22.000 T THI TOEFL, IELTS C A Harold Levine-Edited

22000 ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR
IELTS AND TOEFL

Cng c 1 cht kinh nghim v k thi IELTS, nn hm nay chia s cng mi ngi.
Mun t im cao k thi IELTS, c 1 im rt quan trng m Bear ngh ai cng bit: LUYN
TP THNG XUYN.
Tuy nhin, cng c 1 im cc k quan trng m a s thng khng ch trng lm. l phn t
vng dng ACADEMIC (hc thut).
Nn t im cao trong k thi IELTS, n luyn t trong quyn 22.000 t THI TOEFL/IELTS ca
Harold Levine l cc k cn thit. Mi ngy ch cn hc 3 t, th lng t vng ca bn s tng ng
k.
S t vng ny gip bn trong c 4 phn thi LISTENING / SPEAKING / READING / WRITING.
V d: Nu bn dng t:
SIMULTANEOUSLY thay cho t AT THE SAME TIME,
hay PORTABLE thay cho t EASY TO CARRY
hay MITIGATE thay cho t LESSEN
trong phn WRITING v SPEAKING th im ca bn s cao cht vt khng ng lun y. Cha
k, nht l trong phn READING, nhng t trong quyn sch ny xut hin nhiu lm, v c
LISTENING na ch.
S li hi ca quyn sch ny, chc chn ch khi no hc ri, bn mi thy r.
Quyn ny (nh xut bn TPHCM) ht bn ri. Nn nu bn no cn pht th lin lc Uyn
Uyn: UyenUyen@englishtime.us
Tuy nhin mi tun Bear vn s post ln y 20 t trong quyn sch , nu bn no xa, vn c
th hc c.
ng nhin mi ngi c 1 cch hc ring v tr nh khc nhau. C ngi nhn qua l nh lin, c
ngi nhn hoi vn khng nh, nn Bear suggest cch hc ny, bn no thy thch hp vi mnh th
p dng:
1/ Mi ngy hc 3 t: ging nh n cm vy: sng 1 t, tra 1 t, ti 1 t. Vui lng ng thy cun
sch qu hay m hc 1 ngy vi ba chc t ri ngy mai nhn li thy ngn.. ri.. b lun quyn sch
hay ny nh.
2/ Lm sao m trc khi i ng, c th c (hoc vit) ra 3 cu v d c cha t l xem nh ok.
Nh l ng hc kiu: teacher : gio vin, m hy cho n vo cu hn hoi. Nn hc cu v d trong
sch, (gip mnh bit thm nhiu t mi khc + quan st t loi, ng php ca cu) ch ng hc
ngha ting Vit ri t t cu, c khi li sai ng php, sai lun c t loi na !
3/ C bn hi Bear, nu hc hm nay nh, ngy mai qun 3 t hc th sao. Cu tr li l: th c
vic qun thoi mi! B no lm vic th phi cho n ngh ngi, c ra c v ch. Min sao, cui
ngy, bn vn nh c 3 t trong ngy bn hc l OK lm ri. Lu lu n i n li nhng t hc,
th s nh dai thi.
4/ 3 t x 7 ngy = 21 t. Nhng Bear ch post 20 v.. ti ch nht nn th gin (i n kem chng
hn) th no s hot ng tt hn
5/ Gii thch:
Concur / 28: => Tc l t CONCUR ny xut hin trang 28 ca quyn sch.
Agree, be of the same opinion => T ng ngha. V d, phn READING, trong on vn th dng
t CONCUR, n lc, cu hi, ngi ta dng AGREE. Do , hc lun t ng ngha, s gip mnh
c tit kim thi gian v c nhiu p n ng trong lc lm bi thi. Hoc phn WRITING,
trnh lp li t AGREE, mnh c th dng CONCUR.
ng , cng 1 kin => Ngha ting Vit
Good sportsmanship requires you to accept the umpires decision even if you do not concur with it.
=> Cu v d, c bi cnh hn hoi, d hiu.
Tinh thn th thao tt i hi bn phi chp nhn quyt nh ca trng ti d cho bn khng ng
vi ng ta. => Phn dch ting Vit bn no lm bing tra t (c khi trong cu v d, n li xut
hin nhng t mnh khng bit), vn c th hiu c.
6/ Ghi ch: C nhiu bn, mun im cao, nhng li lm bing hc t vng, th vn c mi trong
ci vng ln qun.. khng th no thot ra c. Li khuyn chn thnh ca Bear l: rng hc t
vng trong quyn ny, s ci thin s im ng k!
Sau y l 20 t cho tun ny

IELTS VOCABULARY WEEK 1

1. Civilian / 28 : [ n, adj ] / s'vlin /(thng dn.)
2. Complicated/ 28: [ adj ] / 'kmplketd / = Not simple or easy; intricate
3. Concur / 28: [ v ] / kn'kr / = Agree, be of the same
4. Confirm/ 28: [ v ] / kn'frm /= State or prove the truth of; substantiate ( Xc nhn, chng thc)
5. Digress / 30: [ v ] / da'gress /=Turn aside, get off the main subject in speaking or writing.
( i lch, lc khi ch chnh khi ni hoc vit.)
6. Fragile/ 30: [ adj ] / 'frdal / = Easily borken; breakable; weak; frail.
7. Galore/ 30: [ adj ] / g'l: / = Plentiful; abundant (nhiu.)
8. Genuine/ 30: [ adj ]/ 'denjun / = Actually being what it is claimed or seems to be; true; real;
authentic.( Tht s ng nh tn gi hoc ng nh ngi ta thy; tht; tht s; ch thc.)
9. Hostile/ 30 : [ adj, n ] / 'hstal / = Of or relating to an enemy or enemies; unfriendly
10. I mpatient / 30: [adj] / m'pent / = Not patient; not willing to bear delay; restless; anxious
11. I nter / 30: [ v ] / n't: / = Put into the earth or in a grave; bury
12. Mitigate/ 30: [ v ] / 'mtget /= Make less severe; lessen; soften; relieve.
( Lm gim i; gim bt; lm di; lm cho nh nhm)
13. Novice/ 30: [ n ] / 'nvs /= One who is new to a field or activity; beginner (ngi mi bt u.)
14. Original / 32: [ adj, n ] / 'rdnl /
15. Rarity / 32: [ n ] /'rerti /= Something uncommon, infrequent, or rare
16. Resume/ 32: [ v, n ] / r'zju:m / = Begin again
17. Shrink / 32: [ v ] / rk / = Draw back; recoil ( Tht li; li li v s)
18. Sober / 32: [ adj ] / 'sb /= Not drunk: khng say = Serious; free from excitement or exaggeration:
nghim tc; khng b kch ng hoc phng i
19. Suffice/ 32: [ v ] / s'fas / = Be enough, adequate, or sufficient ( , tng ng, hoc y )
20. Vacant / 32: [ adj ] / 'veknt / = Empty; unoccupied; not being used ( Trng; b trng; khng c s
dng)


1. Adjourn / 44: [ v ] / 'd:n / = Close a meeting; suspend the business of a meeting; disband.
( Kt thc cuc hp; ngng cng vic trong 1 phin hp, gii tn.)
Ex: When we visited Washington, D.C., Congress was not in session; it had adjourned for the
Thanksgiving weekend.
2. Astute/ 46: [ adj ] / s'tju:t / = Shrewd; wise; crafty; cunning ( Tinh ranh; khn; mu m; qu
quyt)
3. Censure/ 46: [ n, v ] = Act of blaming; expression of disapproval; hostile criticism; rebuke
( Hnh ng qu trch; by t s khng hi lng.)
4. Demolish / 46: [ v ] / d'ml/ = Tear down; destroy, raze ( Ph sp; hy dit, san bng.)
5. Discharge / 46: [ n, v ] / ds't : d / = Unload ( Bc; d xung)
6. Dissent / 46: [ n, v ] / d'sent / = Differ in opinion; disagree; object. ( Khc y kin; khng ng y;
phn bc.)
7. Equitable/ 46: [ adj ] / 'ekwtbl / = Fair to all concerned; just. ( Tt vi mi ngi; bnh ng.)
8. Exonerate/46: [ v ] / g'znret / = Free from blame; clear from accusation. ( Lm cho khi b
khin trch, lm cho khi b kt ti.)

Ex: The other driver exonerated Dad of any responsibility for the accident.
( Ngi ti x khc gii tr cha ti khi trch nhim i vi tai nn.)
9. Extemporaneous / 46: [ adj ] / eks,temp'renjs / = Composed or spoken without preparation;
off-hand; impromptu; improvised
( Tho hoc ni ra m khng chun b trc; ng khu, ng ch; lm ra ngay m khng chun b.)
Ex: It was easy to tell that the speakers talk was memorized, though he tried to make it seem
extemporaneous.
( Tht l d nhn ra rng bi ni chuyn ca din gi c hc thuc lng, tuy nhin ng ta c gng
lm ra nh th l ng khu.)
10. Extricate/ 46: [ v ] / 'ekstrket / = Free from difficulties; disentangle.
( Vt khi s kh khn; thot ra c.)
Ex: If you let your assignments pile up, you will get into a situation from which you will not be able to
extricate yourself.
( Nu bn cho bi lm ca bn chng cht ln, bn c th ri vo tnh trng m bn khng th no thot
ra c.)
11. Forfeit / 48: [ n, adj, v ] / 'f:ft /= Lose or have to give up as a penalty for some error, neglect, or
fault ( Mt hoc phi chu mt, b qua.)
12. I llegible/ 48: [ adj ] / 'ledbl /= Not able to be read; very hard to read; not legible
13. I nadvertently / 48: [ adv ] / nd'v:tntli / = Not done on purpose; unintentionally; thoughtlessly;
accidentally. ( Khng dng tm; khng ch ; v ; ngu nhin.)
14. I nappropriate/ 48: [ adj ] / n'prprit / = Not fitting; unsuitable; unbecoming; not appropriate. (
Khng thch hp; khng ph hp; khng khp vi.)
15. Lucrative/ 48: [ adj ] / 'lu:krtv / = Money-making; profitable. ( Lm ra tin; c li.)
Ex: This years school dance was not so lucrative; we made only $17, compared to $41 last year.
16. Permanent / 48: [ adj ] / 'p:mnnt / = Lasting; enduring; intended to last; stable (antonyms:
temporary; transient) ( Lu di; ko di; bn vng.)
17. Prohibit / 48: [ v ] / pr'hbt / = Fobid; ban ( Cm; khng cho.)
18. Punctual / 50: [ adj ] / 'pktul / = On time; prompt.
19. Rebuke/ 50: [ n, v ] / r'bju:k /
= Express diapproval of ; criticize sharply; censure severely; reprimand; reprove.
( By t s khng hi lng; ph bnh mnh m; khin trch nng; qu trch, la mng)
20. Transient / 50: [ adj, n ] / 'trnznt / = Not lasting; passing soon; fleeting; short-lived;
momentary ( Khng tn ti lu; chng qua; thong qua; sng ngn ngi; chc lt.)


1. Cache/ 62: [n , v ]/ k/ = Hiding place to store something. ( Ch ct giu, lu tr.)
2. Commend / 62: [ v ] (ant. Censure, reprimand) /k'mend / = Praise; mention favorably.
( Ca ngi, cp n 1 cch thun li.)
3. Cur / 62 [ n ]/k /= Worthless dog.( Con ch v dng.)
4. Despotic / 64: [ adj ]/ des'ptk/ = Of a despot (a monarch having absolute power);
5. Dispute/ 64: [ n, v ] / ds'pju:t / = Argue about; debate; declare not true; call in question;
oppose. ( L y lun, bin bc; tranh lun, tuyn b l khng ng; t thnh vn ; i lp.)
6. Edifice/ 64: [ n ] / 'edfs / = Building, especially a large or impressive building.
( Cao c, nht l cao c ln v s.)
7. Era / 64: [n] / 'r / = Historical period; period (of time) ( Giai on lch s; thi k.)

8. I nitiate / 64: [ v ] / 'nt / = Begin; introduce; originate.
9. J olly Roger / 64: [n] / 'dl'rd / = Prirates flag; black flag with white skull and
crossbones.

10. Multitude/ 64: [n]/ 'mlttju/= Crowd; throng; horde; swarm. ( m ng, by, n.)
11. Perceive / 64:[ v] /psi:v/ = Become aware of through the senses; see; note; boserye
(bit c nh gic quan; thy; ghi nhn; quan st )
12. Portal / [n]/p: tl/ = door; entrance; especially; a grand or impressive one
(ca; li vo; nht l c to v s )
Ex: The original doors at the main entrance to our school have been replaced by bronze portals.
(Chic c ban u li vo trng ti c thay th bng cnh cng bng ng )
13. Reserved / [adj] /riz:vd/ = restrained in speech or action; uncommunicative
(t ni hoc hn ch hnh ng; khng giao tip )
Ex: Mark was reserved at first but became much more communicative when he got to know us better.
(Ban u Mark d dt nhng tr nn ci m nhiu hn khi anh y bit nhiu hn v chng ti )
14. Restrain / [v] /ristrein/ = hold back; check; curb; repress (gi li; ngn li; chn li; xung )
15. Retract / [v] /ritrkt/ = draw back; with draw; take back (rt lui; rt li; ly li )
16. Spine / [n] /spain/ = (xng sng)
17. Stroll / [n]/stroul/= idle and leisurely walk (i b nhn tn, i do )
18. Timorous / [adj] /timrs/ = full of fear; afraid; timid (s hi; e s; rt r )
19. Tuition / [n] /tju:in/ = payment for instruction (tin tr cho vic c ging dy, tin hc ph )


1. Aggressor / [n] /gres/ = Person or nation that begins quarrel assailant
(ngi hoc quc gia m u cuc xung t; k xm lc; k tn cng )
2. Altitude / [n] /ltitju / = Height; elevation; high position; eminence
(Chiu cao; nng cao; v tr trn cao; tri vt ln ) # attitude
3. Calamity / [n] /klmiti/ = Great misfortune; catastrophe; disaster (i bt hnh; tai ho; i ho ) Ex:
The assassination of President Kennedy was a national calamity.
4. Congregate / [n] /khgrigeit/ = Come together into a crowd; assemble; gather
5 .Convene / [n] /knvi:n / = Meet or come together in a group for a specific purpose
(hp hoc tp hp li trong mt nhm nhm mt mc tiu no )
6. Cordiality / [n] /,k ility/ = Friendliness; warmth of regard
(S thn tnh bn b; s quan tm thn thit )
7. Crony / [n] /krouni/ = Close companion; intimate friend; chum (B bch thn; bn thn; b bn c )
8. Deliberately / [adv] /dilibritly/ = in a carefully thought out manner; on purpose; purposely
(Mt cch c suy tnh cn thn; ch ch; c dng )
9. Dispense with / [v] /dispens wi/ = do without; along without (khng phi; khng cn lm )
Ex: When our club has a guest speaker, we dispense with the reading of the minutes to save time.
(Khi cu lc b cu chng ti c ngi khch n ni chuyn, chng ti b qua vic c bin bn khi
tn th gi )
10. Dubious / [adj] /dju:bjs/ = Doubtful; uncertain; questionable
(y s ng vc; khng chc chn; c th t thnh cu hi )
11. Extremity / [adj] /ikstremiti/ = Very end; utmost limit (Ngay ch tn cng; gii hn tn cng )
Ex: Key West is at the southern extremity of Florida.
12. Forecast / [v,n] /f:k:st/ = Predict; foretell; prophesy (Tin on; ni trc; tin tri )
Ex: Mr. Walsh gave a short vocabulary quiz today, as you had forecasted.
13. Hibernate / [v] /haib:neit/ = Spend the winter (Ngh vo mu ng )
14. Host / [n.v] /houst/
= Person who receives or entertains a guest or guests (Ngi tip khch hoc chiu khch )
Ex 1: Dad treats his guests with the utmost cordiality, he is an excellent host.
(Cha ti tip i khch n cn vo bc nht, ng l mt ch khch tuyt vi )
= Large number; multitude; throng; crowd (Mt s ln; m ng; by )
Ex 2: The merchant had expected a host of customers, but only a few appeared.
(ng thng gia hy vng c mt m ng khch hng nhng ri ch c mt vi ngi xut hin )
15. I ntimidate / [v] /intimideit/ = Frighten; influence; by fear; cow; overawe

(Lm cho hong s; b nh hng bi s s hi; co rm li; qu s )
16. Preface / [n,v] /prefis/ (noun; verb) = Introduction (to a book or speech); foreword; prologue
[Li gii thiu (mt quyn sch hoc bi din vn]; li ni u; li pht oan ]
17. Recoil / [n,v] /ri:kil/ = Draw back because of fear; shrink; wince; flinch.
(Tht li li v s; co li; co rm li )
Ex: Jerry recoiled at the thought of singing in the amateur show, but he went through with it because he
had promised to participate.
18. Reflection / [n] /rifekn/ = Thought; especially careful thought
(Suy ngh; nht l suy ngh cn thn )
= Blame; discredit; reproach (Qu trch; bt tn nhim; khin trch )
Ex 2: Yesterdays defeat was no reflection on our players; they did their very best.
19. Relinquish / [v] /rilihkwi/ = Give up; abandon; let go; release; surrender
(Nhng; b; ; khng gi; u hng )
Ex: When an elderly lady entered the crowed bus, one of the students relinquished he seat to her.
20. Tolerate / [v] /tlreit/ = Endure; bear; put up with; allow; permit (Chu ng; cam chu; chu ng;
cho php ) Ex: Some young children will cry when rebuked, they cannot tolerate criticism.


1) Contend / [v] /kntend/ = Compete; vie; take part in a contest; fight; struggle
(tranh; thi da; tham d cuc u; nh nhau; chin u )
= Argue; maintain as true; assert (Lp lun; cho l ng; khng nh )
2) Decease / [n,v] /disi:s/ = Death (ci cht, cht )
3) Din / [n,v] /din/ = Loud noise; uproar (Ting ng ln; n o )
4) Distinguish / [v] /distihgwi/ = Tell apart; differentiate (Phn bit; nhn ra ch khc nhau )
5) Divulge / [v] /daivld/ = Make known; reveal; disclose (Cng b cho bit; tit l; l ra )
6) Drought / [n] /drau/ = Long period of dry weather; lack of rain; dryness (Giai on di cu thi tit
kh; thiu ma; kh hn )
Ex: While some regions are suffering from drought, others are experiencing heavy rains and floods.,/
7) Famish / [v] /fmi/ = Starve; be or make extremely hungry (i kh; i hoc lm cho i d di
)
8) I lluminate / [v] /ilu:mineit/ = Light up; make bright with light (Soi sng; chiu sng )
9) I naudible / [adj] /inbl/ = Incapable of being heard; not audible (Khng th nghe c )
10) I ncense / [v] /insens/ = Make extremely angry; enrage; madden; infuriate
(Lm cho gin d; ni cn thnh n; in ln, tc gin )
11) I nundate / [n,v] /inndeit/ = Flood; swamp; deluge (ngp lt; lm ngp lt; trn ngp )
12) J eopardy / [n] /depdi/ = Danger; peril (Nguy him; him nguy )
13) Magnify / [v] /mgnifai/ = Cause to be or look larger; enlarge; amplify (Lm cho ln hoc trng
thy ln hn; phng i; lm to ln )
14) Municipal / [adj] /mju:nisipl/ = Of a city or town (Thuc v thnh ph, th)
15) Puncture / [n,v] /phkt/ Make a hole with a pointed object; pierce; perforate
(m mt l bng mt vt nhn; m xuyn qua; lm thng )
16) Rummage / [n,v] /rmid/ = Search thoroughly by turning over all the contents; ransack
(Tm bng cch lc lo mi th bn trong; lng sc tm )
17) Simultaneous / [adj] /,simlteinisli/. happening or done at the same ttime as st else
( ng thi, cng mt lc)

1) Accommodate / [v] /kmdeit/ = Hold without crowding or inconvenience; have room for
(Ch c; ch cho )
Ex: The new restaurant will accommodate 128 persons [=> people; sao trong sch ngi ta dng
persons vy ta???]. (Nh hng mi c th ch n 128 ngi )
= Oblige; do a favor for; furnish with something desired

(Lm tho mn ai; ban n hu cho ai; cung ng iu m ngi khc mun )
Ex: Im sorry I have no pen to lend you. Ask Norman. Perhaps he can accommodate you.
(Ti ly lm tic ti khng c bt mc cho anh mn. Anh hy hi Norman. C l ng ta c
th gip anh )
2) Apprehed / [v] /,prihend/ = Anticipate (foresee) with fear; dread (Tin liu v lo s; s)
Ex 1: Now I see how foolish I was to apprehend the outcome of the test. I passed easily.
(By gi ti mi thy tht l ngu khi ti lo s kt qu cu k thi. Ti u mt cch d dng )
= Arrest (Bt gi)
Ex 2: The escaped prisoner was apprehended as he tried to cross the border.
(Ngi t vt ngc b bt li khi anh ta c gng vt qua bin gii )
3) Cleave / [v] /kli:v/ = Stick; adhere; cling; be faithful (Bm cht; gn b vi; eo st; trung thnh
)
4) Conceal / [v] /knsi:l/ = Keep secret; withdraw from observation; hide (Gi b mt; trnh b
quan st; n no )
5) Content / [n,adj,v] /kntent/ = Satisfied; pleased (Tho mn; hi lng )
Ex: If you are not content with the merchandise, you may return it for an exchange or a refund.
(Nu ng khng hi lng vi hng ho y, ng c th hon v i ly ci khc hoc l ly tin
li )
6) Culprit / [n] /klprit/ = One guilty of a fault or crime; offender (Ngi phm li hoc c ti;
ngi ti phm )
7) Eliminate / [v]/ilimineit/= Drop; exclude; remove; get rid of; rule out (Ngng; loi ra; ly khi;
loi b)
8) Facetious / [adj] /fsi:s/ = Given to joking; not to be taken seriously; witty
(u khng ch ; nghim tc; d dm )
Ex: Bob meant it when he said he was quitting the team. He was not being facetious.
9) Fatigue / [n,v] /fti:g/ = Tire; exhaust; weary (Mt mi; kit sc; r ri )
10)I nfallible / [adj] /inflbl/ = Incapable of error; sure; certain; absolutely reliable
(Khng th sai lm; chc chn; chc; tuyt i tin tng c )
Ex: When Phil disputes my answer or I question his, we take it to our math teacher. We consider
her judgment infallible. (Khi Phil tranh ci gii p ca ti hoc ti nghi ng gii p ca hn,
Chng ti bn nh c gio dy ton xem xt. Chng ti thy phn nh ca c khng th sai lm
)
10) Pilfer / [v] /pilf(r)/ = Steal (in small amounts ) (n cp vt )
Ex: The shoplifter was apprehended with a number of pilfered articles in his possession.
(Tn cp vt trong ca tim b bt gi cng vi mt s mn hng nh cp m anh ta ang
mang gi)
11) Province /[n] /prvins/ = Proper business or duty; sphere; jurisdiction
(Cng vic ring hoc nhim v; lnh vc; thm quyn php l )
Ex: If your brother misbehaves in school, you have no right to punish him; that is your parents
province.
(Nu em trai anh c x mt t cch nh trng, anh khng c quyn pht n; l nhim v
ca cha m anh )
13 Reflect /[v] /riflekt/ = Think carefully; meditate; contemplate (Suy ngh cn thn; suy t; suy
tng ) Ex: I could have given a much better answer if I had had time to reflect.
(Ti c th a ra mt cu tr li tt hn nhiu nu ti c th gi suy ngh )
14) Reverse / [adj,v,n] /riv:s/ = Turn completely about; change to the opposite position; revoke;
annul (Xoay ngc tr li hon ton; chuyn sang lp trng i lp; thu hi; hu b)
Ex 1: If I found guilty, a person may appeal to a higher court in the hope that it will reverse the
verdict.
(Nu b to cho l c ti, ngi ta c th chng n ln mt to n cao hn vi hy vng l to ny
s o ngc li phn quyt trc )
= A defeat (S bi trn )
Ex 2: In 1805, Napoleons fleet met with a serious reverse at the Battle of Trafalgar.

(Vo nm 1805, hm i ca Napolon gp phi mt tht bi nng n trn Trafalgar )
15) Shallow / [adj,n,v] /lou/ = Not deep (Khng su, cn )
16) Superfluous /[adj] /su:p:flus/ = Beyond what is necessary or desirable; surplus; needless
(D tha, khng cn thit)


1) Abate / [v] / beit/ = Become less; decrease; diminish (Gim bt; tr nn t i; st gim )
Ex 1: The water shortage in abating, but it is still a matter of some concern.
(S khan him nc gim bt nhng vn cn l mt vn phi lo u )
= Make less; reduce; moderate (Lm cho t i; st gim; iu ho khi phi thi qu )
Ex 2: Mikes close defeat in the tennis tournament has not abated his zeal for the game.
(Vic Mike thua st nt trong vng u tennis khng lm gim bt nhit tnh ca anh i vi tr
chi ny )
2) Accord /[n,v] /k : d /= Agreement; understanding (Tho hip; s hiu bit )
Ex 1: If both sides to the dispute can be brought to the conference table, perhaps they can come to an
accord.
(Nu hai bn trong cuc tranh chp c th c mang n bn hi ngh, c l h c th i n mt
tho hip )
= Agree; correspond (ng ; ph hp; tng ng )
Ex 2: Check to see if your definition accords with the one in the dictionary.
(Bn hy sot li xem nh ngha ca bn c ph hp vi nh ngha trong t in khng )
3) Aggravate / [v] /grveit/ = Make worse; intensify (Lm cho ti t hn; trm trng hn; gia tng
cng )
Ex: If your sunburn itches, dont scratch; that will only aggravated it.
4) Belligerent /[adj,n] /bi'lidrnt/ = Fond of fighting; warlike; combative
(Hiu chin; thch chin tranh; c tinh thn chin u )
5) Conspicuous /[adj] / kn'spikjus/ = Noticeable; easily seen; prominent; striking
(ng lu ; d thy; ni bt ln; p vo mt )
Ex: Among of Manhattans skyscrapers, the Empire State Building is conspicuous for its superior
height.
(Trong s cc to nh chc tri khu Manhattan cao c Empire State Building ni bt do chiu cao
vt tri ca n )
6) Craft / [n] / kr:ft/ = Skill; art (K nng; ti ngh)
Ex 1: The weavers of Oriental rugs are famous for their superior craft.
(Nhng ngi dt loi thm ng Phng ni danh v ti ngh siu vit ca h)
= Skill or art in a bad sense; cunning; guile (K nng hoc ti ngh hiu theo ngha xu; mu m; th
on )
Ex 2: The Greeks took Troy by craft; they use the trick of the wooden horse.
(NgI Hy Lp chim thy Troy bng mu mo; h s dng con nga g nh la )
7) Craven / [adj, n] / 'kreivn/ = Cowardly (Nht gan)
Ex: Henry Flemming thought he would be a hero, but as the fighting began he fled from the field in
craven fear.
8) Currency / [n] / 'krnsi/
= Something in circulation as a medium of exchange; money; coin; bank notes
(Vt trung gian trong lu thong dng lm phng tin trao i; tin; tin xu; giy bc ngn hng )
9) Deter /[v] / di't: / = Turn aside through fear; discourage; hinder; keep back
(Lm cho i v s; lm nn ch; lm tr ngi; gi li )
10) Duplicate / [adj,n,v] /'djulikit/ = One of two things exactly alike; copy
(Mt trong 2 vt ging ht nhau; phin bn; bn sao)
11) Fictitious / [adj] /fik'tis/ = Made up; imaginary; not real (Ba ra; c tnh cch tng tng; khng
tht )

12) I mmaculate / [adj] /i'mkjulit/ = Spotless; without a stain; absolutely clean
(Khng vy bn; khng mt vt d; tuyt i sch )
13) I ntervene / [v] /,int'vi:n/ = Occur between; be between; come between
(Xy ra gia; xen vo gia; can thip )
Ex 1: More than two months intervene between a Presidents election and the day he takes office.
(T khi tng thng c bu n ngy ng nhn chc l khong thi gian trn 2 thng )
= Come between to help settle a quarrel; intercede
(Xen vo dn xp mt v ci v; xen vo gip ; can thip )
Ex 2: Ralph is unhappy that I stopped the fight between him and his brother. He did not want me to
intervene.
(Ralph khng hi lng khi ti can cuc nh nhau gia hn v em hn. Hn khng mun ti can
thip )
14) Miniature / [n,v] /'mint/ = Small; tiny (Nh; nh nhn )
15) Quintet / [n] /kwin'tet/= Group of five(nhm 5 ngi )

1) Alternative / [adj,v]/:l't:ntiv/ = Choice; one of two or more things offered for choice
(La chn; mt hoc hai phng n hoc nhiu hn la chn )
2) Beverage / [n] /'bevrid/ = Drink; liquid for drinking
(Thc ung; cht lng ung )Ex: Orange juice is a healthful beverage.
(Nc p cam l mt thc ung b dng )
3) Blunder /[n,v] /'blnd/ = Mistake or error caused by stupidity or carelessness
(Sai lm, hoc li lm gy ra do s ngu xun hoc cu th )
4) Custody /[n] /'kstdi/ = Care; safekeeping; guardianship(S chm sc; s trng nom; s gi gn )
Ex: Our treasurer has custody of our clubs financial records.
(NgI th qu ca chng ti gi gn cc h s ti chnh ca cu lc b chng ti )
5) Diminutive /[adj] /di'minjutiv/ = Below average size; small; tiny
(Kch thc di trung bnh; nh; b t )
6) Dispel [v]/dis'pel/ = Drive away by scattering; scatter; disperse
(y li i bng cch phn tn; gii tn; lm tn mt ra )
Ex: The two officers were commended for their skill in dispelling the mob and preventing violence.
(Hai vin chc cnh st c khen ngi v c kh nng gii tn m ng v ngn nga bo ng )
7) Dormant / [adj] /'d:mnt/ = Inactive; as if asleep; sleeping; quiet; sluggish; resting
(Bt ng; nh ang ng; ang ng; yn lng; chm chp; yn ngh )
8) Exclusively /[adv]/iks'klu:sivli/ = Solely; without sharing with others; undividedly
(Ch ring cho; khng chia s vi nhng ngi khc; mt cch khng phn chia )
9) Exempt /[adj,n,v] /ig'zempt/ = Freed or released from a duty, liability, or rule to which others are
subject (Min tr khi nhim v, trch nhim hoc quy nh m k khc phi theo )
10) I mperil / [v]. /im'peril/.= Endanger; jeopardize (Lm nguy him; lm hi cho)
Ex: The fishing vessel was imperiled by high winds, but it managed to reach port safely.
(Chic thuyn nh c b nguy him v nhng cn gi to, nhng c gng v bn cng an ton )
11) Lineage / [n] /'linid/
= Descent (in a direct line from a common ancestor); ancestry; family; extraction
(Dng di {trc h t mt t tin chung}; t tin; gia nh; ngun gc a phng )
12) Major /[n,v.adj] /'meid/ (t tri ngha: minor = th yu )= Greater; larger; more important;
principal (Ln hn; to hn; quan trng hn; chnh yu )
13) Objective / [adj,n] /b'dektiv/ = Aim or end (of an action); goal
14) Opinionated / [adj] /'pinjneitid/
= Unduly attached to ones own opinion; obstinate; stubborn
(Bm ly kin ca mnh mt cch khng hp l; ngoan c; bng bnh )
15) Presently /[adv]/'prezntli/ = In a short time; soon; before long
(Trong mt thi gian ngn; khng bao lu; chng bao lu )
Ex: We wont have to wait long for our bus. It will be here presently.

(Chng ti s khng phi ch lu chuyn xe but ca chng ti. N s n y khng lu )
16) Procrastinate /[v] /prou'krstineit/ = Put things off; delay; postpone; defer
(Hon cng vic li; lm chm; nh hon; hon li )
17) Prodigious / [adj] /pr'dids/ = Extraordinary in size, quantity, or ex-ten; vast; enormous; huge;
immense (Kch thc, s lng, hoc mc v cng ln; rt ln; khng l; bao la )
18) Protract /[v] /pr'trkt/ = Draw put; lengthen in time; prolong; extend
(Ko di ra; ko di thi gian; ko di; m rng )
Ex: My aunt had planned to stay with us for the weekend only, but mother persuaded her to protract
her visit for a full week.
19) Retain /[v] /ri'tein/ = Keep; continue to have, hold or use
(Gi; tip tc duy tr; hoc s dng )
1. Skill
1) Adroit /[adj] /'drit/ = Expert in using the hands or mind; skillful; clever; deft; dexterous
(Thnh tho trong nhng vic s dng hai tay hoc tr c; nhiu k nng; thng minh; nhanh v
kho; kho tay )
2) Ambidextrous /[adj] /,mbi'dekstrs/= Able to use both hands equally well (Kho c 2 tay)
3) Apprentice /[n,v,adj] /'prentis/
= Person learning an art or trade under a skilled worker; learner; beginner; novice; tyro
( ngi thc tp)
4) Aptitude /[n] /'ptitju / = Natural tendency to learn or understand; bent; talent
5) Craftsman /[n] /'kr:ftsmn/ = Skilled workman; artisan(Ngi cng nhn c k nng; th
chuyn mn )
6) Dexterity /[n] /deks'teriti/ = Skill in using the hands or mind; deftness; adroitness
(K nng khi s dng tay hoc tr c; s kho lo k xo )
Ex: You cant expect an apprentice to have the same dexterity as a master craftsman.
(Bn khng th hy vng mt ngi ang hc vic c c cng mt k nng kho lo nh mt
ngi th c)
7) Versatile / [adj] /'v:stail/ = Capable of doing many things well; many-sided; all-around
(C th lm tt c nhiu vic, an nng; ton din, ton nng )
Ex: Leonardo da Vinci was remarkably versatile. He was a painter, sculptor, architect, musician,
engineer and scientist.
(Leonardo da Vinci rta nng. ng l mt ho s, mt nh iu khc, mt kin trc s, mt nhc s,
k s v mt nh khoa hc )
2. Poverty(Page 164 -> 173)
1) Destitute / [adj] /'destitju:t/ = Not possessing the necessaries of life such as food, shelter, and clothing;
needy; indigent.
(Khng c nhng g cn thit cho i sng nh thc n, nh ca v qun o; thiu thn; s ngho kh)
Ex: The severe earthquake killed hundred of persons and left thousands destitute.
(Trn ng t khng khip git cht hng trm ngi v lm cho hng ngn ngi lm vo cnh
ngho kh )
2) Economize /[v] /i:'knmaiz/ = Cut down expenses; be frugal(Ct gim chi ph; tit kim )
3) Frugal / [adj] /'fru:gl/ = Barely enough: scantly (Ch; rt t )
Ex 1: The old man had nothing to eat but bread and cheese; yet he offered to share this frugal meal
with his visitor.
(ng gi y khng c g n ngoi tr bnh m v ph mai; vy m ng ta ngh chia s ba nm
bc ny vi ngi khch ving thm ng ta )
= Avoiding waste; economical; sparing; saving; thrifty (Trnh phung ph; tit kim; dnh; d sn )
Ex 2: An allowance of $5 a week for lunches and fares isnt much, but you can get by on it if you are
frugal.
(Tr cp nm la mt tun l cho n tra v tin di chuyn th khng nhiu nhng cng c thc
nu nh anh tit kim )

4) I mpoverish / [v] /im'pvri/ = Make very poor; reduce to poverty (lm cho ngho i )
5) I ndigence /[n] /'indidns/ = Poverty (S ngho kh)
3. Wealth
1) Affluent / [adj,n] /'flunt/ = Very wealthy; rich; opulent (Rt giu; giu c; giu sang )
2) Avarice /[n] /'vris/ = Excessive desire for wealth; greediness
(S tham lam ti sn thi qu, s tham lam )
3) Covet /[v] /'kvit/ = Desire; long for; crave especially something belonging to another
(S ham mun; ao c; thm kht nht l nhng th ca k khc )
(POSTED BY thanhtruc_panda)
(Page 168 > 174)
3. Wealth

1) Lucrative /[adj] /'lu:krtiv/ = Profitable; moneymaking (Sinh li; lm ra tin )
Ex: Because his gas station did not produce a sufficient profit, the owner decided to go into a more
lucrative business.
2) Means/min:nz/ = Wealth; property; resources(S giu c; ti sn; ti nguyn )
3) Opulence /[n] /'pjulns/ = Wealth; riches; affluence(S giu c; c nhiu ca ci; giu sang )
4) Sumptuous /[adj]/'smptus/ = Involving large expense; luxurious; costly; lavish
(S xa hoa, chi tiu nhiu; xa x; t gi; phung ph )
4. Fear

1) Apprehensive / [adj] /,pri'hensiv/ = Expecting something unfavorable; afraid; anxious
(Lo s mt iu g khng thun li, s hi lo lng )
Ex: Several apprehensive parents telephoned the school when the children were late in getting home
from the museum trip.
2) Cower /[v] /'kau/ = Draw back tremblingly; shrink or crouch in fear; cringe; recoil
(Tht li v run s; co hoc thu mnh li v s hi; co rt li; li li v s )
Ex: Brave men defy tyrants, instead of cowering before them.
(Nhng ngi dng cm thch thc vi nhng k c ti thay v tht li v s hi )
3) Dastardly /[adj] /'dstdli/ = Cowardly and mean (Mt cch hn nht v tin )
4) I ntimidate /[v] /in'timideit/ = Make fearful or timid; frighten; force by fear; cow; bully
5) Timid /[v] /'timid/ = Lacking courage or self-confidence; fearful; timorous; shy
(Thiu s can m hoc t tin; s hi, nht nht; e l )
6) Trepidation /[n] /,trepi'dein/= Nervous agitation; fear; fright; trembling
(Lo lng bn chn; s hi; kinh s; run s )
5. Courage

1) Audacious /[adj] /:'deis/ = Bold; fearlessly daring (Can m; gan d khng bit s )
= Too bold; insolent; impudent (Qu bo dn; c gan; hn xc )
2) Dauntless /[adj] /'d:ntlis/ = Fearless; intrepid; very brave; valiant
(Khng bit s; qu cm; rt can m; dng cm )
3) Exploit / [n,v] /'eksplit/ = Heroic act; daring deed; feat(Hnh vi anh hng; hnh ng gan d; hnh
vi qu cm )
4) Fortitude / [n] /'f:titju / = Courage in facing danger, hardship, or pain; endurance; bravery; pluck;
backbone; valor (Can m khi i u vi nguy him, gian kh hoc au n; s chu ng; can
trng; chu ng phn u; dng cm )
Ex: The captain showed remarkable fortitude in continuing to lead his men despite a painful wound.
(V thuyn trng t ra rt can trng khi tip tc dn u cc thuc vin ca ng mc d vt
thng ang lm ng au n )
5) I ndomitable /[adj]. /in'dmitbl/ = Incapable of being subdued; unconquerable; invincible
(Khng th b khut phc; khng th chinh phc; v ch; khng th b chin thng )
Ex: Columbus had an indomitable belief that he would reach land by sailing west.

(Columbus c mt nim tin khng g khut phc c l ng s i n t lin khi tin v pha
ty bng thuyn bum )

6) Plucky / [adj] /'plki/ = Courageous; brave; valiant; valorous (Can m; can trng; dng cm; anh
dng )
7) Rash / [n, adj]/r/ [T tri ngha: Deliberate /di'librit/: thn trng ]
= Overhasty; foolhardy; reckless; impetuous; taking too much risk
(Qu vi v; can m mt cch kh di; nhanh v u; nhanh v thiu suy ngh; qu nguy him )
6. Concealment

1) Concealment /[n] / kn'si:lmnt/ = The act of hiding st, the state of being hidden
(Hnh ng che du)
2) Alias /n.v] / 'eilis/ = Assumed name (Bit danh )
3) Clandestine /[adj] / kln'destin/ = Carried on in secrecy and concealment; secret; concealed;
underhand(c tin hnh trong s b mt v che giu; b mt; c giu kn; b mt v bt lng )
4) Enigma /[n] / i'nigm/ = Puzzling statement; riddle; mystery; puzzling problem or person
(n ng; cu ; iu b mt; vn hoc con ngi kh hiu )
5) Latent /[adj] / 'leitnt/ = Present but not showing itself; hidden but capable of being brought to
light; dormant; potential (Hin din nhng khng hin l ra; n bn di nhng c th c mang ra
anh sng; ang hot ng tim tng nh ng; tim nng, tim tng )
Ex: A good education will help you discover and develop your latent talents.
(Mt nn gio dc tt s gip bn khm ph v pht trin ti nng tim tng )
6) Lurk /[v] / l:k/ = Be hidden; lie in ambush(n nu; nm phc kch )
7) Seclude /[v] / si'klu / = Shut up apart from others; confine in a place hard to reach; hide
(Cch ly khi nhng ngi khc; gi vo mt ch kh n; n giu )
8) Stealthy /[adj]/ 'steli/ = Secret in action or character; sly
(B mt trong hnh ng hoc trong cch i ng; ln lt )
Ex: The burglar must have been very stealthy if he was able to get past the two watchmen without
being noticed.
7. Disclosure

1) Disclosure /[n] / dis'klouz/ = Exposition, revelation (S vch trn; s pht hin, s tit l )
2) Apprise /[v] / 'praiz/ = Inform; notify(Thng bo, thng tri )
3) Avowal /[n] / 'vaul/ = Open acknowledgement; frank declaration; admission; confession
(S cng nhn cng khai; thnh tht khai bo; cng nhn; th nhn )
4) Divulge /[v] / dai'vld/ = Make public; disclose; reveal; tell(Cng b; tit l; k ra )
5) Elicit /[v] / i'lisit/ = Draw forth; bring out; evoke; extract(Rt ra; mang ra; gi ra; to ra; trch l ra )
6) Enlighten /[v] /inlaintn/ [T tri ngha: confuse]
= Shed the light of truth and knowledge upon; free from ignorance; inform; instruct
(Soi sng s tht v s hiu bit; gii phng khi s dt nt; thng bo; ch dn )
Ex: The new student was going in the wrong direction until someone enlightened him that his room
is at the other end of the hall.
(Anh tn sinh vin ang i vo hng sai cho n khi c ngi ch cho anh ta rng phng ca anh y
u bn kia hnh lang )
7) Manifest /[n,v] / 'mnifest/ = Show; reveal; display; evidence(Biu l; tit l; trng by; chng t )
Ex 1: My art teacher told my parents that I have failed to manifest any interest in her subject.
(C gao mn k thut ni vi cha m ti rng ti khng cho thy mt s quan tm no i vi
mn hc ca c ta. )
= Plain; clear; evident; not obscure; obvious (adjective)
(Gin d; r rng; hin nhin; khng ti tm; r )
Ex 2: It is now manifest that, if I do not do my work, I will fail the course.
(By gi th r rng l nu ti khng lm bi lm ca ti, ti s b hng kho hc.)

8) Overt / [adj] / 'ouv:t/ = Open to view; not hidden; public; manifest
(M ra; khng che giu; cng cng; biu l )

8. Agreement

1) Compromise /[n,v] /'kmprmaiz/ = Settlement reached by a partial yielding on both sides
(Tho thun t c bng cch nhng b mt phn t c hai pha )
Ex: At first, the union and management were far apart on wages, but they finally came to a
compromise.
(Thot tin, nghip on v ban gim c khc bit nhau v lng bng, nhng cui cng h i
n tho hip.)
2) Conform / [v] /kn'f:m/ = Be in agreement or harmony with; act in accordance with accepted
standards or customs; comply (Ph hp vi; hnh ng theo tiu chun hoc tp qun c chp
thun; tun th, hnh ng theo )
Ex: When a new style in clothes appears, women usually hasten to conform.
(Khi mt kiu o qun mi xut hin, ph n thng hay vi v chy theo.)
3) Consistent /[adj] /kn'sistnt/ [T tri ngha: inconsistent /,inkn'sistnt/: mu thun nhau, tri nhau]
= Keeping to the same principles throughout; showing no contradiction; in accord; compatible
(Theo cng nhng nguyn tc xuyn sut; nht qun khng mu thun; tng hp vi; ph hp vi )
4) Correspond / [in.verb] /,kris'pnd/ [in.verb = intransitive verb]
= Be in harmony; match; fit; agree; be similar (Ph hp; kt vi; thch hp vi; ng ; tng t )
Ex: The rank of second lieutenant in the Army corresponds to that of ensign in the Navy.
(Cp bc thiu u trong qun i tng ng vi cp bc thiu u trong hi qun. )
5) Dovetail / [n,v] /'dvteil/= To fit together with, so as to form a harmonious whole; interlock with
(Kt hp hon ho vi nhau to thnh mt on th hi ho; kt cht vi )
6) Reconcile / [t.verb] /'reknsail/ [t. verb = transitive verb]
= Cause to be friendly again; bring back to harmony (Ho gii, lm cho thun tho bn b li; lm
cho ho hp tr li )
7) Relent / [in.verb] /ri'lent/ = Become less harsh, severe, or strict; soften in temper; yield
(D di, ni lng; tr nn bt kh khn, nghim ngt, hoc bt cht ch; lm cho c tnh bt kh
chu; nhng b )
9. Disagreement

1) Altercation /[ n] /,:lt:'kein/ = Noisy, angry dispute; quarrel; wrangle
(Ci v n o, gin d; ci ln; i co )
Ex: The teacher halted the altercation by separating the two opponents before they could come to
blows.(Thy gio chm dt s i co bng cch tch ri hai k i nghch trc khi chng c th
i ti nh nhau.)
2) Antagonize [t.verb]
/n'tgnaiz/
= Make an enemy of; arouse the hostility of
(To s th ch; gy ra s i nghch xung t )
Ex: The official antagonized the leader of his own party by accusing him of cowardice.
(Vin chc y to ra s th nghch vi th lnh chnh ng ca ng ta bng cch kt tI ng ny
l mt k hn nht.)

3) Cleavage / [n]
/'kli:vid/
= Split; division
(Chia r; phn ly )

Ex: Our party hopes to repair the cleavage in its ranks so that it may present a united front in the
coming elections.
(ng ca chng ti hy vng hn gn c s chia r trong hng ng ca mnh sao cho ng c th
xut hin nh mt mt trn on kt trong cc k bu c sp ti.)

4) Discord /[n, in.verb]
/'disk /
[T tri ngha: Accord, harmony ]
= Disagreement; conflict; dissension; strife
(S khng thun tho; xung t; s chia r; xung t )
Ex: Billy Budd put an end to the discord aboard the RIGHT-OF-MAN. He was an excellent
peacemaker.
(Billy Buld chm dt c mi bt ho trn con tu RIGHT-OF-MAN. Anh ta l mt nh ho
gii xut sc.)

5) Discrepancy / [n]
/dis'krepnsi/
[T tri ngha: agree, concur]
= Difference; disagreement; variation; inconsistency
(S d bit; s khng ng ; s a dng; s khng ph hp )
Ex: Eighty students came to the dance but only seventy-four tickets were collected at the door. Can
you account for this discrepancy?
(Tm mi sinh vin n d cuc khiu v, nhng ch c 74 v c thu ca. Anh c th gii
thch c s chnh lch ny khng?)

6) Embroil / [t.verb]
/im'bril/
= Involve in conflict
(Dn n xung t )
Ex: Motorists who disregard traffic regulations eventually become embroiled with law.
(Nhng ngi li xe coi thng lut l giao thng rt cuc ri s dn n vi phm lut php )

7) Estrange /[ in.verb]
/is'treind/
= Turn (someone) from affection to dislike or enmity; make unfriendly; separate, alienate
(Lm thay i tnh cm t thn thch sang ght hoc th nghch; lm cho khng thn thin; lm cho
xa cch; lm cho tr thnh xa l )
Ex: A quarrel over an inheritance estranges the brothers for many years.
(S ci v v vn tha k lm cho hai anh em ght b nhau trong nhiu nm.)

8) Friction /[n]
/'frikn/
= Conflict of ideas between persons or parties of opposing views; disagreement
(Xung t kin gia nhng ngi hoc ng phi c quan im i lp; va chm, khng ng .)
Ex: At the budget hearing, there was considerable friction between the supporters and the opponents
of higher taxes.
(Trong cuc hp v ngn sch, c mt s va chm ng k gia nhng ngi ng h v nhng
ngi chng i tng thu.)

9) I rreconcilable /[adj]
/i'reknsailbl/
= Unable to be brought into friendly accord or understanding; hostile beyond the possibility of
reconciliation; not reconcilable

(Khng th ho gii; lm cho ng hoc hiu bit; xung t vt khi kh nng ho gii; khng th
ho gii )
Ex: It is doubtful whether anyone can make peace between the estranged partners; they have become
irreconcilable.
(Ngi ta nghi ng l khng ai c th ging ho gia cc bn th nghch; h tr nn khng th
ho gii c.)

10) Litigation /[n]
/,liti'gein/
= Lawsuit; act or process of carrying on a lawsuit
(V kin; hnh vi hoc tin trnh kin tng )
Ex: Some business disputes can be settled out of court; others require litigation.
(Mt vi s tranh chp kinh doanh c th c gii quyt bn ngoi to n; nhng tranh chp khc
th i phi tha kin ra to.)

