging Tool

Source: Schlumberger

Corrosion Evaluation in
Cased Holes

Source: Oilfield Review, Schlumberger

Permanent Monitoring Systems

Source: Oilfield Review, Schlumberger

Acknowledgements
Schlumberger
Baker Atlas
Repsol-YPF