11) At variance /[adj]
/t'verins/
= In disagreement; at odds
(Khng ph hp; khc vi )
Ex: Cynthia is an independent thinker. Her opinions are often at variance with those of the rest of
the class.
(Cynthia l mt ngi suy ngh c lp. Nhng kin ca c thng khc vi kin ca nhng
ngi khc trong lp.)

12) Wrangle /[n, in.verb]
/'rgl/
= Quarrel noisily; dispute angrily; brawl; bicker
(Ci v n o; tranh chp gin d; i co; ci vt, ci v v nhng vn khng quan trng )
Ex: When I left, two neighbors were quarreling noisily. When I returned an hour later, they were still
wrangling.
(Khi ti ri khi, hai ngi lng ging ang ci nhau n o. Khi ti tr li mt gi sau , h vn cn
i co.)

(Page 198 -> 212)

10. Eating

1) Condiment /[n]
/'kndimnt/
= Something (such as pepper or spices) added to or served with food to enhance its flavor; seasoning
(Th thm vo hoc dng chung vi thc n tng gia v ngon; gia v )
Ex: There is a shelf in our kitchen for pepper, salt, mustard, catsup, and other condiments.
(C mt ci k trong nh bp chng ti tiu, mui, m tt, st c chua v nhng th gia v khc.)

2) Devour /[t.verb]
/di'vau/
= Eat up greedily; feast upon like an animal or a glutton
(n mt cch ngon lnh; n nh con vt hoc nh mt ngi tham n )
Ex: The hikers were so hungry that they devoured the hamburger as fast as they were served.

(Nhng ngi i d ngoi i n h n hamburger mt cch ngon lnh v nhanh chng n
ngi ta khng kp mang ra.)

3) Edible /[adj]
/'edibl/
= Fit for human consumption; eatable; nonpoisonous
(Thch hp n; c th n c; khng c.)
Ex: Never eat wild mushroom even though they look edible. They may be poisonous.
(Ch nn n nm di, cho d chng c v n c. Chng c th c y.)

4) Glutton /[n]
/'gltn/
= Greedy eater; person in the habit of eating too much
(K tham n; ngi c thi quen n nhiu qu )
Ex: I had a second helping and would have taken a third except that I didnt want to be considered a
glutton.
(Ti n ht sut (phn thc n ) th nh v ng l n thm mt sut th ba nu nh ti mun
b gi l k hu n.)

5) Luscious / [adj]
/'ls/
= Delicious; juicy and sweet
(Ngon lnh; c nc v ngt )
Ex: The watermelon was very luscious. Everyone wanted another slice.
(Da hu rt ngon. Mi ngi ai cng mun c thm mt ming na.)

6) Palatable /[adj]
/'pltbl/
= Agreeable to the taste; pleasing; savory
(Hp khu v; lm ngon ming; thm ngon )
Ex: The main dish has little flavor, but I made it palatable by adding condiments.
(Mn n chn khng hng v bao nhiu, nhng ti lm cho n thm ngon hn bng cch cho
thm cc gia v.)

7) Slake /[t.verb]
/sleik/
= (With reference to thirst) bring to and end through refreshing drink; satisfy; quench
(Lin h n s kht nc ) lm cho ht kht bng nc gii kht; lm tho mn cn kht; lm ht
kht.
Ex: ON a sultry afternoon, you may find a long line of people at the drinking fountain, waiting to
slake their thirst.
(Vo mt bui x chiu oi , bn c th thy mt hng ngi di ch vi nc ang ch c
gii [gii to, tho mn] cn kht ca h.)

8) Succulent /[adj]
/'skjulnt/
= Full of juice; juicy
(y nc; mng nc )
Ex: The steak will be dry if you leave it in the oven longer. Take it out now if you want it to be
succulent.
(Ming bt tt s kh cng nu bn n trn l lu hn. Bn hy ly ra ngay nu bn mun n mm
ngon.)

9) Voracious /[adj]
/v'reis/
= Having a huge appetite; greedy in eating; gluttonous
(Rn mun n; ham n; tham n )
Ex: Chester would not be overweight if be were not such a voracious eater.
(Chester s khng b mp qu c nu nh hn khng n ung nhiu qu nh vy.)

11. Size, Quantity

1) Colossal [adj]
/k'lsl/
= Huge; enormous; gigantic; mammoth; vast
(Khng l; rt ln; to nh khng tng; mnh mng )
Ex: The game will be played in a colossal sports arena with a seating capacity of more than 60,000.
(Trn u din ra trong u trng th thao khng l vi s ch ngi trn 60.000.)

2) Commodious /[adj]
/k'moudjs/ = Spacious and comfortable; roomy; ample not confining
(Rng ri v thoi mi; c ch rng; rng ri, khng b hn ch )
Ex: Even during change of classes there is no crowding because the halls and stairways are
commodious.
(Ngay vo lc i gi hc cng khng c cnh ng c bi v cc hnh lang v cu thang th rng
ri, thoi mi.)

3) Gamut /[n]
/'gmt/ = Entire range of anything from one extreme to another
(Bao gm nhiu, t thi cc ny n thi cc khc )
Ex: After the test I thought at first I had done very well, then quite well, and finally, poorly. I ran the
gamut from confidence to despair.
(Sau khi thi xong, mi u ti ngh ti lm rt tt, ri th thy lm cng c v cui cng thy mnh
lm d. Ti tri qua t thi cc ny n thi cc khc, t s t tin n s tuyt vng.)

4) I nfinite [adj,n]
/infinit/
= Without ends or limits; boundless; endless; inexhaustible
(V bin; khng gii hn; khng lm cn, lm ht c )
Ex: In our science lesson tomorrow we shall consider whether space is bounded or infinite.
(Trong bi hc khoa hc ca chng ti vo ngy mai, chng ti s xem xt khng gian l hu hn
hay v cng.)

5) I nfinitesimal /[adj,n]
/,infini'tesiml/
= So small as to be almost nothing; immeasurably small; very minute
(Nh v cng; nh khng th o lng c; rt chi tit, rt nh )
Ex: If there is any salt in this soup, it must be infinitesimal. I cant taste it.
(Nu nh c mui trong mn sp ny th hn phi l rt t. Ti khng thy c v g c. )

6) I nflate /[t.verb, v]
/infleit/ = Swell with air or gas; expand; puff up
(Phng ln do khng kh hoc hi; thi lm phng ln )
Ex: Since the football has lost air, we shall need a pump to inflate it.

(V tri banh mt ht hi, chng ti s cn ci bm lm phng n ln.)

7) I nordinate
/in' init/
= Much to great; not keep within reasonable bounds; excessive; immoderate
(Qu ln; khng gi trong gii hn hp l; thi qu; qu )
Ex: Alex kept my book for such an inordinate length of time that I shall never lend him anything
again.
(Alex gi quyn sch ca ti trong mt thi gian qu lu nh th nn ti s khng bao gi cho
hn mn bt c ci g na.)

8) I ota /[n]
/ai'out/
= (Ninth and smallest letter of the Greek alphabet) very small quantity; infinitesimal amount; bit
(Mu t th chn v nh nht trong mu t Hy Lp ) Khi lng nh; mt ming; mt mnh nh
Ex: If you make the same mistake again, despite all my warnings, I will not have one iota of
sympathy for you.
(Nu nh anh phm cng mt li lm nh th na mc d ti cnh co vi anh nhiu ln, ti s
khng dnh cho anh mt cht cm tnh no na. )

9) Magnitude /[n]
/'mgnitju /
= Size; greatness; largeness; importance
(Kch thc; s to ln; s rng ln; s quan trng )
Ex: Shopping for clothes can be a small matter for some, but a problem of the greatest magnitude
for others.
(i mua sm qun o c th l vn nh i vi mt s ngi, nhng l mt vn quan trng
ln lao nht i vi k khc.)

10) Picayune /[n,adj]
/,pikiju:n/
= Concerned with trifling matters; petty; small; of little value
(Ch s quan h n nhng vic nh nht; khng quan trng; khng c gi tr bao nhiu )
Ex: The trouble with your studying is that you spend too much time on picayune details and not
enough on the really important matters.
(iu phin h trong vic hc ca anh l anh dnh qu nhiu th gi vo nhng chi tit nh nht,
khng quan trng v khng th gi cho nhng vn tht s quan trng.)

11) Pittance /[n]
/'pitns/
= Small amount; meager wage or allowance
(S lng nh; tin lng hoc ph cp thp )
Ex: At those low wages, few will apply for the job. Who want to work for a pittance?
(Vi s lng thp , t ngi np n xin vic. Ai m mun lm vi s lng t i nh vy?)


11. Size, Quantity

1) Puny /adj/
/pju:ni/
= Slight or inferior in size, power, or importance; weak; insignificant
(Kch thc nh hoc thp hn, quyn lc hoc tm quan trng thp hn; yu; khng ngha; khng
ngha l g )
Ex: The skyscraper dwarfs the surrounding buildings. By comparison to it, they seem puny.
(Ton nh chc tri nh lm cho cc ton nh chung quanh tr nn b nh. So snh vi to nh chc
tri y, chng dng nh nh b.)

2) Superabundance /[n]
/,su r'bndns/
= Great abundance; surplus; excess
(Rt nhiu; tha; thng d; va qu mc )
Ex: Our committee doesnt need any more help. We have a superabundance of helpers.
(U ban ca chng ti khng cn thm s gip no na. Chng ti c qu nhiu ngi gip ri.)

12. Weakness

1) Debilitate /[v]
/dibiliteit/ [T tri ngha: invigorate ]
= Impair the strength of; enfeeble; weaken
(Lm gim sc mnh; lm yu i; lm mt sc. )
Ex: The patient had been so debilitated by the fever that he lacked the strength to sit up.
(Bnh nhn b yu i v cn st n ng ta khng sc ngi dy.)

2) Decadent /[adj,n]
/'dekdnt/
[T tri ngha: Flourishing /'flri/: Hng thnh ]
= Marked by decay or decline; falling off; declining; deteriorating
(Mc nt hoc suy tn; s sp ; s suy tn; lm cho xu i )
Ex: When industry moves away, a flourishing town may quickly become decadent.
(Khi ngnh k ngh di chuyn i ni khc, mt thnh ph ang phn thnh c th nhanh chng tr
nn mt ni suy tn.)

3) Decrepit /[adj]
/dikrepit/
[T tri ngha: Sturdy /'st i/: Vng chc, quyt tm ]
= Broken down or weakened by old age or use; worn out
(Sp hoc lm suy yu do tui gi hoc do s dng; ho mn i )
Ex: Billy Dawes rode past the redcoats on a horse that looked decrepit and about to collapse.
(Billy Dawes ci mt con nga trng m yu nh mun qu xung i ngang qua nhng ngi
lnh Anh mc o .)

4) Dilapidated [adj]
/di'lpideitid/

= Falling to pieces; decayed; partly ruined or decayed through neglect
(R ra tng mnh; mc nt; mt phn suy tn hoc mc nt v b hoang )
Ex: Up the road was an abandoned farmhouse, partially in ruins, and near it a barn, even more
dilapidated.
(Pha trn con ng l mt nng tri b hoang suy tn mt phn, v gn l mt nh kho li
cng tn t hn.)

5) Enervate /[v]
/'en:veit/
= Lessen the vigor or strength of; weaken; enfeeble
(Lm gim sinh lc hoc sc mnh; lm yu i; lm mt sc )
Ex: Enervate by the heat; we rested under a shady tree until our strength was restored.
(Mt l ngi v hi nng, chng ti ngh di mt gc cy c bong rm cho n khi kho tr li.)

6) Flimsy [adj]
/flimzi/
= Lacking strength or solidity; frail; unsubstantial
(Thiu sc mnh hoc s rn chc; mnh khnh; khng mnh, khng rn chc )
Ex: Judy understands algebra well, but I have only a flimsy grasp of the subject.
(Judy hiu bit i s tng tn, nhng ti ch c s hiu bit khng vng chc mn ny.)

7) Frail /[adj]
/freil/
[T tri ngha: robust /rou'bst/: cng trng ]
= Not very strong; weak; fragile
(Khng mnh; yu; mnh mai )
Ex: To be an astronaut, you must be in robust health. It is not an occupation for a frail person.
( tr thnh mt nh du hnh v tr, bn phi c sc kho cng trng. y khng phi l mt
ngh nghip dnh cho ngi yu ui.)

8) I ncapacitate /[t.verb]
/,ink'psiteit/
= Render incapable or unfit; disable
(Lm cho khng kh nng hoc khng thch nghi; lm cho tn tt )
Ex: Ruth will be absent today. She is incapacitated by a sore throat.
(Ruth s vng mt hm nay. C y khng lm vic c v au c hng.)

9) I nfirmity
/in'f:miti/
= Weakness; feebleness; frailty
(S yu ui; s mt sc; s mnh mai )
Ex: On leaving the hospital, the patient felt almost too weak to walk, but he soon overcame this
infirmity.
(Khi ri bnh vin, nhng ngi bnh y cm thy hu nh rt yu khng i b c, nhng khng
bao lu ng ta khc phc c s yu ui.)

18. Strength

1) Bulwark /[n]
/'bulwk/
= Wall-like defensive structure; rampart; defense; protection; safeguard
(Cu trc phng th nh bc tng; thnh lu; s phng v; s gi vng an ton yn n )

Ex: For centuries the British regarded their navy as their principal bulwark against invasion.
(T nhiu th k nay, ngi Anh xem hi qun ca h l bc tng thnh bo v chng s
xm lng.)

2) Citadel /'sitdl/
= Fortress; stronghold
(Pho i; thnh lu)
Ex: The fortified city of Singapore was once considered unconquerable. In 1942, however, this
citadel fell to the Japanese.
(Thnh ph pho i Singapore c mt thi c xem l khng th chinh phc c. Tuy nhin vo
nm 1942, thnh tr ny b sp i trc s tn cng ca ngi Nht.)

3) Cogent /[adj]
/'koudnt/
= Forcible; compelling; powerful; convincing
(Vng chc; c sc thuyt phc; thc y mnh m.)
Ex: Excuses for not handing work in on time vary. Some are flimsy, as, for example, I left it at
home. Others are more cogent, such as a physicians note.
(L do khng np bi ng thi hn th c nhiu v a dng. Mt vi trng hp th kh tin,
chng hn nh Ti b qun bi lm nh. Nhng l do khc th c sc thuyt phc hn chng
hn nh ra giy bo ca bc s.)

4) Dynamic /[adj,n]
/dai'nmik/
= Forceful; energetic; active
(Mnh m; y ngh lc; tch cc )
Ex: If you elect Audrey, you may be sure she will present our views forcefully and energetically. She
is a very dynamic speaker.
(Nu bn bu cho Audrey, bn c th chc chn rng c y s trnh by quan im ca chng ta
mnnh m v tch cc. C y l mt din gi rt nng ng.)

5) Formidable /[adj]
/'f:midbl/
= Exciting fear by reason of strength, size, difficulty, etc.; hard to overcome; to be dreaded
(Lm pht sinh s s hi do sc mnh, kch thc; s kh khn, kh khc phc, s hi.)
Ex: Our hopes for an easy victory sank when our opponents took the field. They were much taller
and huskier, and they looked formidable.
(Nim hy vng chin thng d dng ca chng ti chm xung khi cc i th ca chng ti tin ra
sn. H to con v mnh m hn nhiu, v h trng tht gh gm.)

6) Forte /[n]
/'f:ti/
= Strong point; that which one does with excellence
(im mnh; im xut sc )
Ex: I am better than Jack in English and social studies but not in math; that is his forte.
(Ti hn Jack mn ting Anh v cc mn x hi, nhng mn ton th khng. Mn l s trng
ca hn.)

7) I mpregnable /[adj]
/im'pregnbl/
= Incapable of being taken by assault; unconquerable; invincible
(Khng th tin cng m thng c; khng th chinh phc c; v ch )

Ex: Before World War II, the French regarded their Maginot Line as an impregnable bulwark
against a German invasion.
(Trc chin tranh th gii th 2, ngi Php coi phng tuyn Magino l thnh tr khng th chinh
phc c i vi cuc xm lng ca c.)

8) I nvigorate /[t.verb]
/in'vigreit/
= Give vigor to; fill with life and energy; animate; strengthen
(Mang sinh lc cho; lm cho y sc sng v ngh lc; lm cho sinh ng; lm cho mnh ln; tng
cng )
Ex: If you feel enervated by the heat, try a swim in the cool ocean. It will invigorate you.
(Nu anh cm thy trong ngi yu i v sc nng, hy th bi trong i dng mt m. Bin c s
tng cng sinh lc cho anh.)


(Page 218 -> 223 )

13. Strength

1) Robust /[adj]
/rou'bst/
[T tri ngha: Frail, feeble ]
= Strong and healthy; vigorous; sturdy; sound
(Mnh v y sc kho; mnh m; cng cp; kho mnh; trng kin )
Ex: The lifeguard was in excellent physical condition. I had never seen anyone more robust.
(Ngi cu h c mt th cht tuyt ho. Ti cha bao gi thy ai cng trng hn.)

2) Tenacious /[adj]
/ti'neis/
= Holding fast or tending to hold fast; not yielding; stubborn; strong
(Gan l; ngoan c; khng nhng b; bng bnh; mnh m )
Ex: After the dog got the ball, I tried to dislodge it from her tenacious jaws, but I couldnt.
(Sau khi con ch y ly c qu banh, ti c gng git li t hm rng cn cht ca n, nhng
khng ti no ly c.)

3) Vehement /[adj]
/'vi:mnt/
= Showing strong feeling; forceful; violent; furious
(By t cm xc mnh m; mnh; d di; mnh lit )
Ex: Your protest was too mild. If it had been more vehement, the dealer might have paid attention to
it.
(S phn i ca anh th qu n ho. Nu n mnh m hn th ngi thng lng hn ch
n.)

4) Vigor /[n]

/'vig/
= Active strength or force; strength; force; energy
(Sc mnh, tch cc; s cng trng; s mnh m; nng lc )
Ex: The robust young pitcher performed with his usual vigor for seven innings, but he weakened in
the eight and was removed from the game.
(Ngi nm bng tr tui cng trng nm bng vi sc mnh ca anh trong sut by hip, nhng
hip th tm anh nm yu i v b thay th trong trn u.)

14. Neglect

1) Default /[v,n]
/di'f:lt/
= Failure to do something required; neglect; negligence
(Khng th thc hin c mt vic g ; b cuc; s b cuc )
Ex 1: The Royals must be on the playinjg field by 4 p.m. If they do not appear, they will lose the
game by default.
(i Hong Gia phi c mt sn u lc 4 gi chiu. Nu h khng n, h s b thua v b cuc.)
= Fail to pay or appear when due
(Khng th tr tin c hoc khng hin din lc cn )
Ex 2: The finance company took away Mr. Lees car when he defaulted on the payments.
(Cng ty ti chnh ly xe ca ng Lee khi ng khng th tr c khon tin mua.)

2) Heedless /[adj]
/hi lis/
[T tri ngha: heedful, attentive]
= Not taking heed; inattentive; careless; thoughtless; unmindful; reckless
(Khng ch ; khng ; v v t; khng ch tm vo; u t )
Ex: Before his injury, Mike used to jump from the stairs, heedless of No Jumping sign. Now he
pays attention to it.
(Trc khi b thng, Mike vn thng nhy xung t trn cu thang, khng ch n bng ghi:
Cm Nhy. By gi th n ri.)

3) I gnore/ [v]
/ig'n:/
[T tri ngha: heed]
= Refuse to take notice of; disregard; overlook
(Khng thm ch ; khng quan tm; b qua )
Ex: The motorist was given a ticket for ignoring a stop sign.
(Ngi li xe y b pht v khng quan tm n bng yu cu dng li.)

4) I nadvertent /[adj]
/,ind'v:tnt/
= (Used to describe blunders, mistakes, etc., rather than people) heedless; thoughtless; careless
(Dng miu t nhng s sai lm ln lao, nhng li lm hn l con ngi ) v v t; cu th;
khng cn thn
Ex: Unfortunately, I made an inadvertent remark about Irmas failure while she was present.
(Tht l khng may, ti v ph bnh s tht bi ca Irma trong khi c ta c mt.)

5) Neglect /[v,n]
/niglekt/
= Give little or no attention to; leave undone; disregard
(t hoc khng ch n; xao lng - th khng lm; khng quan tm )

Ex 1: Some of the students in the play neglected their studies during rehearsals, but after the
performance they caught up quickly.
(Mt vi sinh vin trong v kch xao nhng vic nghin cu hc tp vai din trong lc tp dt
nhng sau khi trnh din h bt kp mt cch nhanh chng.)
= Lack of proper care or attention; disregard; negligence
(Thiu s ch hoc lu tm ng mc; khng ch ; b tr, b ph )
Ex 1: For leaving his post, the guard was charged with neglect of duty.
(Do ri b v tr, ngi lnh gc b buc ti xao lng nhim v.)

6) Remiss [adj]
/rimis/
[T tri ngha: Scrupulous]
= Negligent; careless; lax
(B tr; khng cn thn; khng quan tm; xao lng; bing tr )
Ex: The owner of the stolen car was himself remiss. He left the keys in the vehicle.
(Chnh ngi ch ca chic xe b nh cp khng cn thn. ng ta b qun cha kho trong
xe.)

7) Slovenly /[adj]
/'slvnli/
[T tri ngha: neat; tidy]
= negligent of neatness or order in ones dress, habits, work, etc.; slipshod; sloppy
(Nhch nhc li thi trong y phc, trong thi quen, trong cng vic, ; lum thum; khng cn thn
)
Ex: You would not expect anyone so neat in her personal appearance to be slovenly in her
housekeeping.
(Bn ng hng ngh rng mt ph n no rt gn gh trong y phc, din mo c nhn m li b
tr nhch nhc trong cng vic gia nh.)

15. Care

1) Discreet /[adj]
/diskri:t/
[T tri ngha: indiscreet]
= Showing good judgment in speech and action; wisely cautious
(C phn on tt trong li ni v hnh ng; cn thn mt cch khn ngoan )
Ex: You were discreet not to say anything about our plans when Harry was here. He cant keep a
secret.
(Bn cn thn ng ni bt c iu g v k hoch ca chng ta khi Harry c mt ni y. Hn
khng th gi b mt c u.)

2) Heed /[n,t.verb]
/hi /
= Take notice of; give careful attention to; mind
(Lu n; ch cn thn n; lu tm )
Ex: Our teacher said that we might have a test, but I didnt heed her. Thats why I was unprepared.
(C gio chng ti ni rng c l chng ti s thi mt bi trc nghim, nhng ti khng lu n
c ta. l l do ti sao ti khng c chun b.)

3) Meticulous /[adj]
/mi'tikjuls/
= Extremely or excessively careful about small details; fussy

(Cc k hoc rt cn thn v nhng chi tit nh; cu k, kiu cch v ch n chi tit nh )
Ex: Before signing a contract, one should read it carefully, including the fine print. This is one case
where it pays to be meticulous.
(Trc khi k hp ng, ngi ta phi c cn thn hp ng bao gm c nhng iu khon c in bng ch nh. y l
mt trng hp m s ch chi li s b ra c li. )

4) Scrupulous /[adj]
/'skru juls/
[T tri ngha: Unscrupulous, remiss]
= Having painstaking regard for what is right; conscientious; strict; precise
(Rt quan tm n nhng g l phi l ng; c lng tri, lng tm; cht ch; chnh xc, nghim
ngt )
Ex: Mr. Brooks refused to be a judge because his wifes niece is a contestant. He is very scrupulous.
(ng Brooks t chi ng vai ngi thm nh bi v chu gi v ng l mt ngi d tranh. ng l
mt ngi rt nghim ngt.)

5) Scrutinize /[t.verb]
/skru:tinaiz/
= Examine closely; inspect
(Xem xt cn thn; khm xt )
Ex: The guard at the gate scrutinized Harveys pass before letting him in, but he just glanced at
mine.
(Ngi gc cng xem xt cn thn giy php cho vo ca Harvey trc khi cho hn vo, nhng
ng ta ch lic qua giy cho php ca ti.)

6) Solicitude /[n]
/s'lisitju /
= Anxious or excessive care; concern; anxiety
(Lo u hoc qu cn thn; s lo u; lo lng )
Ex: My brothers solicitude over getting into college ended when he received word that he had been
accepted.
(Nim lo u ca em trai ti v vic c vo i hc chm dt khi n c giy bo rng n
c chp nhn.)

7) Vigilance /[n]
/'vidilns/
= Alert watchfulness to discover and a void danger; alertness; caution; watchfulness
(S cnh gic nhanh chng pht hin v trnh c nguy him; s bo ng; s cn thn;
phng theo di )
Ex: The night watchman who apprehended the thief was praised for his vigilance.
(Ngi gc m canh chng trm cp c khen l rt cnh gic.)

8) Wary /[adj]
/'weri/
[T tri ngha: Foolhardy]
= On ones guard against danger, deception, etc.; cautious; vigilant
(Cn thn phng nguy him, la gt ; cn thn; cnh gic )
Ex: General Braddock might not have been defeated if he had been wary of an ambush.
(i tng Braddock c l khng b nh bi nu nh ng y cnh gic i vi cuc phc kch.)


1) Adequate /[adj]
/'dikwit/
= Sufficient, enough
( )
Ex 1: I have no adequate money to pay for the tuition of this semester. Part time job can help me
solve this problem, so I cannot quit it.
(T khng c tin tr hc ph cho hc k ny. Cng vic ngoi gi c th gip t gii quyt v
ny v vy m khng b c.)
= Appropriate, suitable
(Tng ng, thch hp )
Ex 2: Write down a letter A, B, C, or D into adequate blank.
(n A, B, C, hoc D vo ch trng thch hp )

2) Financial aid /[n]
/fai'nnl eid/
= Scholarship, financial grant
(Hc bng, tin tr cp )
Ex: If you try your best to study and get the highest scores, you can get financial aid to pay for your
tuition.
(Nu nh c gng hc v t c im s cao nht, bn s c th ly c hc bng trang tri
hc ph.)

3) Mandatory /[adj]
/'mndtri/
= Obligatory, compulsory, required
(Bt buc, p buc )
Ex: Primary education is mandatory program.
(Gio dc bc tiu hc l mt chng trnh mang tnh bt buc.)

4) Heading in /[v]
= Coming
(p ti )
Ex: A strong storm is heading in into our city.
(Cn bo ang p n thnh ph ca chng ta.)

5) Harp /[n]
/ha /
= Ci n hc (Dng c m nhc )
Ex: We need one more instrumentalist for our band. Can you play the harp?
(Chng ti cn thm mt nhc cng cho bang nhc ca chng ti. Bn chi n hc c khng?)

6) Cab /[n]
/kb/
= Taxi
Ex: Hurry up! The cab driver is waiting. You let him wait about a half hour already.
(Nhanh ln coi! ng ti x taxi ang ch ka. Em ng ch chc cng c na ting ng h ri
.)

7) Recital / [n]
/risaitl/
= Performance
(Bui trnh din )
Ex: Yesterday, I went to the Music recital at City theatre.
(Hm qua ti i xem bui trnh din m nhc ti nh ht thnh ph.)

8) Defendant /[n]
/di'fendnt/
= Accused
(B co )
Ex: The judge called the defendant a murderer.
(To n phn b co l k git ngi.)

9) I nfuriated /[adj]
/in'fjurieitid/
= Angry, furious
(Tc gin, ni in ln )
Ex: My teacher was infuriated with Jack, a boisterous student in my class.
(Gio vin ca ti pht in ln vi Jack, mt cu hc tr ph phch ca lp ti.)

10) Exaggeration /[n]
/ig,zd'rein/
= The act of making something more noticeable than usual.
(Hnh ng ca vic lm ci g c ch nhiu hn bnh thng )
Ex: It would be an exaggeration to say that we are enemies. We just extremely hate each other.
(Qu cng iu/ phng i ni rng chng ti l k th ca nhau. Chng ti ch l ght cay ght
ng nhau m thi.)

11) I ntriguing /[adj]
/in'tri:gi/
= Fascinating, interesting, exciting
(Hp dn, li cun )
Ex: Dont be an intriguing girl if you do not want to be an object of some jealous girls and boys.
(ng t ra l mt c gi li cun nu nh bn mun khng tr thnh mc tiu ca mt s a con
gi hay ghanh t v m con trai. [cng lp ])

12) Latitude /[n]
/'ltitju /
= V
Ex: (T sch ) The North Pole has a latitude of 90 degrees north.
(Min bc Pole nm trong v tuyn 90 bc.)

13) Coral reefs / [n]
/'krlfi/
= Di san h
Ex: Nemos dad, a clown fish that lives in a peaceful coral reefs, rush into dangers of boundless
ocean to find his only son.
(Cha ca Nemo, mt con c h sng trong mt rng san h thanh bnh, lao vo nhng nguy him
ca i dng bao la tm li a con c nht ca mnh.)

14) Vulcanize /[v]
/'vlknaiz/
= Lu ho
Ex: (T sch ) Rubber produced from vulcanized silicones with a high molecular weight is difficult
to distinguish.
(Nhng cao su m c sn xut bng cch lu ho silicone khi b qua khi lng phn t th kh
m phn bit vi cao su t nhin.)

15) Scope /[n]
/skoup/
= Phm vi, tm (kin thc ).
Ex: That he said I was a lie made me furious. I promised that I would help him willingly if his
problems were in my scope. Resuscitating his mom is not my job, said two genies chat to each other
about their masters in the bar.
(Ci v m ng ta gi ti l k di tr lm ti tc in ln c. Ti ha l s sn sng gip
nu vn ca ng y nm trong phm vi ca ti. Lm cho m ng sng li u phi vic ca ti,
hai thn n tn gu vi nhau trong qun bia v ng ch ca mnh.)

16) Neoclassical /[adj]
/,niu'klsikl/
= Tn c in
Ex: My roommate and I have a contrast in hobbies. For example, I love smooth music, neoclassical
whereas she loves dance music, rock.
(Bn cng phng ca ti v ti c nhng s thch tri ngc nhau. V d, ti th thch dng nhc m
du, nh nhc tn c in trong khi c li khoi loi nhc git, nh rock.)

17) Quarantine /[n,v]
/'kwrnti:n/
= S cch ly, s kim dch
Ex: In the height of H1N1 flu epidemic, he should have been in quarantine if he had not said he is
working at Tn Sn Nht airport.
(Trong thi khc cao im ca dch cm H1N1 ny, anh ta ng l khng trong tnh trng cch
ly nu nh anh ta khng ni mnh lm vic trong sn bay Tn Sn Nht.)

18) Sirius /[n]
/'siris/
= Thin lang tinh
Ex: Sirius, the Dog Star, is the brightest start in the sky with an absolute magnitude about twenty-
three times that of the Sun.
(Thin lang tinh, hay cn gi l Dog Star, l ngi sao sng nht trn bu tri vi ln gp 23 ln
ln ca mt tri.)

19) Preclude /[v]
/priklu /
= Prevent
(Ngn nga)
Ex: We cannot preclude she from demolishing our town even though we tried, said Jane Tom
asked: Who is she? Jane answered: She is a storm. Her name is Anila.
(Chng ti khng th ngn chn vic c ta ph hu th trn ca chng ti d c Jane ni Tom
hi: C y l ai? Jane tr li: C ta l mt cn bo. Tn c y l Anila. )

20) Renewal /[n]

/ri'nju:l/
= Restoration
(S khi phc, s trng tu )
Ex: Renewal of ancient houses is a challenge job.
(Vic trng tu li nhng cn nh c xa l mt cng vic y th thch.)

POSTED BY thanhtruc_panda

1) Flawless /'fl:lis/ (adjective)
= Perfect
(Hon ho, hon m )
Ex: Using our cosmetic, you can be a flawless girl.
(S dng m phm ca chng ti, bn c th tr thnh mt c gi hon ho.)

2) Unequalled /n'i:kwld/ (adjective)
= Unparalleled
(V song)
Ex: This restaurant gave unequalled service.
(Ci nh hng ny c phong cch phc v khng ni no snh kp )

3) Reject /'ri ekt/ (t. verb)
= Turn down, refuse
(T chi, bc b )
Ex: He rejected all my advices and did the things that I warned not to do.
(Hn b ngoi tai nhng li khuyn ca ti v lm nhng g m ti cnh bo l ng c lm.)
= Deny hotly, turn down
Ex: Our god was rejected by his most intimate disciple.
(Thin cha ca chng ta b chi b bi ngi mn than cn nht ca ngi.) [T nhin qun mt
ng l ng no ri ^-^ ]

4) Delighted /dilaitid/ (adjective)
= Glad, happy, pleased
(Vui mng, hnh phc, hi lng )
Ex: Jack is an unambitious man. He is always delighted at his scores even though they have never
higher than C.
(Jack l mt ngi khng c hoi bo/ khng c ch cu tin. Cu ta lun tho mn vi cc im s
ca mnh mc d chng cha bao gi t n im B
-
.)

5) Spectacular /spek'tkjul/ (adjective)
= Excellent
(Xut sc, ngon mc )
Ex: She is an extraordinary student. Her spectacular speeches always persuade and attract her
audience.
(C y l mt sinh vin c bit. Nhng bi thuyt trnh xut sc ca c lun thuyt phc v li cun
ngi nghe.)
(L, 14)
6) Gravity /'grviti/ (noun)
= Gravitational force, force of gravity
(Lc ht )
Ex: If our planet has no gravity, we cannot stand on the earth.

(Nu nh hnh tinh ca chng ta khng c lc hp dn, chng ta khng th ng trn mt t.)

7) Distort /dis't:t/ (t. verb)
= Bp mo, xuyn tc.
Ex: Why dont you believe me? Marry is not a good person. She distorts everything what I did.
(Sao anh khng tin ti ch? Marry khng phi ngi tt u. C y xuyn tc tt c nhng g ti
lm.)

Erratic /i'rtik/ (adjective, noun)
= Irregular, abnormal
(Khng theo quy lut, khng bnh thng, tht thng )
Ex: A: The weather on Everest mountain is erratic like your girl friends character. B: Really?
Thats horrible! I dont think I want to visit it.
(A: Thi tit Everest tht thng nh l tnh kh ca bn gi my vy. B: Thit h? Khinh
khng vy! Thi chc khi n lun qu.

9) Deluge with /'delju / (verb)
= Trn ngp
Ex: How dare you go into Jacksons room? It is deluged with dirty food and clothe. I often get sick
when I go past it.
(Sao cu dm vo phng ca Jackson vy? N trn ngp thc n v qun o d bn. T pht bnh
khi i ngang qua ci phng .)

10) Prairie /'preri/ (noun)
= Grassland, steppe
(ng c, tho nguyn )
Ex: My dream house must be located on a boundless prairie where is peaceful, quiet place and has
many animals and flowers.
(Ngi nh m c ca ti s nm mt vng tho nguyn bao la mt ni thanh bnh, yn v c
nhiu mung th v hoa l - c cy.)

11) Roughly /'rfli/ (adjective)
= Approximately, closely
(Xp x, gn nh )
Ex: That dress costs roughly 20.000 VND.
(Ci o xp x 20.000 ng.)

12) Requisite /rekwizit/ (adjective, noun)
= Necessary
(Cn thit, thit yu )
Ex: Check your baggage to make sure that you do not leave things requisite for travel.
(Kim tra hnh l trc khi i chc rng bn khng b qun ci g cn thit cho chuyn i.)

13) Allegiance to somebody /'li ns/ (noun)
= lng trung thnh
Ex: (T in ) These musketeers pledged full allegiance to their dynasty.
(Nhng chng ng lm ny nguyn trung thnh vi triu i ca h.)

14) Trigger /'trig/ (verb)
= Cause
(Gy ra )
Ex: Not only air pollution but also noise pollution can trigger some negative effect on citizens
health.

(Khng ch nhim khng kh, nhim ting n cng gy ra mt vi nh hng xu n sc khe
ca ngi dn thnh th.)

15) Mandate /'mndeit/ (noun, verb)
= Confide something to somebody, entrust something to somebody, delegate something to somebody
(U nhim, u thc )
Ex: Mom and dad mandated me to be a leader of this house while they are visiting our grandmas
house. You and Max have to obey all my order, said Justin.
(Justin ni: Ba v m u thc quyn cho anh lm ch ca ci nh ny trong khi c hai n thm b
ca chng ta. Em v Mad phi tun th theo nhng g anh sai bo .&rdquo

16) Reservoir /'rezvw:/ (noun)
= Ngun cung cp hoc tch tr ln v ci g .
Ex: Moglin is a reservoir of knowledge. He knows everything. Ask him any question and you will
see I do not exaggerate.
(Moglin l mt kho kin thc. ng ta bit mi th. Th hi bt k cu hi no xem v bn s thy l
tui khng h phng i s vic t no.)

17) Loom /lu:m/ (verb)
= Hin ra l m
Ex: When Wendy half opened her eyes, Peter Pans shadow loomed.
(Khi Wendy h m mt nhn, bng ca Peter Pan hin ra l m (trc mt c ).

1 Spawning /'sp:ni/ (noun)
= S trng, thi gian trng.
Ex: (T sch ) Kokanee salmon begin to deteriorate and die soon after spawning at the age of four.
(C hi Kokanee bt u kit sc v cht i sau s vt cn khi c 4 nm tui.)

19) Artifact /':tifkt/ (noun)
= Artefact
(To tc )
Ex: Nuclear weapon is one of the most dangerous artifacts that human created.
(V kh ht nhn l mt trong nhng to tc nguy him nht m con ngi to ra.)

20) Mussel /'msl/ (noun) [Khc vi muscles /'msl /: c bp]
= Con trai. (Ci con m lm ra ngc trai )
Ex: I wonder how ugly mussels can create such exquisite gems.
(Ti thc mc l ti sao loi trai xu x nh vy li c th to ra nhng vin ngc tuyt p n th.)


1) Preferential /,pref'renl/ (adjective)
= Concessionary
(u i )
Ex: Students who is younger than fifteen years old can enjoy 15% preferential price in every game
of our leisure center.
(Nhng hc sinh t 15 tui tr xung c hng gi u i 15% cho mi tr chi ti khu gii tr
ca chng ti.)

2) Overlook /,ouv'luk/ (t. verb)
= Miss out

(B qua, b st )
Ex: People say it sometimes extremely dangerous that you overlook some details in a contract.
(Ngi ta ni l i lc s rt nguy him nu nh ta b st mt vi chi tit trong bn hp ng.)

3) Observatory /b'z:vtri/ (noun)
= Watch-tower, turret
(i quan st, thp canh )
Ex: In the observatory, a young soldier did not pay attention to his task. His heart and mind put on a
love-letter he wrote to his girl friend.
(Trn i quan st, ngi lnh tr khng ch tm n nhim v ca mnh. Tm tr anh ang dn ht
vo l th t anh gi cho ngi con gi anh yu.)

4) Replenish /ri'pleni/ (t. verb)
= Lm y li
Ex: Tom used water to replenish a milk bottle to cover his crime, eating on the sly.
(Tom ly nc lm y li chai sa che du ti li ca mnh, l n vng.)

(G, 19)

5) Potassium /p'tsim/ (noun)
= Kali [nguyn t ho hc ]
Ex: Potassium, a chemical element was disconnected from KOH, was found by Sir Humphry Davy
in 1807.
(Kali, nguyn t ho hc tch ra t mui Carbonat Kali, c ng Sir Humphry Davy tm ra vo
nm 1807.)

6) Legislation /,ledis'lein/ (noun)
= Vic lp php, php lut, php ch
Ex: (T in ) New legislation is to be introduced to help single-parent families.
(Lut mi s c a ra gip cc gia nh ch cn b hoc m.)

7) Lacrimal gland /'lkriml glnd/ (noun)
= Lachrymal gland
(Tuyn l )
Ex: (T sch ) Located behind each eyelid are the two lacrimal glands.
(Nm 2 bn m mt l 2 tuyn l.)

Carnation /k:'nein/ (noun)
= Sweet William, pinks, gilliflower
(Hoa cm chng )
Ex: My princess loves a graceful carnation more than exquisite roses.
(Nng cng cha ca ti yu thch cnh hoa Cm Chng thanh t hn l nhng o hoa hng
kiu sa.)

(G, 20)

9) Dartboard /'d:tb / (noun)
= Tm bia chi tr phng phi tiu
Ex: Bob: Wow! How fast you are! How can you evade all the eggs that we throw into your place?
Cody: Well, there is nothing special. When my brother is mad at me, he considers me as a
dartboard. Therefore, my reflection is perfect.

(Bob: Tri, sao cu nhanh th! Sao m n c ht nhng qu trng m chng ti nm v pha cu
vy? Cody: , cng chng c g c bit. Khi anh ca t gin ln, nh thng dng t nh ci
bia phng phi tiu. V vy m kh nng phn x ca t l tuyt ho.

10) Brainwave /'brein'weiv/ (noun)
= Sudden inspiration, impromptu
(Ngu hng, tng hay bt cht )
Ex: Tod: Ask him. As usual, he likes a silly but sometime he has a brain-wave. Riley: Ok, lets
wing it! I have no choice
(Tod: Hi anh ta th xem. Bnh thng th y y ging nh mt tn ngc nhng i lc anh ta cng
c nhng tng hay bt cht . Riley: Thi c, liu vy! Ch ch cng chng cn s la
chn no khc.&rdquo

11) Manuscript /'mnjuskript/ (noun) [Vit tt l: MS]
= Bn vit tay
Ex: A manuscript letter with a good handwriting often touches your lovers more easily than a typed
one.
(Mt l th vit tay s lm cho nhng ngi thn yu ca bn cm ng hn l mt bc c nh
my.)

12) Elaborate /i'lbrit/ (adjective)
= Meticulous, painstaking
(T m, chu kh )
Ex: Processing jewelry is the work involves an elaborate character/ elaboration.
(Gia cng trang sc l mt cng vic i hi mt tnh cch t m/ s t m.)

13) Osteoporosis /,stip'rsis/ (noun)
= A condition in which your bones lose calcium and become more likely to break.
(Tnh trng xng b thiu ht canxi v tr nn d gy hn = Chng long xng )
Ex: Use our product, Anlen, to preclude osteoporosis.
(Hy ung Anlen ngn nga long xng.)

14) Fortify /'f:tifai/ (t. verb)
= Reinforce, strengthen, consolidate
(Cng c, lm cho vng chc, lm cho mnh thm.)
Ex: Before had had a real competition, Shan shogun had to spend a long time to fortify his defeated
army.
(Trc khi tham chin v mt trn u tht s, tng qun Shan phi b ra mt thi gian di
chnh n li m bi qun ca mnh ci .)

15) Cyclical /'saiklikl/ (adjective)
= Cyclic
(Tun hon, theo chu k )
Ex: (T sch ) The growth of hair is a cyclical process, with phases of activity and inactivity.
(Qu trnh mc tc l mt qu trnh tun hon, vi giai on ng v ngh.)

(G, 26)

16) Precise /prisais/ (adjective)
= Exact, clear
(Chnh xc, r rng )
Ex: (T sch )One difference between mathematics and language is that mathematic is precise while
language is not.

(C s khc bit gia ton v ngn ng l ton th r rng trong khi ngn ng th khng.)

17) Grizzly bear /'grizli be/ (noun)
= Gm xm Bc-M
Ex: People assume grizzly bears rubs their backs against the tree trunk to scratch them but the truth
is by doing that do they communicate with the other. [Dng cu trc ch t gi nn rub sau grizzly
bears chia s t. V cu trc o ng v c cm gii t a ln trc: by doing that ]
(Ngi ta tng rng nhng con gu xm Bc M c xt lng ca chng vo thn cy l gi
nga nhng s tht l chng lm nh vy giao tip vi nhng con gu khc.)

1 Timber wolf /'timb'wulf/ (noun)
= Ch si rng
Ex: (T sch ) The coyote is somewhat smaller in size than a timber wolf.
(Ch si ng c th c kch thc nh hn lai ch si sng rng.)

19) Casualty /'kjulti/ (noun)
= Person who die in accident
(Ngi t vong, ngi t nn )
Ex: All passengers on A330-200 flight, belong to Air France airport, became the most famous
casualties after that destiny flight was in danger with terrible storm on Atlantic Ocean.
(Tt c hnh khch trn chuyn bay A330-200, thuc hng Air France, bin thnh nhng ngi t
nn c bit n nhiu nht sau khi chuyn bay nh mnh gp bb trong cn bo khng khip
khi bay ngang qua vng i Ty Dng.)

20) Aerospace /'erouspeis/ (noun)
= Khng gian v tr.
Ex: Cosmography is a science researching on aerospace.
(V tr hc l mt mn khoa hc nghin cu v khng gian v tr.)


1) Cuticle // (noun)
= Waterproof covering
(Lp ph khng thm nc, lp biu b )
Ex: (Sch ) Most leaves are coated with a waterproof covering or cuticle.
(Hu ht nhng chic l c bao ph bi mt lp mng khng thm nc hay cn gi l lp biu
b.)

2) Evaporate // (verb)
= Bay hi, lm bay hi
Ex: (T in ) Heat evaporates water into stream.
(Nhit lm nc bc hi.)

3) Volatile // (adjective)
= D bay hi
Ex: Camphor is a volatile substance. In a normal atmosphere pressure, changes solid into gas.[Cu
ny t by b ch khng bit ng sai. Ch ci: a normal atmosphere pressure]
(Long no l mt loi vt cht d bay hi. Trong iu kin bnh thng ca p sut khng kh, long
no chuyn t th rn sang th kh.)

4) Pollen //

= (Noun) Anther-dust
(Phn hoa)
Ex: Pollen is tiny durst located on a stamen of a flower.
(Phn hoa l nhng ht bi nh trn nh ca mt bng hoa.)

5) Stamen // (noun) [Khc vi: Pistil // = Nhu hoa ( hoa c )]
= Nhi hoa ( hoa ci )
Ex: We can recognize a male flower by depending on its pistil. While a female flower has many
stamens, a male has only pistil.
(Ta c th phn bit c hoa c da vo nhu ca n. Trong khi hoa ci c rt nhiu nh th hoa
c ch c mt nhu duy nht.)

6) Smith // (noun)
= Blacksmith, blacksmithing
(Th rn )
Ex: Hephaistos, who is a weapon smith on Olymper peak, is Zeus and Heras son.
(Hephaistos, ngi th rn v kh trn nh Olymper, l con trai ca thn Zeus v Hera.)

7) Intrepid /intrepid/ (adjective)
= Dauntless, valiant
(Gan d, dng cm )
Ex: An intrepid fox overcame his fear to rescues his friend from a fierce bear.
(Con co dng cm vt qua ni s ca mnh cu mt ngi bn khi con gu hung tn.)

Fierce // (adjective)
= Ferocious, cruel
(D tn, hung c ) [Cruel cn c ngha: him ngho, tn khc, thm khc ]
Ex: We will never have a life of comfort with such a fierce king and a wretched dynasty.
(Chng ta s khng bao gi c mt cuc sng m no vi mt v vua tn bo v mt triu i c hn
nh th ny c.)

9) Wretched // (adjective)
= Pathetic
(Bt hnh, thm hi, ti t )
Ex: Estiban: Do you like that restaurant? Cody: Well, the service is good but the food is really
wretched.
(Estiban: Bn c thch ci nh hng khng? Cody: th, phong cch phc v th kh tt
nhng thc n th cc k ti.)

= ng ght (Dng biu l s bc mnh )
Ex: (T in ) The wretched car wont start!
(Ci xe hi cht tit ny khng chu nhc nhch!)

10) Rigorous // (adjective)
= Strict, stern, stringent
(Nghim khc, kht khe, nghim ngt )
Ex: Rigorous discipline may help the people who are addicted to game online changes their life
style.
(K lut thp c th gip nhng ngi nghin tr chi trc tuyn thay i li sng ca mnh.)

= Severe, harsh
(Khc nghit )

Ex: Even though deserts have rigorous climate, many kinds of animals and plants consider those
place wonderful residences.
(Mc d sa mc c kh hu khc nghit, nhiu loi ng vt v thc vt xem nhng ni y nh mt
ni tuyt vi ca mnh.)

11) Tarnish // (t. verb, i. verb)
= Blacken, go black and dark
(B m i, xn i )
Ex: (T in ) Mirrors that have tarnished with age.
(Nhng chic gng b m i vi thi gian.)

12) Opaque // (adjective)
= M c, khng trong sut
Ex: Son: Look at me. Look at my opaque glasses. I cannot see you face. Mom: What did you
do? Son: I look at a steaming boiler.
(Cu con trai: M nhn con n. Mt knh ca con b m i, gi con khng thy ci mt ca m u
lun. - M: Con lm g vy? - Cu con trai: Con nhn vo ni nc ang bc hi.&rdquo

13) Interrelate // (i. verb)
= C quan h vi nhau, tng quan vi nhau.
Ex: (T in ) Poverty, backwardness and injustice interrelateclosely.[Tin t: Inter- = between]
(Ngho i, lc hu v bt cng c quan h cht ch vi nhau.)

14) Flea /fli:/ (noun)
= A wingless parasitic insect noted for ability to leap
(Loi cn trng khng c cnh sng k sinh ni ting vi kh nng nhy = Con b cht )
Ex: Fleas are one of many external parasites of mammals and birds.
(B cht l mt trong nhiu loi sng k sinh trn c th ng vt c v v chim chc.)

15) Relief /rili:f/ (noun)
= Solace, alleviation
(S gim nh, s khuy kho )
Ex: After his wifes death, he roamed everywhere to help some relief from sorrowful memories.
(Sau ci cht ca v ng ta, ng i khp ni gip ng gim bt phn no nhng k c au bun.)

16) Consumption // (noun)
= Vic tiu th, s tiu th
Ex: (Sch ) Current health guidelines recommend that people restrict their consumption of foods
high in fat.
(Ngi hng dn v sc kho khuyn mi ngi nn hn ch li sc tiu th thc n c hm lng
cht bo cao.)

17) Gauge // (t. verb)
= To judge how people feel about something or what they are likely to do
(nh gi, phn on )
Ex: (T in ) I looked at Chris, trying to gauge his reaction.
(Ti quan st Chris, c phn on phn ng ca anh ta th no.)

1 Hub of the universe (noun)
= Trung tm ca v tr, rn ca v tr.
Ex: Thats the last straw. Gotta go now. I cant stand such a person who always wants to make
oneself a hub of the universe like you.

( lm ri. Ti i y. Ti khng th chu ng mt ngi lun xem mnh l trung tm ca v tr
nh bn c na.)

19) Livestock // (noun)
= Pet
(Vt nui, th nui )
Ex: This pig is you pet? When I was in Radiato Spring, my livestock are not only pigs but also cows
and sheep.
(Con ln ny l th cng ca cu sao? Khi t cn th trn Radiato Spring, nhng con th nui ca
t khng ch c ln m cn c b v cu na ka.)

IELTS VOCABULARY - WEEK 20

1) Astound / s'taund/ (verb)
= Surprise
(Gy kinh ngc, lm sng s )
Ex: Newt: That my girl friend got marriage astounded me. What I gotta do?
(Newt: Vic ngi ti yu ly chng lm ti sng st. Ti phi lm g y?&rdquo

2) Undergo / ,nd'gou/ (t. verb)
= Bear, experience
(Chu ng, tri qua )
Ex: Becoming his wife, I know my life will not good as normal womens. I must undergo hard
trials. But I content myself with that life.
(Tr thnh v ca anh, ti bit rng ri cuc i ca mnh s khng tt p nh nhng ngi ph n
khc. Ti phi tri qua nhiu th thch gian nan. Nhng vn ti cam tm theo anh.)

3) Myriad / 'mirid/ (noun)
= Innumerable, countless, numberless
(Hng h sa s, v s )
Ex: We have myriad styles for you to choose. Which one do you want?
(Chng ti c v s mu m cho bn la chn. Bn thch ci no?)

4) Evolve / i'vlv/ (i. verb)
= Undergo development or evolution
(Tri qua mt qu trnh pht trin hoc tin ho = Tin ho )
Ex: Eliot: Can you believe human evolved from man ape? Mimi: Thats horrible!
(Eliot: Cu c tin l loi ngi chng ta tin ho t loi vn ngi khng? Mimi: Sao m gh
qu vy&rdquo

5) Vertebrate / 'v:tibreit/
= (noun) Animals having a bony with segmented spinal column and large brain enclosed in a skull or
cranium.
(Loi ng vt c nhiu xng vi t sng dc v mt ci no ln c bao bc bi hp s )
Ex: A jellyfish is not a vertebrate.
(Sa khng phi l loi ng vt c xng sng.)
= (adjective) Having a backbone or spinal column
(C xng sng )
Ex: Fish are vertebrate animal.
(C l loi ng vt c xng sng.)

6) Durable / 'djurbl/ (adjective)
= Enduring, lasting

(Lu bn, trng cu )
Ex: I do not want my life is to be durable.
(Ti khng mun cuc i ca ti c ko di mi.)

7) Locomotion / ,louk'moun/ (noun)
= Movement
(S di ng, s vn ng )
Ex: Continents are the result of tectonics locomotion.
(Cc lc a l kt qu ca s vn ng kin to.)

Exert / ig'z:t/ (verb)
= Use, apply
(S dng, ng dng )
Ex: He exerted all his knowledge and abilities to find out the truth.
(Anh ta vn dng ht nhng kin thc v kh nng ca mnh tm ra s tht.)

9) Assemblage / 'semblid/ (noun)
= A group of things collected together.
(S su tp, s tp hp, b su tp )
Ex: I used to watch a movie that told about a killers horrible hobby. His assemblage is his girl
friends heads. They were preserved in a freeze machine.
(Ti tng xem mt b phim v mt s thch kinh d ca mt tn st nhn. B su tp ca hn l
nhng chic u ca nhng ngi bn gi hn quen. Chng c bo qun trong mt ci t cp
ng.)

10) Immune /imju:n/ (adjective)
= A person who is immune to particular infection
(Ngi c min nhim khi bnh ly nhim )
Ex: That little girl is the only immune who can fight back aliens' poison.
(C b y l ngi duy nht min nhim vi cht ng ca ngi ngoi hnh tinh.)

11) Improvisation / ,imprvai'zei/ (noun)
= The changing of a musical phrase according to the players inspiration.
(Khc tc hng, s thay i cch din t m nhc tu theo cm hng ca ngi chi nhc )
Ex: (T sch ) Improvisation is one of two characteristics which distinguish jazz from other dance
music.
(Khc tc hng l mt trong hai nt c trng gip phn bit c nhc Jazz v nhng loi nhc
khiu v khc.)

12) Rhythmic / 'rimik/ (adjective)
= C nhp iu, nhp nhng
Ex: A rhythmic drive is the rest of two characteristics distinguish jazz from other dance music.
(S chuyn ng nhp nhng l yu t cn li ca c trng gip phn bit nhc jazz vi nhng loI
nhc khiu v khc.)

13) Consciously / 'knsli/ (adverb)
= Purposely
(Mt cch c thc, ch nh, ch tm )
Ex: (T sch ) A musician consciously departs from strict meter to create a relaxed sense of
phrasing that also emphasizes the underlying rhythms.
(Nhc gia i trch mt cch c thc khi nhng thc o nguyn l kht khe to ra nhng
tit nhc th thi cng nh nhn mnh ci nn cn bn ca nhp iu.)

14) Unadorned / ,n'd:nd/ (adjective)
= Plain, simple
(Khng t im, khng trang tr, n gin )
Ex: Emma Watson has an unadorned beauty. Unlike most of actresses, hardly, she hardly
has scandal to improve her reputation.
(Emma Watson c mt v p n gin - t nhin. Khng ging nh nhng n din vin khc, hu
nh c y khng c mt v b bi [t to] no khuych trng s ni ting ca c.)

15) Enable /ineibl/ (t. verb)
= Become able to do something, help, allow
(C kh nng lm ci g , gip , cho php )
Ex: This imitate near-sighted glasses will enable me to look at your test paper easily.
(Cp knh cn gi ny c th gip t lic bi ca cu mt cch d dng.)

16) Considerable / kn'sidrbl/ (adjective)
= Much, remarkable, significant, extraordinary
(To tt, ng k, ln lao, phi thng )
Ex: Do not say any thing like that. What you have done has considerable meaning.
(ng ni nh vy ch. Tt c nhng g em lm u c ngha to ln [i vi chng ti])

17) Linger / 'lig/ (t. verb)
= Leave slowly and hesitantly
(Ri khi mt cch chm chp v do d; nn n, chn ch )
Ex: Lingering at hometown after Tet holiday is one of Vietnameses styles.
(Nn n li nh sau k ngh Tt Nguyn n l mt trong nhng phong cch ca ngi Vit
Nam.)

1 Grasshopper / 'gra:shp/ (noun)
= Terrestrial plant-eating insect with hind legs adapted for leaping
(Mt loi cng trng n cy c sng trn mt t vi chn su ph hp vi vic nhy, con chu chu
)
Ex: Grasshopper pandemic is one of ten Gods furies that laid on Pharaohs people.
(Trn dch chu chu l mt trong 10 cn thnh n ca thin cha ging xung thn dn ca vua
Pharaon.)

19) Hail /heil/ (noun)
= Ma
Ex: I have never seen a hail.
(Ti cha bao gi nhn thy mt trn ma no c.)


1) Exceed /iksi / (verb)
= Surpassed, to have more than
(C nhiu hn )
Ex: I just need someone to talk with but what my puppy has done exceed what I hope.
(Ti ch cn c ai tm s nhng nhng g ch cn con ca ti lm cn nhiu hn c nhng
g ti mong i.)

2) Rigid / 'ridid/ (adjective)
= Firm, steady, solid
(Rn chc, vng vng, vng chc )

Ex: Even though most of ancient French villas were not built with concrete, they are still rigid
architectures now.
(Mc d l nhng to c thi Php khng c xy dng bng xi-mng, chng vn l nhng cng
trnh kin trc vng chc cho ti ngy nay.)

3) Adversity / d'v:siti/ (noun)
= A very difficult or unfavorable situation
(Mt tnh hung kh khn hoc khng thun li; nghch cnh )
Ex: Marys life is a chain of adversities.
(Cuc i ca Mary l mt chui nhng nghch cnh.)

4) Feasible / 'fi:zbl/ (adjective)
= Realizable, possible
(C th thc hin c, kh thi )
Ex: Have you ever think your project is not a feasible task?
(Cu c bao gi ngh l d n ca mnh khng phi l mt nhim v kh thi cha?)

5) Catastrophe / k'tstrfi/ (noun)
= Disaster, calamity
(Thm ho )
Ex: Did you see that? It is what you did that caused many troubles. You are a catastrophe of my life.
(C g cha? Chnh nhng g cu lm gy ra bit bao rc ri [cho ti]. Cu l mt i ho ca
cuc i ti.)

6) Accurate / 'kjurit/ (adjective)
= Exact
(Chnh xc )
Ex: I have assumed his information is accurate until my friend told the truth to me.
(Ti c ng rng thng tin anh ta a ra l xc thc cho n khi bn ca ti cho ti bit s tht.)

7) Prevalent / 'prevlnt/ (adjective)
= Common, popular
(Ph bin, thnh hnh )
Ex: Meat is the most prevalent element in a carnivores diet.
(Tht l nguyn t ph bin c trong khu phn n ca ng vt n tht.)

Constituent / kn'stitjunt/ (noun)
= Part, component
(Thnh phn, phn t, yu t cu to.)
Ex: (Sch ) Helium nuclei have also been found to be constituents of cosmic rays.
(Cc ht nhn Helium c tm thy l cch thnh phn cu to ca tia v tr.)

(R, T 2, page 4)

9) Cease /si:s/ (verb)
= Stop [To work without cease = lm vic khng ngi ngh]
(Dng li.)
Ex: (T in ) Cease fire!
(Ngng bn!)

10) Seize /si:z/ (verb)
= Catch, arrest
(Bt gi, chp ly, nm ly )

Ex: (T in ) An eagle seizing its prey.
(Con i bng chp ly con mi ca n.)

11) Coarse / k:s/ (adjective)
= Rough
(Th rp, khng mn )
Ex: This carpet is too coarse. I need another smoother.
(Ci thm ny sn si qu. Ti cn mt ci mn mng hn )

12) Afforded / 'f id/ (adverb)
= Provided, providing (Vi iu kin l, min l )
Ex: I will consider your scores in the final exam afforded you have to show me your exertion.
(C s cn nhc khi chm im cho lp chng ta vo k thi cui k sp ti nhng vi iu kin l
cc em phi cho c thy rng cc em c chu kh phn u/ s n lc ca cc em.)

13) Companion / km'pnjn/ (noun)
= Friendship
(Tnh bn hu, bn )
Ex: Zeke follows his companions dream. Before she died, she had hoped she could travel
everywhere around the world.
(Zeke lm theo m c ca mt ngi bn tri k. Trc khi c y qua i, c mong rng mnh
c th ngao du khp chn trn th gii ny.)

14) Modify / 'mdifai/ (verb)
= Change
(Sa i, thay i )
Ex: His wife modified the lazy guys characteristic quietly.
(Ngi ca anh ta thay i hon ton tnh cch ca mt con ngi li bing .)

(R, T 4)

15) Rapid / 'rpid/ (adjective) -> Rapidity (noun)
= Quick, fast, swift -> Swiftness (noun)
(Nhanh, l, mau)
Ex: He is the most rapid football-player of my team. If you want me to leave him goes, you have to
pay a lot.
(Anh ta l cu th nhanh nhn nht trong i bng ca ti. Nu ng mun ti anh ta i, ng phi
tr rt nhiu tin cho vic ny y.)

16) Rear / ri/ (verb)
= Raise, bring up
(Nui dy )
Ex: Alvin, a squirrel, said: Unlike human, squirrel mothers do not rear their child. After three
months when squirrel kids are born, they have to go out and find food by themselves.
(Alvin, mt con sc chut ni rng: Khng ging nh con ngi, sc m khng khng nui dy
con ca mnh [n lc chng trng thnh]. Sau 3 thng c sinh ra, l sc con nh chng con
buc phi t lp v t kim ly thc n.)

17) Scale /skeil/ (verb)
= Climb
(Leo ln, tro ln [bng thang])
Ex: Do not scale my room with your sandals.
(ng c mang dp ln phng ca tui nghe cha.)

(Voc, W 20, 10)
1 Immunity /imju:niti/ (noun)
= Protection
(S bo v, s min dch )
Ex: By building their nests on cliffs, seagulls give a perfect immunity for their eggs from dangerous
hunters.
(Bng vic xy t trn nhng vch ni, loi mng bin to ra mt s bo v hon ho cho nhng
qu trng khi nhng k i sn nguy him.)

19) Conceal / kn'si:l/ (verb)
= Hide, cover
(n, giu, che y )
Ex: I hate that girl from the day she revealed my secrets, which I tried to conceal for a long time.
(Ti ght c gi y t ci ngy c ta tit l nhng b mt m ti c che du sut mt thi gian
di.)

20) Conspicuous / kn'spikjus/ (adjective)
= Noticeable
(D nhn thy.)
Ex: Robert: My girl friend is the most conspicuous person. Cody: Really? Is she beautiful?
Robert: No, she is 1.95 meters of height.
(Bn gi ca ti l mt ngi d nhn ra nht. Cody: Vy ? Chc l c y p lm nh?
Robert: Khng phi, c y cao 1 mt 95.

1) Bias / 'bais/ (noun)
= Prejudice
(Thnh kin )
Ex: (Sch ) Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States
maintained a bias against big cities.
(Trong sut th k th 19 n th k th 20, ngi dn thnh th ti Hoa K duy tr thnh kin i
vi nhng thnh ph ln.)

2) Exorbitant / ig'z:bitnt/ (adjective)
= Very expensive
(t , gi cao ct c )
Ex: The goods in that store always have exorbitant prices.
(Nhng mt hng trong ci ca hiu lc no cng c gi cao ct c.)

3) Outbreak / 'autbreik/ (noun)
= Onset, start, beginning
(S bt u mnh m, s bt u, s bt u; s bng n )
Ex: (Sch ) By the outbreak of the Revolution against British rule in 1776, the status of the artist
had already undergone change.
(Vi s bng n ca cuc cch mng chng li lut l ca Anh Quc nm 1776, v tr x hi ca ho
s mi thay i.)

4) Consort / 'kns:t/ (verb)
= Associate
(Kt giao vi )

Ex: To consort with that company, you have to prepare little money for flattering its superior staffs
before the meeting.
( kt giao vi ci cng ty , anh phi chun b mt t tin lm vui lng cc cn b cp cao
trc bui hp mt ci .)

5) Aptly / 'ptli/ (adverb)
= Appropriately
(thch hp, thch ng)
Ex: You should have decided aptly before you talked such words.
(ng l ra phi quyt nh mt cch thch ng trc khi ni ra nhng li nh vy )

6) Ascribe to / s'kraib/ (verb)
= Assume to be true of
(Cho l ng )
Ex: (R T 3, page 1) Although the phlogiston theory was self-consistent, it was awkward because it
required that imaginative, even mysterious, properties be ascribed to phlogiston.
(Mc d thuyt quy trnh t chy l khng thay i, n vn rc ri bi v n i hi nhng thuc
tnh mang tnh tr tng, thm ch l b n cng c cho l ng vi qu trnh t chy.) [Lu :
Cu ny khng bit dch. Dch by b ]

7) Evolution / ,i:v'lu:n/ (noun)
= Gradual development -> gradually develop (verb)
(S tin ho, s pht trin dn dn )
Ex: (R T 3, page 3) The evolution of use of iron in architecture during the 1800s
(S chuyn tip chm ri trong vic s dng kim loi cho ngnh kin trc sut nhng nm 1800.)

Revolutionize / ,rev'lu:n/ (verb)
= Dramatically change
(Thay i mt cch t ngt, cch mng ho )
Ex: (P 2, line 1) Iron production was revolutionized in the early eighteenth century when coke was
first used instead of charcoal for refining iron ore.
(Vic sn xut kim loi thay i nhanh chng t u th k th 18 khi than cc ln u c s
dng thay v than ci luyn qung st.)

9) Spawn / sp:n/ (verb)
= Create
(Xut hin, to ra )
Ex: (R T3, page 3) The use of exposed iron occurred mainly in the new building types spawned by
the Industrial Revolution: in factories, warehouses, commercial offices, exhibition halls, and railroad
station.
(Vic l ra phn kim lai cc cng trnh xy dng c tao ra bi cuc cch mng cng
nghip: trong cc nh my, cc khu vc cha hang, cao c vn phng, khu trin lm, v ga xe la.)

10) Core / k:/ (noun)
= Main part, root, center
(Phn chnh yu, cn nguyn, im trung tm, nng ct )
Ex: (Sch) Meteorites composition is thought to be similar to that of Earths iron core and indeed
they might have one made up the core of a large planetoid that disintegrated long ago.
(Hp cht ca nhng thin thc th ging vi li phn li kim lai ca tri t chnh v vy m
chng c th b p cho phn li b phn hy i t rt lu ri.)

11) Embed /imbed/ (verb)
= Imbed, encase, incase

(Bao bc bi, m ly, bao ly )
Ex: (T3, p 5) When meteorites fall on the continent they are embedded in the moving ice sheets.
(Khi nhng mnh thin thc ri xung t lin, chng b bao bc bi nhng tng bng tri.)

12) Enhance /inha:ns/ (t.verb)
= Make something stronger
Ex: She enhances her reputation by lowering mine.
(C ta t cao danh ting ca mnh bng cch h thp danh ting ca ti.)

13) Dogma / 'dgm/ (noun) => [plural]: dogmas, dogmata
= Belief
(Nim tin )
Ex: (Sch ) A pioneering set off experiments has been important in the revolution in our
understanding of animal behavior a revolution that eroded the behaviorist dogma that only humans
have minds.
(Vic tin phong trong cc nghin cu quan trng v mt cuc cch mng trong trong vic tim hiu
v cch hnh x ca ng vt mt cuc cch mng m lm xi mn nhng nim tin ni rng
ch c con ngi mi c lng tri.)

14) Milestone / 'mailstoun/ (noun)
= Significant development
(Mt s pht trin quan trng, mc lch s, s kin quan trng )
Ex: (Sch) Gallups report of the experiment was a milestone in our understanding of animal minds
and psychologists wondered how widespread self-recognition would prove to be.
(Bn bo co ca Gallup v mu th nghim l mt bc pht trin quan trng trong vic am hiu
v tnh lng tri ca ng vt v cc nh tm l cng t hi lm th no chng minh cc kt lun
ca h.)

15) Critical / 'kritikl/ (adjective)
= Essential, necessary
(Then cht, thit yu, cn thit )
Ex: (Sch ) Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only
in the past two decades.
(Tnh a dng sinh hc c bit n nhiu nh mt vn then cht trong 2 thp nin trc y.)

16) Jolting / doulting/ (noun)
= Shocking
(S tht vng, sng st, chang vng )
Ex: (R T3, page 9) The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is
important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems.
(T l lai b tit chng l mt iu ng ngi nhng iu quan trng cn phi nhn ra s a dng
sinh hc trong h sinh thi.) [Khng bit dch ]

17) Hinterland / 'hintlnd/ (noun)
= Region, area
(Vng ni a, vng, min )
Ex: (Sch ) As Philadelphia grew from a small town into a city in the first half of the eighteenth
century, it became an increasingly important marketing center for a vast and growing agricultural
hinterland.
(Philadelphia c bit n nh mt thnh ph pht trin t mt th trn nh vo na u th k th
18, n tr thnh mt trung tm thng mi cho s m rng v pht trin vng t nng nghip.)

1 Eradicate / i'rdikeit/ (verb)

= Eliminate, kill completely
(Lai tr, tr kh, tiu dit han tan )
Ex: This fight will never end. We must find another way to eradicate that monster.
(Cuc chin ny s khng bao gi kt thc c. Ta phi tm mt cch khc tiu dit tn gc con
qui vt .)

19) Prosper / 'prsp/ (t.verb)
= Thrive, develop well
(Thnh vng, pht t, thnh cng )
Ex: (T in ) The business is prospering.
(Cng cuc kinh doanh ang pht t )

20) Suspend / s'spend/ (t. verb)
= Hang
(Treo ln)
Ex: (R T9, page 4) When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes
outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs.
(Khi nhng ci l p khng c s dng na, nhng nh nng hc treo nhng ci hp g bn
ngai lm nhng ci t ng trng.)

1) Fundamental / ,fnd'mentl/ (adjective)
= Basic
(C bn, nn tng )
Ex: Salt, sugar, pepper and sodium glutamate are fundamental seasonings for normal daily meals.
(Mui, ng, tiu v b ngt l nhng gia v c bn cho cc mn n thng nht.)

2) Extract /
'ekstrkt - iks'trkt/ (verb)
= Remove
(chit, nh, rt ra )
Ex: Zack: That a dentist extracted my broken tooth makes me feel pain the whole week.
(Zack: Vic m ng bc s nh ci rng ca anh lm cho anh au c tun l nay ri n.

3) Scorching / 'sk:ti/ (adjective)
= Burning
(Nng bng, nng nh thiu nh t )
Ex: That guy always wears that sweater even in scorching days.
(Thng cha lc no cng bn ci o ln y thm ch l vo nhng ngy nng bc nht.)

4) Striking / 'straiki/ (adjective)
= Noticeable; conspicuous; easy to see, easy to understand
(D nhn thy; ng ch )
Ex: Asley is a striking young actress. She is more beautiful with her dyed hair.
(Asley l mt n din vin tr c sc ht. C y trng p hn vi mi tc nhum ca mnh.)

(R S12, 7)

5) Norm / n:m/ (noun)
= Standard
(Tiu chun, tiu ch )

Ex: (P 7) Industrial Revolution (1760 1840) when 10 to 12 hours workdays with six workdays per
week were the norm.
(Giai an cch mng cng nghip t 1760 n 1840, lm vic t 10 n 12 gi mi ngy vi 6 ngy
trong tun l tiu ch ca thi .)

6) Henceforth / hens'f:wd/ (adverb)
= Henceforward; from that time on
(T nay tr i, t nay v sau )
Ex: An American soldier talked to his friend, a Vietnamese one: You barbecued my dog? How dear
you! Henceforth, you are my archenemy.
(Mt ngi lnh M ni vi ng i ca anh ta, l mt ngi Vit Nam: My tht con ch ca tao
h. Sao m dm lm vy. T nay tr i, my l k th khng i tri cung ca tao.

7) Immutable / i'mju:tbl/ (adjective)
= Unchangeable
(Khng th thay i c, bt bin )
Ex: God is a steady person but his decisions are not always immutable. Lets ask his tolerance.
(Cha l mt ngi kin nh nhng khng c ngha l nhng quyt nh ca ngi u khng th
thay i c. Hy cu xin s khoan hng.)

Revere / ri'vi/ (t. verb)
= Respect
(Tn knh, tn sung, tn trng )
Ex: Elvin reveres his girl friend. He considers her a goddess.
(Elvin tn sng c bn gi ca mnh. Anh y xem c ta nh mt thnh n.)

9) Extol / iks'tl/ (t. verb)
= Praise, commend
(Tn dng, ca tng )
Ex: Because young actors and actresses are often extolled to the skies, they can easily got Star
syndrome.
(V cc din vin nh thng c ca tng n tn my xanh, h c th d mc phi mt s hi
chng ngi sao bnh ngi sao. )

10) Consistent / kn'sistnt/ (adjective)
= Constant
(Kin nh, trc sau nh mt, nht qun )
Ex: The policy is consistent but it was built by human and it can be changed.
(Chnh sch th nht qun nhng n c lp ra bi con ngi th cng c th c thay i.)
= Firm, steady
(c chc )

11) Attribute / 'tribju:t/ (noun)
= Property; characteristic
(Thuc tnh )
Ex: (Sch ) The complexity of their design is an attribute of handcrafted objects.
(S phc tp trong thit k ca h l tnh cht c trng ca cc vt lm bng th cng.

12) Patronage / 'peitrnid/ (noun)
= Support
(S nng , s u, s bo tr )
Ex: (Sch ) That customer is a patronage of our store. He buys one hundred napkins monthly.

(ng khc l khch hng thn thin ca ca hng chng ti [Ngi u, ngi hay lui ti
]. Hng thng ng ta thng mua 100 ci khn n.)

13) Monopolize / m'nplaiz/ (t. verb)
= Dominate
(Gi c quyn, thng tr, chi phi )
Ex: (T in ) Dont monopolize our guest of honor. There are others who would like to talk to him.
(ng ly v thng khch ca chng ti lm ca ring. Cn nhiu ngi mun ni chuyn vi ng
y na y.)

14) Flatter / 'flt/ (noun)
= Complimentary; praise => [Xem li 9) Extol ]
(Tng bc, ca tng, lm ni bt )
Ex: They are not your friends. They flatter you because after each such a word you give them
money. A real friend tells you the truth about your bad, what you never want to know.
(H khng phi l bn ca cu. H tng bc cu l v c sao mi ln nh th, cu cho h tin. Mt
ngi bn tht s ni s tht v nhng mt xu tn ti trong con ngi ca cu, l nhng g m cu
chng bao gi mun nghe n.)

15) Discourse / dis'k:s/ (noun)
= Speech
(Bi thuyt trnh )
Ex: Your discourse is excellent but you need speak louder.
(Bi thuyt trnh ca em tht l xut sc nhng em cn ni to ln hn xu.)

16) Disseminate /disemineitid/ (adjective)
= Spread
(Ph bit, lan rng, gieo rc )
Ex: Some evil components are disseminating bad ideals about our party.
(Mt s phn t xu ru rao gieo rc nhng l tng xu xa v ng ca chng ta.)

17) Accelerate / k'selreit/ (verb)
= To make something happen faster and faster, increase
(Lm nhanh thm, thc gic )
Ex: Accelerate this process and you can go home before the Tet holiday.
(Lm cho nhanh l th chng bay c th v nh trc k l Tt Nguyn n.)

1 Assert / 's:t/ (t. verb)
= Be sure, confirm
(Chc chn, xc nhn )
Ex: I do not like the style of that man. He always asserts but do not argue. Sometimes I got mistakes
but he just said: Wrong and had no explanation. When I asked: Why? he replied me: I said you
did the wrong decision. If you want you can do whatever you want.
(Ti chng thch ci kiu ca ng cht no. ng lun xc nhn nhng khng bao gi tranh ci.
i lc ti lm sai nhng ng ta ch ni: Sai ri v chng h a ra li gii thch. Khi ti hi, ng
ta tr li: Ti ni l anh lm sai ri. Nu anh thch th c th lm theo mnh. [sai rng chu].)

19) Reliance / ri'lains/ (noun) => Rely on = depend on (verb)
= Dependence, trust
(S tin cy, s tn nhim )
Ex: You got my word. You can place reliance in such a reliable person like me.
(Ti ha ri m. Bn c th t s tn nhim ln mt ngi ng tin cy nh ti.)

20) Picture / 'pikt/ (t. verb)
= Visualize, imagine
(Hnh dung, tng tng )
Ex: People who always picture bad things to themselves never feel happy.
(Nhng ngi m lun tng tng ra nhng iu xu trong u th chng bao gi cm thy hnh
phc.)

(Tun 16 -> 23 khng phi t vng trong cun 22000 t )
(Page 234 -> 242)

16. RESIDENCE

1) Abroad / 'br / (adverb)
= In or to a foreign land or lands
( hoc n nc ngai )
Ex: After living abroad for a time, Robert Browning became homesick for his native land.
(Sau khi sng nc ngai mt thi gian, Robert Browning cm thy nh qu hng.)

2) Commute / k'mju:t/ (verb)
= Travel back and forth daily, as from a home in the suburbs to a job in the city.
(Di chuyn ti lui hng ngy nh t nh ngai n ni lm trong thnh ph )
Ex: Hundreds of thousands of suburban residents regularly commute to the city.
(Hng trm ngn c dn ngai thng xuyn di chuyn ra vo thnh ph.)

3) Denizen /denizn/ (noun)
= Inhabitant; dweller; resident; occupant
(C dn, dn c tr; ngi tr ng )
Ex: On their safari, the hunters stalked lions, tigers, and other ferocious denizens of the jungle.

(Trong chuyn i sn, nhng ngi i sn ui theo nhng con s t, cp v nhng con th d ng
trong rng su.)

4) Domicile / 'dmisail/ (noun)
= House; home; dwelling; residence; abode
(Nh, ch c tr, ni tr ng, ch )
Ex: The announcement read: The Coopers have moved and invite you to visit them at their new
domicile, 22 Apple Street.
(Thng bo vit: Gia nh Copper di chuyn v mi bn n thm h ngi nh mi, 22 Ph
Apple )

5) Inmate /inmeit/ (noun)
= Person confined in an institution, prison, hospital, etc.
(Bn cng t chung; hoc cng chung bnh vin
Ex: When the warden took charge, the prison had fewer than 100 inmates.
(Khi vin coi nh lao y n ph trch, nh t c khng ti 100 bn t.)

6) Migrate /maigreit/ (i. verb)
= Move from one place to settle in another
(Di chuyn, n nh c mt ni khc )
Ex: Because they were persecuted in England, the Puritans migrated to Holland.
(Bi v h b ngc i ti Anh, nhng ngi Thanh gio di c n H Lan.)
= Move from one place to another with the change of season
(Di chuyn t ni ny n ni khc mi khi chuyn ma )
Ex: In winter, many European birds migrate to the British Isles in search of a more temperature
climate.
(Vo ma ng nhiu lai chim chu u di c sang cc o nc Anh tm kh hu n ha hn.)

7) Native /neitiv/
= (T tri ngha: Alien ) Person born in a particular place. (noun)

(Ngi sinh ra mt ni no ngi a phng )
Ex: The entire Russo family are natives of New Jersey except the grandparents, who were born in
Italy.
(Tt c gia nh Russo l ngi [gc] New Jersey ngai tr ng b c sinh trng ti .)

= (T tri ngha: Foreign) Born or originating in a particular place (adjective)
(c sinh ra hoc xut pht gc t mi ni no )
Ex: Tobacco, potatoes, and tomatoes are native American plants that were introduced into Europe by
explorers returning from the New World.
(Thuc l, khoai ty v c chua l nhng cy gc gc ti M c du nhp vo chu u bi
nhng ngi i thm him tr v t Tn th gii.)

Nomad / 'nmd/ (noun)
= Member of a tribe that has no fixed abode but wanders from place to place; wanderer
(Thnh vin ca mt cu lc b khng c ch c tr c nh, nhng di chuyn t ni ny n ni
khc; dn d mc )
Ex: Nomads have no fixed homes but move from region to region to secure their food supply.
(Dn du mc khng c nh c nh, m di chuyn t vng ny sang vng khc c nguyn cung
cp thc phm.)

9) Nomadic / nou'mdik/ (adjective)
= Roaming from place to place; wandering; roving
(i t ni ny sang ni khc; i lang thang; du mc)
Ex: Would you like to give up your permanent residence for the nomadic adventures of trailer
living?
(Bn c mun t b ni c nh lu di ca mnh thc hin nhng chuyn phiu lu du mc
ca cuc sng trn mt chic xe r-moc khng?)

10) Sojourn / 'sdn/ (verb)
= Temporary stay

(Dng li tm thi )
Ex: On his trip home, Gerald will stop in St. Louis for a two-day sojourn with relatives.
(Trn chuyn i v nh, Gerald s dng li St. Louis hai ngy tm thi vi cc b con.)

17. DISOBEDIENCE

11) Defiance / di'fains/ (noun)
= Refusal to obey authority; disposition to resist; state of opposition
(T chi vng li cp c thm quyn, c khuy hng chng i; tnh trng chng i; s thch thc )
Ex: The union showed defiance of the court order against a strike by calling the workers off their
jobs.
(Nghip an by t s chng i lnh cm nh cng ca ta n bng cch ku gi cng nhn
ngng vic.)

12) Infraction / in'frkn/ (verb)
= Breaking (of a law, regulation, etc.); violation; breach
(Vi phm [lut php, ni quy, ], vi phm, xm phm )
Ex: Parking at the bus stop is illegal. Motorists committing this infraction are heavily fined.
(u xe ti ch xe bus l bt hp php. Nhng ngi li xe vi phm iu ny s b pht nng.)

13) Insubordinate / ,ins'b init/ (adjective)
= Not submitting to authority; disobedient; mutinous; rebellious
(Khng vng phc nh cm quyn; khng vng li; hay ni lan; chng i )
Ex: Do as mother says. If you are insubordinate, father will probable hear of it.
(Hy lm nh m bo. Nu con khng vng li, c l cha s nghe thy y.)

14) Insurgent / in's nt/ (noun)
= Rebel

(Ngi ni lan )
Ex: When the revolt broke out, the government ordered its troops to arrest the insurgents.
(Khi cuc ni lan bc pht, chnh ph ra lnh cho qun i bt nhng ngi ni dy.)

15) Insurrection / ,ins'rekn/ (noun)
= Uprising against established authority; rebellion; revolt
(Ni dy chng li chnh quyn hin hu, ni lan; phn khng )
Ex: Troops had to be used in 1794 to put down an insurrection in Pennsylvania known as the
Whisky Rebellion.
(Qun i c s dng vo nm 1794 dp tt cuc ni lan ti Pensylvania c bit di
tn l cuc ni lan Whiskly.)

16) Malcontent / 'mlkntent/ (noun)
= Discontented person; rebel
(Ngi bt mn; k ni lan )
Ex: The work stoppage was caused by a few malcontents who felt they had been ignored when the
promotions were made.
(Vic bi cng l do mt s ngi bt mn gy ra. H cm thy rng h khng c ch n
trong cc ln tng lng.)

17) Perverse / p'v:s/ (adjective)
= Obstinate (in opposing what is right or reasonable); willful; wayward
(Ngoan c [chng i iu phi hoc hp l]; cng u; khng th hng dn/ khuyn bo c )
Ex: Though I had carefully explained the shorter route to him, the perverse youngster came by the
longer way.
(Mc d ti gii thch cn thn con ng ngn hn cho hn, nhng ci anh chng trai tr y vn
i con ng di hn.) [Ci chng trai tr mang ngha trch mc. ni ri m khng chu nghe,
vn c ngoan c ]

1 Sedition / si'din/ (noun)

= Speech; writing or action seeking to overthrow the government
(Li ni, bi vit hoc hnh ng tm cch lt mt chnh ph; hat ng khuynh o, lt )
Ex: The author of the pamphlet advocating the overthrow of the government was arrested for
sedition.
(Tc gi tp truyn n ku gi lt chnh ph b bt v hat ng khuynh o.)

19) Transgress / trnz'gres/ (verb)
= Go beyond set limits of; violate; break; overstep
(i vt khi gii hn; vi phm; bt tun; vt qu )
Ex: Ronalds previous record showed he had been an obedient student and had never transgressed
school regulations.
(Hc b trc y ca Ronald cho thy rng anh y l mt hc sinh ngoan ngan v khng bao gi
phm ni quy trng hc.)

20) Trespass / 'tresps/ (verb)
= Encroach on anothers rights, privileges, property, etc.
(Xm phm quyn, c quyn, ti sn, ca k khc )
Ex: The owner erected a Keep Off sign to discourage strangers from trespassing on his land.
(Ngi ch dng ln tm bng TRNH XA cnh bo nhng ngi l khng c xm
phm t ca ng ta.)


(Page 242 249)
18. OBEDIENCE

1) Acquiesce / ,kwi'es/ (t. verb)
= (Used with in) accept by keeping silent; submit quietly; comply
([c dng vi IN] chp nhn bng cch yn lng; chp nhn lng l; tun th )

Ex: Though I wasnt enthusiastic about Toms plan to go fishing, I acquiesced in it because there
seemed nothing else to do.
(Mc d ti khng nhit tnh vi k hach i cu c ca Tom, nhng ti mc nhin chp nhn v
dng nh chng c vic g khc lm.)

2) Allegiance / 'li ns/ (noun)
= Loyalty; devotion; faithfulness; fidelity
(Lng trung thnh; tn ty; trung thnh )
Ex: Every school day, millions of children pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of
America and to the republic for which is stands.
(Mi ngy n trng, hng triu tr em tuyn th trung thnh vi quc k M v vi nc cng
ha m l quc k tiu biu.

3) Defer / di'f:/ (verb)
= Yield to another out of respect, authority, courtesy; submit politely
(Giao cho do knh trng, do uy quyn, do lch s; tun phc mt cch l php )
Ex: Husbands as a rule do not decide on the colors of home furnishings but defer to their wives in
these matters.
(Cc ng chng theo thng l khng quyt nh v mu sc ca cc c trong nh, nhng giao
cho cc b v tan quyn nhng vic ny.)

4) Discipline / 'disiplin/ (adjective)
= Train in obedience; bring under control
(Hun luyn vng li; t vo s kim sat; a vo k lut )
Ex: Mr. Walker, who had been told that he was getting a disciplined class, was surprised to find it
unruly.
(ng Walker, ngi c bo rng ng ta sp c mt lp hc c k lut, ngc nhin khi thy
rng chng tht l bt tr.)

5) Docile / 'dousail/ (adjective) -> docility (noum)
= Easily taught; obedient; tractable; submissive

(D dy bo; vng li; d bo, vng phc )
Ex: Dan is easy to teach, but his brother is not so docile.
(Dan th d dy nhng em trai n th khng d dy nh th.)

6) Meek /mi:k/ (adjective) [T tri ngha: Arrogant / 'rgnt/]
= Submissive; yielding without resentment when ordered about or hurt by others; acquiescent
(Tun phc; tun phc m khng bt mn khi c ra lnh hoc b xc phm bi k khc; chp nhn
lng l; hin lnh; nhu m )
Ex: Only two of the girls protested when they were ordered off the filed. The rest were too meek to
complain.
(Ch c hai c gi l phn i khi c lnh ri khi sn. Cc c khc th qu hin lnh nn khng
than phin g.)

7) Pliable / 'plaibl/ (adjective) [T tri ngha: Obstinate]
= Easily bent or influenced; yielding; adaptable
(D un nn hoc nh hng; hay nhn nhng c th thch nghi )
Ex: We tried to get Joe to change his mind, but he was not pliable. Perhaps you can influence him.
(Chng ti c gng lm Joe i , nhng hn th khng d nh hng. C l anh c th nh hng
hn.)

Submit / sb'mit/ (verb) [T tri ngha: Resist, withstand]
= Yield to anothers will, authority, or power; yield; surrender
(Tun theo mun ngi khc; tun phc quyn hnh hoc quyn lc; nhng b; u hng )
Ex: Though he boasted he would never be taken alive, the outlaw submitted without a struggle when
the police arrived.
(Mc d khac lc rng hn s khng bao gi b bt sng, tn cp y u hng khng chin u
khi cnh st n.)

9) Tractable / 'trktbl/ (adjective) [T tri ngha: Intractable; unruly]
= Easily controlled, led, or taught; docile

(D iu khin, hng dn hoc dy bo; d bo )
Ex: For his cabinet, the dictator wanted tractable men. Therefore, he appointed no one whom he
could not control.
(i vi ni cc ca ng ta, nh c ti y mun c nhng con ngi d bo. Do ng ta khng
bao gi b nhim nhng ngi m ng ta khng th iu khin.)

19. TIME

10) Chronic / 'krnik/ (adjective)
= Marked by long duration and frequent recurrence
(Ko di lu v hay ti pht; kinh nin )
Ex: Carls sore arm is not a new development but the return of a chronic ailment.
(Cnh tay ca Carl khng phi l mt bin chng mi nhng l s tr li ca mt chng bnh kinh
nin.)
= Having a characteristic, habit, disease, etc. , for a long time; confirmed; habitual
(C c tnh, tp qun, bnh v.v lu di; thm cn c ; thng xuyn )
Ex: Rhoda is a chronic complainer. She is always dissatisfied.
(Rhoda l mt k ku ca thng xuyn C y th lun lun bt mn.)

11) Concurrent / kn'krnt/ (adjective)
= Occurring at the same time; simultaneous
(Din ra cng mt lc, ng thi )
Ex: When a strike is settled, there will probably be an increase in wages and a concurrent increase
in prices.
(Khi cuc nh cng thu xp th c l c gia tng lng bng v ng thi gi c cng gia tng.)

12) Dawdle / 'd l/ (verb)
= Waste time; loiter; idle
(Lm mt th gi; i la c; n khng ngi ri )

Ex: My sister dawdles over the dishes. Mother gets them done without wasting time.
(Em gi ti nh nh trong vic ra bt a. M ti lm ngay v khng ko di mt thi gi.)

13) Imminent / 'iminnt/ (adjective)
= About to happen; threatening to occur soon; near at hand
(Sp xy ra; e da s xy n sm; gn k )
Ex: By the sudden darkening of the skies and the thunder in the distance, we could tell that rain was
imminent.
(Bu tri bng ti sm li v c ting sm ni xa, chng ti c th an rng cn ma sp n.)

14) Incipient /in'sipint/ (adjective)
= Beginning to show itself; commencing; in an early stage; initial
(Bt u xut hin; bt u; vo giai an s khi; tin khi )
Ex: Certain serious diseases can be successfully treated if detected in an incipient stage.
(Mt s chng bnh nghim trng c th cha tr thnh cng nu nh c pht hin vo giai an
mi bt u.)

15) Intermittent / ,int'mitnt/ (adjective) [T tri ngha: Incessant, continuous]
= n ri i cch khang tng lc mt ngng ri li bt u; ti din; lien hi
Ex: There were intervals when the sun broke through the clouds, because the showers were
intermittent.
(C nhiu lc mt tri xut hin gia cc m my, bi v cc trn ma ro c tnh cht lin hi.)

16) Perennial / p'renil/ (adjective)
= Lasting indefinitely; incessant; enduring; permanent; constant; perpetual; everlasting
(Ko di v tn; khng ngng; lu di; vnh vin; thng xuyn; trng cu; mi mi )
Ex: Dont think that war has plagued only our times. It has been a perennial curse of man.
(Bn ng ngh rng chin tranh ch gy tai ha cho thi i ca chng ta. N l nguyn nhn tai ha
vnh cu ca con ngi )

17) Procrastinate / prou'krstineit/ (verb)
= Put off things that should be done until later; defer; postpone
(Han li nhng vic phi lm; han li; tr han )
Ex: Most of the picnickers took cover when rain seemed imminent. The few that procrastinated got
drenched.
(Phn ln nhng ngi i picnic vo tr ma khi cn ma sp n. Mt s t ngi tr han nn
b t sng.)

1 Protract / pr'trkt/ (t. verb) [T tri ngha: Curtail / k:'teil/]
= Draw out; lengthen in time; prolong; continue; extend
(Ko di; ko di thi gian; ko di; tip tc; ni ra, ko di thm mt cht )
Ex: We had planned to stay only for lunch but at our hosts insistence, we protracted our visit until
after dinner.
(Chng ti d tr ch dng li n tra, nhng do s ni n ca ng ch, chng ti ko di cuc
thm ca chng ti n sau ba cm chiu.)

19) Sporadic / sp'rdik/ (adjective)
= Occurring occasionally or in scattered instances; isolated; infrequent
(Xut hin ri rc, thnh thang tng lc; tch bit; khng thng xuyn )
Ex: Though polio has been practically wiped out, there have been sporadic cases of the disease.
(Mc d st bi lit thc t b qut sch, nhng vn cn nhng trng hp ri rc ca bnh ny.)

(Page 250 - )

20. NECESSITY

1) Compulsory / km'plsri/ (adjective)

= Required by authority; obligatory
(c, b i hi bi gii chc c thm quyn; bt buc )
Ex: State law makes attendance at school compulsory for children of certain ages.
(Lut php bang quy nh vic hc c tnh cch cng bch, bt buc i vi tr em n mt s
tui no .)

2) Entail /in'teil/ (verb)
= Involve as a necessary consequence; impose; require
(Dn n hu qu tt yu; bt buc phi; i hi )
Ex: Can your family afford the extra expense that a larger apartment entails?
(Gia nh bn c th chi thm mt khan chi ph ph tri m mt cn h rng ri hn i phi c
khng?)

3) Essence /esns/ (noun)
= Most necessary or significant part, aspect, or feature; fundamental nature; core
(Phn quan trng hoc cn thit nht, kha cnh hoc tnh cht thit yu; tnh cht nn tng; ct li )
Ex: The union and management held a lengthy meeting with out getting to the essence of the mens
dissatisfaction low wages.
(Nghip an v ban gim c hp mt bui hp di m khng gii quyt c vn thit yu
nht ca s bt mn ca nhn vin Tin cng thp.)

4) Gratuitous / gr'tju:its/ (adjective)
= Uncalled for; unwarranted
(Khng cn n, khng c l do xc ng )
Ex: Were it not for your gratuitous interference, the children would have quickly settled their
dispute.
(Nu khng c s can thip khng cn n ca anh, nhng a tr nhanh chng gii quyt c
vic tranh chp ca chng ri.)

5) Imperative / im'pertiv/ (adjective)

= Not to be avoided; urgent; necessary; obligatory; compulsory
(Khng th trnh khi; cp bch; cn thit phi; bt buc; cng bch )
Ex: If you have failed a subject you need for graduation, it is imperative that you go to summer
schools.
(Nu anh rt mt mn cn tt nghip; anh bt buc phi hc lp h )

6) Incumbent / in'kmbnt/ (adjective)
= (With on or upon) imposed as a duty; obligatory
[Dng vi ON hoc UPON] bt buc vi tnh cch nhim v; bt buc phi
Ex: Dan felt it incumbent on him to pay for the window, since he had hit the ball that broke it.
(Dan cm thy mnh b bt buc phi n tin cho ci ca s, bi v anh nh tri banh lm v
ca s y.)

7) Indispensable / ,indis'pensbl/ (adjective) [T tri ngha: Dispensable]
= Absolutely necessary; essential
(Tuyt i cn thit; thit yu; khng th thiu c )
Ex: We can do without luxuries and entertainment. However, food, shelter, and clothing are
indispensable.
(Chng ti c th sng m khng cn n nhng iu xa hoa v gii tr. Tuy nhin, thc phm, ch
v qun o th khng th thiu c.)

Necessitate /nisesiteit/ (verb)
= Make necessary; require; demand
(Lm cho cn thit; i hi phi; i hi )
Ex: Mr. Gans told Ellen that her refusal to work necessitates his sending for her parents.
(ng Gans ni vi Ellen rng vic c t chi lm vic cho ng lm ng phi a tr c v cha m
c.)

9) Oblige /'blaid/ (verb)
= Compel; force; put under a duty or obligation

(Bt buc; buc phi; c bn phn phi )
Ex: If your friend were in trouble, wouldnt you feel obliged to go his help.
(Nu bn ca anh gp kh khn, bn khng cm thy c bn phn n gip ?)

10) Obviate / 'bvieit/ (t. verb)
= Make unnecessary; preclude
(Lm cho khi phi , lai tr, lai b )
Ex: Karen has agreed to lend me a book I need. This obviates my trip to the library.
(Karen ng cho ti mn quyn sch m ti cn, iu ny lm cho ti khi n th vin.)

11) Prerequisite / ,pri:'rekwizit/ (noun)
= Something required beforehand
(L iu kin phi c trc )
Ex: A mark of at least 75% in Basic Art is a prerequisite for Advanced Art.
(Mt im s ti thiu 75% mn Ngh Thut cn bn l iu kin phi c hc mn Ngh Thut
Cao Cp.)
12) Pressing / 'presi/ (adjective)
= Requiring immediate attention; urgent
(i phi ch lp tc; cp bch )
Ex: Before preparing for tomorrows party, I have some more pressing matters to attend to, such as
finishing my report.
(Trc khi chun b cho bui hp mt ngy mai, ti c mt vi vic cp bch hn lo, chng hn
nh han tt bn bo co ca ti.)

13) Superfluous / su:'p:flus/ (adjective)
= More than what is enough or necessary; surplus, excessive; unnecessary
(Vt qu mc hoc mc cn thit; d tha; thi qu; khng cn thit )
Ex: Since we already have enough food for the picnic, please dont bring any because it will only be
superfluous.

(Bi v chng ti c thc phm cho bui picnic; xin ng mang thm g na v n s tha
thi.)

n tp li mt s t nha v tun ny ch c 13 t l qua chng khc ri:

(Week 2)

14) Adjourn / 'd:n/ (verb)
= Close a meeting, suspend the business of a meeting, disband
(Kt thc cuc hp, ngng cng vic trong phin hp, gii tn )
Ex: When we visited Washington D.C, Congress was not in session, it had adjourned for the Thanks
giving weekend.
(Khi chng ti ving thm th Washington D.C, Quc hi khng c hp hnh g ht, ngi ta
ngh l T n t cui tun.)

15) Astute / s'tju:t/ (adjective)
= Shrewd, wise, crafty, cunning
(Tinh khn, khn, mu m, qu quyt )
Ex: The only one to solve the riddle before the 5 minutes were up was Joel, he is a very astute
thinker.
(Ngi duy nht gii c bi tan trc khi 5 pht chm dt l Joel, anh ta l ngi suy ngh
tinh khn.)

16) Censure / 'sen/ (noun, verb)
= Act of blaming; expression of disapproval; hostile criticism; rebuke.
(Hnh ng qu trch; by t s khng hi lng )
Ex: Cathy was about to reach for a third slice of cake but was stopped by a look of censure in
mothers eyes.
(Cathy sp sa vi tay ly lt bnh th 3, nhng dng li v ci nhn qu trch/ khng hi lng
trong i mt ca m n.)

17) Demolish / di'mli/ (verb)
= Tear down, destroy, raze
(Ph sp, hy dit, san bng )
Ex: It took several days for the wrecking crew to demolish the old building.
(Phi tn nhiu ngy tan p ph ph v san bng ta nh c.)

1 Discharge / dis't / (noun, verb)
= Unload
(Bc/ d xung )
Ex: After discharging her cargo, the ship will go into a dry dock for repairs.
(Sau khi bc d hng xa xung, chic tu s tin vo tu kh nc sa cha.)

19) Dissent / di'sent/ (noun, verb)
= Differ in opinion; disagree; object
(Khc kin; khng ng ; phn bc )
Ex: There was nearly complete agreement on Als proposal to raise the dues. Enid and Alice were
the only ones who dissented.
(Gn nh c s ng han tan v ngh tng l ph ca Al. Enid v Alice l nhng k duy nht
khng tn thnh.)

20) Equitable / 'ekwitbl/ (adjective)
= Fair to all concerned; just
(Tt vi mi ngi; bnh ng )
Ex: The only equitable way for the three partners to share the $ 60 profit is for each to receive $ 20.
(Cch duy nht cng bng cho c 3 l chia ci li nhun 60 la thnh 20 cho mi ngi.)
L THUYT

M RNG T VNG QUA CC TIP U NG ANGLO-SAXON

(Nguyn vn t 22.000 t vng, trang 265 -266)

1) Tip u ng l g? (Hay cn gi l Tin T )
Tip u ng l mt m (hoc mt t hp cc m ) c t trc v c ni lin vi mt t
hoc t cn to thnh mt t mi. V d:

TIP U NG T HOC T CN T MI
Fore (= Trc ) + SEE => Foresee (= Thy trc)
Tin an
Dis (= Ri ) + SECT (= Ct ) => Dissect (= Ct ri ra )
Hyper (= Qu ) + CRITICAL => Critical (= Ph bnh qu
mc ) Ch trch, bi mc

2) Ti sao li nghin cu tip u ng?
Kin thc v tip u ng v ngha ca chng c th gip bn m rng vn t vng ca
bn. S t ting Anh bt u bng mt tip u ng th nhiu, ng k, v chng khng ngng gia
tng. Mt khi bn bit c mt tip u ng no c ngha l g, th bn c c u mi
ngha ca t bt u bng tip u ng . Th d, mt khi bn bit rng tip u ng Latinh BI c
ngha l hai, bn s c th hiu v nh - tt hn ngha ca t BIPARTISAN (= Tng trung
cho 2 ng phi chnh tr ) = lng ng; BILINGUAL (= Ni hai ngn ng ) = song ng; BISECT
(= Ct ra lm hai ),
Cc tip u ng ca ting Anh ch yu gc t Anglo-saxon (ting Anh c ); Latinh; ting
Hy Lp c.

TRC NGHIM S KHI 1

Insert the letter of the best answer in the space provided:
(Bn hy in mu t ch tr li tt nht vo khang trng )
1. An out spoken person is not likely to be _____
(A) Bold (B) Frank (C) Shy
Dch ngha:
Mt ngi bc trc hn khng th no l mt ngi nht nht e l

(A) Mnh, gan d (B) Thnh tht (C) Nht nht, e l
2. When you have a foreboding, you feel that something _____ is going to happen.
(A) Unimportant (B) Unfortunate (C) Good
Dch ngha:
Khi bn c mt iu xu, ngha l bn cm thy mt iu g khng may sp xy ra.
(A) Khng quan trng (B) Khng may (C) Tt.
3. Misgivings result from _____
(A) Doubts and suspicious (B) Selfishness (C) Increase output
Dch ngha:
S lo s xut pht t s hai nghi v nghi ng.
(A) Hai nghi v nghi ng (B)S v k (C) Xut lng gia tng
4. Forebears are associated mainly with the _____
(A) Present (B) Past (C) Future
Dch ngha:
T tin ng b ch yu gn lin vi qu kh
(A) Hin ti (B) Qu kh (C) Tng lai
5. If you _____, you are being overconfident.
(A) Strike while the iron is hot
(B) Count your chickens before they are hatched
(C) Lock the barn after the horse are stolen
Dch ngha:
Nu bn m nhng con g con ca bn trc khi chng n, bn l ngi qu t tin.
(A) Dp rn khi thanh st cn nng
(B) m g con trc khi n
(C) Kha chung li sau khi nga b nh cp.

Nhng tip u ng hc c qua Trc Nghim S Khi: FORE-; MIS-; OUT- v OVER- .

(Tip theo: VOCABULARY WEEK 27)

VOCABULARY WEEK 27

(Page 266 27

1. FORE- : Beforehand, front, before

1) Forearm / 'f:r:m/ (noun)
= (Literally, front part of the arm Part of the arm from the wrist to the elbow.
[(Ngha en: Phn trc ca cnh tay , phn tay t c tay n ci ch -> cnh tay ngai ]
Ex: Henry protected his face from Georges blows by raising his forearms.
(Henry bo v gng mt ca mnh khi nhng c nh ca George bng cch a cnh tay
ngai ra .)

2) Forebear / 'f:be (r)/ (noun) [T tri ngha: Descendant / di'sendnt/]
= (Literally, one who has been or existed before ancestor; forefather
[(Ngha en: Ngi hin din, sng trc ) t tin; ng b
Ex: John F. Kennedys forebears migrated to America from Ireland.
(T tin ca John F. Kennedy di c n Hoa K t Ailen.)

3) Foreboding / f:'boudi/ (noun; adjective)
= Feeling beforehand of coming trouble; misgiving; presentiment
(Cm thy trc mt iu khng tt, rc ri sp n; ng vc, khng tin, linh cm trc )
Ex: The day before the accident, I had a foreboding that something would go wrong.

(Mt ngy trc tai nn, ti c linh cm rng mt ci g khng tt s xy ra.)

4) Forecast / 'f:k:st/ (t. verb)
= Estimate beforehand of a future happening; prediction; prophecy
(Tin liu, c lng trc mt iu xy ra trong tng lai; tin an; tin tri )
Ex: Have you listened to the weather forecast for tomorrow?
(Anh c nghe bn d bo thi tit cho ngy mai?)

5) Forefront / 'f:frnt/ (noun)
= (Literally, front part of the front foremost place or part; vanguard
[(Ngha en: Phn pha trc ca mt trn ni hoc b phn pha trc nht; qun tin phong -
> hng u, tuyn u.)]
Ex: In combat the officer was always in the forefront of the attack, leading his men on to victory.
(Trong lc chin u, v s quan y lun lun i u trong cuc tn cng, dn dt cc chin s ca
ng i n chin thng.)

6) Foregoing / f:'goui/ (adjective; noun)
= Going before; preceding
(i trc )
Ex: Carefully review the foregoing chapter before reading any further.
(Bn hy c cn thn chng u tin trc khi c thm cc chng sau.)

7) Foremost / 'f:moust/ (adjective)
= Stranding at the front; first; most advanced; leading; principal; chief
(ng hng u; u tin tin tin nht; dn u; chnh yu; quan trng nht )
Ex: Did you know that Benjamin Franklin was one of the foremost inventors of the eighteenth
century?
(Bn c bit Benjamin Franklin l mt trong nhng nh pht minh quan trng nht ca th k 18?)

Foreshadow / f:'dou/ (t. verb)

= Indicate beforehand
(Cho thy trc )
Ex: Our defeat in the championship game was foreshadowed by injuries to two of our star players in
a previous game.
(Vic thua trong trn u ginh chc v ch c tin bo trc khi hai cu th ni bt ca
chng ti b thng trong trn u trc.)

9) Foresight / 'f:sait/ (noun) [T tri ngha: Hindsight / 'haindsait/]
= Power of seeing beforehand what is likely to happen; prudence
(Kh nng nhn thy trc nhng g s xy ra; cn thn )
Ex: Foresight is better than hindsight.
(Kh nng nhn thy trc th tt hn kh nng nhn thy sau.)

10) Foreword / 'f:w / (noun)
= Front matter preceding the text of a book; preface; introduction
(Li ni u ca mt quyn sch; li ta; li dn nhp )
Ex: Before Chapter I, there is a brief foreword in which the author explains why he wrote the book.
(Trc chng 1, c mt li ni u vn tt trong tc gi gii thch ti sao ng li vit qun
sch.)

2. MIS- : bad, badly, wrong, wrongly

11) Misbelief / ,misbi'li:f/ (noun)
= Wrong or erroneous belief
(Tin tng sai, tin lm )
Ex: People thought the earth was flat until Columbus corrected that misbelief.
(Ngi ta tin rng qu t th dp cho n khi Columbus nh chnh nim tin sai lc y.)

12) Misdeed / 'mis'di / (noun)

= Bad act; wicked deed
(Hnh vi xu xa, hnh vi c c )
Ex: The wrongdoer was punished for his misdeed by a fine and imprisonment.
(K lm quy b trng pht cho hnh vi c c ca mnh bng pht tin hoc pht t.)

13) Misfire / 'mis'fai/ (verb)
= (Literally, fire wrongly to fail to be fired or exploded properly
[(Ngha en, Bn trt bn hoc cho n khng ng mc tiu ]
Ex: The bear escaped when the hunters rifle misfired.
(Con gu that khi khu sng ngi i sn khai ha trt.)

14) Misgiving / mis'givi/ (noun)
= Uneasy feeling; feeling of doubt or suspicion; foreboding; lack of confidence
(Cm thy lo u; cm thy ng vc hoc nghi ng; c im khng may; thiu tin tng )
Ex: Dad has no misgivings when Mother takes the wheel, because she is an excellent driver.
(Cha ti khng cm thy lo u g khi m ti li xe, bi v b y l mt ngi li xe xut sc.)

4. OVER- : too, excessively, over, beyond

15) Overbearing / ,ouv'beri/ (adjective)
= Domineering over others; inclined to dictate
(Khuynh lat k khc; c khuynh hng c ti; hng hch )
Ex: When the monitor gave too many orders, the teacher scolded him for being overbearing.
(Khi anh trng lp ra qu nhiu mnh lnh, thy gio mng anh l hng hch.)

16) Overburden / ,ouv'b n/ (t. verb)
= To place too heavy a load on; burden excessively; overtax

(Cht qu nng; gnh nng, ch nng qu mc; nh thu nng )
Ex: It would overburden me to have my piano lesson Thursday because I have so much homework
on that day.
(Hc piano vo ngy th nm th qu mc i vi ti bi v ti c rt nhiu bi lm nh vo ngy
y.)

17) Overconfident / 'ouv 'knfidnt/ (adjective)
= Too sure of oneself; excessively confident
(Qu t tin chnh mnh; t tin thi qu )
Ex: I was so sure of passing that I wasnt going to study, but dad advised me not to be
overconfident.
(Ti tin chc l mnh s u n ti s khng hc, nhng cha ti khuyn ti ch nn qu t tin.)

1 Overdose / 'ouvdous/ (noun, t. verb)
= Quantity of medicine beyond what is to be taken at one time or in a given period; too big a dose
(Lng thuc vt qu liu cn ung trong mt ln hoc trong mt khang thi gian; mt liu qu
ln )
Ex: Do not take more of the medicine than the doctor ordered; an overdose may be dangerous.
(Ch nn ung thuc nhiu qu mc bc s bo; ung qu liu c th nguy him.)

19) Overestimate / 'ouvr'estimit/ (noun; t. verb)
= To make too high an estimate (rough calculation) of the worth or size of something or someone;
overvalue
(nh gi, lng gi qu cao; nh gi qu cao, qu mc )
Ex: Joe overestimate the capacity of the bus when he thought it could hold 60; it has room for only
48.
(Joe c lng sc cha ca chic xe bus qu cao khi anh ta ngh rng n c th ch n 60; n
ch ch cho 48 ngi thi.)

20) Overgenerous /'ouvr 'denrs/ (adjective)

= To liberal in giving; excessively openhanded
(Qu phng tng khi cho ra; qu rng ri, ho phng )
Ex: Because the service was poor, mother thought dad was overgenerous in leaving the waiter a
15% tip.
(V phc v ti nn m ti ngh rng cha ti qu ho phng khi cho ngi bi tin phc v 15%.)

21) Overshadow / ,ouv'dou/ (t. verb)
= To cash a shadow over; be more important than; outweigh
(Lm cho lu m; quan trng hn; nng k hn, quan trng hn )
Ex: Garys errors in the field overshadowed his good work at the plate.
(Nhng sai lm ca Gary trong sn bng r lm lu m ng tc xut sc ca anh lc tin st vo
r thy banh vo.)

22) Oversupply / 'ouvs'plai/ (noun; t. verb)
= Too great a supply; an excessive supply
(Cung ng, cung cp qu nhiu; qu tha )
Ex: We have a shortage of skilled technicians but an oversupply of unskilled workers.
(Chng ti thiu nhng chuyn gia c k nng nhng qu tha cng nhn khng chuyn mn.)

23) Overwhelm / ,ouv'welm/ (t. verb)
= To cover over completely; overpower; overthrow; crush
(Trn ngp, chn vi han ta; p o; lt , nh bi; bp )
Ex: The department store guards were nearly overwhelmed by the crowds of shoppers waiting for
the sale to begin.
(Nhng ngi bo v ca thng x gn nh b trn ngp bi m ng nhng ngi i mua sm
ch cho vic bn hng bt u.)

P DNG NHNG IU HC

(Page 280 282)
Nh hc trn, cc tin t - prefix: fore- mang ngha trc, u, mis- mang ngha
xu, sai, khng ng, over- v out- mang ngha hn, qu, nhiu hn mc , Vic ghi nh
cc tin t ny gip ta d nh t vng v i lc an nhng t mi mt cch chnh xc hn. Th
gin xu vi bi tp bn di.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 5: Change each of the following expressions to a single word beginning with fore-, mis-,
out-, or over-. The first answer has been filled in as an example:
1. Seen beforehand _____ => Foreseen
2. Badly matched _____
3. Grown to excess _____
4. Use wrongly _____
5. Cooked too much _____
6. Person beyond the law_____
7. Wrong interpretation _____
8. Doom beforehand _____
9. Ride faster than _____
10. Inform incorrectly _____
11. To cautious _____
12. Bad calculation _____
13. Front feet (of a four-legged animal) _____
14. Too simplified _____
15. Swim better than _____
16. Govern badly _____
17. Stay too long _____
18. One who runs before _____
19. Wrong statement _____
20. Shout louder than _____

Lm th nha:

2. Badly matched => Dng tin t mis- => mismatch
=> p n ng: Mismatched = Khng xng i

3. Grow to excess => Ch excess c ngha l qu mc -> Dng tin t over - => Over grow
=> p n ng: Outgrown = qu ln, ln vt mc

4. Use wrongly => Dng tin t mis- => Misuse
=> p n ng: Misuse = S dng sai, s dng khng ng

5. Cooked too much => Dng tin t over- => Overcooked
=> p n ng: Overcooked = Nu qu chn

6. Person beyond the law => Dng tin t over- =>
=> p n ng: Outlaw = K sng ngai vng php lut

7. Wrong interpretation => Dng tin t mis- => Misinterpretation
=> p n ng: Misinterpretation = Gii thch sai, hiu sai

8. Doom beforehand => Dng tin t fore- => Foredoom
=> p n ng: Foredoom = Tin nh phi chu s phn bt hnh; tai ha, cht.

C nh vy, da vo mt s yu t c sn thit lp mt t mi. ng sai th kim tra t in sau.
9. Ride faster than
=> p n ng: Outride = Li nhanh hn

10. Inform incorrectly
=> p n ng: Misinform = Thng bo khng chnh xc

11. Too cautious
=> p n ng: Overcautious = Qu cn thn

12. Bad calculation
=> p n ng: Miscalculation = Tnh tan sai.

13. Front feet
=> p n ng: Forefeet = chn trc

14. Too simplified
=> p n ng: Oversimplified = Qu n gin ha, n gin ha qu mc

15. Swim better than
=> p n ng: Outswim = Li hn, bi gii hn

16. Govern badly
=> p n ng: Misgovern = Cai tr ti, d, km

17. Stay too long
=> p n ng: Outstay = li qu lu

18. One who runs before
=> p n ng: Forerunner = Ngi i u, i tin phong

19. Wrong statement
=> p n ng: Misstatement = Khng nh sai lc

20. Shout louder than
=> p n ng: Outshout = La ln hn.

Cn nguyn tc khi no dng out- khi no dng over- ca t mang ngha: qu, hn, :

out-
surpassing, exceeding outperform
external, away from outbuilding, outboard
over-
excessively, completely overconfident, overburdened, overjoyed
upper, outer, over, above overcoat, overcast

Mc d c hai t ny u din t mt tnh cht no vt qu mc nhng khng c
ngha l ta c th dng out- thay cho over- c. Ni chung l nhn ci bng, tra t in xong xui,
khng bit nguyn tc dng 2 t ny l g lun T vng th hc thuc, bit vy thi ^-^ :

Out-:
- Surpassing (adjective): Vt hn, tri hn
- Exceeding (adjective): Vt tri, qu chng
- External (adjective): bn ngai
- Away from (adverb): Xa
Over-:
- Excessively (adverb): Qu chng, qu ng
- Completely (adverb): Han tan, trn vn

- Upper (adjective): Cao hn
- Outer (adjective): pha ngoi
- Above (adverb): trn, pha trn.

Cn mt bi tp ny cng th v lm. Mi ngi lm th. n li t mi lun:

Exercise 6: In the space provided, write the letter of the word not related in meaning to the other
words in each line.
1. (A) Ancestor (B) Forefather (C) Descendant (D) Forebear
Meaning: (A) ng b (B) T ph (C) Con chu (D) T tin

2. (A) Outlived (B) Survived (C) outlasted (D) Outwitted
Meaning: (A)Sng lu hn (B)Sng lu hn
(C)Tn ti lu hn (D)Thng minh hn

3. (A) Principal (B) Foremost (C) Latest (D) Chief
Meaning: (A) Chnh yu (B) Hng u (C) Mun nht (D) Chnh yu

4. (A) Misgiving (B) Blunder (C) Foreboding (D) Presentiment
Meaning: (A) Lo u (B) Sai lm (C) im xu (D) Linh cm

5. (A) Overcast (B) Overburden (C) Overload (D) Overtax
Meaning: (A) Lm u m, my ph (B) Cht qua nng
(C) nh thu nng (D) nh thu nng.

6. (A) Luck (B) Foresight (C) Prudence (D) Forethought
Meaning: (A) May mn (B) Thy trc (C) Cn thn (D) Suy ngh trc

7. (A) Output (B) Yield (C) Surrender (D) Product
Meaning: (A) Xut lng (B) Nng sut (C) u hng (D) Sn phm

8. (A) Misfortune (B) Mishap (C) Mischance (D) Mistrust
Meaning: (A) Bt hnh (B) iu khng may
(C) S khng may (D) Khng tin tng

9. (A) Overbearing (B) Beguiling (C) Deluding (D) Misleading
Meaning: (A) Kiu ngo (B) nh la
(C) nh la (D) Dn n ch sai, la gt

10. (A) Prediction (B) Prophecy (C) Forecast (D) Fortune
Meaning: (A) Tin an (B) Tin tri (C) Tin an (D) S phn

WEEK 28
(Page 290)

TRC NGHIM S KHI

PRETEST 2

Insert the letter of the best answer in the space provided.
1. An understudy is not a _____ performer.
(A) Prepared (B) Substitute (C) Regular
Dch ngha: Din vin phng h th khng phi l din vin chnh thc.

(A) c chun b (B) Thay th (C) chnh thc

2. Cars with a high upkeep _____
(A) Use less costly fuels
(B) Are often in the repair shop
(C) Pick up speed rapidly
Dch ngha: Nhng chic xe c ph bo hnh cao th thng vo ga-ra sa cha
(A) Dng nhiu nhin liu t t tin hn.
(B) Thng vo garage sa cha
(C) Tin ti tc cao, nhanh hn

3. A withdrawal is the same as _____
(A) A retreat (B) A deposit (C) An attack
Dch ngha: Rt lui th cng ging nh trit thai.
(A) Trit thai (B) K thc (C) Cuc tn cng

4. When you wish to _____ something in your composition, you may underscore it.
(A) Stress (B) Correct (C) Erase
Dch ngha: Khi bn mun nhn mnh mt iu g trong bi lun ca bn, bn c th gch
di iu .
(A) Nhn mnh (B) ng (C) Xa i

5. An unabridged dictionary _____
(A) Is not complete
(B) Has no illustration
(C) Has not been shortened
Dch ngha: Mt quyn t in y th khng b rt gn
(A) Th khng han chnh
(B) Khng c hnh nh
(C) Khng b ct bt, thu gn li.
Phn t vng s hc v cc tin t sau: Un-, under-, up-, v with-

(Page 290 298 )
5. UN-: Not, lack of, do the opposite of, remove or release from

1) Unabridged / ,n'bridd/ (adjective)
= Not abridged; not made shorter; complete
(Khng rt ngn; khng lm cho ngn hn; y )
Ex: Though an abridged dictionary is convenient to use, it contains far fewer definitions than an
unabridged dictionary.
(Mc d quyn t in rt gn th tin li s dng nhng n cha qu t nh ngha so vi mt
quyn t in y .)

2) Unbiased / ,n'baist/ (adjective)
= Not biased; not prejudiced in favor of or against; fair
(Khng thin lcy; khng c nh kin tt hay xu; cng bng )
Ex: Dont ask the mother of a contestant to serve as a judge because it may be hard for her to remain
unbiased.
(ng yu cu b m ca mt ngi d gii ng vai gim kho bi v c l b y kh c th gi
c s cng bng khng thin v.)

3) Unconcern / ,nkn's:n/ (noun)
= Lack of concern, anxiety, or interest; indifference
(Thiu s quan tm, lo lng hoc ch ; dng dng )
Ex: The audience was breathless with anxiety during the daring tightrope act, though the acrobats
themselves performed with seeming unconcern for their own safety.
(Khn gi nn th v hi hp vo m i dy gan d mc d chnh cc din viin biu din dng
nh chng quan tm g n s an tan ca chnh h.)

4) Undeceive / ,ndi'si:v/ (t. verb) => Deceive: la di.
= Free from deception or mistaken ideas; set straight
(Gii phng khi s lng gt hoc nhng tng sai lm; trnh by li cho ng )
Ex: If you think I can get Mr. Owens to hire you because he is my cousin, let me undeceive you. I
have no influence with him.
(Nu anh ngh rng ti c th lm cho ng Owens tuyn dng anh bi v ng y l an hem h ca ti,
th anh hy ti gii thch li cho ng. Ti khng c mt nh hng no i vi ng ta.)

5) Ungag / (')n'gg/ (t. verb)
= Remove a gag from; release from censorship
(Cho t do, gii tr s hn ch; khng kim duyt na )
Ex: With the dictators downfall, the censorship decrees were abolished and the press was ungagged.
(Vi s sp ca nh c ti, ngh nh kim duyt bo ch b xa b v bo ch c t do.)

6) Unnerved / ,n'n:vd/ (adjective)
= Deprive of nerve or courage; cause to lose self-control; upset
(Lm mt tinh thn, mt can m; lm mt t ch, lm cho bun ru lo lng )
Ex: The unsportsmanlike noises of the tans so unnerved our star player that he missed two foul shots
in a row.
(Ting la n o khng c tinh thn th thao ca nhng ngi i m lm cho ngi cu th sng
chi ca chng ti mt tinh thn n anh y hng hai c pht lin tip.)

7) Unquenchable / n'kwentbl/ (adjective)
= Not quenchable; not capable of being satisfied; inextinguishable
(Khng kht, khng tha mn; khng th dp tt c )
Ex: Many teenagers have an unquenchable thirst for adventure stories; they read one after another.
(Nhiu ngi tr c mt s khao kht khng ngui i vi nhng cu chuyn phiu lu; h c
ht truyn ny n truyn khc.)

Unscramble / ,n'skrmbl/ (verb)
= Do the opposite of scramble; restore to intelligible form
(Sp xp li; ti to li hnh thc c th hiu c )
Ex: The previous secretary had mixed up the files so badly that it took my sister about a week to
unscramble them.
(Ngi th k trc y lm ln xn cc h s n ch ti phi tn n mt tun l sp xp
li.)

9) Unshackle / ,n'kl/ (t. verb)
= Release from a shackle (anything that confines the legs or arms); set free from restraint
[Tho khi cng, cm, xch (Dng c kha tay chn ); gii that khi s hn ch )
Ex: When mutinous sailors were put in irons in the olden days, nobody was allowed to unshackle
them.
(Khi nhng ngi thy th ni lan b cm vo xch st vo nhng thi xa xa, khng ai c php
m cm cho h.)

10) Unwary / n'weri/ (adjective)
= Not wary; not alert; heedless
(Khng cn thn; khng cnh gic; v t, khng quan tm )
Ex: An unwary pedestrian is much more likely to be struck by a car than one who looks both ways
and crosses with the light.
(Mt ngi khch b hnh v t th d b xe ng hn mt ngi cn thn trng chng c hai bn
ng v bng qua khi n giao thng cho php.)


(Page 296 302)
6. UNDER-: beneath, lower, insufficient(ly)
(Bn di, thp hn, khng

1) Underbrush (noun) /'ndbr/ = Underwood /'ndwud/
= Shrubs, bushes, etc. , Growing beneath large trees in a wood; undergrowth
(Cy nh, bi, lm, mc ln di cy to trong rng; ng ngha vi undergrowth)
Ex: On its way through the dense jungle, the patrol had to be constantly wary of enemy, soldiers
concealed in the underbrush.
(Trn con ng xuyn qua khu rng rm rp, tan tun tiu phi khng ngng cnh gc binh s ca
qun th n nu trong cc bi lm.)

2) Underdeveloped (adjective) /,nddi'velpt/
= Insufficiently developed because of a lack of capital and trained personnel for exploiting natural
resources.
(Pht trin khng y v thiu vn v nhn s c hun luyn khai thc ti nguyn thin nhin;
km pht trin )
Ex: Our country has spent billions of dollars to help the underdeveloped nations improve their
standard of living.
(t nc chng ti chi ra nhiu t la gip cc quc gia km pht trin ci thin mc
sng ca h.)

3) Undergraduate (noun) /,nd'grdut/
= (Literally, lower than a graduate a student in a college or university who has not yet earned his
first degree
[(Ngha en: Thp hn sinh vin cao hc sinh vin ti trng cao ng hoc i hc cha tt
nghip bng u tin (c nhn )]
Ex: Most undergraduates take four years to earn a degree, but some achieve it sooner by attending
summer sessions.
(Phn ng cc sinh vin ban c nhn hc 4 nm ly vn bng, nhng mt s ngi han thnh
hc trnh sm hn bng cch hc cc kha h.)

4) Underpayment (noun) /,nd'peimnt/
= Insufficient payment
(Khng ng , khng thanh tan )
Ex: If too little is deducted from Dads weekly wages for income tax, it results in an underpayment
at the end of the year.
(Nu nh khu tr lng hng tun ca cha ti qu t cho thu thu nhp kt qu s l khng ng
vo cui nm.)

5) Underprivileged (adjective, noun) / ,nd'privilidd/

= Insufficiently privileged; deprived through social or economic oppression of some of the
fundamental rights supposed to belong to all.
(Khng c, khng c quyn li y ; do p bc x hi hoc kinh t nn b tc i nhng quyn
c bn m mi ngi u c )
Ex: The underprivileged child from the crowed slum tenement has many more problems to
overcome than the child from the middleclass home.
(Nhng a tr khng c quyn sng trong khu nh chut c nhiu vn kh khn phi khc
phc hn l nhng a tr ca nhng gia nh thuc giai cp trung lu.)

6) Underscore / ,nd'sk:/ (t. verb) = Underline
= Draw in line beneath; emphasize
(Gch di; nhn mnh )
Ex: When we take notes, our teacher wants us to underscore items that are especially important.
(Khi chng ti ghi bi ging, thy gio chng ti mun chng ti gch di nhng mc c bit
quan trng.)

7) Undersell / 'nd'sel/ (t. verb)
= Sell at a lower price than
(Bn vi gi thp hn )
Ex: When discount houses tried to undersell department stores, the latter reduced prices too, and
adopted the slogan We will not be undersold.
(Khi cc ca hng chit khu c gng bn vi gi thp hn cc thng x, th cc thng xa cng
gim gi theo v h a khu hiu Chng ti s khng cho ai bn vi gi thp hn.

Undersigned / ,nd'saind/ (plural or singular noun)
= Person or persons who sign at the end of (literally, under a letter or document.
(Ngi hoc nhng ngi k bn di bc tranh hoc mt vn kin )
Ex: Among the undersigned in the petition to the governor were some of the most prominent
persons in the state.
(Trong s nhng ngI k tn trn bn thnh nguyn gI cho ng thng c c mt s ngI nm
trong s nhng ngI nI danh nht trong bang.)

9) Understatement / 'ndsteitmnt/ (noun)
= A statement below the truth; a restrained statement in mocking contrast to what might be said.
(Khng nh dI s tht; khng nh thu gim c ch giu tng phn lI iu nh ni )
Ex: Franks remark that he was slightly bruised in the acclient is an understatement; he suffered
two fractured ribs.
(Ghi nhn ca Frank rng hn ta ch hi b xy xt trong tai nn l mt khng dnh dI s tht;
s tht hn ta b gy hai xng sn.)

10) Understudy / 'nd,stdi/ (noun)
= One who studies under and learns the part of a regular performer so as to be his substitude if
necessary
(NgI ng vai phng h nghin cu, hc vai din ca din vin chnh phng khi cn thit s
thay th.)
Ex: While the star is recuperating from her illness, her role will be played by her understudy.
(Trong khi n ti t chnh dang hI phc sc kho, vai din ca c s c mt ti t ph ng
th.)

7. UP-: up, up ward
(Ln, n, hng ln, hng n

11) Upcoming / p 'kmi/ (noun, verb)

= Coming up; being in the near future; forthcoming; approaching
(n; sp n; ang n )
Ex: The management wil be glad to mail you its Future Attractions leaflet which contains news of
upcoming films.
(Ban qun l s hn hoan gI cho anh t qung co cc phim hp dn tng lai cha tin tc cc
phim sp chiu.)

12) Update / ,p'deit/ (t. verb, noun)
= Bring up to date
(Cp nht ho )
Ex: Our world geography teacher has just received an updated map that shows the latest national
boundaries.
(Thy gio dy a l th giI ca chng ti va mI nhn c mt ho c cp nht ho ch
r bin giI cc quc gia mI nht.)

13) Upgrade / p'greid/ (t. verb)
= Raise the grade or quality of; improve
(Nng cp hoc nng cao cht lng; ci tin )
Ex: To qualify for better jobs, many employees attend evening courses where they can upgrade their
skill.
( c kh nng m nhim nhng ch lm tt hn, nhiu nhn vin tham d cc kho hc tI m
h c th nng cao k nng chuyn mn ca h.)

14) Upheaval / p'hi:vl/ (noun)
= Violent heaving up; commotion; extreme agitation
(NI ln mnh m; bo ng; hot ng d dI )
Ex: The prime ministers proposal for new taxes created such an upheaval that his government fell.
( ngh cc th thu mI ca ng th tng gy ra s chng I d dI n chnh ph ca
ng .)

15) Upkeep / 'pki / (noun)
= Maintenance (keeping up ; cost of operating and reparing
(Bo tr; chi ph hot ng v sa cha)
Ex: Our neighbor traded in his old car because the upkeep had become too high.
(NgI lng ging ca chng ti bn i chic xe hi c ca ng ta bI v chi ph bo tr qu cao.)

16) Upright / 'prait/ (adjective, adverb)
= Standing up straight on the feet; erect
(ng thng trn hai chn; dng ng )
Ex: When knocked off his feet, the boxer waited till the count of nine before returning to an upright
position.
(Khi b nh ng, ngi v s quyn anh y ch m cho n 9 th mI tr lI vI t th ng
thng.)

17) Uproot / p'ru:t/ (t. verb)
= Pull up by the roots; remove completely; eradicate; destroy
(Nh ko ln c r; xo sch hon ton; tiu dit; hu dit )
Ex: The love of liberty is so firmly embedded in mens hearts that not tyrant can hope to uproot it.
(Lng yu chung t do n r su trong tim con ngI n khng mt nh c ti no c th
hy vng hy dit c.)

1 Upstart / 'pst:t/ (noun)
= Person who has suddenly risen to wealth and power, especially if he is conceited and unpleasant

(K mI pht ln, giu ln hoc c quyn th thnh lnh, c bit khi ng ta kiu cng v d ght )
Ex: When the new representative entered the legislature, some older members received him coldly
because they regarded him as an upstart.
(Khi v I biu y tin vo c quan lp php, mt vi thnh vin c hn tip n ng ta lnh nht
bI v h xem ng ta l mt k mI pht kiu cng.)

19) Upturn / 'pt:n/ (noun, t. verb)
= Upward turn toward better conditions
(Hng ln v pha tnh trng tt hn )
Ex: Most merchants report a slowdown in sales for October, but confidently expect an upturn with
the approach of Christmas.
(Phn ln cc thng gia bo co vic bn hng tr tr vo thng 10, nhng tin tng rng khi
Ging Sinh n tnh hnh s tt hn.)

(Page 302 315)

8. WITH-: back, away, against
1) Withdraw / wi'dr:; wi'dr:/ (t. verb, i. verb)
= Take or draw back or away
(Rt li, ly li, rt khi, ly khi )
Ex: Tom is my principal backer; if he withdraws his support, I dont see how I can be elected.
(Tom l ngi ng h chnh yu ca ti; nu anh y rt li s h tr, ti khng thy c lm th
no ti c th c bu.)

2) Withdrawal / wi'dr:l/ (noun)
= Act of taking back or drawing out from a place of deposit
(Vic rt tin k thc )
Ex: My uncle paid for his vacation trip by making a withdrawal from his bank account.
(Ch ti tr chi ph cho chuyn i ngh h bng cch rt tin k thc t mt ti khon ngn hng ca
ch.)

3) Withdrawn / wi'dr:n/ (adjective)
= Drawn back or removed from easy approach; socially detached; uresposive; introverted
(Rt lui hoc tch ri khng d tip cn lm quen; tc bit v mt x hi, khng thch giao du; khng
m ng; hng ni )
Ex: We talked to the neighbors youngster and tried to be friendly, but he didnt say anything; he
seemed to be withdrawn.
(Chng ti ni chuyn vi mt chng trai tr ca mt ngi lng ging v c gng lm bn, nhng
anh ta chng ni g; hn ta dng nh sng khp kn.)

4) Withhold / wi'hould; wi'hould/ (t. verb)
= Hold back; keep from giving; restrain
(Gi li; khng ni ra; hn ch )
Ex: Please dont interrupt me. If you have something to say, withhold your comment until I have
finished speaking.
(Xin ng ngt li ti. Nu anh c iu g ni th hy khoan pht biu cho n khi ti ni
xong.)

5) Withholding tax // ()
= Sum withheld or deducted from wages for tax purposes

(Thu khu lu, khu tr vo lng bng )
Ex: Your employer is required to deduct a certain amount from your salary as a withholding tax
payable to the federal government.
(Ch nhn cu anh c yu cu khu tr mt khon tin t s lng cu anh np thu khu lu
cho chnh ph lin bang.)

6) Withstand // ()
= Stand up against; hold out; resist; endure
(ng ln chng li; chu ng; khng; chu ng )
Ex: The walls of a dam must be strong enough to withstand tremendous water pressure.
(Nhng bc tng cu p nc phi mnh chu ng c p lc nc khng khip.)

7) Notwithstanding // ()
= (Literally, not standing against in spite of; despite
[(Nghi en khng ng ra chng li mc d ]
Ex: Notwithstanding their advantage of height, the visiting players were unable to beat our basketball
team.
(Mc d h c li th v chiu cao, cc u th cu i khch cng khng th nh bi i bng r
cu chng ti.)

P DNG NHNG G HC


(Page 302 315)

8. WITH-: back, away, against
1) Withdraw / wi'dr:; wi'dr:/ (t. verb, i. verb)
= Take or draw back or away
(Rt li, ly li, rt khi, ly khi )
Ex: Tom is my principal backer; if he withdraws his support, I dont see how I can be elected.
(Tom l ngi ng h chnh yu ca ti; nu anh y rt li s h tr, ti khng thy c lm th
no ti c th c bu.)

2) Withdrawal / wi'dr:l/ (noun)
= Act of taking back or drawing out from a place of deposit
(Vic rt tin k thc )
Ex: My uncle paid for his vacation trip by making a withdrawal from his bank account.
(Ch ti tr chi ph cho chuyn i ngh h bng cch rt tin k thc t mt ti khon ngn hng ca
ch.)

3) Withdrawn / wi'dr:n/ (adjective)
= Drawn back or removed from easy approach; socially detached; uresposive; introverted
(Rt lui hoc tch ri khng d tip cn lm quen; tc bit v mt x hi, khng thch giao du; khng
m ng; hng ni )
Ex: We talked to the neighbors youngster and tried to be friendly, but he didnt say anything; he
seemed to be withdrawn.
(Chng ti ni chuyn vi mt chng trai tr ca mt ngi lng ging v c gng lm bn, nhng
anh ta chng ni g; hn ta dng nh sng khp kn.)

4) Withhold / wi'hould; wi'hould/ (t. verb)
= Hold back; keep from giving; restrain
(Gi li; khng ni ra; hn ch )
Ex: Please dont interrupt me. If you have something to say, withhold your comment until I have
finished speaking.
(Xin ng ngt li ti. Nu anh c iu g ni th hy khoan pht biu cho n khi ti ni
xong.)

5) Withholding tax // ()
= Sum withheld or deducted from wages for tax purposes
(Thu khu lu, khu tr vo lng bng )
Ex: Your employer is required to deduct a certain amount from your salary as a withholding tax
payable to the federal government.
(Ch nhn cu anh c yu cu khu tr mt khon tin t s lng cu anh np thu khu lu
cho chnh ph lin bang.)

6) Withstand // ()
= Stand up against; hold out; resist; endure
(ng ln chng li; chu ng; khng; chu ng )
Ex: The walls of a dam must be strong enough to withstand tremendous water pressure.
(Nhng bc tng cu p nc phi mnh chu ng c p lc nc khng khip.)

7) Notwithstanding // ()
= (Literally, not standing against in spite of; despite
[(Nghi en khng ng ra chng li mc d ]
Ex: Notwithstanding their advantage of height, the visiting players were unable to beat our basketball
team.
(Mc d h c li th v chiu cao, cc u th cu i khch cng khng th nh bi i bng r
cu chng ti.)

P DNG NHNG G HC

Exercise 13/ page 306: Change each of the following expressions to a single word begining with un-,
under-, up-, or with-
Un- : not, lack of, do the opposite of, remove or release from
Under- : beneath, lower, insufficient(ly)
Up- : up, upward

With- : back, away, against

1. Lying beneath _____
2. Not able to be avoided _____
3. Holds back _____
4. Insufficiently paid _____
5. Act or instance of rising up _____
6. Do the opposite of lock _____
7. Lower (criminal) part of the world _____
8. Standing up against _____
9. One who holds up, supports, or defends _____
10. Sum taken (drawn) back from a bank account _____
11. Not sociable _____
12. Upward stroke _____
13. Charged lower than the proper price _____
14. Drew back or away _____
15. Lack of reality _____
16. Stretched upward _____
17. One who holds back _____
18. Released from a leash _____
19. Beneath the surface of the sea _____
20. Upward thurst _____

P N (n t c + hc t mi )

1. Underlying / 'nd,laii/ (adjective) Nm phi di
2. Unavoidable / ,n'vidbl/ (adjective) Khng th trnh c
3. Withhold / wi'hould; wi'hould/ (t. verb) Gi li
4. Underpaid / ,nd'peid/ (adjective) Tr tin khng
5. Uprising / 'praizi/ (noun) S ni dy, cuc ni dy
6. Unlock / n'lk/ (t. verb) M
7. Underworld / 'ndw:ld/ (noun) Th gii ti phm, gii giang h
8. Withstand / wi'stnd; wi'stnd/ (t. verb) Chng li, khng
9. Upholder / p'hould/ (noun) Ngi ng h, bo v
10. Withdrawal / wi'dr:l/ (noun) S tin rt khi ti khon ngn hng
11. Unsociable / n'soubl/ (adjective) Khng c tnh ho nhp x hi
12. Upstroke / 'ps / (noun) C nh ln phi trn
13. Undercharge / 'nd(r)ta / (t. verb) Ly gi thp hn gi phi c
14. Withdrew / wi'drju:; wi'drju:/ (adjective) Rt lui hoc rt khi
15. Unreality / ,nri'lti/ (noun) Thiu hin thc, thc ti o
16. Upstretched / p'stretd/ (verb) Cng, ko ln phi trn
17. Withholder / wi'hould; wi'hould/ (noun) Ngi gi li, ngi khu lu
18. Unleashed /n


ENGLARGING VOCABULARY THOUGH LATIN PREFIXES
(M rng vn t vng qua cc tip u ng Latinh)

TRC NGHIM S KHI

(Page 314)

Insert the letter of the best answer in the space provided.

1) Postscripts are specially helpful to the letter writer who _____
(A)Forgets to answer
(B) Answer too late
(C)Makes omissions
2) Bicameral legislatures _____
(A) Serve for two years
(B) Consist of two houses
(C) Meet twice a year
3) There is more excitement over the advent of spring than over its _____
(A) Departure
(B) Onset
(C) Arrival
4) Marvin antedates me as a member because he joined the club _____ me.
(A) After
(B) With
(C) Before
5) A semidetached building touches _____
(A)One
(B) No
(C)Two
6) Was the story absorbing or _____ ?
(A) True to life
(B) Interesting
(C) Boring

1- C 2-B 3-A 4-C 5-A 6-C

(Page 316 322)
1. AB-, A-, ABS-: from, away, off
The prefix ab (sometimes written a or abs) means from = t, away = khi, or of = tch ra.
Examples:

Prefix Root New word

AB (off ) + RUPT (broken ) = ABRUPT (Broken off, sudden )
(Khi ) (Gy ) (Gy ra; thnh lnh )
A (away ) + VERT (turn ) = AVERT (Turn away )
(Khi ) (Xoay, y ) (Xoay, y khI )
ABS (from ) + TAIN (hold ) = ABSTAIN (hold from; refrain )
(Khi ) (Gi li ) (Gi li, t kim ch )

1) Abdicate / 'bdikeit/ (t. verb; i. verb)
= Formally remove oneself from; give up; relinquish, surrender

(Chnh thc t mnh rI khI; nhng lI; t b; t b s hu, quyn kim sot iu khin; thoi v
)
Ex: The aging king abdicated his throne and went into retirement.
(V vua gi ri khi ngai vng v ngh hu.)

2) Abduct / b'dkt/ (t. verb)
= Carry off by force; kidnap
(Mang i bng sc mnh, bt cc )
Ex: The Greeks attached Troy to recover Helen who had been abducted by the Trojan prince Paris.
(Ngi Hi Lp tin cng thnh Troy cp li nng Helen b ng hong thnh Troy tn l Paris
bt i.)

3) Abhor / b'h:/ (t. verb) [T tri nghi: Admire ]
= Shrink from; detest; loathe; hate
(Co rt lI; ght; rt ght; ght )
Ex: Janet is doing her best to pass English because she abhors the thought of having to repeat it in
summer school.
(Janet ang c gng n mc tI a umn ting Anh bI v c s khi ngh n vic phI hc lI
trong kho hc h.)

4) Abnormal / b'n:ml/ (adjective)
= Deviating from the normal; unusual; irregular
(i lch khI s bnh thng; bt thng; bt thng; khng nh thng l )
Ex: We had three absences today, which is abnormal. Usually, everyone is present.
(Chng ti c n 3 ngi vng mt hm nay, y l iu bt thng. Thng th mi ngi u c
mt.)

5) Abrasion / 'brein/ (noun)
= Scraping or wearing away of the skin by friction
(Ch xy xt ngoi do ng chm )
Ex: The automobile was a total wreck but the driver, luckily escaped with minor cuts and abrasion.
(Chic xe hi th hon ton h hng, nhng ngI ti x may mn thay thot c, ch b mt vi
vt ct nh v xy xt.)

6) Abrupt / 'brpt/ (adjective)
= Broken off; sudden; unexpected
(Thnh lnh; t ngt; bt cht )
Ex: Todays art lesson came to an abrupt end when the gongs sounded for a fire drill.
(Bi hc ngh thut hm nay chm dt t ngt khi ting kng vang ln bo ng thc tp l
chy.)

7) Abscond / b'sknd/ (i. verb)
= Steal off and hide; depart secretly; flee
(nh cp v ln trn; b mt trn i, trn chy )
Ex: A wide search is under way for the manager who absconded with $10,000 of his employers
funds.
(Mt cuc truy tm rng ri din ra v vin qun l trn i cng vI 10.000 la qu tin cu ng
ch.)

Absolve / b'zlv/ (t. verb)
= 1. Set free from some duty or responsibility
(GiI tr khI nhim v, trch nhim; khI phI )

Ex: The fact that you were absent when the assignment was given does not absolve you from doing
the homework.
(S kin anh vng mt khi bi lm c cho khng gii tr anh khi nhim v phI lm bi tp
nh.)

= 2. Declare free from guilt or blame
(Tuyn b v tI; min trch )
Ex: Of the three suspects, two were found guilty and the third was absolved.
(Trong ba ngi b tnh nghi, hai ngi b thy l c ti v ngi th ba th min trch.)

9) Absorbing / b's:bi/ (adjective)
= Fully taking away ones attention; extremely interesting; engrossing
(Thu ht hon ton s ch ; rt l l thc; bt phI ch ht tm lc vo )
Ex: That was an absorbing book. It held my interest from beginning to end.
( l mt quyn sch rt l th. N thu ht s ch cu ti t u n cui.)

10) Abstain / b'stein/ (t. verb)
= Withhold oneself from doing something; refrain
(King c; hn ch khng lm mt iu g )
Ex: My dentist said I would have fewer cavities if I abstained from eating candy.
(ng nha s cu ti ni rng ti s b su rng t hn nu nh ti king khng n ko.)

11) Averse / 'v:s/ (adjective)
= Literally, turned from; opposed; disinclined; unwilling
(Nghi en: Ln ngc lI t; I lp lI; khng mun; khg mun )
Ex: I am in favor of the dance, but I am averse to holding it on May 25.
(Ti tn thnh khiu v nhng ti chng li vic t chc khiu v vo ngy 25 thng nm.)

12) Avert / 'v:t/ (t. verb)
= Turn away, ward off; prevent
(Quay i; phng ng; ngn ng )
Ex: The mayor promised to do everything in his power to avert a strike by newspaper employees.
(ng th trng h lm mI cch trong thm quyn cu ng ngn ng cuc nh cng cu nhn
vin nh bo.)

13) Avocation / v:'kein/ (noun) [T tri nghi: Vocation ]
= Occupation away from ones customary occupations; hobby
(Cng vic ph; vic vui chi, giI tr; s thch vui chi )
Ex: My uncle, an accountant, composes music as an avocation.
(Ch ti, mt k ton vin, sng tc m nhc nh mt vic ph vui chi.)

2. AD-: to, toward, near

14) Adapt / 'dpt/ (t. verb)
= (Literally, fit to ) adjust; suit; fit
[(Nghi en: Thch nghi vI ) iu chnh; thch nghi; thch hp vI ]
Ex: People who work at night have to adapt themselves to sleeping in the daytime.
(Nhng ngI lm vic ban m phi thch ng vi vic ng vo ban ngy.)

15) Addicted / 'diktid/ (adjective)
= Given over (to a habit; habituated
(Tr thnh tp qun thi quen; nghin; ghin )
Ex: You will not become addicted smoking if you refuse cigarettes when they are offered.

(Anh s khng b nghin ht thuc nu anh t chI nhng iu thuc c mi.)

16) Adequate / 'dikwit/ (adjective) [T tri nghi: Inadequate ]
= Equal to, or sufficient for, a specific need; enough; sufficient
(Bng vI, cho, p ng cho mt nhu cu c bit no .)
Ex: The student who arrived ten minutes late did not have adequate time to finish the test.
(Anh sinh vin n tr 10 pht khgnc c gi lm xong bi trc nghim.)

17) Adherent / d'hirnt/ (noun)
= One who sticks to a leader, party, etc.; follower; faithful supporter
(NgI trung thnh i theo mt ln t, mt ng phi ; k i theo; ngi h tr trung thnh )
Ex: You can count on Marthas support in your campaign for re-election. She is one of your most
loyal adherents.
(Anh c th n tin tng vo s ng h cu Martha trong chin dch ti tranh c cu anh. C y l
mt trong nhng ngi ng h trung thnh nht cu anh.)

1 Adjacent / 'deisnt/ (adjective) [T tri nghi: Distant ]
= Lying near; neighboring; bordering
(Nm gn; ln cn; k mt bn )
Ex: The island of Cuba is adjacent to Florida.
(o Cuba th k cn tiu bang Florida.)

19) Adjoin / 'din/ (verb)
= Be next to; be in contact with
(K bn, tip xc vI )
Ex: Mexico adjoins the United States.
(Mexico th tip gip vi Hoa K.)

20) Adjourn / 'd:n/ (verb)
= Put off to another day; suspend a meeting to resume at a future time; defer
(DI lI mt ngy khc; hon mt buI hp s tip tc hp trong tng lai; hon li )
Ex: The judge adjourned the court to the following Monday.
(V thm phn hon phin to lI vo th hai k tip.)

IETLS VOCABULARY WEEK 32

(Page 322 329)

2. AD-: to, toward, near

1) Advent / 'dvnt/ (noun)
= A coming to; arrival; approach
(n; n ni; tin n gn )
Ex: The Weather Bureau gave adequate warning of the advent of the hurricane.
(S kh tng cnh bo kp thI khi cn bo sp xy n.)

2) Adversary / 'dvsri/ (noun) [T tri nghi: Ally ]
= Person turn toward or facing another as an opponent; foe; contestant
(NgI hng v hoc I din k khc vI t cch I th; k th; ngI d tranh - d u )
Ex: Before the contest began, the champion shook hands with his adversary.
(Trc khi cuc u vt bt u, nh v ch bt tay vI I th cu ng ta.)

3) Adverse / 'dv:s/ (adjective) [T tri nghi: Favorable ]
= In opposition to ones interest; hostile; unfavorable
(Ngc lI vI quyn lI; th nghch; khng thun lI )
Ex: Because of adverse reviews, the producer announced that the play will close with tonights
performance.
(BI v c nhng bi ph bnh bt li, ng gim c sn xut thng bo rng v kch s chm dt
vI buI din tI nay.)

3. ANTE-: before
4. POST-: after

4) Antecedent / ,nti'si nt/ (noun) [T tri nghi: Descendants ]
= Ancestor; forefathers
(ng b, t tin )
Ex: Ronalds antecedents came to this country more than a hundred years ago.
(T tin cu Ronald n t nc ny cch y hn 100 nm.)

5) Antedate / 'ntideit/ (t. verb)
= 1. Assign a date before the true date
(Ghi ngy thng trc ngy thc s )
Ex: If you used yesterdays date on a check written today, you have antedated the check.
(Nu nh anh ghi ngy thng hm qua trn tm chi phiu k vo ngy hm nay, nh vy l anh ghi
ngy thng trc trn chi phiu.)

= 2. Come before in date; precede
(n trc xt v mt ngy thng; i trc )
Ex: Alaska antedates Hawaii as a state, having gained statehood on January 3, 1959, seven months
before Hawaii.
(Alaska i trc Hawaii vI t cch l mt bang Alaska c hng quy ch bang vo ngy 3-1-
1959, by thng trc Hawaii.)

6) Postdate / ,poust'deit/ (t. verb)
= Assign a date after the true date
(Ghi ngy thng sau ngy tht s )
Ex: This is postdated check; it has tomorrows date on it.
(y l mt tm chi phiu ngy sau; n c ghi ngy thng vo ngy mai.)

7) Ante meridiem / 'ntim'ridim/ (adverb of time)
= Before noon
(Trc 12 gi tra )
Ex: In 9 a.m., the abbreviation a.m. stands for ante meridiem, meaning before noon
(Trong cm t 9 A.M, ch vit tt A.M c nghi l Ante meridiem: trc 12 gi tra.)

Post meridiem / 'poustm'ridim/ (adverb of time)
= After noon
(Sau 12 gi tra )
Ex: In 9 p.m., the abbreviation p.m. stands for post meridiem, meaning after noon.
(Trong cm t 9 P.M, ch vit tt P.M c nghi l post meridiem: sau 12 gi tra.)

9) Anteroom / 'ntirum/ (noun)
= Room placed before and forming an entrance to another; antechamber; waiting room.
(Tin phng: phng t phi trc v thnh lI dn vo mt phng khc; tin snh; phng ch I )
Ex: If the physician is busy when patients arrive, the nurse asks them to wait in the anteroom.

(Nu ng bc s bn khi cc bnh nhn n, c y t s bo h ngI ch tin phng.)

10) Postgraduate / ,poust'grdut/ (noun, adjective)
=Having to do with study after graduation from high school or college
(Ch cp hc sau khi tt nghip c nhn hoc sau khi tt nghip trung hc.)
Ex: After college, Marvin hopes to do postgraduate work in law school.
(Sau khi tt nghip I hc, Marvin hy vng hc chng trnh hu c nhn tI trng lut.)

11) Postmortem / ,poust'm:tem/ (noun)
= Thorough examination of a body after death; autopsy
(Khm nghim k t thi, phu nghim t thi )
Ex: The purpose of a postmortem is to discover the cause of death.
(Mc tiu cu vic khm nghim t thi l pht hin ra nguyn nhn cu ci cht.)

12) Postscript / 'pousskript/ (noun)
= Note added to a letter after it has been written.
(Ti bt, phn ghi thm vo bc th sau khi vit xong )
Ex: After signing the letter, I noticed I had omitted an important fact. Therefore, I mentioned it in a
postscript.
(Sau khi k bc th, ti nhn thy rng ti b st mt s kin quan trng. Do ti cp n
phn ti bt.)

5. BI-: two
6. SEMI-: half, partly

13) Bicameral / ,bai'kmrl/ (adjective)
= Consisting of two chambers or legislative houses
(Gm 2 vin lp php )
Ex: Our legislature is bicameral; it consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate.
(Quc hI chng ti l quc hI lng vin; n gm c H ngh vin v Thng ngh vin.)

14) Bicentennial / ,baisen'tenil]/ (adjective)
= Two hundredth anniversary
(L k nim ln th 200 )
Ex: The bicentennial of George Washingtons birth was celebrated in 1932.
(L k nim ln th 200 ngy sinh cu George Washington c t chc vo nm 1932.)

15) Biennial / bai'enil/ (adjective)
= Occurring every two years
(Xy ra c hai nm mt ln )
Ex: A defeated candidate for the House of Representatives must wait two years before running again,
because the elections are biennial.
(ng c vin tht c vo H Ngh vin phI ch 2 nm trc khi ng c tr lI, bI v bu c c
t chc 2 nm mt ln.)

16) Semiannual /,semi'njul/ (adjective)
= Occurring every half year, or twice a year; semiyearly
(Xy ra n nm mt ln; hoc mt nm hai ln; x ra n nm )
Ex: Promotion in our school is semiannual; it occurs in January and June.
(Thng hng trng chng ti th mt nm hai ln; n din ra vo thng Ging v thng Su.)

17) Bimonthly / ,bai'mnli/ (adjective, adverb)
= Occurring every two months

(Xy ra hai thng mt ln )
Ex: We receive only six bills a year because we are billed on a bimonthly basis.
(Chng ti ch nhn 6 ho n mt nm bI v chng ti c tnh ho n trn cn bn 2 thng 1
ln.)

1 Semimonthly / ,semi'mnli/ (adjective, adverb)
= Occurring every half month, or twice a month
(Xy ra n thng mt ln hoc mt thng hai ln )
Ex: Employees paid on a semimonthly basis receive two salary checks per month.
(Nhn vin c tr lng trn cn bn n thng mt ln s nhn hai chi phiu lng cho mt
thng.)

19) Bilateral / bai'ltrl/ (adjective)
= Having two sides
(C hai mt, song phng )
Ex: French forces joined the Americans in a bilateral action against the British at the Battle of
Yorktown in 1781.
(Lc lng Php kt hp vI lc lng M trong hnh ng song phng chng lI ngI Anh
trong trn nh York-Town nm 1781.)

20) Bilingual / bai'ligwl/ (adjective)
= 1. Speaking two languages equally well
(Ni 2 ngn ng nh nhau, c kh nng song ng )
Ex: Montreal has a large number of bilingual citizens who speak English and French.
(Montreal c mt s ln cng dn c kh nng song ng ni c ting Anh v ting Php.)

= 2. Written in two languages
(c vit bng hai ngn ng )
Ex: Some school in Spanish Speaking communities send bilingual notices, written in English and
Spanish, to the parents.
(Mt vi trng hc nhng cng ng ni ting Ty Ban Nha gi cc thng bo song ng vit
bng ting Anh v ting Ty Ban Nha cho cc ph huynh.)

(Page 330 - 348 )
1) Bipartisan / ,baip:ti'zn/ (adjective)
= Representing two political parties
(Lng ng )
Ex: Congressional committee are bipartisan; they consist of both Democratic and Republican
members.
(Cc y ban cu Quc Hi c tnh cht lng ng; cc u ban gm c thnh vin ng Dn Ch
ln thnh vin ng Cng Ho.)

2) Bisect / bai'sekt/ (t. verb)
= Divide into two equal parts
(Chia thnh hai phn bng nhau )
Ex: A diameter is a line that bisects a circle.
(ng knh l ng chia vng trn ra hai phn bng nhau.)

3) Semicircle / 'semis:kl/ (noun)
= Half of a circle
(Phn n vng trn )

Ex: At the end of the lesson, a group gathered about the teacher in a semicircle to ask additional
questions.
(vo cui bi hc, mt nhm tp hp chung quanh thy gio to thnh phn n ng trn hi
them cc cu hi.)

4) Semiconscious / ,semi'kns/ (adjective)
= Half conscious; not fully conscious
(Bn thc; khng thc hon ton )
Ex: In the morning, as you begin to awaken, you are in the semiconscious state.
(Vo bui sng, ngay khi bn bt u thc dy, bn trong tnh trng bn thc, n tnh, n
m.)

5) Semidetached /,semi di'ttt/ (adjective)
= Partly detached; sharing a wall with an adjoining building on one side, but detached on the other
(Tch bit mt phn, c cng mt vch tng chung vi mt to nh khc, nhng mt tng kia th
tch bit.)
Ex: All the houses on the block are attached, except the corner ones, which are semidetached.
(Tt c cc ngi nh trong mt l th gn lin vi nhau, ngoi tr ngi nh gc l th tch bit mt
n.)

6) Semiskilled / ,semi'skild/ (adjective)
= Partly skilled
(Bn chuyn mn )
Ex: Workers who enter a semiskilled occupation do not have to undergo a long period of training.
(Cng nhn lm nhng ngh nghip bn chuyn mn th khng cn phi qua mt giai on hun
luyn lu di.)

7. E-, EX-: out, from, away
8. IN-, IM-: in, into, on, against, over

7) Emigrate / 'emigreit/ (t. verb, i. verb)
= Move out of a country or region to settle in another
(Di chuyn khi mt nc, mt vng nh c mt ni khc )
Ex: In 1889, Charles Steinmetz, an engineer, emigrated from Germany.
(Nm 1889, Charles Steimentz, mt k s, ri khi nc c nh c ni khc.)

Immigrate / 'imigreit/ (i. verb)
= Move into a foreign country or region as a permanent resident
(Di chuyn vo mt quc gia khc hoc mt vng khc tr thnh ngi thng tr.)
Ex: In 1889, Charles Steinmetz immigrated to the United States.
(Nm 1889, Charles Steimetz nhp c vo Hoa K.)

9) Eminent / 'eminnt/ (adjective)
= Standing out; conspicuous; distinguished; noteworthy
(Ni bt; d thy, p vo mt; xut sc; ng ch )
Ex: Steinmetzs discovery in the field of electricity made him one of the eminent scientists of the
twentieth century.
(Nhng khm ph trong lnh vc in hc lm cho ng tr thnh mt trong nhng nh khoa hc
xut sc cu th k 20.)

10) Imminent / 'iminnt/ (adjective)
= Hanging threateningly over ones head; about to occur; impending.
(ang e do; sp xy ra; sp xy ra )

Ex: At a first flash of lightning, the beach crowd scurried for shelter from the imminent storm.
(Nhn thy tia chp u tin, m ng trn bi bin chy nhanh tim2 ch tr n cn ging bo
sp p n.)

11) Enervate / 'en:veit/ (verb)
= (Literally, take out the nerves or strength ) lessen the strength of; enfeeble; weaken
[(Nghi en: Lm mt tinh thn hoc sc mnh ) lm gim sc mnh; lm yu i; lm yu ]
Ex: Irma was so enervated by the broiling sun that she nearly fainted.
(Irma yu i di nh nng mt tri nh thiu t n c gn ngt xi.)

12) Erosion / i'roun/ (noun)
= Gradual wearing away
(Xi mn dn )
Ex: Running water is one of the principal causes of soil erosion.
(Nc chy l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn chnh yu gy ra s xi mn t.)

13) Invoke / in'vouk/ (t. verb)
= Call on for help or protection; appeal to for support.
(Ku gi gip hoc bo v; vin dn n )
Ex: Refusing to answer the question, the witness invoked the Fifth Amendment, which protects a
person from being compelled to testify against himself.
(T chi tr li cu hi, nhn chng vin dn chnh n th nm bo v khng bt buc mt ngi
lm chng chng li chnh mnh.)

14) Excise / 'eksaiz/ (t. verb)
= Cut out; remove by cutting out
(Ct khi; xo i bng cch ct khi )
Ex: With a penknife, he peeled the apple and excised the wormy part.
(Vi cy dao nh, ng ta gt v qu to v ct i phn b su.)

15) Incise / in'saiz/ (t. verb)
= Cut into; carve; engrave
(Ct vo; c chm vo; khc vo )
Ex: The letters on the monument had been incised with a chisel.
(Nhng dng ch trn tng i c khc chm vo bng mt cy c.)

16) Exclusive / iks'klu:siv/ (adjective)
= 1. Shutting out, or tending to shut out others.
(ng li, ng li khng cho k khc vo )
Ex: An exclusive club does not readily accept newcomers.
(Mt cu lc b khp kn khng sn sng chp nhn nhng k mi n.)
= 2. Not shared with others; single; sole
(Khng san s vi k khc; mt mnh; n c )
Ex: Before the game, each team had exclusive use to the field for a ten-minute practice period.
(Trc trn u, mi i c s dng sn c quyn tp dt trong 10 pht.)

17) Inclusive / in'klu:siv/ (adjective)
= (Literally, shutting in ) including the limits (dates, numbers, etc.) mentioned
[(Nghi en: gi bn trong ) bao gm gii hn (ngy thng, con s ) c cp ]
Ex: The film will be shown from August 22 to 24, inclusive, for a total of three days.
(Phim y s c chiu ngy 22 n 24 thng tm, tt c tng cng l 3 ngy [inclusive: k gm c
ngy 24].)

1 Exhibit / ig'zibit/ (verb)
= (Literally, hold out ) show; display
[(Nghi en: a ra ) cho thy, trnh by, trin lm ]
Ex: The art department is exhibiting the outstanding posters produced in its classes.
(Khoa ngh thut ang trin lm cc bch chng xut sc do lp hc thuc khoa v.)

19) Inhibit / in'hibit/ (t. verb)
= (Literally hold in ) hold in check; restrain; repress
[(Nghi en: gi li ) c ch; hn ch; xung ]
Ex: Ellen told the child not to cry, but he could not inhibit his tears.
(Ellen bo b ng khc, nhng n khng th no cm c nc mt.)

20) Expel / iks'pel/ (t. verb)
= Drive out; force out; compel to leave
(y ra; buc phi ra; trc xut )
Ex: Expelled from the university because of poor grades, the student applied for readmission the
following term.
(Buc phi ra khi vin i hc v im s thp, anh sinh vin y np n xin ti thu nhn vo
hc k sau.)

(Page 348 356 )

7. E-, EX-: out, from, away
8. IN-, IM-: in, into, on, against, over

1) Impel /impel/ (t. verb)
= Drive on; force; compel
(Thc y; y, buc; thc gic )
Ex: Greggs low mark in the midterm impelled him to study harder for the final.
(im s cu Gregg vo hc k gi thc y anh hc nhiu hn cho k cui cng )

2) Implicate /implikeit/ (t. verb)
= (Literally, fold in or involve ) show to be part of or connected with; involve
[(Nghi en: lien h, bao gm ) cho thy c s tham d hoc c lin h; bao gm ]
Ex: The accused is not the only guilty party; two other are implicated.
(B co khng phi ch c mt ngi c ti thi, cn hai ngi khc lin can n.)

3) Impugn /impju:n/ (t. verb) [T tri nghi: Advocate ]
= (Literally, fight against ) call in question; assail by words or arguments; attack as false;
contradict.
[(Nghi en: chin u chng li ) t thnh vn , nghi ng; tn cng bng li ni hoc lp lun;
tn cng cho l sai lm; ni ngc li ]
Ex: The treasurer should not have been offended when asked for a financial report. No one was
impugning his honesty.
(L ra khng nn qu xc phm ng th qu khi yu cu ng ta bo co ti chnh. Khng ai nghi ng
s trung thc cu ng.)

4) Incarcerate / in'k:sreit/ (t. verb)
= Put into prison; imprison; confine
(Tng giam, b t; giam gi )
Ex: On July 14, 1789, the people of Paris freed the prisoners incarcerated in the Bastilles.
(Vo ngy 14 thng 7, 1789 dn chng Paris gii phng t nhn b giam gi trong ngc Bastille.)

5) Inscribe / in'skraib/ (t. verb)
(Literally write on ) write, engrave, or print to create a lasting record
=[(Nghi en: vit trn ), vit, khc vo hoc in vo ghi nh lu di.]
Ex: The name of the winner will be inscribed on the medal.
(Tn ngi thng gii s c khc vo huy chng.)

6) Insurgent / in's nt/ (adjective; noun)
= 1. One who rises in revolt against established authority; rebel
(Ngi ni dy chng li nh cm quyn; qun phin lon )
Ex: The king promised to pardon any insurgent who would lay down his arms.
(Nh vua h tha th cho bt c k phin loi no chu b kh gii.)

= 2. Rebellious
(Ni lon; dy lon; khi nghi )
Ex: General Washington led the insurgent forces in the Revolutionary War.
(i tng Washington cm u lc lng khi ngnh trong cuc chin tranh Cch mng.)

9. EXTRA-: outside
10. INTRA-: within

7) Extracurricular / ,ekstrk'rikjul/ (adjective)
= Outside the regular curriculum, or course of study
(Bn ngoi chng trnh chnh thc, hoc kho hc, ch hot ng ngoi kho )
Ex: Why dont you join an extracurricular activity, such as a club, the school newspaper, or a
team?
(Ti sao anh li khng gia nhp hot ng ngoi kho, chng hn nh mt cu lc b, mt t bo
cu trng, hoc mt i th thao?)

Extraneous / eks'treinjs/ (adjective) [T tri nghi: Intrinsic ]
= Coming from or existing outside; foreign; not essential
(n t bn ngoi, hin din bn ngoi; bn ngoi; khng thit yu )
Ex: You said you stick to the topic, but you keep introducing extraneous issues.
(Anh ni rng anh s theo st ti, nhng anh vn mi a vo nhng vn bn ngoi.)

9) Extravagant / iks'trvignt/ (adjective)
= 1. [T tri nghi: restrained ] Outside the bounds of reason; excessive
(Vt khi s hp l; thi qu; l lng )
Ex: Reliable salesmen do not make extravagant claims for their product.
(Ngi bn hng tin cy c s khng qung co l lng cho sn phm cu mnh.)

= 2. [T tri nghi: Frugal ] Spending lavishly; wasteful
(Chi xi phung ph; ph phm )
Ex: In a few months, the extravagant heir spent the fortune of a lifetime.
(Trong ch mt vi thng, chng th k hoang ph y tiu ht sn nghip cu mt i ngi.)

10) Intramural / ,intr'mjurl/ (adjective) [T tri nghi: Inter-scholastic ]
= Within the walls or boundaries (of a school, college, etc.); confined to members (of a school,
college, etc.)
[Trong vng nhng bc tng hoc gii hn (cu mt trng hc, mt trng i hc, ; gii
hn cho cc thnh vin (cu mt trng hc, mt trng i hc )
Ex: The intramural program, in which one class competes with another, gives you a greater chance
to participate than the interscholastic program between teams of competing schools.

(Chng trnh ni b trong trng m lp ny u vi lp khc mang n cho bn mt c hi ln
hn tham gia hn l mt chng trnh lien trng gi nhiu i cu nhiu trng u vi nhau.)

11) Intraparty / ,intr'p:ti/ (adjective)
= Within a party
(Trong khun kh mt ng )
Ex: The Democrats are trying to heal intraparty strife so as to present a united front in the coming
election.
(Cc ng vin dn Ch ang c gng hn gn mi xung t bt ho ni b ng xut hin nh
mt mt trn thng nht trong k bu c sp n.)

12) Intrastate / ,intr'steit/ (adjective)
= Within a state
(Trong mt bang)
Ex: Commerce between the states is regulated by the Interstate Commerce Commission but
intrastate commerce is supervised by the states themselves.
(Thng mi gi cc bang th do U ban Thng mi lien bang quy nh, nhng bun bn trong
ni b mt bang th do chnh cc bang gim st.)

13) Intravenous / ,intr'vi:ns/ (adjective)
= Within or by way of the veins
(Trong mch mu hoc bng cch qua mch mu )
Ex: Patients are nourished by intravenous feeding when too ill to take food by mouth.
(Cc bnh nhn c nui sng bng s tip cht b dng qua mch mu khi h qu yu khng n
thc phm bng ng ming c.)

11. CONTRA-, CONTRO-, COUNTER-: against, contrary

14) Con / kn/ (t. verb) - Vit tt cu CONTRA [T tri nghi: Pro ]
= 1. Against; on the negative side
(Chng; v mt tiu cc )
Ex: Are you on the pro or con side of this argument?
(Anh ng v phi thun hay chng li lp lun ny.)

= 2. Opposing argument; reason against
(Lp lun chng li; l l ngc li )
Ex: Before taking an important step, carefully study the pros and cons of the matter
(Trc khi tin hnh mt bc quan trng bn ha cn thn nghin cu lp lun thun v lp lun
chng cu vn y.)

15) Contraband / 'kntrbnd/ (noun)
= Merchandise imported or exported
(Hng nhp hoc xut khu i ngc li php lut; hng lu; hng bun lu )
Ex: Customs officials examined the luggage of the suspected smuggler but found no contraband.
(Cc vin chc quan thu khm xt hnh l cu ngi b tnh nghi bun lu, nhng khng tm
thy hng lu no c.)

16) Contravene / ,kntr'vi:n/ (t. verb) [T tri nghi: Uphold ]
= Go or act contrary to; violate; disregard; infringe
(i, hnh ng ngc li; vi phm; khng ch n; xm phm )
Ex: By invading the neutral nation, the dictator contravened his earlier pledge to guarantee its
independence.

(Bng cch xm lng quc gia trung lp, nh c ti y i ngc li cam kt trc y cu ng ta
v vic bo m cho nn c lp cu quc gia ny.)

17) Controversy / 'kntrv:si/ (noun)
= (Literally, a turning against ) dispute; debate; quarrel
[(Nghi en: quay tr li chng ) tranh ci; tranh lun; ci v; tranh chp ]
Ex: Our controversy with Great Britain over the Oregon nearly led to war Territory.
(Cuc tranh chp vi nc Anh v lnh th vng Oregon gn nh dn n chin tranh.)

1 Counter / 'kaunt/ (adverb)
= (Followed by to) contrary; in the opposite direction
[(Theo sau l TO) ngc li; theo hng ngc li ]
Ex: The students plan to drop out of school ran counter to his parents wishes.
(D nh b hc cu anh sinh vin y i ngc li c mun cu cha m anh.)

19) Countermand / ,kaunt'm:nd/ (t. verb)
= Cancel (an order) by issuing a contrary order
(Hu b (mt lnh ) bng cch ra mt lnh ngc li )
Ex: The monitor ordered the student to go to the end of the line, but the teacher countermanded the
order.
(Anh trng lp ra lnh cho mt anh hc sinh phi i xung phi cui hng, nhng thy gio ra
mt lnh ngc li.)

20) Incontrovertible / ,inkntr'v:tbl/ (adjective)
= Not able to be turned against or disputed; unquestionable; certain; indisputable
(Khng th ni ngc li hoc tranh ci; khng th chi ci; khng th t thnh vn ; chc chn )
Ex: The suspects fingerprints on the safe were considered incontrovertible evidence that he had
participated in the robbery.
(Du tay cu nghi can trn t st c xem l bng chng khng th tranh ci l nghi can tham
d vo v cp.)

(Page 358 365)

12. INTER-: between

1) Intercede / ,int'si / (i. verb)
= (Literally, go between ) interfere to reconcile differences; mediate; plead in anothers behalf;
intervene
[(Nghi en: Xen vo gi ) can thip ho gii; bin h cho mt bn no ; can thip ]
Ex: My brother would have lost the argument if Dad hadnt interceded for him.
(Anh ti thua trong lp lun nu nh cha ti khng xen vo bin h cho anh.)

2) Intercept / ,int'sept/ (noun, t. verb)
= (Literally, catch between ) stop or seize on the way from one place to another
[(Nghi en: nhn li, bt vo lc gi ng ) chn hoc bt trn con ng t ni ny sang ni
khc ]
Ex: We gained possession of the ball when Russ intercepted a forward pass.
(Chng ti gi c bong khi Russ chn v bt c bong lc i phng ang giao bong tin
ln.)

3) Interlinear / ,int'lini/ (adjective)
= Inserted between lines already printed or written
(Xen vo gi hai hng ch in hay vit )
Ex: It is difficult to make interlinear, notes if the space between the lines is very small.
(Tht l kh vit xen vo gi hai hng v khong trng gi hai hng rt hp.)

4) Interlude / 'intlu / (noun)
= Go between; mediator
(S vic xy ra trong thi gian gi hai bin c; khong thi gian )
Ex: Between World War II and the Korean War, there was a five-year interlude of peace.
(Gi chin tranh th gii th 2 v cuc chin tranh Triu Tin l mt giai on ho bnh nm nm.)

5) Intermediary / ,int'mi jri/ (adjective, noun)
= Go-between; mediator
(Xen vo gi; ngi trung gian )
Ex: For his role as intermediary in helping to end the Russo-Japanese War, Theodore Roosevelt
won the Nobel Peace Prize.
(Vi vai tr trung gian gip chm dt chin tranh Nga-Nht, Theodore Roosevelt chim c
Gii thng Nobel Ho Bnh.)

6) Intermission / ,int'min/ (noun)
= Pause between periods of activity; interval; interruption
(S dng li gi cc thi k hot ng; cch khong; ct t, ngt khong )
Ex: During the intermission between the first and second acts, you will have a chance to purchase
refreshments.
(Vo lc cch khong gi hi 1 v hi 2 v kch, bn c c hi mua mt mn gii kht.)

13. IN-, IL-, IM-, IR-: not, un

7) Illegible / i'ledbl/ (adjective)
= Not legible; not able to read
(Khng c c, khng th c c )
Ex: I could read most of the signatures, but a few were illegible.
(Ti c th c c phn ln cc ch k, nhng mt vi ch th khng th c c.)

Illiterate / i'litrit/ (adjective)
= Not literate; unable to read and write; uneducated
(Khng bit ch; khng bit c v vit; v gio dc )
Ex: The new nation undertook to teach its illiterate citizens to read and write
(Mt tn quc gia m ng vic dy cho cc cng dn m ch cu mnh bit c v bit vit.)

9) Illogical / i'ldikl/ (adjective)
= Not logical; not observing the rules of logic (correct reasoning)
(Khng hp l; khng tun theo quy lut lun l (suy lun ng ) -> phi l )
Ex: It is illogical to vote for a candidate whom you have no faith in.
(Tht l phi l bu cho mt ng vin m anh khng tin tng.)

10) Immaculate / i'mkjulit/ (adjective)
= Not spotted; absolutely clean; stainless
(Khng vit bn; hon ton sch s; khng vt d )
Ex: Nearly every soap manufacturer claims his product will make dirty linens immaculate.

(Hu nh mi nh sn xut x bng u cho sn phm cu mnh s lm cho qun o d tr nn hon
ton sch s.)

11) Immature / ,im'tju/ (adjective)
= Not mature; not fully grown or developed
(Khng trng thnh; khng ln y hoc khng pht trin y -> u tr )
Ex: Dont use such baby talk! People will think you are mentally immature.
(ng ni nhng chuyn tr con nh th! Ngi ta s ngh bn u tr v mt tr tu.)

12) Impunity / im'pju:niti/ (noun)
= State of being not punished; freedom from punishment, harm, loss, etc.
(S khng trng pht; khi b trng pht, thit hi, mt mt,
Ex: As a result of stricter enforcement, speeders are no longer able to break the law with impunity.
(Nu p dng cht ch hn, nhng k thch chy qu tc s khng th no vi phm lut php m
khng b trng pht.)

13) Inaccessible // ()
= Not accessible; not able to be reached; hard to get to
(Khng th n c; khng th i n c; kh n c )
Ex: For most of the year, the Eskimo settlements in northern Quebec are inaccessible, except by air.
(Hu nh quanh nm, khu c dn Eskimo phi bc Quebec th khng th n c, ngoi tr
bng my bay.)

14) Incessant /insesnt/ (adjective)
= Not ceasing; continuing without interruption
(Khng ngng; tip tc khng lc no ngng li )
Ex: It is almost impossible to cross our street during the rush hour because of the incessant flow of
traffic.
(Hu nh khng th no bng qua ng ph cu chng ta vo gi cao im bi v dng xe c chy
lin tc.)

15) Inflexible / in'fleksbl/ (adjective)
= Not flexible: not easily bent; firm; unyielding
(Khng linh ng; khng d un cong; cng rn; khng nhng b )
Ex: No compromise is possible when both sides remain inflexible.
(Khng th c tho hip khi c hai bn u khng nhng b )

16) Ingratitude / in'grtitju / (noun)
= Fullness; lack of gratitude
(S bc n; s vong n; thiu s cm n )
Ex: Valerie refused to let me see her notes, despite the fact that I have always lent her mine. Did you
ever hear of such ingratitude?
(Valeric t chi khng cho ti xem bi ghi cu n mc d tht s ti lun lun cho n xem bi ghi
cu ti. Bn c bao gi nghe mt trng hp v n nh vy khng? )

17) Inhospitable / in'hspitbl/ (adjective)
= Not hospitable; not showing kindness to guests and strangers; unfriendly
(Khng hiu khc; khng t ra t t vi khch v ngi khch l; khng thn thin )
Ex: When the visitors come to our school, we should make them feel at home; otherwise they will
think we are inhospitable.
(Khi nhng ngi khch n thm trng chng ti, chng ti phi lm cho h cm thy thoi mi
nh nh, nu khng h s ngh rng chng ti khng hiu khch.)

(Page 376)
13. IN-; IL-, IM-, IR-: not, un-

1) Insoluble / in'sljubl/ (adjective)
= 1. Not soluble; incapable of being solved; unsolvable
(Khng gii c; khng th gii quyt c; khng th gii quyt )
Ex: Scientists are finding solutions to many problems that up to now were insoluble.
(Nhng nh khoa hc ang tm ra cc gii p cho nhiu bi ton m cho n nay cha th gii
p.)

= 2. Not capable of being dissolved
(Khng th ho tan )
Ex: Salt dissolves in water, but sand is insoluble.
(Mui ho tan trong nc nhng ct th khng th ho tan.)

2) Irreconcilable / i'reknsailbl/ (adjective)
= Not reconcilable; not able to be brought into friendly accord
(Khng th ho gii; khng th ho thun li )
Ex: After Romeo and Juliet died, their families, who had been irreconcilable enemies, became
friends.
(Sau khi Romeo v Juliet cht, gia nh cu h vn khng th ho gii tr thnh bn b cu
nhau.)

3) Irrelevant / i'relivnt/ (adjective)
= Not relevant; not applicable; off the topic; extraneous
(Khng lien h; khng th p dng cho c; ngoi ; bn ngoi, khng lien quan )
Ex: Stick to the topic; dont make irrelevant remarks.
(Hy bm st ly ch ; ng a ra nhng nhn xt b ngoi.)

4) Irrevocable / i'revkbl/ (adjective)
= Not revocable; incapable of being recalled, past recall
(Khng th rt li; khng th no hu b; vt khi s c th, rt li; thu hi li )
Ex: When the umpire says you are out, it is useless to argue because his decision is irrevocable.
(Khi trng ti bo anh phi ra khi sn, ci li khng ch li g bi v quyt nh cu ng ta l khng
th no rt li c.)

14. BENE-: good, well
15. MAL-, MALE: xu, c c

5) Benediction / ,beni'dikn/ (noun)
= (Literally, good saying Blessing; good wishes
[(Nghi en: Li ni tt s chc phc; li chc lnh ]
Ex: Before beginning his difficult journey, the young man visited his parents to receive their
benediction.
(Trc khi bt u chuyn hnh trnh kh khn, chng thanh nin y n thm cha m v nhn c
nhng li chc lnh.)

6) Malediction / ,mli'dikn/ (noun)
= (Literally, evil saying curse
[(Nghi en: LI ni c c LI nguyn ra ]
Ex: With her dying breath, Queen Dido pronounced a malediction on Aeneas and all his
descendants.

(Khi th hi th cuI cng, Hong hu Dido nguyn ru Aeneas v tt c con chu cu chng.)

7) Benefactor / 'benifkt/ (noun)
= (Literally, one who does good person who gives kindly aid, money, or a similar benefit
[(Nghi en: ngI lm iu tt NgI tt gip k khc tin bn hoc nhng phc lI tng
t, mnh thng qun, n nhn ]
Ex: The museum could not have been built without the gift of a million dollars by a wealthy
benefactor.
(Bo tng vin y khng th no c dng ln nu khng c c khong tin tng mt triu la
cu mt mnh thng qun giu c.)

Malefactor / 'mlifkt/ (noun)
= (Literally, one who does evil offender; evildoer, criminal
[(Nghi en: ngI lm iu c, xu NgI phm tI, ngI lm iu c; tI nhn
Ex: Shortly after the crime, the malefactor was apprehended and turned over to the police.
(Mt thi gian ngn sau khi phm tI c, phm nhn y b bt v giao cho cnh st.)

9) Beneficial / ,beni'fil/ (adjective) [T tri nghi: Detrimental ]
= Productive of good; helpful; advantageous
(C lI; hu ch; c lI )
Ex: Rest is usually beneficial to a person suffering from a bad cold.
(Ngh ngi thng c ch cho mt ngI v mI b cm lnh nng.)

10) Beneficiary / ,beni'firi/ (noun)
= Person receiving some good, advantage, or benefit
(Ngi hng li; hng phc li )
Ex: The sick and the needy will be the beneficiaries of your gift to the community fund.
(Ngi bnh v ngi ngho s c hng phc li t tng vt cu anh cho qu cng ng.)

11) Benevolent / bi'nevlnt/ (adjective)
= (Literally, wishing well disposed to promote the welfare of others; kind; charitable
[(Nghi en: c mun iu tt tt bng; mun iu tt, phc lI cho k khc; t t; t thin ]
Ex: A benevolent employer has a sincere interest in the welfare of his employees.
(Mt ch nhn tt bng s c s quan tm thnh tht n phc li cu nhn vin ng ta.)

12) Malevolent / m'levlnt/ (adjective)
= (Literally, Wishing ill showing ill will; spiteful
=[(Nghi en: c biu l c ; y th hn; c c ]
Ex: In Robert Louis Stevensons novel KIDNAPPED David Balfour visits a malevolent uncle who
tries to kill him.
(Trong quyn tiu thuyt KIDNAPPED cu R. L Stvenson, David Balfour n thm ngi ch c
c, ng ta mun git Balfour.)

13) Maladjusted / ml'dstid/ (adjective)
= Badly adjusted; out of harmony with ones environment
(Khng thch nghi; khng ho hp vI mi trng )
Ex: Carlo was maladjusted in the early grades, not because of poor intelligence but because he
couldnt speak English.
(Carlo khng thch nghi c trong nhng cp lp u tin, khng phI v cu km thng
minh nhng bI v cu khng ni c ting Anh.)

14) Malice / 'mlis/ (noun)

= Ill will; intention or desire to harm another; enmity; malevolence
(c ; nh hoc mun lm hI k khc; s ghen ght th nghch; xu bng )
Ex: I suspect Ronnie tripped me so that I wouldnt be able to play tomorrow. He did it not as a joke
but of malice.
(Ti nghi l Ronnie ngng chn lm cho ti ng ti khng thm tham d cuc u vo ngy
mai. Hn khng phI lm vic y u m chnh do c .)

Page 382

15) Malnutrition / ,mlnju:'trin/ (noun)
= Bad of faulty nutrition; poor nourishment
(Dinh dng xu; km dinh dng )
Ex: The lack of milk and fresh vegetables in the childs diet was responsible for his malnutrition.
(Thiu s v rau ti trong thc n cu tr l nguyn nhn dn n suy dinh dng.)

16) Maltreat / ml'tri:t/ (t. verb)
= Treat badly or roughly; mistreat; abuse
(I x xu, th bo; ngc i; hnh h )
Ex: Two news photographers were attacked by the mob and their cameras were smashed. It is
disgraceful, that they were so maltreated.
(Hai nh nhip nh sn tin b m ng tn cng v my nh cu h b p ph. Tht l ng
xu h khi h b ngc i nh th.)

16. De-: down, down from, opposite of

17) Decadent / 'dekdnt/ (adjective, noun) [T tri nghi: Flourishing; thriving ]
= (Literally, falling down deteriorating; growing worse; declining.
[(Nghi en: ri xung lm h hng; tr nn xu; suy tn ]
Ex: The decadent downtown section was once a flourishing business district.
(Khu doanh thng tn t c mt thI l mt qun doanh nghip tr ph, pht trin.)

1 Deciduous / di'sidjus/ (adjective) [T tri nghi: evergreen]
= Having leaves that fall down at the end of the growing season; shedding leaves
(C l ri vo cuI mu tng tng; thay l; rng l )
Ex: Maple, elm, birch, and other deciduous trees lose their leaves in the fall.
(Cy phong, cy du, cy t phong v nhng loi cy thay l khc vo mu thu rng ht l.)

19) Demented / di'mentid/ (adjective) [T tri nghi: Rational ]
= Out of (down from) ones mind; mad; insane; deranged
(Mt tr; in; khng; lon tr )
Ex: Whoever did this must have been demented; no sane person would have acted in such a way.
(Bt c k no lm iu ny hn phi l mt tr; khng c mt ngi bnh thng no lI hnh ng
nh vy.)

20) Demolish / di'mli/ (t. verb) [T tri nghi: Construct ]
= Pull or tear down; destroy
(Ko v ph sp; hu dit )
Ex: A wrecking crew is demolishing the old building.
(Ton p ph ang p ph to nh c.)


(Page 385 - )

1) Demote /dimout/ (t. verb) [T tri nghi: Promte ]
= Move down in grade or rank
(Ging chc; ging cp )
Ex: For being absent without leave, the corporal was demoted to private.
(Do vng mt m khng xin php, ng h s y b ging cp xung binh nh.)

2) Dependent / di'pendnt/ (adjective) [T tri nghi: Independent ]
= (Literally, hanging down, from ) unable to exist without the support of another
[(Nghi en: mc vo t ) khng th tn tI nu khng c s h tr cu kh khc, ph thuc, tu
thuc ]
Ex: Children are dependent on their parents until they are able to earn their own living.
(Tr con tu thuc vo cha m cu chng cho n khi chng c th t sinh k c.)

3) Depreciate / di'pri:ieit/ (t. verb) [T tri nghi: appreciate ]
= 1. Go down in price or value
(Gim gi; gim gi tr )
Ex: Automobiles depreciate rapidly; a $2500 car is worth less than @2000 within a year of
purchase.
(Xe hi gim gi nhanh; mt chic 2500 la th tr gi khng bng 2000 la sau khi mua mt
nm.)

2. Speak slightingly of; belittle; disparage
(Ni cho mt mt; ni hm coi thng, khng ng k )
Ex: The building superintendent feels depreciated if you refer to him as the janitor.
(ng qun l to cao c cm thy mnh b xem thng nu nh anh cp n ng ta nh l mt
ngI gc dan )

4) Despise / dis'paiz/ (t. verb) [T tri nghi: Admire ]
= Look down on; scorn; feel contempt for
(Coi thng, khinh mit; coi khinh )
Ex: Benedict Arnold was despised by his fellow Americans for betraying his country.
(Benedic b khinh khi b nhng ngI M ng bo cu anh v anh phn bI qu hng.)

16. DE- : down, down from, opposite of

5) Deviate / 'di:vieit/ (in. verb)
= Turn aside or down (From a route or rule); stray
[i lch (khi con ng hoc lch khi mt quy tc, quy nh ); i lch ]
Ex: Mr. Parker always notifies the parents when a student neglects his homework, and he will not
deviate from this rule in your case.
(ng Parker lun lun thng bo vi ph huynh khi mt hc sinh b tr vic lm bi nh v ng y
s khng i lch khi nguyn tc ny trong trng hp cu anh.)

6) Devour / di'vau/ (t. verb)
= (Literally, gulp down ) eat greedily; eat like an animal
[(Nghi en: nut, nc vo ) n tham lam; n ch con vt ]
Ex: The children must have been starved when they came in for dinner because they devoured their
food.

(L tr hn phi i lm khi chng vo n cm ti bi v chng n ngu nghin thc n cu chng.)

17. DIS-: opposite of, differently, apart, away

7) Discontent / ,diskn'tent/ (noun)
= (Usually followed by with) opposite of content; dissatisfied; discontented
[(Thng theo sau WITH) khng hi long; bt mn; khng v ]
Ex: Dan was discontent with his Spanish mark; he had expected at least 10 points more.
(Dan khng hi lng vi im s mn ting Ty Ban Nha; anh hy vng t nht phI nhiu hn 10
im n.)

Discredit /diskredit/ (noun, t. verb)
= Disbelieve; refuse to trust
(Khng tin tng; t chI khng tin; hoi nghi )
Ex: The parents discredited the childs story, since he was in the habit of telling falsehoods.
(Cha m hoi nghi cu chuyn k cu con bI v cu ta c ci thi quen hay k nhng iu
khng tht.)

9) Discrepancy / dis'krepnsi/ (noun)
= Disagreement; difference, inconsistency; variation
(Khng n khp; s sai bit; khng ph hp; sai i )
Ex: Ben should have had $8 in his wallet, but he had only $6. He could not account for the
discrepancy.
(Ben hn phi cn 8 la trong bp nhng anh li ch c 6 la. Anh khng th no gii thch c
sao li c s sai bit.)
10) Disintegrate / dis'intigreit/ (t. verb, in. verb)
= Do the opposite of integrate (Make into a whole); break into bits
(Lm phn.)
Ex: The explosion disintegrated an entire wing of the factory.
(V n lm sp ton b mt chi/ cnh cu phn xng.)

11) Dispassionate / dis'pnit/ (adjective)
= Passionate (showing strong feeling); calm; composed; impartial
[Phn nghi cu nng tnh (ch xc cm mnh ); bnh tnh; im tnh; khng thin v ]
Ex: For a dispassionate account of how the fight started, ask a neutral observer not a participant.
( c mt s tng thut li bnh tnh khng lch lc cuc u xy ra th no, bn hy hi mt
ngi quan st trung lp ng hi ngi trong cuc.)

12) Disrepair / ,disri'pe/ (noun)
= Opposite of good condition or repair; bad condition
(I lp cu tnh trng tt; tnh trng xu (Repair ngoi nghi s ch cn c nghi l tnh trng tt,
xi c, dung c )
Ex: The bicycle I lent Tom had been in good condition; but he returned it in disrepair.
(Chic xe p m ti cho Tom mn cn trong tnh trng tt; nhng khi n tr li th h hng.)

13) Dissent / di'sent/ (noun, t. verb)
= Feel differently; differ in opinion; disagree
[Cm thy khc i; khc kin; khng ng )
Ex: When the matter was put to a vote, 29 agreed and 4 dissented.
(Khi vn em ra biu quyt th c 29 thun v 4 chng.)

14) Dissident / 'disidnt/ (adjective)
= (Literally, sitting apart ) not agreeing; dissenting

[(nghi en: NgI tch ra khng ng ; chng I; ly khai ]
Ex: The compromise was welcomed by all the strikers except a small dissident group who felt that
the raises were too small.
(Tho hip c mi ngi nh cng hoanh nghnh ngoi tr mt nhm nh chng i v cm thy
rng khon tng lng l qu t.)

15) Distract / dis'trkt/ (t. verb)
= Draw away (the mind or attention); divert
(Lm phn tm; lm cho khng cn tp trung s ch ; lm cho lch i; lm lng tr )
Ex: Passengers should do nothing to distract the drivers attention from the road.
(Hnh khch khng c lm g lm lch s ch cu ngI ti x khI con ng.)

18. SE-: apart

16) Secede /sisi / (t. verb)
= (Literally, go apart ) withdrawal from an organization or federation
[(Nghi en: tch ly ) s rt khI mt t chc hoc mt lien bang; lien on ]
Ex: When Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860, South Carolina seceded from the Union.
(Khi Abraham Lincoln c bu lm tng thng nm 1860, Nam Carolina tch ri khi lin bang.)

17) Secession / si'sen/ (noun)
= (Literally, a going apart ) withdrawal from an organization or federation
[Nghi en: S tch ly ) s rt khi mt t chc hoc mt lin bang, lien on ]
Ex: South Carolina s secession was imitated by ten other states and led to the formation of the
Confederacy.
(S tch ly cu Nam Carolina c 10 bang khc bt chc v dn n s thnh lp mt lien bang
mi.)

1 Seclude /siklu / (t. verb)
= Keep apart from others: place in solitude; isolate
(Tch khI k khc; t vo ch c lp; cch ly )
Ex: Monica was so upset by her failure in math that she secluded herself and refused to see anyone.
(Monica bun ru khi c rt mn ton n c t tch ly v t chi khng gp bt c ai.)

19) Secure / si'kju/ (adjective, t. verb)
= 1. Apart or free from care, fear, or worry; confident
(Khng phI lo lng, lo s hoc lo u xao xuyt; tin tng, an tm )
Ex: Are you worried about passing the midterm exam, or do you feel secure?
(Anh c cm thy lo u v k thi gi kho hay anh cm thy an tm? )
= 2. Safe against loss, attack or danger
(An ton khng mt mt, khng b tn cng hoc nguy him )
Ex: Guests who want their valuables to be secure are urged to deposit them in the hotel vault.
(Nhng ngI khc mun nhng th qu gi cu mnh an ton th c thc gic mang k gI
chng vo hm c mi cong cu khch sn.)

P DNG NHNG IU HC

Exercise 24: In the space before each Latin prefix in column I, write the letter of its correct meaning
in column II.
Column I Column II
_____ 1. MAL, MALE (A) Opposite of, differently, apart, away

_____ 2. SE (B) Not, un-
_____ 3. BENE (C) Down, down from, opposite of
_____ 4. DIS (D) Apart
_____ 5. DE (E) Good, well
_____ 6. IN, IL, IM, IR (F) Evil, ill, bad, badly

p n: 1-F 2-D 3-E 4-A 5-C 6-B

P DNG NHNG IU HC

in column II.
Column I Column II
_____ 1. MAL, MALE (A) Opposite of, differently, apart, away
_____ 2. SE (B) Not, un-
_____ 3. BENE (C) Down, down from, opposite of
_____ 4. DIS (D) Apart
_____ 5. DE (E) Good, well
_____ 6. IN, IL, IM, IR (F) Evil, ill, bad, badly

p n: 1-F 2-D 3-E 4-A 5-C 6-B

Exercise 25: Fill in the prefix in column I and the complete word in column III
Column I Column II Column III
1. _____
ill
+ VOLENT
Wishing
= _____
Wishing ill; spiteful
2. _____
Not
+ LITERATE
Able to read and write
= _____
Unable to read and write
3. _____
Down
+ VOUR
Gulp
= _____
Eat greedily
4. _____
Apart
+ CURE
Care
= _____
Apart (free) from care
5. _____
Not
+ SOLUBLE
Capable of being solved
= _____
Incapable of being solved
6. _____
Down
+ SPISE
Look
= _____
Look down on; scorn
7. _____
Good
+ DICTION
Saying
= _____
Blessing
8. _____
Not
+ LEGIBLE
Able to be read
= _____
Not able to read
9. _____
Opposite of
+ INTEGRATE
Make into a whole
= _____
Break into bits
10. _____
Evil
+ FACTOR
One who does
= _____
Evildoer
11. _____ + MACULATE = _____

Not Spotted Unspotted; absolutely clean
12. _____
Opposite of
+ CREDIT
Believe
= _____
Do opposite of believe;
refuse to trust
13. _____
Down
+ MOTE
Move
= _____
Move down in rank
14. _____
Not
+ PUNITY
Punishment
= _____
Freedom from punishment
15. _____
Differently
+ SENT
Feel
= _____
Feel differently; disagree
16. _____
Bad
+ NUTRITION
Nourishment
= _____
Poor nourishment
17. _____
Not
+ RELEVANT
Applicable
= _____
Not applicable; extraneous
18. _____
Apart
+ CEDE
Go
= _____
Go apart; withdraw; from
an organization
19. _____
Down
+ CADENT
Falling
= _____
Falling down; deteriorating
20. _____
Not
+ MATURE
Fully grown
= _____
Not fully grown

18. SE-: apart

1) Sedition / si'din/ (noun)
= Going apart from, or against, an established government; action, speech or writing to overthrow
the government.
(Ly khai hoc chng li mt chnh ph; hnh ng, li ni hoc bi vit ku gi lt chnh ph )
Ex: The signers of the Declaration of Independence, if captured by the enemy, would probably have
been tried for sedition.
(Nhng ngi k tn trong bng Tuyn ngn c Lp nu b bt bi k th, th c l s b xt x v
li ly khai chng li chnh quyn.)

2) Segregate /segrigeit/ (t. verb)
= (Literally, set apart from the herd ) separate from the main body
( Ngha en: Tch ri ra khi by n ) tch ri khi b phn chnh
Ex: In most high schools, boys and girls attend the same classes, except in health education, where
they are segregated.
(Trong phn ln cc trng trung hc, nam v n cng hc chung mt lp nh nhau ngoi tr mn
gio dc sc kho chng c tch ra dy ring.)

19. CIRCUM-: around, round

3) Circumference / s'kmfrns/ (noun)
= Distance around a circle or rounded body, perimeter
(ng bao quanh vng trn hoc quanh mt vt th; chu vi )
Ex: The circumference of a circle equals times the diameter.
(Chu vi vng trn bng nhn vi ng knh.)

4) Circumlocution / ,s:kml'kju:n/ (noun)
= Roundabout way of speaking; use of excessive number of words to express an idea
(Ni quanh co, di dng; dung qu nhiu t din t mt tng )
Ex: The circumlocution the game ended with a score that was not in our favor should be replaced
by we lost the game.
(Cu ni quanh co trn u chm dt vi t s khng thun li cho chng ta nn c thay th
bng cu chng ta thua.)

5) Circumnavigate / ,s:km'nvigeit/ (t. verb)
= Sail around
(i thuyn vng quanh )
Ex: Ferdinand Magellans expedition was the first to circumnavigate the globe.
(Chuyn i thm him ca Ferdinand Magellan l chuyn i u tin vng quanh ca a cu.)

6) Circumscribe / 's:kmskrib/ (t. verb)
= 1. Draw a line around
(V mt ng bao quanh, khoanh trn )
Ex: The principal has requested all teachers to circumscribe failures in red on the report cards.
(ng hiu trng bo cc gio s khoanh trn bng mc nhng im s rt trn ci phiu
im.)

= 2. Limit; restrict
(Gii hn, hn ch )
Ex: The patient was placed on a very circumscribed diet; he was forbidden to have coffee, spices, or
raw fruits or vegetables.
(Bnh nhn c t trong tnh trng n king rt hn ch; ng ta b cm khng c dng c
ph, cc loi gia v, hoc cc tri cy ti v rau ci.)

7) Circumspect / 's:kmspekt/ (adjective)
= Looking around and paying attention to all possible consequences before acting; cautious; prudent
(Nhn quanh v ch n mi hu qu c th xy ra trc khi hnh ng; thn trng; cn thn )
Ex: Dont jump to a conclusion before considering all the facts. Be circumspect.
(Bn ng v kt lun trc khi xem xt tt c cc s kin. Hy t ra thn trng.)

8 ) Circumvent / ,s:km'vent/ (t. verb)
= Go around; get the better of; frustrate
(i quanh; ch ng nh bi, lm mt tc dng, lm v hiu bng lun lch )
Ex: To circumvent local sales taxes, shoppers often buy in neighboring communities that do not
have such taxes.
( trnh thu bn hng ti a phng, nhng ngi i mua sm thng mua cc cng ng ln
cn, ni m ngi ta khng nh loi thu y.)

20. CON-, CO-, COL-, COR-: together, with

9) Coalesce / kou'les/ (in. verb) [T tri ngha: separate ]
= Grow together; unite into one; combine
(Cng pht trine chung; kt hp li thnh mt; kt hp )
Ex: During the Revolutionary War, the thirteen colonies coalesced into one nation.
(Trong cuc chin tranh Cch mng, mi ba thuc a kt li thnh mt quc gia.)

10) Coherent / kou'hirnt/ (adjective)
= Sticking together; logically connected

(Kt li vi nhau; c ni tip v mt lun l, cht ch )
Ex: In coherent writing, every sentence is connected in thought to the previous sentence.
(Trong mt bi vit mch lc, cht ch, mi cu c ni lin trong t tng vi cu trc .)

11) Collaborate / k'lbreit/ (in. verb)
= Work together
(Cng tc, hp tc )
Ex: Rodgers collaborated with Hammerstein in writing the folk opera OKLAHOMA.
(Rodgers cng tc vi Hmmerstein vit nn v nhc kch dn gian Oklahoma.)

12) Collusion / k'lu:n/ (noun)
= (Literally, playing together ) secret agreement for a fraudulent purpose; conspiracy; plot
(Nghi en: Cng chi vi nhau ) tho hip b mt nhm mc ch gian ln, m mu; m mu )
Ex: It was not known whether the price increases resulted from higher costs or from collusion among
the producers.
(Ngi ta khng bit l gi c gia tng l do gi thnh cao hn hay l do s thng ng gi cc nh
sn xut.)

13) Concord / 'kk / (noun) [T tra nghi: Discord ]
= State of being together in heart or mind; agreement; harmony
(S ho thun v tnh cm hoc t tng; ng ; ho hp )
Ex: Neighbors cannot live in concord if their children keep fighting with one another.
(Nhng ngi lng ging khng th sng ho thun vi nhau nu tr con cu h tip tc nh nhau.)

14) Congenital / kn'denitl/ (adjective) [T tri nghi: Acquired ]
= (Literally, born with ) existing at birth; inborn
(Nghi en: C t khi sinh ra ) c t khi sinh ra; bm sinh
Ex: Helen Kellers deafness and blindness were not congenital defects but were acquired after birth.
(Chng ic v m cu Helen Keller khng phi l nhng khuyt tt bm sinh m l nhng khuyt
tt xy n sau khi sinh ra.)

15) Convene / kn'vi:n/ (t. verb; in. verb)
= Come together in a body; meet; assemble
(Triu tp; hp; tp hp li )
Ex: The House and the Senate will convene at noon to hear an address by the President.
(H vin v Thng Vin s hp vo lc 12 gi tra nghe Tng Thng c din vn.)

16) Correspond / ,kris'pnd/ (in. verb) [T tri nghi: disagree ]
= (Literally, answer together ) agree; be in harmony; match; tally
(Nghi en: cng tr li ) ng ho hp; kt hp nhau; ph hp, n khp )
Ex: Chucks account of how the fight started did not correspond with the other boys version.
(Tng trnh cu Chuck v cuc u bt u th no th khng ph hp vi li tng thut cu
mt cu trai khc.)


21. OB-: against, in the way, over

1) Obliterate / 'blitreit/ (t. verb)
= (Literally, cover over letter ); erase; blot out; destroy; remove all traces of
(Nghi en: Che dng ch i ); bi xo; che giu; ph hu; xo du vt
Ex: Todays rain has completely obliterated yesterdays snow; not a trace remains.
(Cn ma hm nay hon ton xo i tuyt cu ngy hm qua; khng li mt du vt g.)

2) Obsess / b'ses/ (verb)
= (Literally, sit over ) trouble the mind of; haunt
(Nghi en: p ) m nh; hay lui ti
Ex: The notion that she has forgotten to lock the front door obsessed Mother all through the movie.
(Ci ngh rng mnh qun kho cu trc m nh m ti sut bui xem phim.)

3) Obstacle / 'bstkl/ (noun)
= Something standing in the way; hindrance; obstruction; impediment
(Vt tr ngi - chng ngi vt; ci rt kh khn; s tc nghn; s cn tr )
Ex: If we beat Central High tomorrow, we shall have removed the last obstacle between us and the
championship.
( Nu chng ta nh bi i Central High vo ngy mai th chng ta s tho g i cc chng ngi
vt cui cng ngn tr chng ta chim chc v ch.)

4) Obstruct / b'strkt/ (t. verb, in. verb)
= Be in the way of; hinder; impede; block
(Cn tr; gy tr ngi; chn li )
Ex: The disabled vehicles obstructed traffic until removed by a tow truck.
(Nhng xe b hng gy cn tr lu thng cho n khi chng c ko i bi mt chic xe cn
trc.)

5) Obtrude / b'tru / (verb)
= (Literally thrust against ) thrust forward without being asked; intrude
(Nghi en: Thc, xen vo ) xen vo m khng c yu cu; xm nhp vo )
Ex: It is unwise for an outsider to obtrude his opinions into a family quarrel.
(Tht l khng khn ngoan cho mt ngi ngoi cuc xen kin cu mnh vo mt cuc ci v gia
nh cu k khc.)

6) Obviate / 'bvieit/ (t. verb)
= (Literally, get in the way or ) meet and dispose of; make unnecessary
(Nghi en: Lm cho t c ) lm cho khi phi; lm cho khng cn phi.
Ex: By removing her hat, the lady in front obviated the need for me to change my seat.
(Bng cch ly ci nn xung, mt b ngi phi trc lm cho ti khi phi thay ch ngi.)

22. PER-: through, to the end, thoroughly

7) Perennial / p'renil/ (adjective, noun) [T tri nghi: annual]
= 1. Continuing through the years; enduring; unceasing (adjective)
(Ko di qua nhiu nm; vnh cu; mi mi khng ngng )
Ex: Authors have come and gone, but Shakespeare has remained a perennial favorite.
(Cc tc gi n v ri i nhng Shakespeare vn mi mi l mt tc gi c a chung )
= 2. Plant that lives through the years (noun)
(a nin tho; cy sng c nhiu nm )
Ex: Perennials like the azalea and forsythia bloom year after year.
(Nhng loi a nin tho nh cy quyn v cy u xun n hoa nm ny sang nm khc.
(annual: nht nin tho; cy ch sng mt nm.))

Perforate / 'p:freit/ (t. verb; in. verb)
= (Literally, bore through ) make a hole or holes through; pierce; puncture
(Nghi en: Khoan, c xuyn qua ) khot mt l xuyn qua; xuyn qua; thm thu; lm lng )
Ex: The physician said the tack had gone through Babys shoe and sock without perforating her
skin.

(ng y s ni chic inh dp xuyn qua chic giy v v cu b gi nhng khng m
thu lp da cu n.)

9) Permeate / 'p:mieit/ (verb)
= Pass through; penetrate; spread through
(Xuyn qua, thm qua; lan to khp )
Ex: At breakfast the aroma of freshly brewed coffee permeates the kitchen and dining room.
(Vo bui n sng, hng thm caf v mi pha lan to khp nh bp v phng n.)

10) Perplex / p'pleks/ (t. verb)
= Confuse thoroughly; puzzle; bewilder
(Lm lung tng; lm bi ri; lm ngc nhin, b ng )
Ex: I need help with the fourth problem; it perplexes me.
(Ti cn s gip bi ton th t; n lm cho ti lung tng.)

11) Persist / p'sist/ (in. verb) [T tri nghi: Desist]
= (Literally, stand to the end )
Nghi en: ng vng cho n lc cui
1. Continue in spite of opposition; refuse to stop; persevere
(Tip tc mc d c s chng i v t chi dung li; kin tr )
Ex: The teacher told Eric to stop whispering. When he persisted, she sent him to the dean.
(C gio bo Eric ngng ni chuyn x xo. Khi n vn tip tc, c y a n ln cho ng
khoa trng.)

2. Continue to exist; last; endure
(Tip tc ton ti; ko di; tn ti lu di )
Ex: The rain was supposed to end in the morning, but it persisted through the afternoon and
evening.
(Cn ma c ngi ta ngh l s chm dt vo bui sng, nhng n tip tc ko di sut
bui tra, ri bui chiu.)

12) Pertinent / 'p:tinnt/ (adjective) [T tri nghi: Irrelevant]
= (Literally, reaching through to ) connected with the matter under consideration; to the point;
related; relevant
(Nghi en: t, i n ch ) c lin h vi vn ang c xt; c lien quan; lien h
Ex: Stick to the point; dont give information that is not pertinent.
(Hy bm vo im y; ng a ra nhng thng tin khng c lin quan.)

13) Perturb / p't:b/ (t. verb)
= Disturb thoroughly or consider ably; make uneasy; agitate; upset
(Lm lo s, lo lng; lm y ny khng yn; lm xao ng; lm ri ln )
Ex: Sabdras parents were perturbed when they learned she had failed two subjects.
(Cha m cu Sandra ht sc lo lng bi ri khi c bit c ta rt hai mn hc.)

23. PRE-: before, beforehand, fore-.

14) Precede / pri:'si / (t. verb)
= Go before; come before
(i trc; n trc )
Ex: Did your report follow or precede Janes?
(Bo co cu anh sau hay trc bo co cu Jane.)

15) Preclude /priklu / (t. verb)

= Put a barrier before; impede; prevent; make impossible
(t mt vt cn phi trc; gy tr ngi; ngn cn; lm cho khng th c, khng th din ra.)
Ex: A prior engagement precludes my coming to your party.
(Do c hn trc nn ti khng th n d bui tic hp mt cu anh.)

16) Precocious / pri'kous/ (adjective)
= (Literally, cocked or ripened before its time ) showing mature characteristics at an early age
(Nghi en: c nu hoc chn trc thi gian ) cho thy cc c tnh chn mi trng thnh
mt tui, qu sm pht trin; sm thng minh.
Ex: If Nancys three-year-old brother can read, he must be a precocious child.
(Nu nh em trai ba tui cu Nancy c th c c th hn n pht trin thng minh sm.)

17) Preconceive / 'pri:kn'si:v/ (t. verb)
= Form an opinion of beforehand, without adequate evidence
(Hnh thnh kin trong u trc; tin kin m khng khng hoc cha c bng c g.)
Ex: My preconceived dislike for the book disappeared when I read a few chapters.
(Vic khng thch c tnh cht tin kin cu ti i vi quyn sch tan bin i khi ti c c
mt vi chng.)

1 Prefabricate / 'pri:'fbrikeit/ (t. verb)
= Construct beforehand
(Tin ch; ch to sn )
Ex: Prefabricated homes are quickly erected by putting together large sections previously
constructed at a factory.
(Nhng ngi nh tin ch c dng nn nhanh chng bng cch ghp li vi nhau cc b phn
c ch to sn trong cc nh ma.)


23. PRE-: Before, beforehand, fore-

1) Preface /prefis/ (noun; verb)
= Foreword, preliminary remarks; authors introduction to a book
(Li ni u; nhng ghi nhn s khi; li gii thiu cc tc gi cho mt quyn sch )
Ex: The preface usually provides information that the reader should know before beginning the
book.
(Li ni u thng cung cp cc thong tin m c gi c phi bit trc khi bt u c quyn
sch.)

2) Premature / 'premtju/ (adjective)
= Before the proper or usual time; too early; untimely
(Trc thi gian thch nghi, thi gian thng l; qu sm; khng ng lc v sm )
Ex: Since less than half of the votes have been counted, my opponents claims of victory are
premature.
(Bi v cha n phn n s phiu c kim nn li cho i th cu ti chin thng l qu
sm.)

3) Premeditate /,pri:mediteit/ (t. verb)
= Consider beforehand
(Tnh ton; cu xt trc )
Ex: The jury decided that the blow was struck in a moment of panic and had not been premeditated.

(Bi thm on nhn nh rng c m y din ra ngay vo lc ht hong v khng c tnh cht
c tnh ton trc.)

4) Presume / pri'zju:m/ (verb)
= (Literally, take beforehand ) take for granted; without proof; assume; suppose
(Nghi en: Xy ra trc ) gi nh khng bng chng; gi nh; gi thit, c cho l
Ex: Nineteen of the sailors have been rescued. One is missing and presumed dead.
(Mi chn thu th c cu sng. Mt ngi mt tch v c cho l cht.)

5) Preview / 'pri:vju:/ (t. verb, noun)
= View of something before it is shown to the public
(Xem, duyt trc khi c em chiu, trnh din trc khn gi )
Ex: Last night, my parents attended a preview of a play scheduled to open next Tuesday.
(m qua, cha m ti d mt bui duyt v kch d tr ra mt cng chng vo th ba tun
ti.)

24. PRO-: Forward, forth

6) Procrastinate / prou'krstineit/ (in. verb)
= (Literally, Move forward to tomorrow ) put things off from day to day; delay
(Nghi en: di chuyn v phi ngy mai ) kt ln, lm chm li
Ex: Start working on the assignment without delay. It doesnt pay to procrastinate.
(Hy bt u lm bi ngay ch nn kht ln. Tr hon chng c li g.)

7) Proficient / pr'fint/ (adjective) [T tri nghi: inept]
= (Literally, going forward ) well advanced in any subject or occupation; skilled: adept; expert
(Nghi en: tin v phi trc ) hn k khc trong mt mn hay mt ngh no ; c k nng;
thng tho; chuyn mn
Ex: When I feel behind in French, the teacher asked one of the more proficient students to help me.
(Khi ti tht li li mn Php vn, thy gio yu cu mt trong nhng hc sinh gii hn gip
ti.)

Profuse / pr'fju:s/ (adjective)
= Pouring forth freely; exceedingly generous; extravagant
(Tun tro ra; rt ho phng rng ri; hoang ph )
Ex: Despite a large income, the actor has saved very little because he is a profuse spender.
(Mc d c li tc ln, din vin y tit kim rt t bi v anh ta l mt tay n xi phung ph.) ?!?!?

9) Project / 'prdekt/ (verb)
= Throw or cast forward
(Phun ra mnh, nm ra mnh )
Ex: Huge streams of water, projected by the fireboats powerful engines, fell on the blazing pier.
(Nhng dng nc khng l t nhng chic ng c mnh m cu con tu ch l phun ra ri
trn cu tu ang bc chy.)

10) Prominent / 'prminnt/ (adjective)
= (Literally, jutting forward ) standing out; notable; important
(Nghi en: nh ra, a ra phi trc ) ni bt; ng ch ; quan trng
Ex: The Mayor, the Governor, and several other prominent citizens attended the preview.
(ng th trng, ng Thng c v mt vi cng dn ni bt khc tham d bui duyt trc.)

11) Propel / pr'pel/ (t. verb)
= Impel forward: drive onward; force ahead

(y v phi trc; y tin ln )
Ex: Jet-propelled planes travel at very high speeds.
(Nhng chic my bay phn lc di chuyn vn tc rt cao.)

12) Proponent / pr'pounnt/ (noun) [T tri nghi: opponent]
= Person who puts forth a proposal or argues in favor of something; advocate; supporter
(Ngi xut mt ngh hoc bin minh cho mt iu g; bin minh cho; h tr cho )
Ex: At the budget hearing, both the proponents and the opponents of the tax increase will be able to
present their views.
(Trong bui iu tra v ngn sch, c ngi ngh v ngi chng i tng thu u s c th trnh
by quan im cu h.)

13) Prospect / 'prspekt/ (noun)
= Thing looked forward to; expectation; vision
(Vin cnh, vin tng; iu mong i; iu d kin trc )
Ex: To a freshman, graduation is a distant but pleasant prospect.
(i vi mt anh sinh vin nm th nht, tt nghip l mt vic cn xa, nhng l mt vin cnh th
v.)

14) Protract / pr'trkt/ (t. verb) [T tri nghi: Curtail]
= (Literally, drag forward ) draw out, lengthen; extend; prolong
(Nghi en: Ko v phi trc ) ko di; lm di ra; ni rng ra; ko di
Ex: Our cousins stayed with us only for the weekend but promised to return in July for a protracted
visit.
(Nhng ngi anh em h cu chng ti ch lu li vi chng ti vo ngy cui tun, nhng h l s
quay tr li vo thng 7 thm lu hn.)

15) Protrude / pr'tru / (verb)
= Thrust forth; stick out
(y ra; l, a ra; nh ra )
Ex: Keep your feet under your desk; do not let them protrude into the aisle.
(Hy chn anh vo phi di bn vit; ng chng a ra ngay li i.)

16) Provoke / pr'vouk/ (t. verb)
= 1. Call forth; bring on; cause
(Gy ra; mang n; gy ra )
Ex: Jeffs account of his experiences on a farm provoked much laughter.
(Li k thut li v nhng kinh nghim nng tri cu Jeff gy ra nhiu trn ci.)

= 2. Make angry; incense
(Chc gin, tc; lm ni gin )
Ex: There would have been no fight if you hadnt provoked your brother by calling him names.
( chng c nh nhau nu nh anh khng chc tc thng em trai cu anh bng cch gi n bng
nhng tn xu.)

P DNG NHNG G HC

in column II.

Column I Column II
_____ 1. Per- (A) Together, with
_____ 2. Ob- (B) Through, to the end, thoroughly

_____ 3. Circum- (C) Forward, forth
_____ 4. Pro- (D) Before, beforehand, fore-
_____ 5. Con-, co-, col-, cor- (E) Around, round
_____ 6. Pre- (F) Against, in the way, over

p n: 1 B 2 F 3 E 4 C 5 A 6 D

Exercise 36: Fill in the prefix in column I and the complete word in column III.

1. _____
together
+ HERENT
sticking
= _____
Sticking together, logically
connected
2. _____
beforehand
+ CONCEIVE
form an opinion
= _____
form an opinion beforehand
3. _____
around
+ NAVIGATE
sail
= _____
sail around
4. _____
forward
+ JECT
throw
= _____
throw or cast forward
5. _____
together
+ LABORATE
work
= _____
work together
6. _____
through
+ MEATE
pass
= _____
pass through; penetrate
7. _____
in the way
+STACLE
something standing
= _____
something standing in the
way; obstruction
8. _____
beforehand
+ FACE
something said
= _____
something said beforehand;
foreword
9) _____
together
+ VENE
come
= _____
come together; assemble
10) _____
through
+ FORATE
bore
= _____
bore through; pierce
11) _____
against
+ TRUDE
thrust
= _____
thrust forward without
being asked
12) _____
forth
+ VOKE
call
= _____
call forth; cause
13) _____
round
+ LOCUTION
speaking
= _____
roundabout way of speaking
14) _____
before
+ CLUDE
put a barrier
= _____
put a barrier before; prevent
15) _____
together
+ RESPOND
answer
= _____
match; agree
16) _____
thoroughly
+ TURB
disturb
= _____
disturb thoroughly; upset
17) _____
before
+ CEDE
go
= _____
go before; come before
1 _____
forth
+ PONENT
one who puts
= _____
one who puts forth a
proposal
19) _____
beforehand
+ FABRICATE
construct
= _____
construct beforehand

20) _____
over
+ SESS
sit
= _____
trouble the mind of; haunt.

p n:

1. COHERENT = C kt vi nhau; ni kt cht ch v mt lun l
2. PRECONCEIVE = Hnh thnh kin trc trong u; tin kin
3. CIRCUMNAVIGATE = i thuyn vng quanh
4. PROJECT = Phng ra, phun ra
5. COLLABORATE = Cng tc, cng lm vic
6. PERMEATE

M RNG VN T QUA CC T CN LA TINH

I) TH NO L MT T CN?
- T cn l mt t hoc mt thnh t c bn m t cc t khc c dn xut.
V d: KIND l t cn bn cu unKIND, KINDness, v KINDly
- T cn l mt b phn cu mt t cn li sau khi bn ct b i phn thm vo.
V d: nh trng hp trn: un-, -ness, -ly l phn thm vo. Sau khi b nhng tip u ng
hoc tip v ng ny s cn li t cn (t gc )
- i khi mt t cn c nhiu hnh thc, nh trong cc t ENJOY, REJOICE, JOYOUS v
ENJOYABLE. y t cn cu cc t y l JOY hoc JOI

II) Ti SAO PHi HC T CN?
Mt khi bn bit c mt t cn c th no c nghi l g, th bn c c mt u mi
tm ra ci nghi cu nhng t dn xut t t cn .
V d: khi hiu t cn MAN c nghi l HAND = tay th ta c nhiu kh nng hn
hiu v nh rng MANACLES c thao tc bng tay hoc s dng mt kh c kho le; v t
MANUAL operation l mt thao tc g lm bng tay.

III) MC CH CU N V BI HC NY:
Gip m rng vn t vng cu bn bng cch lm cho ban quen vi 20 t Latinh v nhng t
Anh ng dn xut t cc ng vn y.
Bn phi chc chn rng bn nh cc ng vn ny; chng s gip bn hiu c nghi
cu nhiu t vt khi nhng t c tho lun trong chng ny.


1. AM, AMOR: love, liking, friendliness

1) Amateur / 'mt:/ (noun, adjective)
= (Literally, lover ) Person who follows a particular pursuit because he likes it, rather than as a
profession. [T tri nghi: professional]
Ngi eo ui mt vic g yu thch, hn l do ngh nghip
Ex: The performance was staged by a group of amateurs who have been studying dramatics as a
hobby.
(Bui trnh din c dng bi mt nhm nhng ti t nghip d thch nghin cu kch ngh nh
mt th vui cu s thch.)

= One who performs rather poorly; inexperienced person [T tri nghi: Expert]

Ex: When it comes to baking a cake, my mother is the expert; Im only an amateur.
(Khi ni v lm bnh th m ti l mt chuyn gia; cn ti ch l mt ti t - mt ngi nghip d.)

2) Amiable / 'eimjbl/ (adjective) [T tri nghi: Unpleasant]
= Lovable; good-natured; pleasant and agreeable
(D thng; c bn tnh tt; kh i )
Ex: Charlotte is an amiable child; everybody likes her.
(Charlotte l mt b kh i, mi ngi u thch n.)

3) Amicable / 'mikbl/ (adjective) [T tri nghi: Antagonistric]
= Characterized by friendliness rather than antagonism; friendly; neighborly; not quarrelsome.
(C tnh cch thn hu hn l th nghch; thn thin; c tnh lng ging; khng hay gy g )
Ex: Let us try to settle our differences in an amicable manner.
(Chng ta hy thu xp cc d bit cu chng ta mt cch thn hu.)

4) Amity / 'miti/ (noun) [T tri nghi: Enmity]
= Goodwill; friendly relations
(Tnh hu ngh, bn b, thin ch, mi quan h thn hu.)
Ex: We must look ahead to the time when the dispute is over an amity is restored.
(Chng ta phi nhn v phi trc n ci lc m mi s bt ho qua i v tnh thn hu ti lp
li.)

5) Amorous / 'mrs/ (adjective)
= Having to do with love; loving; inclined to do.
(Thuc v tnh yu, yu thng; ng v tnh yu )
Ex: In the famous balcony scene, the amorous Romeo expresses undying love for Juliet.
(Trong mt khung cnh trn ban cng ni danh chng Romeo say m tnh yu by t mi tnh bt
dit dnh cho Juliet.)

6) Enamored / i'nmd/ (adjective)
= (Usually followed by of ) inflamed with love; charmed; captivated.
(Thng theo sau l of ) chy bng v tnh yu b m hoc quyn r, b lm cho say m
Ex: John Rolfe, an English settler, became enamored of the Indian princess Pocahontas and married
her.
(John Rolfe, mt ngi di dn Anh, tr nn say m nng cng nng da Pocahontas v kt
hn vi nng.)

2. ANIM: mind, will, spirit

7) Animosity / ,ni'msiti/ (noun)
= Ill will (usually leading to active opposition); violent hatred
mun xu (thng dn n s chng i mnh m ), lng cm th mnh lit
Ex: Someday the animosity that led to the war will be replaced by amity.
(Ri mt ngy no , lng cm th dn n chin tranh s c thay th bng tnh hu ngh, bn
b.)

Animus / 'nims/ (noun)
= Ill will (usually controlled)
mun xu, s th hn, ght (thng b iu khin )
Ex: Though Howard defeated me in the election, I bear no animus toward him; we are good friends.
(Mc d Howard nh bi ti trong cuc bu c, nhng ti khng th hn g hn ta; chng ti l
nhng ngi bn tt cu nhau.)

9) Equanimity / ,i:kw'nimiti/ (noun)
= Evenness of mind of temper; emotional balance; composure; calmness.
(S cn bng trong tm tr, hoc tnh kh; cn bng v tnh cm; s im tnh; im m; s bnh tnh
)
Ex: If you become extremely upset when you lose a game, it is a sign that you lack equanimity.
(Nu nh bn ht sc kh s khi bn thua trn u, l du hiu cho thy bn thiu s im tnh.)

10) Magnanimous / mg'nnims/ (adjective)
= Showing greatness or nobility of mind; above what is low or pretty; forgiving; generous
(T ra long ho hip hoc cao qu trong tm hn; vt ln trn nhng g l thp v nh b; sn sng
tha th, nhn t )
Ex: The first time I was late, miss ONeill excused me with the warning that she would not be so
magnanimous the next time.
(Ln u tin ti vo lp tr, c ONeill tha th cho ti v cnh co rng c s khng lng nh
th vo ln k tip.)

11) Unanimity / ,ju:'nimti/ (noun)
= Oneness of mind; complete agreement
(S nht tr; hon ton ng )
Ex: In almost every discussion there is bound to be some disagreement. Dont expect unanimity.
(Trong hu ht mi cuc tho lun hn phi c mt s bt ng. Bn ng hy vng vo s nht tr.)

12) Unanimous / ju:'nnims/ (adjective)
= Of one mind; in complete accord
(Nht tr, ng hon ton )
Ex: Except for one student, who voted no, the class was unanimous in wanting the party.
(Ngoi tr mt sinh vin b phiu chng lp hc nht tr mun c mt bui tic hp mt.)


3. FIN: end, boundary, limit

1) Affinity / 'finiti/ (noun)
= (Literally, condition of being near the boundary or a neighbor ); kinship; liking; sympathy;
attraction
(Nghi en: Tnh trng gn ng ranh gii hoc ngi k cn ) s gn gi thn mt; tnh cm;
thch; hp dn; hp lc
Ex: Because they share the same language and ideals, Americans and Englishmen have an affinity
for one another.
(Bi v c cng chung mt ngn ng v l tng, ngi M v ngi Anh c quan h gn gi thn
thit vi nhau.)

2) Confine / kn'fain/ (verb)
= Keep within limits; restrict
(Gi trong gii hn, hn ch )
Ex: I will confine my remarks to the causes of the War of 1812; the next speak will discuss its
results.
(Ti s gii hn cc nhn xt cu ti vo cc nguyn nhn cu cuc chin tranh 1812; din gi tip
theo s tho lun cc hu qu cu cuc chin tranh.)

3) Definitive /difinitiv/ (adjective) [T tri nghi: Tentative, provisional]
= Serving to end an unsettled matter; conclusive; final
(C tnh cht quyt nh; kt thc; chung cuc )

Ex: Remember that your answer will be treated as definitive. You will not be permitted to change it.
(Hy nh rng tr li cu bn s c xem l c tnh cht chung cuc. Bn s khng c php
thay i n.)

4) Finale /fina:li/ (noun)
= End or final part of a musical composition, opera, play, etc.
(Phn kt thc hay cui cng cu mt bn nhc, mt v nhc kch, v kch, )
Ex: Every skit in our class show was loudly applauded, from the opening scene to the finale.
(Mi bi th tro phng trong bui din cu lp chng ti c hoan nghnh m , t lc m mn
n lc kt thc.)

5) Finis / 'fainis/ (noun)
= End; conclusion
(Chm dt; kt thc )
Ex: The word finis on the screen indicates that the film has ended.
(T FINIS trn mn bc bo cho bit phim chm dt.)

4. FLU, FLUC, FLUX: flow

6) Fluctuate / 'flktjueit/ (in. verb)
= Flow like a wave; move up and down; change often and irregularly be unsteady
(Tun chy nh song nc; chuyn ng ln xung; thay i lun v bt thng; khng vng, dao
ng )
Ex: Recently the price of a pound of tomatoes has fluctuated from a high 45 to a low of 29.
(Gn y gi mt pound Anh c chua dao ng t mc cao 45 cent n mc thp 29 cent.)

7) Fluent / 'flu:nt/ (adjective)
= Ready with a flow of words; speaking or writing easily
(Sn sng tun ra nhng li ni; ni hoc vit d dng )
Ex: Do you have to grope for words or are you a fluent speaker?
(Bn m mm t ni hay bn l mt ngi n ni lu lot?)

Fluid / 'flu:id/ (noun, adjective) [T tri nghi: Solid rigid, fixed]
= Substance that flows [noun]
(Lu cht, cht lng )
Ex: Air, water, molasses, and milk are all fluids.
(Khng kh, nc, mt mi v s u l nhng lu cht )

= Not rigid; changing easily [adjective]
(Khng cng nhc; thay i d dng )
Ex: During November, the military situation remained fluid, with advances and retreats by both
sides.
(Vo thng 11, tnh hnh qun s rt bin ng lc th tin, lc th lui i vi c hai bn.)

9) Flux / flks/ (noun) [T tri nghi: stability]
= Continuous flow or changing; unceasing change
(Lu chuyn v bin ng khng ngng; thay i khng ngng ngh )
Ex: When prices are in a state of flux, many buyers delay purchases until conditions are more settled.
(Khi gi c trong tnh trng thay i lin tc nhiu ngi mua tr hon vic mua sm li cho
n khi tnh hnh nh hn.)

10) Influx / 'inflks/ (noun)
= Inflow; inpouring

(Chy vo; rt vo )
Ex: The discovery of gold in California in 1848 caused a large influx of settlers from the East.
(S khm ph ra vng California nm 1848 to ra mt ln sng ln cc dn nhp c x ti t
min ng.)

5. GEN, GENER, GENIT: birth, kind, class

11) Degenerate / di'denrit/ (in. verb)
= Sink to a lower class or standard; grow worse; deteriorate
(St xung mt loi, tiu chun thp hn, tr nn xu hn; suy thoi )
Ex: But for the skill of the presiding officer, the debate would have degenerated into an exchange of
insults.
(Nhng do k nng cu v ch to m cuc tranh lun bin thnh xu i tr thnh mt s trao i
qua li nhng li nhc m nhau.)

12) Engender / in'dend/ (t. verb)
= Give birth to; create; generate; produce; cause
(Khai sinh ra; to ra; lm pht sinh; sn xut ra; gy ra )
Ex: Name-calling engenders hatred.
(Vic gn cho nhau nhng tn xu lm pht sinh ra lng th hn.)

13) Genre / :nr/ (noun)
= Kind; sort; category
(Th loi; loi; th loi )
Ex: The writer distinguished himself in two literary genres the short story and the novel.
(Nh vn t phn bit mnh trong hai th loi vn chng - truyn ngn v tiu thuyt.)

14) Progenitor / prou'denit/ (noun)
= Ancestor to whom a group traces its birth; forefather
(Thu t; t tin )
Ex: The Bibles states that Adam was the progenitor of the human race.
(Kinh thnh khng nh rng Adam l thu t cu loi ngi.)

15) Regenerate / ri'denreit/ (t. verb)
= Cause to be born again; put new life into; reform completely
(Canh tn, phc hng; mang li cuc sng mi; ci t hon ton )
Ex: The new manage regenerated the losing team and made it a strong contender for first place.
(V qun l mi phc hng li i thua trn v lm cho n thnh mt i th mnh m hng
u.)

6. GREG-: gather, flock

16) Aggregate / 'grigit/ (adjective, noun, t. verb)
= Gathered together in one mass; total; collective
(Tp hp li thnh mt tp th, mt khi; ton th; tp th )
Ex: The aggregate strength of the allies was impressive, though individually some were quite weak.
(Sc mnh tp hp cu lin minh l ng k, mc d xt ring r th mt s thnh vin rt yu
ui.)

17) Aggregation / ,gri'gein/ (noun)
= Gathering of individuals into a body or group; assemblage.
(Tp hp cc c nhn vo mt t chc hoc mt nhm; s tp hp.)
Ex: At the airport, the homecoming champions were welcomed by a huge aggregation of admirers.

( sn bay nhng nh v ch tr v c hoan nghnh n cho bi mt tp hp khng l nhng
ngi i m.)

1 Congregation / ,kgri'gein/ (noun)
= flock or gathering of people for religious worship
(Gio on, nhm tn hu )
Ex: The minister addressed the congregation on the meaning of brotherhood.
(V gio s thuyt ging vi nhm tn hu v nghi, v tnh huynh .)

19) Gregarious / gri'geris/ (adjective)
= Inclined to associate with the flock or group; fond of being with others.
(C khuynh hng kt hp thnh on by hoc nhm, thch bn b vi k khc.)
Ex: Except for hermits and recluses, who shun company, most people are gregarious.
(Ngoi tr nhng nh tu kh hnh v nhng ngi n s khng thch bn b, phn ng ngi ta
thch sng qun t vi k khc.)
20) Segregation / ,segri'gein/ (noun)
= Separation from the flock or main body; setting apart; isolation
(Tch ly khi by n hoc b phn chnh yu; tch ly ra; c c )
Ex: The warden believes in segregation of first offenders from hardened criminals.
(Gim th nh lao tin rng vic tch ly nhng k phm ti u tin vi nhng phm ti dy dn l
cn thit.)


7. HERE, HES: stick

1) Adhere / d'hi/ (in. verb)
= Stick; hold fast; cling; be attached
(Dnh gi cht vo; bm dnh v; c dn vo )
Ex: Apply the sticker according to the directions, or it will not adhere.
(Hy dn nhn hiu vo theo li ch dn, nu khng n s khng dnh.)

2) Cohere / kou'hi/ (in. verb)
= Stick together; hold together; consistency; logical connection
(Kt cht li vi nhau; c kt li cht ch )
Ex: I glued together the fragments of the vase, but they did not cohere.
(Ti kt li cc mnh v cu chic bnh, nhng chng khng dnh li chc chn.)

3) Coherence / kou'hirns/ (noun)
= State of sticking together; consistency; logical connection
(Tnh trng kt cht; s cht ch, nht qun, s ni kt c tnh cht lun l cht ch, s mch lc )
Ex: If the relationship between the first sentence and what follows is not clear, the paragraph lacks
coherence.
(Nu nh mi lien h gi cu u tin v cc cu tip theo khng r rang th on vn s thiu
mch lc.)

4) Cohesion / kou'hi:n/ (noun)
= Act or state of sticking together; union; unity

(S on kt; kt hp; s thng nht )
Ex: There can be no real cohesion in an alliance if the parties have little in common.
(C th khng c s on kt tht s trong lien minh, nu nh cc bn tham gia t c nhng im
chung vi nhau.)

5) Inherent / in'hirnt/ (adjective)
= (Literally, sticking in ) deeply infixed; intrinsic; essential
(Nghi en: Gn vo ) gn su vo; c hu; thit yu
Ex: Because of her inherent carelessness, I doubt my sister can ever be a good driver.
(Bi v do ci tnh bt cn c hu cu n, ti nghi rng nh em cu ti khng th no tr thnh mt
ngi li xe tt.)

8. LATERAL: side

6) Collateral / k'ltrl/ (adjective)
= Situated at the side; accompanying; parallel; additional; supplementary
( bn cnh; i km theo; song song; thm vo; b sung )
Ex: After voting for the road building program, the legislature took up the collateral issue of how to
raise the necessary funds.
(Sau khi b phiu tn thnh chng trnh xy dng con ng, c quan lp php cp n vn
km theo l bn th no gy qu c c s tin cn thit.)

7) Equilateral /,i:kwi'ltrl/ (adjective)
= Having all sides equal
(C tt c cc cnh bng nhau )
Ex: If one side of an equilateral triangle measures three feet, the other two must also be three feet
each.
(Nu nh mt cnh cu mt tam gic u o c 3 feet, th 2 cnh kia cng phi di 3 feet.)

Lateral / 'ltrl/ (adjective)
= Of or pertaining to the side
(Lin h n mt cnh, bn cnh )
Ex: The building plan shows both a front and a lateral view of proposed structure.
( n cu to nh cho thy chnh din v trc din cu cu trc c ngh.)

9) Multilateral / 'mlti'ltrl/ (adjective)
= Having many sides
(C nhiu mt, a din, a bin )
Ex: A mother has to be a nurse, housekeeper, shopper, cook, teacher, etc. She plays a multilateral
role.
(Ngi m phi l mt ngi iu dng, mt gia ch, mt ngi i mua sm, mt ngi nu bp,
mt ngi thy dy, B ta ng mt vai tr a din.)

10) Quadrilateral / ,kwdri'ltrl/ (adjective)
= Plane figure having four sides and four angles
(Hnh phng c 4 cnh v 4 gc: T gic )
Ex: A square is a quadrilateral.
(Hnh vung l mt hnh t gic.)

11) Unilateral / ,ju:ni'ltrl/ (adjective)
= One-sided; undertaken by one side only
(Mt mt, mt bn, n phng )

Ex: Dont judge the matter by my opponents unilateral statement, but wait till you have heard the
other side.
(Bn ng phn xt vn bng cch cn c vo nhng khng nh n phng cu i th cu ti,
nhng hy ch cho n khi bn nghe thy bn kia.)

9. LITERA: letter

12) Alliteration / ,lit'rein/ (noun)
= Repetition of the same letter or consonant at the beginning of consecutive words.
(S lp li cng mt mu t hoc mt ph m u nhng ch ni tip nhau )
Ex: Note the alliteration in the line sing a song of sixpence.
(Bn hy ch n s lp li cng mt mu t (S) trong cu sau: Ca mt bi ca su xu (Trong
ting Anh).)

13) Literacy / 'litrsi/ (noun) [T tri ngha: Illiteracy]
= State of being lettered or educated; ability to read and write
(C hiu bit ch ngha hoc c gio dc; bit c v vit.)
Ex: When registering as a new voter, take along your diploma as proof of literacy.
(Khi ng k vi t cch l mt c tri mi, bn hy mang theo vn bng ca bn chng minh l
bn bit ch.)

14) Literal / 'litrl/ (adjective)
= Following the letters of exact; words of the original
(Theo ngha en, ngha i theo cu ch )
Ex: We translate laissez-faire as absence of government interference, but its literal meaning is
let do.
(Chc ta dch Laissezfaire l Khng c s can thip ca chnh ph nhng ngha en ca n l
m cho lm )

15) Literary / 'litrri/ (adjective)
= Having to do with letters or literature
(C quan h n ch ngha hoc vn chng )
Ex: Mark Twain is one of the greatest figures on our literary history.
(Mark Twain l mt trong nhng khun mt v i nht trong lch s vn chng ca chng ti.)

16) Literate / 'litrit/ (adjective) [T tri ngha: Illiterate]
= Lettered; able to read and write; educated
(Bit ch ngha; c kh nng c v vit; c gio dc )
Ex: The schools main goal in working with adults who can neither read nor write is to make them
literate.
(Mc tiu chnh yu ca nh trng khi lm vic vI nhng ngI trng thnh b m ch l lm
cho h bit c v bit vit.)

10. LUC, LUM: light

17) Elucidate / i'lu:sideit/ (t. verb)
= Throw light upon; make clear; explain
(Soi sang; lm cho r rng, gii thch )
Ex: I asked the teacher to elucidate a point that was not clear to me.
(Ti yu cu thy gio gii thch r mt im m i vi ti cha c sng t.)

1 Lucid / 'lu:sid/ (adjective) [T tri ngha: Vague]
= (Literally, containing light ) Clear; easy to understand

(Ngha en: cha ng nh sng ) r rng, d hiu.
Ex: To obviate misunderstanding, state the directions in the most lucid way possible.
( khi hiu lm, hy ni r nhng li ch dn mt cch trong sng nht c th c.)

19) Luminary / 'lu:minri/ (noun)
= One who is a source of light or inspiration to others; famous person.
(Ngi ng vai tr ngun sng hoc ngi hng khi cho k khc; ngi ni danh )
Ex: A number of luminaries, including a Nobel prize winner and two leading authors, will be
present.
(Mt s ngi ni danh bao gm nhng ngi c gii Nobel v hai tc gi hng u s c mt.)

20) Luminous / 'lu:mins/ (adjective)
= Emitting light; shining; brilliant
(Pht ra nh sng; sng chi; rc r )
Ex: With this watch you can tell time in the dark because its hands and dial are luminous.
(Vi chic ng h ny bn c th coi gi trong bng ti bi v nhng cy kim v mt s ca n pht
ra nh sng.)

21) Translucent / trnz'lu:snt/ (adjective) [T tri ngha: Opaque]
= Letting light through
( nh sng i qua )
Ex: Lamp shades are translucent but not transparent.
(Chp n nh sng i qua nhng khng phi trong sut.)


11. MAN, MANU: hand

1) Emancipate / i'mnsipeit/ (t. verb)

= (Literally, take from the hand or power of another ) Release from bondage; set free; liberate
(Ngha en: ly t tay hoc quyn lc k khc ) Gii phng khi s n l; cho t do; tr t do.
Ex: The washing machine has emancipated housewives from a great deal of drudgery.
(Chic my git gii phng cc b ni tr khi nhiu cng vic nng nhc.)

2) Manacle / 'mnkl/ (noun)
= Handcuff
(Ci cng tay )
Ex: The manacles were removed from the prisoners wrists.
(Chic cng c tho khi c tay ngi t nhn.)

3) Mandate / 'mndeit/ (noun)
= (Literally, something given into ones hand )
(Ngha en: mt ci g c trao vo tay mt ngi no .)
1. Territory entrusted to the administration of another country.
(Lnh th y tr )
Ex: After World War I, Syria became a French mandate.
(Sau chin tranh th gii th nht, Syria tr thnh mt quc gia giao cho Php y tr.)
2. Authoritative command; order
(Lnh ca gii chc c thm quyn; lnh )
Ex: The walkout was a clear violation of the courts mandate against a strike.
(Cuc nh cng l mt s vi phm r rng lnh cm nh cng ca tan n.)

4) Manipulate / m'nipjuleit/ (t. verb)
= Operate with the hands; handle or manage skillfully
(Thao tc bng tay; x l hoc qun l kho lo )
Ex: In todays lesson, I learned how to manipulate the steering wheel.
(Trong bi hc hm nay ti hc cch s dng tay li.)

5) Manual / 'mnjul/ (adjective)
= 1. Small, helpful book capable of being carried in the hand; handbook
(Cm nang; sch cm tay; sch ch dn )
Ex: Each student has learners permit and copy of the Driver Manual.
(Mi hc vin c mt giy php cp cho ngi hc v mt quyn sch Cm nang ca ngi li xe.

= 2. Relating to, or done with the hands
(Lin h n tay, thc hin bng tay )
Ex: Milking, formerly a manual operation, is now done by machine.
(Vt sa trc kia l mt thao tc bng tay th ngy nay c lm bng my.)

6) Manuscript / 'mnjuskript/ (noun)
= Document written by hand or typewritten
(Bn vn; ti liu c vit bng tay, hoc nh my; bn tho.)
Ex: The authors manuscript is now at the printer.
(Bn tho ca tc gi hin gi ang ti nh in.)

12. PEND, PENS: hang

7) Append / 'pend/ (t. verb) [T tri ngha: Detach]
= (Literally, hang on ) Attach; add as a supplement
(Ngha en: Treo ln ) nh vo; thm vo b sung
Ex: If you hand in your report late, append a note explaining the reason for the delay.
(Nu nh anh np bn bo co tr, hy nh vo mt th ngn gii thch l do ti sao tr.)

Appendix / 'pendiks/ (noun)
= (Literally, something hung on ) matter added to the end of a book or document
(Ngha en, mt ci g c gn vo ) Ph lc c km vo cui mt quyn sch hoc mt
ti liu.
Ex: A school edition of a novel usually has an appendix containing explanatory notes.
(n bn hc ng ca mt quyn tiu thuyt thng c mt bn ph lc gm cc ch thch gii
ngha.)

9) Impending / im'pendi/ (adjective)
= Overhanging; threatening to occur soon; imminent
(Treo l lng; e da s xy ra; sp xy n )
Ex: At the first flash of lightning, people scurried for shelter from the impending storm.
(Nhn thy tia chp u tin, ngi ta chy vi v tm ch tr n cn bo sp xy n.)

10) Pendant / 'pendnt/ (noun)
= Hanging ornament
(Vt trang sc treo lng lng: mt dy chuyn )
Ex: The pendant dangling from the chain around her neck looked like a medal, but it was really a
watch.

(Ci vt lng lng treo trn s dy chuyn quanh c ca c y trng ging nh tm huy chng,
nhng tht ra n li l mt chic ng h.)

11) Pending / 'pendi/
= (Literally, hanging )
1. Waiting to be settled; not yet decided. (adjective)
(Ch gii quyt; cha c quyt nh )
Ex: Has a decision been reached on a date for the game, or is the matter still pending?
( c quyt nh v ngy u cha, hay vn vn cn ch gii quyt?)

2. Until (preposition)
(Cho n )
Ex: Barbara agreed to conduct the meeting pending the election of a permanent chairman.
(Barbara ng iu khin bui hp cho n khi bu xong v ch tch thng trc.)

12) Suspend / s'spend/ (t. verb)
= 1. Hang by attaching to something
(Treo bng cch gn vo mt ci g )
Ex: She wore a green pendant suspended from a silver chain.
(C ta eo mt mt dy chuyn mu lc treo lng lng trn si dy chuyn bng bc.)

2. Stop temporarily; make inoperative for a while
(Tm thi dng li; ngng hat ng mt lc )
Ex: Train service will be suspended from midnight to 4 a.m. to permit repairs.
(Dch v ha xa s ngng hat ng t lc na m n 4 gi sng thc hin sa cha.)

13) Suspense / s'spens/ (noun)
= Condition of being left hanging or in doubt; mental uncertainly: anxiety
(Tnh trng l lng hoc trong s nghi ng; s bt nh trong tm tr; lo u.)
Ex: If you have seen the marks, please tell me whether I passed or failed; dont keep me in suspense!
(Nu nh anh trng thy im s, xin hy ni cho ti bit l ti u hay hng; ng ti lo
lng!)

13. PON, POS: put

14) Depose / di'pouz/ (verb)
= (Literally, put down ) put out of office; dethrone
(Ngha en: t xung ) Trut khi chc v, trut ngi
Ex: Did the king abdicate or was he deposed?
(V vua thai v hay l b trut ph?)

15) Impose / im'pouz/ (t. verb)
= Put on as a burden, duty, tax, etc.; inflict
(t ln vi tnh cch mt gnh nng, mt nhim v, mt sc thu, ; gy ra.)
Ex: Cleaning up after the job is the repairmans responsibility. Dont let him impose it on you.
(Dn dp sch s sau cng vic l trch nhim ca ngi sa cha. ng ng ta trt trch nhim
y cho anh.)

16) Postpone / p'spoun/ (t. verb)
= (Literally, put after ) put off; defer; delay
(Ngha en: nh li ) han lI; nh han, lm chm li.
Ex: Mr. Marx has postponed the test until tomorrow to give us an extra day to study.
(ng Marx han li thi trc nghim n ngy mai cho chng ti thm mt ngy hc bi.)

17) Superimpose / ,su rim'pouz/ (t. verb)
= Put on top of or over; attach as an addition
(t chng ln pha trn; nh vo mt ph nh )
Ex: Todays snowfall superimposed a fresh two inches on yesterdays accumulation.
(Tuyt ri hm nay ln lp tuyt tch ly hm qua thm 2 phn Anh na.)

1 Transpose / trn'spouz/ (t. verb)
= (Literally, Put across ) change the relative order of; interchange
(Ngha en: t ngang qua ) thay i th t tng i ca; han i
Ex: There is a misspelled word on your paper, strength. Correct it by transposing the last two
letters.
(C mt ch vit sai chnh t trong bi vit ca anh, TRENGHT. Hy sa li cho ng bng cch
han i v tr hai mu t cui cng.)


1) Conscript / 'knskript/ (t. verb)
= Enroll (write down) into military service by compulsion; draft
(ng k ngha v qun s do cng bch; s bt nhp ng )
Ex: When there are not enough volunteers for the armed forces, the government conscripts
additional men.
(Khi khng c nhng ngi tnh nguyn vo lc lng v trang, chnh ph bt ng k thm
nhng ngi nam.)

2) Inscription / in'skripn/ (noun)
= Something inscribed (written) on a monument, coin, etc.
(Dng ch khc vo tng i, vo ng tin, )
Ex: The inscription on Pauls medal reads For excellence in English.
(Dng ch khc trn tm huy chng ca Paul c cu Tng thng v xut sc mn Anh ng.)

3) Prescribe / pris'kraib/ (t. verb)
= (Literally, write before )
1. Order; dictate; direct
(Quy nh; n nh; ch o ra lnh.)
Ex: The law prescribes that aliens may not vote.
(Lut php quy nh rng ngai kiu th khng c php bu c.)
2. Order as a remedy
(n nh lai thuc iu tr bnh.)
Ex: Her physician prescribed some pills, a light diet, and plenty of rest.
(Bc s ca c ta quy nh dng mt vi vin thuc; n nh, v nn ngh ngi nhiu.)

4) Scribe / skraib/ (noun)
= Person who writes; author; journalist
(Ngi bin chp; tc gi; nh bo )
Ex: Both candidates used professional scribes to prepare their campaign speeches.
(C hai ng c vin s dng nhng ngi vit chuyn mn tho cc bi din vn vn ng
tranh c.)

5) Script / skript/ (noun)
= Written text of a play, speech, etc.
(Kch bn v kch; bn vn; bi din vn, )

Ex: How much time did the actors have to memorize the script?
(Nhng din vin y phi tn bao lu thi gian hc thuc kch bn?)

6) Subscriber / sb'skraib/ (noun)
= One who writes his name at the end of a document, thereby indicating his approval.
(Ngi k tn pha di mt vn bn, ngha l by t s ng )
Ex: The petition to nominate Sue for president of the freshman class already has forty-three
subscribers.
(n kin ngh ch nh Sue lm trng lp nm th nht c c 43 ngi k tn.)

15. SIMIL, SIMUL: similar, like, same

7) Assimilate / 'simileit/ (t. verb)
= 1. Make similar or like
(ng ha vi; lm ging nh )
Ex: The letter n in the prefix in is often assimilated with the following letter. For example, in plus
legible becomes illegible.
(Mu t N trong tip u ng IN th thng c ng ha vi mu t theo sau. Th d: IN kt
hp vi LEGIBLE tr thnh LILLEGIBLE )
= 2. Take in and incorporate as ones own; absorb
(ng ha; tip thu )
Ex: A bright student assimilates knowledge rapidly.
(Mt sinh vin xut sc s tip thu kin thc nhanh chng.)

Dissimilar / di'simil/ (adjective)
= (T tri ngha: Similar) Not similar; unlike; different
(Khng cng mt kch c; khng ging; khc vi )
Ex: The gloves are not a pair; they are quite dissimilar.
(Nhng chic v ny th khng cng mt cp, chng khng ging nhau - khng cng c.)

9) Similarity / ,sim'lrti/ (noun) [T tri ngha: Dissimilarity]
= Resemblance
(S ging nhau; s tng t nh nhau )
Ex: The two pills are alike in color and shape, but there the similarity ends.
(Hai vin thuc ny th c mu sc ging nhau v cng mt hnh dng, nh s ging nhau ch c th
thi. (Cng dng tr liu th khc.)

10) Simile / 'simili/ (noun)
= Comparison of two different things introduced by like or as
(S v von trong hnh vn; s so snh hai s vt khc nhau bng cch m u bng t LIKE hoc
AS. )
Ex: Here is an unusual simile from Coleridges THE RIME OF THE ANCIENT MARINER: The
water, like a witchs oils, / Burnt green and blue and white.
(y l s so snh bt thng trong tc phm THE RIME OF THE ANCIENT MARINER ca
Coleridge Cht nc y, ging nh du ca mt ngi ph thy, t chy mu lc, mu xanh v
mu trng. )


15. SIMIL, SIMUL: Similar, like, same

1) Simulate / 'simjuleit/ (t. verb)
= Give the appearance of; feign; imitate
(ng vai, c v nh; gi v; bt chc; din )
Ex: Nancy was the star of the show; she simulated the bewildered mother very effectively.
(Nancy l ngi sao ca bui din; c din mt ngi m bi ri hoang mang rt thnh cng.)

2) Simultaneous / ,siml'teinis/ (adjective)
= Existing or happening at the same time; concurrent
(Tn ti hoc xy ra ng thi; ng thi )
Ex: The flash of an explosion reaches us before the sound, though the two are simultaneous.
(nh chp ca v n n chng ta trc ting ng, mc d c hai xy ra ng thi.)

16. SOL, SOLI: alone, lonely, single

3) Desolate / 'deslit/
= 1. Make lonely, deprive of inhabitants; lay waste (t. verb)
(Lm cho tr tri; lm mt ht dn c tr; b khng )
Ex: After the war, the villagers hope to return to their desolated homes.
(Sau chin tranh, dn lng hy vng tr v nhng ngi nh hoang vng tiu u ca h.)

= 2. Left alone; deserted; forlorn (adjective)
( li mt mnh; b hoang; hiu qunh u hiu )
Ex: At 5:20 a.m., the normally crowded intersection looks desolate.
(Lc 5:20 sng, ch giao nhau thng ng nght ngi trng tht u hiu hoang vng.)

4) Sole /soul/ (adjective)
= One and only; single
(Mt v ch mt; n c )
Ex: Franklin D. Roosevelt was the sole candidate to be elected President for a fourth term.
(Franklin D. Roosevelt l ng vin duy nht c bu lm tng thng n nhim k th t.)

5) Soliloquy / s'lilkwi/ (noun)
= Speech made to oneself when alone
(Li c thai )
Ex: What an actor says in a soliloquy is heard by no one except the audience.
(Nhng g mt din vin ni trong lc c thai th khng c ai nghe c ngai tr khn gi.)

6) Solitary / s'lilkwi/ (noun)
= Being or living alone; without companions
(Mt mnh hoc sng mt mnh; khng bn b )
Ex: A hermit leads solitary existence.
(Ngi n tu sng mt cuc sng c n.)

7) Solitude / 'slitju / (noun)
= Condition of being alone; loneliness; seclusion
(S sng mt mnh; mt mnh; s c n; s tch bit.)
Ex: Though I like company, there are times when I prefer solitude.
(Mc d ti thch bn b, nhng c nhiu lc ti thch mt mnh.)

Solo /soulou/ (noun)
= Musical composition (or anything) performed by a single person
(Bn nhc do mt ngi trnh din )
Ex: Instead of singing a solo, Brenda would prefer to join with me in a duet.

(Thay v ht mt mnh mt bn n ca, Brenda thch kt hp vi ti trong mt bn song ca.)

17. SOLV, SOLU, SOLUT: loosen

9) Absolute / 'bslu:t/ (adjective)
= Free (loosened ) from control or restriction
(Khng b kim sat hoc hn ch; chuyn an; c ti; tuyt i )
Ex: A democratic ruler is restricted by a constitution, a legislature, and courts, but a dictator has
absolute power.
(Mt lnh t dn ch b gii hn bi hin php, b quc hi, v ta n, nhng mt nh c ti th c
quyn hnh tuyt i.)

10) Dissolution / ,dis'lu:n/ (noun)
= Act of loosening or breaking up into component parts; disintegration; ruin; destruction
(Lm tan r hoc b ra tng b phn, s phn r; suy tn; hy dit )
Ex: When President Lincoln took office, the Union faced imminent dissolution.
(Khi tng thng Lincoln nhim chc, Lin bang ang gp phi nguy c sp tan r.)


17. SOLV, SOLU, SOLUT: loosen
1) Dissolve / di'zlv/ (verb)
= (Literally, loosen apart )
Ngha en: R ra
1. Break up; disintegrate (in. verb)
(B ra; phn r )
Ex: Since the members lack mutual interests, the club will be probably dissolved.
(V cc hi vin khng c cng nhng li ch chung, cu lc b c l s tan r.)
2. Cause to disappear; end (t. verb)
(Lm cho bin mt; chm dt )
Ex: After our quarrel, Grace and I dissolved our friendship.
(Sau v ci v ca chng ti, Grace v ti chm dt tnh bn hu.)

2) Resolution / ,rez'lu:n/ (noun)
= (Lierally, act of unloosening ) Solving; solution; answer
(Ngha en: Hnh ng gii quyt ) Gii quyt; gii php; gip p
Ex: The resolution of our air and water pollution problems will be difficult and costly.
(Vic gii quyt cc vn v nhim nc v khng kh ca chng ti s kh khn v tn km.)

3) Resolve /ri'zlv/ (verb)
= (Literally, unloosen ) Break up; solve; explain; unravel
(Ngha en: Tho g ) B gy; gii quyt; gii thch; lm sng t
Ex: A witness provided the clue that resolved the mystery.
(Mt nhn chng cung cp mt chi tit then cht nn gii quyt c s b n.)

4) Soluble / 'sljubl/ (adjective) [T tri ngha: Insoluble]
= 1. Capable of being dissolved or made into a liquid
(C th ha tan hoc bin thnh cht lng )
Ex: Sugar is soluble in water.
(ng th ha tan trong nc.)
= 2. Solvable
(C th gii quyt c )

Ex: Someone would have found the answer by now if the problem were soluble.
(Nu nh vn c th gii quyt c th hin gi c mt ai tm ra gii p ri.)

5) Solvent / 'slvnt/ (noun, adjective) [T tri ngha: Insolvent]
= 1. Substance, usually liquid, able to dissolve (loosen ) another substance, know as the solute
(noun)
(Cht, thng th lng, c th tan vo mt cht khc, c gi l cht ha tan )
Ex: In a salt water solution, the water is the solvent and the salt is the solute.
(Trong mt dung dch nc mui, nc l dung mi v mui l cht ha tan.)
= 2. Able to pay all one legal debts (adjective)
(C th tr tt c n hp php )
Ex: The examiners found the bank solvent, much to the relief of its depositors.
(Cc thm tra vin thy ngn hng c kh nng chi tr, tht l nh nhm cho nhng ngi k
thc tin.)

18. UND, UNDA: wave, flow

6) Abound / 'baund/ (in. verb)
= (Literally, rise in waves or overflow )
(Ngha en: Dy chy trn lan )
1. (With in or with ) Be well supplied; teem
(Dng vi IN v WITH) c cung cp di do, c nhiu
Ex: Our nation abounds in opportunities for well-educated young men and women.
(Quc gia chng ti mang n nhiu c hi cho nhng ngi tr c kin thc nam cng nh
n.)
2. Be plentiful; be present in great quantity
(Nhiu; hin din khi lng ln )
Ex: Fish abound in the waters off Newfoundland.
(C c nhiu vng bin ngai khi ca Newfoundland.)

7) Abundant / 'bndnt/ (adjective) [T tri ngha: Scarce]
= (Literally, rising in waves ) More than sufficient; plentiful flood; overflow; deluge; overwhelm
(Ngha en: dng ln trong sng nc ) Nhiu; phong ph
Ex: Before Christmas, the stores have abundant supplies of toys.
(Trc Ging Sinh, cc ca hng y p cc chi tr em.)

Inundate / 'inndeit/ (t. verb)
= Flood; overflow; deluge; overwhelm
(Lt; chy trn lan; lm ngp trn; trn ngp )
Ex: One Election Night, the victors offices were inundated by congratulatory messages.
(Trong m bu c, vn phng ca ng c vin chin thng trn ngp cc in vn chc mng.)

9) Redound / ri'daund/ (in. verb)
= Flow back as a result; contribute
(Mang n kt qu; gp phn vo )
Ex: Our teams sport-manlike conduct redounds to the credit of the school.
(S x s theo tinh thn th thao ca i chng ti gp phn vo uy tn ca nh trng.)

10) Redundant / ri'dndnt/ (adjective)
= (Literally, flowing back ) exceeding what is necessary; superfluous; surplus
(Ngha en: Chy ngc li ) Vt qu s cn thit; tha thi; d tha
Ex: Remove the last word of the following sentence because it is redundant: My report is longer
than Bobs report.

(Bn hy xa b t cui trong cu sau y bi v n d tha: Bn bo co ca ti th di hn bn
bo co ca Bob.


19. VER, VERA, VERI: true, truth
1) Aver / 'v:/ (t. verb) [T tri ngha: Deny]
= State to be true; affirm confidently; assert
(Khng nh l s tht; khng nh mnh m; ni r rng )
Ex: Two eyewitnesses averred they had seen the defendant at the scene.
(Hai nhn chng khng nh r rng h nhn thy b co ti hin trng.)

2) Veracity / v'rsti/ (noun)
= Truthfulness (of persons)
(S trung thc )
Ex: Since you have lied to us in the past, you should not wonder that we doubt your veracity.
(V bn la di chng ti trong qu kh, bn ch nn ngc nhin l chng ti nghi ng s trung
thc ca bn.)

3) Verdict / 'v ikt/ (noun)
= (Literally, something truly said ) decision of a jury; opinion; judgment.
(Ngha en, mt ci g c ni ln tht s ) Quyt nh ca bi thm an; kin; mt phn
quyt.
Ex: A hung jury is one that has been unable to reach a verdict.
(Mt bi thm an cha phn quyt l bi thm an cha th i n mt quyt nh.)

4) Verify / 'verifai/ (t. verb)
= Prove to be true; confirm; substantiate corroborate
(Chng minh l s thc; xc nhn; chng minh s thc; a ra bng chng.)
Ex: So far, the charges have been neither disproved nor verified.
(Cho n nay, li buc tivn cha phn bc cng nh cha c chng minh.)

5) Veritable / 'veritbl/ (adjective)
= True; actual; genuine; real; authentic
(Tht; tht s; ng thc; tht; trung thc )
Ex: As the pretended heirs of Peter Wills were disposing of his fortune, the veritable heirs arrived.
(Trong khi k t nhn l ngi tha k ca peter Wilks ang bn cc di sn th ngi tha k ch
thc n.)

6) Verity / 'verti/ (noun)
= Truth (of things); something true; true statement
(S tht; mt ci g c tht; khng nh tht )
Ex: That smoking is injurious to health is a scientifically established verity.
(Rng ht thuc l c hi cho sc khe l mt chn l c khoa hc chng minh.)

20. VID, VIS: see, look, sight

7) Envision /in'vin/ (t. verb)
= Foresee; envisage; have a mental picture of (something not yet a reality)
(Nhn thy trc, tin kin; mng tng trc mt cnh tng trong u (mt ci g cha c
ngai hin thc ) )
Ex: Coach Brown envisions for Marty a bright career as a collegiate sprinter.

(Hun luyn vin Brown d kin Marty c mt s nghip sng chi vi t cch l mt vn ng
vin c ly ngn ca sinh vin.)

Improvise / 'imprvaiz/ (verb)
= (Literally, do something without having prepared or seen it beforehand ) compose, recite, or
sing on the spur of the moment.
(Ngha en: lm mt ci g m cha chun b trc hoc nhn thy trc ) sng tc c ln
hoc ca ln do s thc gic i hi ca lc y; ng ch ngay ti ch )
Ex: Did the entertainer prepare his jokes before the program, or improvise them as he went along?
(Ngh s tu hi y chun b trc nhng tr mua vui khi hi trc khi chng trnh bt u, hay
l anh ta ng ch ra trong lc din xut?)

9) Invisible / in'vizbl/ (adjective)
= Not able to be seen
(Khng th c nhn thy, tng hnh )
Ex: The microscope enables us to see organisms invisible to the naked eye.
(Knh hin vi lm cho chng ti c th nhn thy nhng vi sinh vt m mt trn khng thy.)

10) Revise / ri'vaiz/ (noun)
= Look at again to correct errors and make improvements; examine and improve
(Nhn li mt ln na sa cha sai lm v ci tin; xem xt v ci tin; san nh li )
Ex: Before handing in your composition, be sure to revise it carefully.
(Trc khi np bi lun, anh hy xem li v sa cha cn thn.)


1) Video /vidiou/ (noun)
= Having to do with the transmission or reception of what is seen
(Ch s truyn hnh v s thu hnh )
Ex: The audio (sound) and video signals of a television program can be recorded on magnetic
tape.
(Tn hiu m thanh v hnh nh ca mt chng trnh truyn hnh c th c ghi li trn
bng t.)

2) Visibility / ,viz'bilti/ (noun)
= Degree of clearness of the atmosphere, with reference to the distance at which objects can
be clearly seen
( trong sng ca bu kh quyn lin h n khang cch m mt vt th c th c nhn
thy r; s trng thy r )
Ex: With the fog rolling in and visibility approaching zero, it was virtually impossible for
planes to land.
(Khi sng m trn n v th lc/ tm nhn tin n s khng, cc my bay tht s khng
th p xung c.)

3) Visual / 'viul/ (adjective)
= Having to do with sight
(C lin h n th lc )
Ex: Radar tells us of an approaching object long before visual contact is possible.
(Radar cho chng ta bit mt vt th ang tin n t lu trc khi mt ta c th nhn thy vt
th y.)

P DNG NHNG G HC


Tt n ri. Hc t thi n li bi c xu ri mi ngi i chi nha. Ti nay giao tha ri.
Ngi ta ni u nm gp xui xo th c nm s gp tan chuyn khng may; Tt m nh
d l c nm nh d hai lun (Ni chung l k nhng "chm mt" vi nhng g xui xo ) => Tt m
ngi hc l c nm hc hai lun (Suy lun ny ng khng ta ) . Vy i chi c nm i chi
hai, khi hc => Good idea!
Chc mi ngi nm mi vui v

1) Video /vidiou/ (noun)
= Having to do with the transmission or reception of what is seen
(Ch s truyn hnh v s thu hnh )
Ex: The audio (sound) and video signals of a television program can be recorded on magnetic
tape.
(Tn hiu m thanh v hnh nh ca mt chng trnh truyn hnh c th c ghi li trn
bng t.)

2) Visibility / ,viz'bilti/ (noun)
= Degree of clearness of the atmosphere, with reference to the distance at which objects can
be clearly seen
( trong sng ca bu kh quyn lin h n khang cch m mt vt th c th c nhn
thy r; s trng thy r )
Ex: With the fog rolling in and visibility approaching zero, it was virtually impossible for
planes to land.
(Khi sng m trn n v th lc/ tm nhn tin n s khng, cc my bay tht s khng
th p xung c.)

3) Visual / 'viul/ (adjective)
= Having to do with sight
(C lin h n th lc )
Ex: Radar tells us of an approaching object long before visual contact is possible.

(Radar cho chng ta bit mt vt th ang tin n t lu trc khi mt ta c th nhn thy vt
th y.)

P DNG NHNG G HC

Exercise/ page 486: In the space before each Latin root in column I, write the letter of its definition
in column II.
1. SOL, SOLI A. Hang
2. MAN, MANU B. See, look, sight
3. PEND, PENS C. Put
4. SOLVE, SOLU, SOLUT D. Write
5. UND, UNDA E. Alone, lonely, single
6. VER, VERA, VERI F. Similar, like, same
7. SCRIB, SCRIPT G. Wave, flow
8. VID, VIS H. Hand
9. SIMIL, SIMUL I. True, truth
10. PON, POS J. Loosen

p n:
1-E 2-H 3-A 4-J 5-G 6-I 7-D 8-B 9-F 10-C

Exercise/ page 487: Fill in the prefix in column I, the root in column II and the missing letters of the
word in column III. Each blank stands for one missing letter.

Prefix Root Word
1. _____
Apart
+ _____
Loosen
= _____ED
Separated into parts
2. _____
Not
+ _____
Seen
= _____IBLE
Not able to be seen
3. _____
On
+ _____
Put
= _____ED
Put on as a burden, inflicted
4. _____
Apart
+ _____
Loosen
= _____ION
Act of breaking up,
disintegration
5. _____
Back
+ _____
Flow
= ___D__NT
Exceeding what is necessary;
superfluous
6. _____
Before
+ _____
Write
= _____ED
Ordered as a remedy
7. _____
Again
+ _____
Look
= _____ING
Looking at again to correct
8. _____
Over
+ _____
Flow
= _____TE
Overflow; overwhelm
9. _____ + _____ = _____ ER

Under Write One who writes his name at
the end of a document
10. _____
Down
+ _____
Put
= _____ED
Put out of office; dethroned

p n:
1. Dissolved = Lm tan, ha tan
2. Invisible = Khng th nhn thy
3. Imposed = p t, gy ra
4. Dissolution = S gii tn; phn r; s ha tan
5. Redundant = Vt qu s cn thit; d tha
6. Prescribed = Quy nh tr liu
7. Revising = Xem li v sa cha; hiu nh
8. Inundate = Trn ngp
9. Subscriber = Ngi k tn pha di vn kin; ngi t mua
10. Deposed = B trut ph; b cch chc

Week 50

M RNG VN T QUA CC T T HY LP

I) Why study Greek word elements?

English contains a substantial and growing number of words derived from Greek. Some of
these words are general words in everyday use, e.g., authentic, chronological, economical,
homogeneous, etc. Others are used in specialized fields. Certainly you have heard terms like
antibiotic, orthopedic, and pediatrician in the field of medicine; astronaut, protoplasm; and
thermonuclear in science and autonomous, demagogue, and protocol in government.
These important words, and others like them in this unit, are constructed from Greek word
elements. Once you know what a particular word element means, you have a clue to the meaning
of words derived from it. When, for example, you have learned that PAN or PANTO means
complete or all, you are better able to understand and remember that a panacea is a
remedy, for all ills, a panorama is a complete and unobstructed view in all directions, and a
pantomime is all gestures and signs, i.e., a performance without words.

[Dch: Ti sao phi nghin cu c t t Hy Lp?
Ting Anh bao gm mt s t quan trng bt ngn t ting Hy Lp v s t ny khng ngng
tng thm. TTrong s cc t ny c mt s t tng qut s dng hng ngy, th d nh
AUTHENTIC: ch thc, CHRONOLOGICAL: bin nin; ECONOMICAL: tit kim;
HOMOGENEOUS: ng nht, Nhng t khc c s dng trong nhng lnh vc chuyn mn.
Chc chn bn tng nghe nhng t nh: ANTI BI OTI C: khng sinh; ORTHOPEDI C: khoa
chnh hnh, PEDIATRICIAN: bc s nha khoa trong lnh vc y hc; ASTRONAUT: phi hnh gia;
PROTOPLASM: cht nguyn sinh v THERMONUCLEAR: thuc v nhit hch trong khoa hc;
v AUTONOMOUS: t tr, DEMAGOGUE: k m dn v PROTOCOL: nghi thc trong lnh vc
cng quyn.
Nhng t quan trng ny v nhng t khc ging nh chng trong n v bi hc ny c
kin to t cc thnh t Hy Lp. Mt khi bn bit c mt t t no c ngha l g th bn c
c mt u mi hiu c ngha ca t dn xut. Th d khi bn hc v bit rng PAN
hoc PANTO c ngha l tan th hoc tt c bn s c nhiu kh nng hn hiu v nh
- rng PANACEA l mt phng thuc tr b bnh, PANORAMA l m ci nhn tan cnh y

v khng b tr ngi v tt c mi hng, v PANTOMIME kch cm th gm tt c ch l iu
b v du hiu, ngha l din xut khng dung li ni.]

II) Purpose of this unit:
This unit aims to exchange your vocabulary by acquainting you with twenty Greek words
elements and some English words derived from them. As you study each word group, make it a
special point to memorize the meaning of the word element so that you will be able to recognize
it in derivatives.

[Dch: Mc tiu n v hc bi ny
Chng ny nhm mc ch m rng vn t vng ca bn bng cch lm cho bn quen thuc
vi 20 t t Hy Lp. V mt s t ting Anh pht xut t chng. Khi bn nghin cu mi mt
nhm t, bn hy ch c bit nh ngha ca t t hu bn c th s nhn ra chng trong
cc t dn xut.]


1. AUT, AUTO: self

1) Authentic / :'entik/ (adjective)
= (Literally, from the master himself genuine; real; reliable; trustworthy
(Ngha en: t chnh ng thy ) ch thc; tht; c th tin cy c; xng ng tin cy
Ex: When you withdraw money, the bank compares your signature with the one in its files to
see if it is authentic.
(Khi bn rt tin, ngn hng so snh ch k ca bn vi ch k trong h s xem c phi l
tht hay khng.)

2) Autobiography / ,:toubai'grfi/ (noun)
= Story of a persons life written by the person himself
(Thin t truyn, cu chuyn v mt ngi do chnh ngi vit )
Ex: In her autobiography THE STORY OF MY LIFE, Helen Keller tells how unruly she
was as a young child.
(Trong thin t truyn CU CHUYN I TI, Helen Keller k li lc cn l mt a tr,
b bt tr nh th no.)

3) Autocrat / ':tkrt/ (noun)
= Ruler exercising self-derived, absolute power; despot
(Nh c ti c quyn lc tuyt i; bo cha )
Ex: The autocrat was replaced by a ruler responsible to the people.
(Nh c ti b thay th bi bi mt lnh t chu trch nhim trc nhn dn.)

4) Autograph / ':tgr:f/ (noun)
= Persons signature written by himself
(Ch k ca chnh mnh )
Ex: The baseball star wrote his autograph for an admirer who came up to him with a pencil
and scorecard.
(Cu th bng tng ch k ca mnh cho mt ngi hm m khi anh ta tin n vi mt
cu bt ch v mt phiu ghi t s thng.)

5) Automatic / ,:t'mtik/ (adjective)
= Acting by itself; self-regulating
(Hnh ng bi chnh mnh; t ng )
Ex: You do not have to defrost this refrigerator because it is equipped with an automatic
defroster.
(Bn khng cn phi x ng chic t lnh ny v n c trang b bng b phn x bng t
ng.)


1) Automation / ,:t'mein/ (noun)
= Technique of making a process self-operating by means of built in electronic controls
(K thut t ng ha bng b phn in t gn bn trong )
Ex: Many workers have lost their jobs as a result of automation.
(Nhiu cng nhn mt vic do hu qu ca tin trnh t ng ha.)

2) Automaton / :'tmtn/ (noun)
= (Literally, self-acting thing ) purely mechanical person following a routine; robot.
(Ngha en: Vt t ng ) Mt con ngi han thnh my mc theo thi quen thng l;
ngi my (Lm vic my mc, rp khun khng c sng to )
Ex: An autocrat prefers his subjects to be automatons, rather than intelligent human beings.
(Nh c ti thch thuc h ca ng ta l nhng ngi my hn l nhng ngi c t duy.)

3) Autonomous /:'tnms/ (adjective)
= Self-governing; independent
(T cai tr; c lp; t tr )
Ex: The Alumni Association is not under the control of the school. It is a completely
autonomous group.
(Hi Cu sinh vin khng thuc quyn iu khin ca nh trng. y l mt t chc t tr
han tan.)

4) Autonomy / :'tnmi/ (noun)
= Right of self-government
(Quyn t tr )
Ex: After World War II, many colonies were granted autonomy and became independent
nations.
(Sau chin tranh th gii th hai, nhiu thuc a c ban cho quyn t tr v ri tr thnh
cc quc gia c lp.)

5) Autopsy / ':tpsi/ (noun)
= (Literally, a seeing for ones self ) medical examination of a dead body to determine the
cause death, postmortem examination
(Ngha en, Mt s xem xt cho chnh mnh ) Khm nghim nghim y khoa xc cht
xc nh nguyn nhn ci cht; khm xt sau khi cht, khm nghim t thi )
Ex: The cause of actors sudden death will not be known until the autopsy has been
performed.
(Nguyn nhn gy ra ci cht thnh lnh ca nam din vin y cha c bit r cho n khi
cuc khm nghim t thi c tin hnh xong.)

2. CRACY: government

6) Aristocracy / ,ris'tkrsi/ (noun)

= 1. (Literally, government by the best ) government, or country governed, by a small
privileged, by a small privileged upper class
(Ngha en: Cai tr bi nhng ngi u t nht ) Chnh quyn hoc quc gia c cai tr bi mt
nhm thng lu c c quyn, nhm ny to thnh mt giai cp ring; ch qu tc.
Ex: Before 1789, France was an aristocracy.
(Trc nm 1789, nc Php l mt nc cai tr bi gia cp qu tc.)

= 2. Ruling class of nobles, nobility; privileged class
(S cai tr ca tng lp qu tc; gii c c quyn )

7) Autocracy / :'tkrsi/ (noun)
= Government, or country governed by one individual with self-derived, unlimited power
(Chnh quyn hoc quc gia c cai tr bi mt c nhn c quyn hnh v hn v c an;
ch c ti, ch chuyn ch )
Ex: Germany under Adolf Hitler was an autocracy.
(Nc c di thi Adolf Hitler l mt nc theo ch c ti.)

Bureaucracy / bju'rkrsi/ (noun)
= Government by bureaus or groups of officials
(Cai tr bi gii th li hoc bi mt nhm cc vin chc; b my th li )
Ex: The Mayor was criticized for setting up an inefficient bureaucracy unresponsive to the
needs of the people.
(ng th trng b ph bnh v thit lp nn mt b my th li khng hiu nng,
khng p ng c nh cu ca cc dn chng.)

9) Democracy / di'mkrsi/ (noun)
= Government or country governed by the people; rule by the majority
(Chnh quyn hoc quc gia cai tr bi nhn dn; cai tr bng a s; ch dn ch )
Ex: France helped the Thirteen Colonies establish the first New World democracy.
(Nc Php gip cho mi ba thuc a thit lp mt ch dn ch u tin ti tn th
gii.)

10) Plutocracy / plu:'tkrsi/ (noun)
= Government, or country governed by the rich
(Chnh quyn hoc quc gia c cai tr bi ngi giu; ch ti phit )
Ex: If only millionaires can afford to run for office, we shall quickly become a plutocracy.
(Nu nh ch c nhng ngi triu ph mi c th ra tranh c th chng ta nhanh chng
tr thnh quc gia theo ch ti phit.)


2. CRACY: Government

1) Technocracy / tek'nkrasi/ (noun)
= Government or country governed by technical experts
(Chnh quyn, hoc x s c cai tr bi cc chuyn gia k thut; ch k tr.)
Ex: Many are opposed to a technocracy because they do not wish to be ruled by technical
experts.

(Nhiu ngi chng i ch k tr bi v h khng mun b cai tr bi cc chuyn gia
khoa hc k thut.)

2) Aristocrat / 'ristkrt/ (noun)
= 1. Advocate of aristocracy
(Ngi theo ch qu tc )
Ex: An aristocrat would like to see noblemen in control of the government.
(Mt ngi theo ch qu tc mun thy giai cp qu tc iu khin chnh quyn.)

= 2. Member of the aristocracy
(Thnh vin ca giai cp qu tc; ngi qu tc )
Ex: Winston Churchill was born an aristocrat; he was the son of Sir Randolph Churchill.
(Winston Churchill sinh ra trong giai cp qu tc; ng ta l con trai ca Ngi Randolph
Churchill.)

3) Democrat / 'demkrt/ (noun)
= Member of the Democratic Party
(ng vin ng dn ch )
Ex: The Senator used to be a Republican but is now a Democrat.
(Thng ngh s tiu bang y trc y l ng vin ng Cng Ha nhng gi l ang vin
ng Dn Ch.)

3. DEM, DEMO: People"

4) Demagogue / 'demgg/ (noun)
= Political leader who stirs up the people for personal advantage; rabble-rouser
(Lnh t chnh tr m dn, khuy ng qun chng bi v li ch ring, k gy kch ng.)
Ex: No responsible leader, only a demagogue, would tell the people that, if elected, he will
solve all their problems.
(Mt ngi lnh o v trch nhim, ch c k m dn mi ni vi dn chng rng nu hn
c bu, hn s gii quyt tt c cc vn kh khn ca qun chng.)

5) Democratic / ,dem'krtik/ (adjective)
= Based on the principles of democracy, or government by the people
(Theo cc nguyn tc ca ch dn ch, hoc mt chnh quyn bi nhn dn; c tnh cch
dn ch )
Ex: A nation cannot be considered democratic unless its leaders are chosen by the people in
free election.
(Mt quc gia khng th c xem l dn ch tr phi cc lnh t ca quc gia y c dn
chng bu ln trong cc cuc bu c t do.)

6) Democratize / di'mkrtaiz/ (t. verb) [T tri ngha: Undemocratic ]
= Make democratic
(Dn ch ha; lm cho dn ch )
Ex: The adoption of the 19
th
Amendment, giving women the franchise, greatly democratized
our nation.
(S chp nhn tu chnh n th 19 mang n cho ph n quyn i bu dn ch ha ln
lao quc gia chng ta.)

7) Epidemic / ,epi'demik/ (adjective, noun)
= (Literally, among the people )
(Ngha en: trong dn chng )
a. Affecting many people in an area at the same time; widespread

(ng thi nh hng n nhiu ngi trong khu vc, lan rng )
Ex: Federal aid was granted to the depressed area where unemployment has risen to
epidemic proportions.
(Tr gip Lin bang c dnh cho vng suy thai v kinh t ni m nn tht nghip
tng n mt t l nh hng n mi ngi.)
b. Outbreak affecting many people at the same time
(Bc pht ca mt bnh truyn nhim )
Ex: The high rate of absence in the lower grades last spring was caused by the measles
epidemic.
(T l vng mt cao cc lp thp hn vo ma xun va qua l do bnh dch s gy ra.)

4. PAN, PANTO: tt c, tan th.

Panacea / ,pn'si/ (noun)
= Remedy for all ills; universal remedy
(Phng thuc tr tt c bnh; cha tr c tht c; phng thuc vn nng, thuc tr b bnh
)
Ex: A two-week vacation is wonderful for fatigue, but will not cure baldness or improve
vision. It is no panacea.
(Mt k ngh hai tun l th tuyt diu cho mt ngi mt mi do lm vic qu nhiu, nhng
n khng th cha tr c bnh si u hoc ci thin c mt km. N khng phi l mt
phng thuc tin.)

9) Pan American / ,pn'merikn/ (adjective)
= Of or pertaining to all the countries of North, South, and Central America
(Thuc hoc lien h n tt c cc nc Bc, Nam v Trung M, tan lc a M Chu, Lin
M )
Ex: The Pan-American Highway links all of the countries of the Western Hemisphere from
Alaska to Chile.
(Xa l Lin M ni lin tt c cc nc Ty Bn Cu t Alaska cho n Chi L.)


4. PAN, PANTO: all, complete

1) Pandemonium / ,pndi'mounim/ (noun)
= (Literally, above of all the demons, i.e., hell) wild uproar; very noisy din; wild disorder
(Ngha en: ni c tr ca tt c yu qu nh l a ngc ) tnh trng la ln xn; s n o
huyn no; mt s v trt t )
Ex: The huge crowds in Time Square grew noisier as the old year ticked away, and when
midnight struck there was pandemonium.
(Cc m ng t tp ti qung trng Times Squares tr nn n o hn khi nm c tri qua, v
khi lc giao tha va im th quang cnh han tan hn lan.)

2) Panoply / 'pnpli/ (noun)
= Complete suit of armor; complete covering or equipment.
(B o gip; b trang thit b )
Ex: The opposing knights, mounted and in full panoply, awaited the signal for the tournament to
begin.
(Cc hip s chin u, trn lng nga v trong b o gip y , ch i hiu lnh cuc giao
u bt u.)

3) Panorama / ,pn'r:m/ (noun)
= Complete, unobstructed view
(Mt ci nhn tan cnh )
Ex: The top of the Empire State Building affords an excellent panorama of New York City and
the surrounding area.
(Trn nh tan cao c Empire State Building mang n cho ta mt ci nhn tan cnh tuyt ho
v thnh ph New York v khu ln cn.)

4) Pantomime / 'pntmaim/ (noun, verb)
= Dramatic performance that is all signs and gestures without words
(Trnh din kch tt c ch bng du hiu v c ch, khng dng li; kch cm; phim cm )
Ex: Not until THE GREAT DICTATOR did Charlie Chaplin play a speaking part. All his
previous roles were in pantomime.
(Mi cho n phim THE GREAT DICTATOR, Charlie Chaplin mi ng vai ni. Tt c cc vai
tr trc ca ng u l phim cm.)

5. CHRON, CHRONO: time

5) Anachronism / 'nkrnizm/ (noun)
= Error in chronology or time order
(S sai lm v nin i hoc trnh t thi gian )
Ex: It is an anachronism to say that William Shakespear typed his manuscripts.
(Ni rng William Shakespeare nh my cc bn tho ng l mt s sai lm v nin i. [V
thi cha c my nh ch ] )

6) Chronicle / 'krnikl/ (noun, t. verb)
= Historical account of events in the order of time; history; annals
(Tng thut, ghi chp cc bin c lch s theo trnh t thi gian; lch s; s bin nin )
Ex: One of the earliest accounts of King Arthur occurs in a 12
th
century chronicle of the kings of
Britain by Goeffrey of Monmouth.
(Mt trong nhng thin truyn sm nht v vua Arthur xut hin trong quyn bin nin s th
k 12 v cc v vua nc anh m tc gi l Goeffrey Monmouth.)

7) Chronological / ,krn'ldikl/ (adjective)
= Arranged in order of time
(c xp theo th t thi gian )
Ex: The magazines in this file are not in chronological order. I found the February issue after the
October one.
(Nhng tp sau trong ti liu ny khng theo th t thi gian. Ti tm thy s thng hai sau s
thng mi.)

Chronology / kr'nldi/ (noun)
= Arranged in order of time
(Sp xp d kin hc bin c theo trnh t thi gian xut hin )
Ex: Bruce named all the Presidents, but he made an error in chronology when he placed Ulysses
S. Grant after Abraham Lincoln, instead of after Andrew Johnson.
(Bruce lit k tn tt c cc v Tng Thng nhng ng ta phm mt sai lm v nin i khi
t Ulysses. S. Grant sau Abraham Lincoln thay v sau Andrew Johnon.)
9) Synchronize / 'sikrnaiz/ (in. verb, t. verb)
= Cause to agree in time; make simultaneous
(Lm cho gi ph hp vi nhau; lm cho ng thi )
Ex: The clocks in the library need to be synchronized; one is a minute and a half behind the
other.

(Nhng chic ng h trong th vin cn lm cho ph hp vi nhau; mt chic i chm hn
chic kia mt pht ri.)


6. MANIA: Madness, insane impulse, craze

1) Kleptomania / ,kleptou'meinj/ (noun)
= Insane impulse to steal
(ng lc thc y nh cp c tnh cht bnh l; chng thch n cp; tt n cp )
Ex: The millionaire who was caught shoplifting was found to be suffering from kleptomania.
(Ngi triu ph b bt gp khi n cp vt trong mt ca hng c pht hin l mt chng bnh
thch n cp.)

2) Maniac / 'meinik/ (adjective)
= Madness; insanity
(in in, khng khng )
Ex: For a student with an A average to quit school two months before graduation is sheer
maniac.
(i vi mt sinh vin c im trung bnh A m ri khi trng i hc trc khi tt nghip l
mt s in khng han tan.)

3) Mania / 'meinj/ (noun)
= Excessive fondness; craze
(Yu thch thi qu; yu say m nh in, nim am m cung nhit )
Ex: Though I am still fond of stamp collecting, I no longer have the mania for it that I originally
had.
(Mc d ti vn thch su tp tem, nhng ti khng cn say m thi qu nh lc ban u na.)

4) Maniacal / m'naikl/ (adjective)
= Characterized by madness; insane; raving
(C tnh cht in r; in khng; ni lm nhm; mt tr )
Ex: The customer protested in such a loud, violent, and maniacal manner that onlookers thought
he had lost his sanity.
(Ngi khch hng y phn i mt cch to ting, d di v in r n nhng khch bng
quan ngh ng ta mt i s khn ngoan.)

5) Pyromania / ,pairou'meini/ (noun)
= Insane impulse to set fires
(Khuynh hng mun ni la t c tnh cht bnh l; bnh cung ha )
Ex: The person arrested for setting the fire had been suspected of pyromania on two previous
occasions.
(Ngi b bt v ti ni la t b nghi b bnh tm thn cung ha trong hai v trc y.)

7. PED: a tr

6) Encyclopedia / en,saiklou'pi j/ (noun)
= (Literally, well-rounded rearing of a child ) work offering alphabetically arranged
information on various branches of knowledge.
(Ngha en: Gio dc tan din mt a tr ) Sch bch khoa, t in bch khoa
Ex: There are four different encyclopedias in the reference section of our school library.
(C 4 quyn t in bch khoa khc nhau trong tham kho trong th vin trng hc ca
chng ti.)

7) Orthopedic / ,:ou'pi ik/ (adjective)
= (Literally, of the straight child ) Having to do with orthopedics, the science dealing with the
correction and prevention of deformities, especially in children
(Ngha en: Ca a tr ngay thng ) Lin h n, thuc v khoa chnh hnh, sa cha, ngn
nga s d dng, nht l tr em
Ex: Patients recovering from broken limbs are housed in the hospitals orthopedic ward.
(Cc bnh nhn ang hi phc li do gy tay hoc gy chn c cho tr ng trong khu chnh
hnh ca bnh vin.)

Pedagogue / 'pedgg/ (noun)
= (Literally, leader of child ) teacher of children; school master
(Ngha en: Ngi dn ng a tr ) Thy gio dy tr; thy gio; nh s phm
Ex: A new teacher usually receives a great deal of help from the more experienced pedagogues.
(Mt gio vin mi thng nhn c nhiu s gip t nhng nh s phm c nhiu kinh
nghim hn.)

9) Pedagogy / 'pedgdi/ (noun)
= Art of teaching
(Khoa dy hc; khoa s phm )
Ex: Mr. Dworkins lessons are usually excellent. He is a master of pedagogy.
(Nhng bi ging ca gio s Dworkin thng l xut sc. ng ta l gio s dy mn S Phm.)

10) Pediatrician / pi i'trin/ (noun)
= Physician specializing in the treatment of babies and children
(Thy thuc chuyn iu tr tr s sinh v tr em.)
Ex: When the baby developed a fewer, mother telephoned the pediatrician.
(Khi a tr b bnh st tin trin, ngi m gi in cho thy thuc nhi khoa.)
11) Pediatrics / ,pi i'triks/ (noun)
= Branch of medicine dealing with the care, development, and diseases of babies and children
(Mt ngnh ca y khoa cha bnh cho tr con, v tr nh; nhi khoa.)
Ex: From the number of baby carriages outside his office, you can tell that Dr. Enders specializes
in pediatrics.
(Do c mt s xe y tr bn ngai phng mch, bn cth bit rng bc s Enders chuyn v nhi
khoa.)


8. ORTHO: straight, correct

1) Orthodontist / ,:ou'dntist/ (noun)
= Dentist specializing in orthodontics, a branch of dentistry dealing with straightening and
adjusting of teeth.
(Nha s chuyn ngnh chnh rng, mt ngnh nha khoa chuyn iu chnh v lm cho thng
nhng chic rng )
Ex: A student who wears braces on his teeth is obviously under the care of an orthodontist.
(Anh sinh vin eo np rng r rng l ang c nha s chnh rng chm sc.)

2) Orthodox / ':dks/ (adjective) [T tri ngha: Unorthodox = Khng chnh thng ]
= (Literally, correct opinion ) generally accepted, especially in religion; conventional;
approved; conservative

(Ngha en: kin ng ) c mi ngi a s chp nhn, c bit trong tn gio; chnh
thng; c chp thun; bo th
Ex: There was no religious liberty in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Roger William, for
example, was banished because he did not accept orthodox Puritan beliefs.
(Khng c t do tn gio ti thuc a Massachusetts Bay. Bng chng l Roger Williams b
trc xut v ng ta khng chp nhn cc tnh iu Thanh gio chnh thng.)

3) Orthography / :'grfi/ (noun)
= (Literally, correct writing ) correct spelling
(Ngha en: vit ng ) vit ng chnh t, chnh t
Ex: American and English orthography are very much alike. One difference, however, is in
words like honor and labor, which the English spell honour and labour
(Chnh t ca ca Hoa K v Anh rt ging nhau. Tuy nhin mt s khc bit l trong nhng
ch nh HONOR v LABOR ngi Anh li vit l: HONOUR v LABOUR.)

4) Orthopedist / ,:ou'pi ist/ (noun)
= Physician specializing in the correction and prevention of deformities, especially in children
(Bc s chuyn khoa chnh hnh, sa cha v ngn nga d dng nht l tr em.)
Ex: A deformity of the spine is a condition that requires the attention of an orthopedist.
(D dng ct sng l mt tnh trng cn s chm sc cha tr ca bc s khoa chnh hnh.)

5) Unorthodox / ,n':dks/ (adjective)
= Not orthodox; not in accord with accepted, standard, or approved belief or practice
(Khng chnh thng; khng ph hp vi tn l hoc thc tin c chp thun, c xem l
tiu chun, c s ng )
Ex: Vaccination was rejected as unorthodox when Dr. Jenner first suggested it.
(Chng nga b bc s b v i ngc li thc tin khi ln u tin bc s Jenner ngh.)

9. GEN, GENO, GENEA: race, kind, birth

6) Genealogy / ,di:ni'ldi/ (noun)
= (Literally, account of a race or family ) History of the descent of a person or family from an
ancestor; lineage; pedigree
(Ngha en: bng miu t v mt dng ging hoc mt gia nh ) Lch s ph h ca mt ngi
hoc mt gia nh xut pht t mt t tin; ni ging; ph h
Ex: Diane can trace her descent from an ancestor who fought in the Civil War. I know much less
about my own genealogy.
(Diane c th vch ra dng tc ca c t mt t tin tng chin u trong cuc Ni chin. Ti
khng bit nhiu v ph h ca chnh ti lm.)

7) Genesis / 'denisis/ (noun)
= Birth or coming into being of something; origin
(Ngun gc pht sinh; ngui ci )
Ex: According to legend, the Trojan War had its genesis is a dispute between three Greek
goddesses.
(Theo truyn thuyt, cuc chin tranh thnh Troy bt ngun t s xung t gia ba v n thn
Hy Lp.)

Heterogeneous / ,hetrou'dinjs/ (adjective)
= Differing in kind; dissimilar; not uniform; varied
(Khc lai; khc bit; khng ng nht; d bit; a dng )
Ex: Many different racial and cultural groups are to be found in the heterogeneous population of
a large city.

(Nhiu nhm chng tc v vn kha khc nhau c tm thy trong c dn a dng ca mt
thnh ph ln.)

9) Homogeneous / ,hm'di:njs/ (adjective)
= Of the same kind; similar; uniform
(Cng lai; ging nhau; ng nht )
Ex: The dancers for the ballet were selected for similarity of height and build so that they might
present a homogeneous appearance.
(Nhng v cng ballet c chn da trn s ng nht v chiu cao v tm vc cho h c th
xut hin mt cch ng nht.)

10) Homogenize / h'mdinaiz/ (t. verb, in.verb)
= Make homogeneous
(Lm cho ng nht; lm cho u )
Ex: If dairies did not homogenize milk, the cream would be concentrated at the top instead of
being evenly distributed.
(Nu nh cc nh sn xut sa khng khuy, lm u sa th kem s tp trung pha trn thay
v c phn tn u.)


10. METER, METR: o lng

1) Barometer / b'rmit/ (noun)
= Instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure as an aid in determining probable weather
changes
(Mt dng c o lng p sut kh quyn gip vic xc nh s thay i thi tit c th xy ra;
phong v biu )
Ex: When the barometer indicates a rapid drop in air pressure, it means a storm is coming.
(Khi phong v biu p sut kh quyn st gim t ngt, iu c ngha l mt trn bo ang
n.)

2) Chronometer / kr'nmit/ (noun)
= Instrument for measuring time very accurately
(Dng c o thi gian rt chnh xc )
Ex: Unlike ordinary clocks and watches, chronometers are little affected by temperature
changes or vibration.
(Khng ging nh ng h v ng h eo tay thng thng, ng h thin vn rt t b nh
hng bi s thay i nhit hoc s dao ng.)

3) Diameter / dai'mit/ (noun)
= (Literally, measure across ) straight line passing through the center of a body or figure from
one side to the other; length of such a line; thickness; width
(Ngha en: o ngang qua ) ng knh;
Ex: Some giant redwood trees measure 325 feet in height and up to 30 feet in diameter.
(Mt vi cy g khng l o c 325 feet chiu cao v n 30 feet ng knh.)

4) Meter / 'mi:t/ (noun)
= 1. Device for measuring
(Cy thc, dng c o lng, ng h )
Ex: When water meters are installed, it will be easy to tell how much water each home is using.
(Khi ng h nc c lp t, s d dng bit mi nh tiu th nc bao nhiu.)

= 2. Unite of measure in the metric system; 39.37 inches
(n v o lng trong h thng mt; mt mt = 39.37 phn Anh )
Ex: A meter is 3.37 inches longer than a yard.
(Mt mt th di hn 1 yard 3,37 inch Anh.)

5) Odometer / 'dmit(r)/ (noun)
= Instrument attached to a vehicle for measuring the distance traversed
(ng h o khang cch gn vo xe cc lai o khang cch chy c.)
Ex: All eyes, except the drivers, were fastened on the odometer as it moved from 9,999.9 to 10, 000
miles.
(Ngai tr i mt ca ngi ti x, tt c mi cp mt u nhn chm chm vo chic ng h o
khang cch khi n nhy t 9.999,9 sang 10.000 mile.)

6) Photometer / fou'tmit(r)/ (noun)
= Instrument for measuring intensity of light
(Dng c o cng nh sang; quang k )
Ex: The intensity of a source of light, such as an electric light bulb, can be measured with a
photometer.
(Cng ca mt ngun sng, nh bng n in chng hn, c th c o bng mt quang k.)

7) Speedometer / spi'dmit/ (noun)
= Instrument for measuring speed; tachometer
(Dng c do tc ; ng h o tc xe)
Ex: I advise Dad to slow down as we were in a 30-mile-an-hour zone and his speedometer
registered more than 40.
(Ti bo vi b ti hy gim tc xung v chng ti ang di chuyn trong khu vc vn tc 30 dm
mt gi v ng h tc ca b th hn 40.)

Symmetry / 'simtri/ (noun)
= Correspondence in measurements, etc., on opposite sides of a dividing line; well-balanced
arrangement of parts.
(S i xng v kch thc, hnh dng, v v vi pha bn kia ngang qua mt trc phn chia; s
sp xp cc b phn cn i.)
Ex: As the planes sped by, we were impressed by the perfect symmetry of their V-formation.
(Khi chic my bay bay qua chng ti cm thy thn phc v i hnh ch V ca chng ti i xng
han ho.)

APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

Exercise 11 (page 526): In the space before each Greek word element column I, write the letter of its
correct meaning in column II
Column I Column II
1. ORTHO
Thng, ng
(A) Child
2. MANIAC
Ngi in
(B) All; complete
3. GEN, GENO, GENEA
Chng; lai; s sinh sn
(C) Madness; insane
impulse; craze
4. CHRON, CHRONO
Thi gian
(D) Straight; correct

5. CRAT
Ngi ch trng mt hnh thi cai tr
(E)Government
6. AUT, AUTO
Mt mnh, bi mt mnh
(F) Race; kind; birth
7. METER, METR
o lng
(G) People
8. PAN, PANTO
Tt c, tan th
(H) Advocate of a type of
government
9. MANIA
in, ng lc in, ri di
(I) Measure
10. CRACY
Chnh quyn cai tr
(J) Self
11. PED
a tr
(K) Time
12. DEM, DEMO
Dn chng
(L) Person affected by an insane impulse

Answer:
1-D 2-L 3-F 4-K 5-H 6-J 7-I 8-B 9-C 10-E 11-A 12-G

Exercise 12 (page 527): Fill in the missing letters of the word at the right. Each dash stands for one
missing letter.
DEFINITION WORD
1. Arranged in order of time _____LOGICAL
2. Technique of making a process self-
operating
_____MATION
3. Instrument for measuring atmospheric
Pressure
BARO_____
4. Remedy for all ills ___ACEA
5. Differing in kind HETERO___EOUS
6. Person affected by an insane impulse to
set fires
PYRO_____
7. Government by small privileged upper
class
ARISTO____
8. Dentist specializing in straightening teeth _____DONTIST
9. Teacher of children _____AGOGUE
10. Self-governing _____NOMOUS
11. Correspondence in shape, size,
measurements, etc.

ANSWER
Chronological
Automation
Barometer
Panacea

p n:


13. DERM, DERMATO: skin

1) Dermatologist / ,d:m'tldist/ (noun)
= Physician specializing in dermatology, the science dealing with the skin and its diseases
(Bc s chuyn v da liu, chuyn tr bnh da )
Ex: The patient with the skin disorder is under the care of a dermatologist.
(Bnh nhn b bnh da c mt bc s chuyn khoa da liu chm sc.)

2) Dermis / 'd:mis/ (noun)
= Inner layer of the skin
(Lp da trong, lp da nm di biu b, h b )
Ex: The tiny cells from which hairs grow are located in the dermis.
(Nhng t bo nh m lng v tc mc ra th nm lp da trong.)

3) Epidermis / ,epi'd:mis/ (noun) [Khc vi epidemic]
= Outer layer of the skin
(Lp da ngai )
Ex: Although very thin, the epidermis serves to protect the underlying dermis.
(Mc d rt mng, lp da ngai ng vai tr bo v lp da trong nm bn di.)

4) Hypodermic / ,haip'd:mik/ (adjective)
= Beneath the skin
(Di da )
Ex: A hypodermic syringe is used for injecting medication beneath the skin.
(ng chch di da c dng tim thuc vo di da.)

5) Taxidermist / 'tksid:mist/ (noun)
= One who practices taxidermy, the art of repairing, stuffing, and mounting the skins of animals
in a lifelike form
(Ngi nhi bong th, Taxi-dermy: thut nhi bng th )
Ex: The lifelike models of animals that you see in museums are the work of skilled taxidermists.
(Nhng con th nhi bng y nh tht m bn thy trong cc vin bo tng l cng trnh ca
nhng ngi th nhi bng th ti ngh.)

14. NOM, NEM: management, distribution, law

6) Agronomy / 'grnmi/ (noun)
= (Literally, land management ) branch of agriculture dealing with crop production and soil
management; husbandry
Heterogeneous
Pyromaniac
Aristocracy
Orthodontist
Pedagogue
Autonomous

(Ngha en: qun l t ai ) mt ngnh ca canh nng chuyn nghin cu canh tc ma
mng v qun l t; ngh nng
Ex: The science of agronomy helps farmers obtain larger and better crops.
(Khoa nng hc gip cc nh nng c c v ma thu hach nhiu hn v tt hn.)

7) Economic / ,i:k'nmik/ (adjective)
= Having to do with economics (literally, household management the social science dealing
with production, distribution, and consumption
Thuc v kinh t hc (ngha en: qun l vic trong nh mt b mn khoa hc x hi nghin cu
v sn xut, phn phi v tiu dng )
Ex: The Presidents chief economic adviser expects that production will continue at the same rate
for the rest of the year.
(C vn kinh t chnh yu ca tng thng tin rng sn xut s tip tc cng mt nhp t y
cho n cui nm.)

Economical / ,i:k'nmikl/ (adjective) (T tri ngha: Extravagant)
= Managed or managing without waste; thrifty; frugal; sparing
(c qun l hoc qun l khng ph phm; tit kim; m bc v tit kim; tit kim)
Ex: Which is the most economical fuel for home heating-gas, electricity, or oil?
(Nng lng, nhin liu no s si m ngi nh tit kim nht xng, in hay du? )

9) Gastronome / 'gstrnoum/ (noun)
= One who follows the principles of gastronomy (literally, management of the stomach ) , the
art or science of good eating; epicure; gourmet
Ngi snh n, bit cc nguyn tc ca khoa nu n ngon (ngha en: qun l bao t ) ngi
n ung snh iu, ngi n ung iu ngh
Ex: Being a gastronome, my uncle is well acquainted with the best restaurants in the city.
(Vi tnh cch l mt k snh n ung, ch ti rt quen thuc vi nhng hiu n ngon nht trong
thnh ph.)

10) Nemesis / 'nemisis/ (noun)
= (From Nemesis, the Greek goodness of vengeance who distributes or deals out what is due)
1. Person that inflicts just punishment for evil deeds
(Ngi trng pht ng lc cc hnh vi ti c )
Ex: The fleeing murderer escaped the bullets of two pursuing policemen but ran into a third
who proved to be his nemesis.
(Tn st nhn ang b chy, that khi nhng vin n ca cnh st ang rt ui nhng
gp phi ngi cnh st th ba kt liu i hn.)
2. Formidable and usually victorious opponent
( Mt i th ng gm v thng chin thng lun )
Ex: We would have ended the season without a defeat if not for our old nemesis, Greeley
High.
(Chng ti c th chm dt ma u bng m khng bi trn no nu nh khng gp li
i th c, ng bng trng trung hc Greeley High.)


15. PHAN, PHEN: show, appear

1) Cellophane / 'selfein/ (noun)
= Cellulose substance that shows through; transparent cellulose substance used as a wrapper
(Giy bng knh cho thy bn trong; cht xen-lu-l trong sut dng lm giy gi)

Ex: When used as a wrapper, cellophane lets the purchaser see the contents of the package.
(Khi c s dng lm giy bao, giy king trong cho ngi mua thy r nhng th cha bn trong
ti ng.)

2) Fancy / 'fnsi/ (noun) [ant. Reality]
= Imagination; illusion
(iu tng tng; o tng)
Ex: We must be able to distinguish between fact and fancy.
(Chng ta phi phn bit gia s kin v iu tng tng.)

3) Fantastic / fn'tstik/ (adjective)
= Based on fantasy rather than reason; imaginary; unreal; odd
(Cn c trn tng tng hn l tr; hoang tng; phi thc; k d.)
Ex: Robert Fultons proposal to build a steamboat was at first regarded as fantastic.
( ngh ng mt chic tu chy bng hi nc ca Robert Fluton that tin b xem l hoang
tng.)

4) Fantasy / 'fntsi/ (noun)
= Illusory image; play of the mind; imagination; fancy
(nh o khng tht; din tin ca tm thc; iu tng tng; s thch chng qua.)
Ex: Selma is not sure whether she saw a face at the window. Perhaps it was only a fantasy.
(Selma khng chc l mnh c thy mt gng mt ca s hay khng. C l ch l mt nh o.)

5) Phantom / 'fntm/ (noun)
= Something that has appearance but no reality; apparition; ghost; specter
(o nh, o tng; s hin hnh ca bng ma; bong ma m nh.)
Ex: The phantom of the slain Caesar appeared to Brutus in a dream.
(Bng ma hnh nh Caesar b git cht xut hin trong gic m ca Brutus.)

6) Phenomenal / fi'nminl/ (adjective)
= Extraordinary; remarkable; unusual
(Bt thng; ng lu ; khng bnh thng.)
Ex: Young Mozart, a phenomenal child, began composing music at the age of 5.
(Mozart thn ng, mt a tr ni bt, bt u sng tc nhc tui ln nm.)

7) Phenomenon // (Literally, an appearance )
= 1. Any observable fact or event
(S kin hoc s vic c th quan st c; hin tng )
Ex: We do not see too many adults traveling to work on bicycles, but in some foreign cities it is a
common phenomenon.
(Chng ti thy khng c nhiu ngi trng thnh lm i lm vic bng xe p nhng mt vi
thnh ph nc ngai y l mt hin tng ph bin.)
= 2. Extraordinary person or thing; wonder; prodigy
(Ngi hoc vic bt thng; ni bt; iu huyn diu; ngi c thin ti.)
Ex: Ralph is a phenomenon in math. He always gets 100% on tests.
(Ralph l c mt hin tng ni bt trong lnh vc tan. Hn lun t c 100% trong cc bi trc
nghim.)

16. THERM, THERMO: heat
Diathermy / 'dai,:mi/ (noun)
= Method of treating disease by generating heat in body tissues by high-frequency electric currents.
(Phng php tr bnh bng cch dng dng in tn s cao lm sn sinh ra nhit trong m ca c
th: Nhit in tr liu php.)

Ex: Diathermy may be prescribed for arthritis, bursitis and other conditions requiring heat treatment.
(Nhit in tr liu c th c p dng cho bnh phong thp, bao vim v nhng trng hp khc
cn tr bng nhit.)

9) Thermal / ':ml/ (adjective)
= Pertaining to heat; hot; warm
(Thuc v nhit; hi nng; m )
Ex: At Lava Hot Springs in Idaho, visitors may bathe in the thermal mineral waters.
( sui nc nng Lava Hot Springs, tiu bang Idaho, cc du khch c th tm trong nc khang
nng.)

10) Thermometer / 'mmit/ (noun)
= Instrument for measuring temperature
(Nhit k )
Ex: During the hot spell, the thermometer reached 100 degrees on six days in a row.
(Trong cn nng hn, nhit k ln n 100
o
trong su ngy lien tip.)


16. THERM, THERMO: heat
1) Thermonuclear / ,:mou'nju:kli/ (adjective)
= Having to do with the fusion (joining together), at an extraordinarily high temperature, of the
nuclei of atoms (as in the hydrogen bombs)
Ch phn ng nhit hch (ni kt li ); nhit cc k cao; nhit hch (nh trong bom kinh kh )
Ex: It is believed that the sun gets its energy from thermonuclear reactions constantly taking place
within it.
(Ngi ta tin rng mt tri sinh snh ra nng lng t cc phn ng nhit hch din ra thng
xuyn trong chnh n.)

2) Thermostat / ':mstt/ (noun)
= Automatic device for regulating temperature
(Dng c t ng iu ha nhit )
Ex: We set the thermostat to shut off the heat when the room temperature reaches 72 degrees.
(Chng ti thit tr cho b phn iu ha nhit t ng tt khi nhit trong phng tng ln n
72 .)

17. PROT, PROTO: first
3) Protagonist / pr'tgnist/ (noun) [T tri ngha: antagonist ]
= The leading (first character in a play novel, or story
(Nhn vt chnh (hang u ) trong mt v kch, mt quyn tiu thuyt, hoc mt cu chuyn.)
Ex: Brutus is the protagonist in William Shakespeares JULIUS CAESAR, and Antony is the
antagonist.
(Brutus l nhn vt chnh trong v kch Julius Caesar ca Shakespeare v Anthony l nhn vt i
lp.)

4) Protocol / 'proutkl/ (noun)
= 1. First draft or record (of discussions, agreements, etc.) from which a treaty is drawn up;
preliminary memorandum
(Bn tho hoc bn ghi chp u tin ca mt hip c; bn ghi nh s khi )
Ex: The protocol initiated by the representatives of the three nations is expected to lead to a formal
treaty.
(Bn phc tho do i din ba quc gia xut c tin l s dn n mt hip c chnh thc.)

= 2. Rules of etiquette of the diplomatic crops, military services etc.
(Cc quy nh v nghi l ca ngai giao an, ca qun i )
Ex: It is a breach of protocol for a subordinate publicly to question the judgment of his superior
officer.
(Mt thuc cp cng khai cht vn v nhn nh ca thng cp ca chnh mnh l mt s vi phm
nghi l.)

5) Protoplasm / 'proutplzm/ (noun)
= (Literally, first molded material ) fundamental substance of which all living things are
composed.
(Ngha en: Vt liu c khun c u tin ) Cht c bn m mi vt sng (sinh vt ) c cu
to: t bo cht.
Ex: Protoplasm distinguishes living from nonliving things.
(T bo cht phn bit mt sinh vt vi mt vt v sinh.)

6) Prototype / 'prouttaip/ (noun)
= First or original model of anything; model; pattern
(Khun mu u tin hoc nguyn thy ca mt vt g ; khun mu; m thc.)
Ex: The crude craft in which the Wright brothers made the first successful flight in 1903 was the
prototype of the modern airplane.
(Chic my bay th s m an hem Wright thc hin thnh cng chuyn bay u tin nm 1903 l
tin thn kiu mu ca chic my bay hin i.)

7) Protozoan / ,ptout'zoun/ (noun)
= (Literally, First animal ) animal consisting only of a single cell
Con vt n bo (ngha en con vt u tin )
Ex: The tiny protozoans are believed to be the first animals to have appeared on earth.
(Con vt n bo nh b c cho l nhng con vt u tin xut hin trn qu t.)

18. THESIS, THET: set, place, put
Antithesis / n'tiisis/ (noun)
= (Literally, a setting against ) direct opposite; contrary
(Ngha en: mt s sp xp t ngc li. ) i lp li; ngc li; phn .
Ex: I cannot vote for a candidate who stands for the antithesis of what I believe.
(Ti khng th bu cho mt ng c vin c ch trng ngc li vi nhng g ti tin tng.)

9) Epithet / 'epiet/ (noun)
= (Literally, something placed on or added ) characterizing word or phrase; descriptive
expression
(Ngha en: mt ci g c t vo hoc c thm vo ) t hoc cm t miu t; cch
din t
Ex: General Stonewall Jackson won the epithet Stonewall when his brigade stood like a stone
wall at the Battle of Bull Run.
(i tng Stonewall Jackson c gn cho ci tn l Bc tng thnh bng khi l an ca
ng ng vng nh bc tng thnh bng trong trn nh Bull Run.)

10) Hypothesis / ,haipou'etik/ (noun)
= (Literally, a placing under or supposing ) supposition or assumption made as a basis for
reasoning or research.
(ngha en: t di hoc gi thit ) s gi nh hoc gi thit c dung lm nn tng cho
lp lun hoc nghin cu: gi thit.
Ex: When Columbus first presented his hypothesis that the earth is round, very few believed it.
(Khi Columbus u tin trnh by gi thit ca ng cho rng qu t hnh trn, rt t ngi tin.)


18. THESIS, THET: set, place, put
1) Synthesis / 'sinsis/ (noun) [T tri ngha: Analysis]
= (Literally, putting together ) combination of parts or elements into whole
(Ngha en: gp chung li ) kt hp cc phn hoc cc yu t thnh mt tan th.
Ex: Would you rather listen to a single work of this composer or to a synthesis of several of his
work?
(Bn mun nghe mt bn nhc ca nh san nhc ny hay mun nghe mt tng hp cc bn nhc
ca ng ta?)

2) Synthetic / sin'etik/ (adjective) [T tri ngha: Natural]
= (Literally, put together ) artificially made; man-made
(Ngha en: t cng chung li. )
Ex: Cotton is natural fiber, but rayon and nylon are synthetic.
(Bng l si thin nhin nhng si rayon v nlon l si tng hp nhn to.)

3) Thesis / 'i:sis/ (noun)
= (Literally, a setting down )
(Ngha en: t xung. )
1. Claim put forward; proposition; statement
(, ngh, khng nh.)
Ex: Do you agree with Ellens thesis that a student court would be good for our school?
(Ch c ng vi khng nh ca Ellen rng mt sn chi dnh cho hc sinh l tt cho
trng hc ca chng ta khng?)

2. Essay written by a candidate for a college degree
(Lun n; lun vn do mt th sinh vit ly mt bng i hc.)
Ex: Candidates for advanced college degrees usually must write a thesis based on original
research.
(Th sinh mun ly mt vn bng cao cp trn i hc thng phi vit mt bn lun n cn
c trn mt cng trnh nghin cu c sc.)
19. ASTER, ASTR, ASTRO: star
4) Aster / 'st/ (noun)
= Plant having small starlike flowers
(Tho mt c hoa nh ging nh ngi sau; mt lai cc vng.)
Ex: Most asters bloom in the fall.
(Phn ng lai cc Aster n vo ma thu.)

5) Asterisk / 'strisk/ (noun)
= (Literally, little star ) star-shaped mark (*) used to call attention to a footnote, omission, etc.
(Ngha en: ngi sao nh ) du hoa th (*) ging nh ngi sao dung hng s ch n phn ghi
ch pha di trang, hc s b st, )
Ex: The asterisk after Reduced to $1.95 refers to a footnote reading Small and medium only.
(Du hoa th i theo cm t Gim cn 1 la 95 dn chiu n phn ghi ch cui trang Ch lai
nh v trung bnh m thi. )
6) Asteroid / 'strid/ (noun)
= 1. Very small planet resembling a star in appearance
(Hnh tinh rt nh ging nh ngi sao khi xut hin )
Ex: Compared to planet Earth, some asteroids are tiny, measuring less than a mile in diameter.
(So snh vi tri t, mt vi hnh tinh t hon khc th rt nh, c ng knh o khng n mt
mile.)

= 2. Starfish
(Sao bin )
Ex: If an asteroid loses an arm to an attacker, it can grow back the missing arm.
(Nu mt con sa bin mt i mt cnh tay do i th ca n gy ra, n c th mc li ci cnh tay
b mt y.)

7) Astrologer / s'trld/ (noun)
= Person who practices astrology the false science dealing with the influence of the stars and planets
on human affairs.
(Chim tinh, ngi hnh ngh chim tinh, mt b mn gi khoa hc nghin cu nh hng cc v
sao v hnh tinh trn cc s vic ca con ngi.)
Ex: An astrologer would have people believe that their lives are regulated by the movements of the
stars, planets, sun and moon.
(Mt nh chim tinh s lm cho ngi ta tin rng cuc sng ca h b nh hng bi s chuyn
ng ca cc v sao, cc hnh tinh, mt tri v mt trng.)

Astronaut / 'strn:t/ (noun)
= (Literally, star sailor ) traveler in outer space
(Ngha en: thy th ngi sao ) ngi du hnh khng gian.
Ex: Yuri Gagarin, the worlds first astronaut, orbited the earth in an artificial satellite on April 12,
1961.
(Yuri Gagarin, nh du hnh v tr u tin, bay quanh qu o qu t trong mt v tinh nhn to
vo ngy 12/4/1961.)

9) Astronomer / s'trnm/ (noun)
= Expert in astronomy science of the stars, planets, sun, moon, and other heavenly bodies.
(Nh thin vn, khoa hc nghin cu cc v sao, cc hnh tinh, mt tri, mt trng v cc thin th
khc.)
Ex: Because the stars are so far away, astronomers measure their distance from Earth in light
years (one light year equals about six trillion miles.)
(Bi v cc v sao th qu xa xi nn cc nh thin vn o khang cch t qu t n chng bng
nm nh sng (mt nm nh sang bng 6 ngn t mile.)

10) Disaster / di'z:st/ (noun)
= (literally, contrary star ) sudden or extraordinary misfortune; calamity
Tai bin, tai nn, thin tai (iu khng may bt thng bng nhin n.)
Ex: The attack on Pearl Harbor was the worst disaster in the history of the US Navy.
(Cuc tn cng vo Trn Chu cng l mt tai ha ti t nht trong lch s Hi qun M.)


20. GRAM, GRAPH: letter, writing
1) Anagram / 'ngrm/ (noun)
= Word or phrase formed from another by transposing the letters
(T cng mt mu t )
Ex: Moat is an anagram for atom.

(Moat l t cng mu t vi t atom.)

2) Cartographer / k:'tgrf/ (noun)
= (Literally, map writer ) person skilled in cartography, the science or art of map making
(Ngha en: ngi v ha ) Ngi chuyn ngnh v ha
Ex: Ancient cartographers did not know of the existence of the Western Hemisphere.
(Nhng nh v ha thi c khng bit s hin din ca Ty Bn Cu.)

3) Cryptogram / 'kriptougrm/ (noun)
= Something written in secret code
(Bn vn m ha ngha, l c vit bng b k hiu b mt.)
Ex: Military leaders, diplomats and businessmen use cryptograms to relay secret information.
(Cc tng lnh qun s, cc nh ngai giao v cc doanh gia s dng cc bn vn m ha
truyn i cc thng tin b mt.)

4) Electrocardiogram / i'lektrou'k igrm/ (noun)
= writing or tracing made by an electrocardiograph, an instrument that records the amount of
electricity the heart muscles produce during the heartbeat.
(in tm , nt vit hoc ng vch to ra bi my in tm , mt dng c ghi cc s lng
in do bp tht time to ra khi tim p.)
Ex: After reading Mrs. Hales electrocardiogram, the physician assured her that her heart was
working properly.
(Sau khi xem in tm ca b Hale, bc s bo m vi b rng tim ca b rng tim ca b hat
ng bnh thng.)

5) Epigram / 'epigrm/ (noun)
= (Literally, something written on, or inscribed ) bright or witty thought concisely and cleverly
expressed.
(Ngha en, Mt ci g c vit vo hc c khc vo ) T tng sng chi v khn
ngoan c din t ngn gn v kho lo: chm ngn

Ex: The more things a man is ashamed of, the more respectable he is is one of George Bermard
Shaws epigrams.
(Ngi ta cng h thn v nhiu iu bao nhiu th ngi ta cng c knh trng by nhiu l
mt trong nhng cu chm ngn ca G.B Shaw.)

6) Graphic / grfik/ (adjective)
= Written or told in a clear, lifelike manner; vivid
(c vit hoc c k mt cch r rng, sinh ng )
Ex: The reporters graphic description made us feel that we were present at the scene.
(S miu t sinh ng ca ngi bo co lm cho chng ti cm thy nh ang hin din ti hin
trng xy ra.)

7) Graphite / 'grfait/ (noun)
= Soft black carbon used in lead pencils
(Lai than en mm dung lm bt ch [than ch].)
Ex: Lead pencils do not contain lead, but rather a mixture of clay and graphite.
(Bt ch khng c cha ch, m cha mt hn hp ca t st v than graphit [Than ch ].)

Monogram / 'mngrm/ (noun)
= (Literally, one letter ) persons initials interwoven or combined into one design.
(Ngha en: mt ch ) Mu t u ca tn h mt ngi kt hp li thnh mt hoa vn.
Ex: Some of Dads handkerchiefs are embroidered with his monogram.
(Mt vi chic khn tay ca cha ti c thu hoa vn tn h ng.)

9) Monograph / 'mngr:f/ (noun)
= Written account of a single thing or class of things
(Bi chuyn lun, chuyn )
Ex: For his thesis, the student plants to write a monograph on the life of an obscure 19
th
-century
composer.

( lm ln n, anh sinh vin d nh vit mt chuyn lun v cuc i ca mt nh san nhc vn
cn nm trong bng ti th k 19.)

10) Stenographer / st'ngrf/ (noun)
= Person skilled in, or employed to do, stenography (literally, narrow writing ), the art of writing
in shorthand
(Ngi chuyn vit tc k, ngi c thu vit tc k; khoa vit tc k l steno graphy.)
Ex: A court stenographer has to be able to take down more than 250 words a minute.
(Ngi vit tc k cho ta n phi c th ghi chp c hn 250 t trong mt pht.)

11) Typographical / ,taip'grfikl/ (adjective)
= Pertaining to or occurring in typography (literally writing with type ) or printing
(Lin h, thuc v ngh, vic n lat hoc in n.)
Ex: Proofs submitted by the printer should be carefully checked to eliminate typographical errors.
(Bn in th do nh in a n cn phi c sat li cn thn lai b cc li v in n.)


EXPANDING VOCABULARY THROUGH DERIVATIVES
M RNG T VNG QUA CC T DN XUT
I ) Gii thiu:
Gi s bn hc c mt t mi l LITERATE, c ngha l c th c v vit, c hc
thc. Nu nh bn bit cch lm th no cu to cc t dn xut, th thc t bn khng phi ch
bit mt t m bit nhiu t: Bn bit LITERATE, ILLITERATE v SEMILITERATE;
LITERATELY; ILLITERATELY v SEMILITERATELY; LITERACY, ILLITERACY v
SEMILITERACY,
n v bi hc ny s gip bn m rng vn t vng bng cch dy bn lm th no cu
to v vit ng chnh t cc t dn xut derivative.

I I ) Th no l mt t dn xut?
T dn xut l mt t c hnh thnh bng cch gn thm mt tin t (prefix) hoc mt hu
t (suffix) hoc c tin t ln hu t vo mt t hoc mt t cn (root).
PREFIX
WORD/
ROOT
SUFFIX DERIVATIVE
Prefix
only
With-
(back)
Hold = Withhold
(Hold back = gi li)
In-
(in)
Flux
(flow)
= Influx
(inflow = chy vo )
Suffix
only
Literate
(educated)
-ly
(manner)
= Literately
(in an educated manner = mt cch

c gio dc)
Leg
(read)
-ible = Legible
(able to be read = c th c c
)
Both
Prefix
and
Suffix
Semi-
(half partly)
Literate -ly = Semiliterately
(in a partly educated manner = c
hc thc cht t )
Il-
(not)
Leg -ible = Illegible
(not able to be read = khng th
c c, kh c )

I I I ) Cc thut ng c s dng trong n v ny:
T dn xut c th l mt danh t, mt tnh t, ng t hoc mt trng t.
Danh t l t ch mt ngi, mt ni chn, mt vt hoc mt phm cht. Ttrong nhng cu
sau y, tt c t in nghing u l danh t:
- The enthusiastic student very quickly read the partially finished composition to the amused
class.
(Anh sinh vin nhit tnh c mt cch nhanh chng bi lun mi han thnh mt phn cho lp
hc ang cm thy thch th nghe.)
- Knowledgeis power
(Tri thc l sc mnh )
Tnh t l mt t din t c tnh mt danh t. Nhng t trong cu s 1 sau y l tnh t:
enthusiastic nhit tnh; finished han thnh; amused cm thy thch th.
ng t l mt t din t hnh ng hoc mt trng thi. Cc ng t ca cc cu trn l:
read v is.
Trng t l mt t b tc cho ng t, tnh t hoc cho mt trng t khc. Trong cu 1
trn: quickly l trng t v n b ngha cho ng t read; partially l trng t v n b ngha
cho tnh t finished; v very l trng t v n b ngha cho trng t quickly.
Nguyn m (vowels) l cc mu t a, e, i, o v u
Ph m (consonants) l tt c cc mu t khc cn li trong bn mu t.
I V) Cu to t dn xut bng cch thm vo tip u ng v tip v ng.
1. Thm vo tip v ng (Prefixes = tip u ng = tin t ):
Khi bn thm tip u ng MIS vo t SPELLED th t mi c mt ch -s hay hai ch -s?
gip vo vic gii quyt vn kh khn nh vy, bn hy hc tp quy lut sau y:
QUY LUT: Ch nn thm hay bt mt mu t no khi thm mt tip u ng vo mt t. Hy gi
nguyn tt c mu t ca tip u ng v tt c cc mu t ca t.

V d:
Mis + spelled = misspelled (sai chnh t )
Mis + informed = misinformed (thng bo sai )

Exercise I: In column III, write the derivative formed by attaching the prefix to the
word.

PREFIX WORD DERIVATIVE
1. Over Ripe = erripe
(qu chn) Ov
2. Dis Integrate = Disintegrate
(lm phn r )
3. Un Necessary = Unnecessary
(khng cn thit )

4. Anti Aircraft = Antiaircraft
(Phng khng, chng phi c )
5. In Audible = Inaudible
(khng th nghe c )
6. Under Rated = Underrated
(c nh gi thp )
7. Fore Seen = Foreseen
(c an trc )
8. Extra Ordinary = Extraordinary
(bt thng )
9. Un Noticed = Unnoticed
(khng c ch n, b qun )
10. With Held = Withheld
(c gi li )
11. E Migrate = Emigrate
(di c n mt ni khc )
12. Mis Spent = Misspent
(lng ph )
13. Over Estimated = Overestimated
(c nh gi cao )
14. Dis Interred = Disinterred
(c khai qut ln )
15. Semi Circle = Semicircle
(na vng trn, hnh bn nguyt )
16. Un Nerve = Unnerve
(lm nn lng, nn ch )
17. Pre Existence = Preexistence
(tin kip )
18. Dis Solution = Dissolution
(s ha tan, s gii tn )
19. Extra

Curricular = Extracurricular
(ngai kha )
20. Un Navigable = Unnavigable
(Khng th lu thng c )
21. Over Run = Overrun
(vt qu, chy trn lan )
22. In Appropriate = Inappropriate
(khng thch hp )
23. Semi Autonomous = Semiautonomous
(bn t tr )

24. Dis Satisfied = Dissatisfied
(bt mn )
25. Un Abridged = Unabridged
(khng rt ngn li )
DERIVATIVE
= Overripe
(qu chn)
= Disintegrate
(lm phn r )
= Unnecessary
(khng cn thit )
= Antiaircraft
(Phng khng, chng phi c )
= Inaudible
(khng th nghe c )
= Underrated
(c nh gi thp )
= Foreseen
(c an trc )
= Extraordinary
(bt thng )
= Unnoticed (khng c ch n,
b qun )
= Withheld
(c gi li )
= Emigrate
(di c n mt ni khc )
= Misspent
(lng ph )
= Overestimated
(c nh gi cao )
= Disinterred
(c khai qut ln )
= Semicircle
(na vng trn, hnh bn nguyt )
= Unnerve
(lm nn lng, nn ch )
= Preexistence
(tin kip )
= Dissolution
(s ha tan, s gii tn )
= Extracurricular
(ngai kha )
= Unnavigable
(Khng th lu thng c )


EXPANDING VOCABULARY THROUGH DERIVATIVES
(Continued)
IV) Cu to t dn xut bng cch thm vo tip u ng v tip v ng:
2) Thm vo tip u ng IN- :
i khi, ch N trong tip u ng IN i thnh mt mu t khc. r khi no hin tng ny xy
ra, bn hy nghin cu quy lun sau y:
QUY LUT:
* Trc L, tin t (tip u ng ) IN bin thnh IL nh ILLEGAL (bt hp php ); ILLITERATE
(khng c hc thc )
* Trc M hoc P, tin t IN bin thnh IM chng hn nh IMMATURE (cha chn, cn non);
IMPURE (khng tinh khit ); etc.
= Overrun
(vt qu, chy trn lan )
= Inappropriate
(khng thch hp )
= Semiautonomous
(bn t tr )
= Dissatisfied
(bt mn )
= Unabridged
(khng rt ngn li )

* Trc R, tin t IN bin thnh IR nh IRRATIONAL (phi l ; IRREGULAR (khng u n
); etc.

Exercise 2: Make the word in column I I negative by attaching in, il, im, or ir in column I . Then
write the complete negative word in column I I I , (The first line has been done for you as an
example.)
NEGATIVE PREFIX WORD NEGATIVE WORD
1. In Gratitude Ingratitude
= S vong n bi ngha
2. Im Patiently Impatiently
=Mt cch thiu kin nhn, st
rut
3. Ir Responsible Irresponsible
= V trch nhim
4. In Equitable Inequitable
= Khng cng bng
5. Im Moderate Immoderate
= Khng iu , thi qu
6. Il Literacy Illiteracy
= S v hc thc, tnh trng
dt nt
1. Ir Replaceable Irreplaceable
=Khng th thay th c
2. In Consistently Inconsistently
=Mt cch khng nht qun
3. Im Personal Impersonal
=V nhn xng; khng c tnh
cch c nhn
4. Il Legible Illegible
= Khng c c
5. Im Plausible Implausible
= Phi l
6. In Articulate Inarticulate
= Khng din t r rng
7. Im Material Immaterial
= Khng c tnh cch vt cht
8. Ir Reversible Irreversible
= Khng th vn hi li
9. In Security Insecurity
=Khng an tan
10. Il Liberal Illiberal
= Khng t do
11. Im Perceptibly Imperceptibly
=Khng th nhn ra, tri gic
12. In Flexible Inflexible
= Khng linh ng
13. Im Moral Immoral
= V o c, khng c o
c
14. Ir Relevant Irrelevant
=Khng lin h

Back to top
NEGATIVE PREFIX
1. In
2. Im
3. Ir
4. In
5. Im
6. Il
7. Ir
8. In
9. Im
10. Il
11. Im
12. In
13. Im
14. Ir
15. In
16. Il
17. Im
18. In
19. Im
20. Ir

NEGATIVE WORD
Ingratitude
= S vong n bi ngha
Impatiently
=Mt cch thiu kin nhn, st
rut
Irresponsible
= V trch nhim
Inequitable
= Khng cng bng
Immoderate
= Khng iu , thi qu
Illiteracy
= S v hc thc, tnh trng
dt nt
Irreplaceable
=Khng th thay th c
Inconsistently
=Mt cch khng nht qun
Impersonal
=V nhn xng; khng c tnh
cch c nhn
Illegible
= Khng c c
Implausible

= Phi l
Inarticulate
= Khng din t r rng
Immaterial
= Khng c tnh cch vt cht
Irreversible
= Khng th vn hi li
Insecurity
=Khng an tan
Illiberal
= Khng t do
Imperceptibly
=Khng th nhn ra, tri gic
Inflexible
= Khng linh ng
Immoral
= V o c, khng c o
c
Irrelevant
=Khng lin h

3) Thm vo tip v ng (hu t ):
iu g xy ra khi bn thm tip v ng -NESS vo t STUBBORN? T mi hnh thnh c mt mu
t N hay hai? Nhng cu hi lai ny s khng bao gi lm cho bn bi ri na mt khi bn hc quy
lut n gin di ny:
QUY LUT: Bn ch b, ch thm vo hoc ch thay i mt mu t khi thm vo mt tip v
ng - tr phi t c thm vo tn cng bng Y hoc E cm. Hy gi nguyn tt c mu t ca t v
tt c mu t ca tip v ng. Bn di l cc v d cho cc trng hp thng thng [Xem phn 4
v 5 thy cc v d cho trng hp c bit ]:
Word Suffix Derivative
Stubborn ness Stubbornness (S cng u, ngoan c )
Conscious ness Consciousness ( thc )
Punctual ly Punctually (Mt cch ng gi )
Anonymous ly Anonymously (Mt cch v danh )
Disagree able Disagreeable (Khng d chu )

Exercise 3: Fill in column I I I :
WORD SUFFIX DERIVATIVE
1. Govern Ment = Government
(Chnh ph )
2. Tail Less =Tailless
(Khng c ui )
3. Synonym Ous = Synonymous
(ng ngha )
4. Radio Ed = Radioed
(c pht tuyn )
5. Unilateral Ly = Unilaterally
(n phng )
6. Embarrass Ment = Embarrassment
(S bi ri )
7. Sudden Ness = Suddenness
(S bt cht )

8. Room Mate = Roommate
(Bn cng phng )
9. Sky Er = Skier
(Ngi trt tuyt )
10. Foresee Able =Foreseeable
(C th nhn thy trc c
)

DERIVATIVE
= Government
(Chnh ph )
=Tailless
(Khng c ui )
= Synonymous
(ng ngha )
= Radioed
(c pht tuyn )
= Unilaterally
(n phng )
= Embarrassment
(S bi ri )
= Suddenness
(S bt cht )
= Roommate
(Bn cng phng )
= Skier
(Ngi trt tuyt )
=Foreseeable
(C th nhn thy trc c
)


IV) Cu to t dn xut bng cch thm vo tip u ng v tip v ng:
4) Thm tip v ng vo cc t tn cng bng Y :
Mu t tn cng bng Y c th gy ra kh khn. i khi n tr thnh i; i khi n chng i g
c. bit lm th no i vi t c mu tn cng l Y, bn hy hc cc quy lut hu ch sau y:
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4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; background:yellow">
QUY LUT I: Nu mu t Y l mt ph m, bn hy i Y -> I trc khi thm tip v ng vo.
Comply -ed Complied
Sturdy -est Sturdiest
Costly -ness Costliness
Ordinary -ly ordinarily

4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; background:#92D050">
NGAI L A: Ngai tr trc ing:
Comply + -ing = Complying
NGAI L B: Bn h c cc ngai l sau:
Dry + -ly/-ness = Dryly/ Dryness
Shy + -ness = Shyness
Baby + -ish = Babyish
Lady + -like = Ladylike

QUY LUT II: Nu mu t trc Y l mt nguyn m, khng thay i Y trc khi thm vo mt
tip v ng.
Destroy -ed Destroyed
Play -ful Playful
NGAI L:
Lay -> Laid
Pay -> Paid
Say -> Said
V cc t kp ca chng nh: mislaid, underpaid, unsaid, etc.
Day -> Daily

Exercise 4: In column III write the derivatives. Watch your spelling.


1. Decay

-ed = Decayed
(H thi, mc nt )
2. Fancy -ful = Fanciful
(Hay thay i, bt thng )
3. Stealthy

-ly = Stealthily
(Mt cch ln lt b mt )
4. Foolhardy

-ness = Foolhardiness
(S di dt, ngu si)
5. Magnify -ing = Magnifying
(Phng i )
6. Plucky -est = Pluckiest
(Can m, liu lnh nht )
7. Defy -ance = Defiance
(S khiu khch, thch thc )
8. Overpay -ed = Overpaid
(Tr qu gi )
9. Accompany -ment = Accompaniment
(S thp tng, i theo )
10. Costly -ness = Costliness
(S t gi )
1. Ceremony -ous = Ceremonious
(Theo nghi l )
2. Deny -al = Denial
(S t chi )
3. Momentary -ly = Momentarily
(Mt cch chc lt, thang qua
)
4. Crafty -er = Craftier
(Mu m hn, qu quyt hn
)
5. Display -ed = Displayed
(c by ra, ph ra )
6. Bury -al = Burial
(Vic mai tng )
7. Shy -ly = Shyly

(Mt cch e l )
8. Oversupply -ing = Oversupplying
(Cung cp qu mc )
9. Harmony -ous = Harmonious
(Hi ha )
10. Disqualify -ed = Disqualified
(Khng t cch )

DERIVATIVE
= Decayed
(H thi, mc nt )
= Fanciful (Hay thay i, bt
thng )
= Stealthily(Mt cch ln lt
b mt )
= Foolhardiness(S di dt,
ngu si)
= Magnifying
(Phng i )
= Defiance
(S khiu khch, thch thc )
= Overpaid
(Tr qu gi )
= Accompaniment
(S thp tng, i theo )
= Costliness
(S t gi )
= Ceremonious
(Theo nghi l )
= Denial
(S t chi )
= Momentarily
(Mt cch chc lt, thang qua
)

= Craftier
(Mu m hn, qu quyt hn
)
= Displayed
(c by ra, ph ra )
= Burial
(Vic mai tng )
= Shyly
(Mt cch e l )
= Oversupplying
(Cung cp qu mc )
= Harmonious
(Hi ha )
= Disqualified
(Khng t cch )

Exercise 5: Four derivatives have been omitted from each line except the first. Complete each of the
other lines so that it will correspond to the first.
ADJECTIVE
ADJECTIVE
ENDING IN
ER
ADJECTIVE
ENDING IN
EST
ADVERB
ENDING IN
LY
NOUN
ENDING IN
NESS
1. Clumsy
(Vng v)
Clumsier Clumsiest Clumsily Clumsiness
2. Noisy
(n o )
Noisier Noisiest Noisily Noisiness
3. Sturdy
(Mnh m, cng trng )
Sturdier Sturdiest Sturdily Sturdiness
4. Uneasy
(Lo lng khng yn,
khng cm thy d chu )
Uneasier Uneasiest Uneasily Uneasiness
5. Greedy
(Tham lam )
Greedier Greediest Greedily Greediness
6. Flimsy
(Nh v mng )

Flimsier Flimsiest Flimsily Flimsiness
7. Weary Wearier Weariest Wearily Weariness

(Mt mi, gy chn nn )
1. Hearty
(Nng m, nhit tnh )
Heartier Heartiest Heartily Heartiness
2. Wary
(Cnh gic, cn thn )
Warier Wariest Warily Wariness
3. Unhappy
(Khng sung sng, khng
hnh phc )
Unhappier Unhappiest Unhappily Unhappiness

5) Thm tip v ng vo t tn cng bng E cm:
Khi bn thm mt tip v ng vo mt t tn cng bng E cm iu g s xy ra i vi mu E? N
c gi li hay b i? Sau y l cc quy lut:
QUY LUT I: B E cm i nu tip v ng bt u bng mt nguyn m.
Blame -able Blamable
Secure -ity Security
Innovate -or Innovator
NGAI L A: Nu t tn cng bng CE hoc GE v tip v ng bt u bng A hoc O, bn hy
gi nguyn E.
Service + -able = Serviceable
Courage + -ous = Courageous
NGAI L B: Bn hy hc cc ngai l c bit sau:
Acre: Din tch o bng acre (mu ) Anh [1 mu = 0,4 hecta]
Mileage: S mile i c
Singeing: Chy xm
Canoeing: i xung, bi xung
Hoeing: Cuc
Shoeing: Bt mng, ng mng nga.

QUY LUT II: Gi nguyn E cm nu nh tip v ng bt u bng mt ph m.
Hope -ful Hopeful
Profuse -ly Profusely
Postpone -ment Postponement
NGAI L:
Acknowledgment: S bo nhn, s ghi n
Judgment: kin, phn quyt
Argument: Lp lun
Awful: Kinh khng
Duly: ng lc, thch hp
Truly: Tht, thnh tht
Wholly: Tan th, tan din
Ninth: Th chn


11. ANT, ANTI: against, opposite

1) Antagonist / n'tgnist/ (noun)
= 1. One who is against, or contends with, another in a struggle, fight, or contest; opponent;
adversary; foe
(Ngi i u vi k khc trong mt cuc chin u, nh nhau hoc mt cuc d tranh; i
th; ch th; k th )
Ex: Great Britain was our antagonist in the War of 1812.
(Nc Anh l i th ca chng ta trong cuc chin 1812.)
= 2. Main opponent of the principal character in a play, novel, or story [T tri ngha: Protagonist
= ng minh]
(i th chnh ca nhn vt chnh trong mt v kch, tiu thuyt, hoc mt cu chuyn )
Ex: Brutus is the main character in William Shakespears JULIUS CAESAR, and Antony is his
antagonist.
(Brutus l nhn vt chnh trong v kch Julius Caesar ca William Shakespear v Antony l i
th ca ng ta.)

2) Antibiotic / ,ntibai'tik/ (adjective, noun)
= substance obtained from tiny living organisms that works against harmful bacteria
(Cht ly t c th ca mt sinh vt hat ng chng li vi trng: cht khng sinh)

Ex: The antibiotic penicillin stops the growth of bacteria causing pneumonia, tonsillitis, and
certain other diseases.
(Khng sinh Penicillin chn ng s pht trin ca vi trng gy ra bnh sng phi, sng yt hu,
v mt s bnh khc.)

3) Antibody / 'ntibdi/ (noun)
= Substance in the blood or tissues that works against germs or poisons produced by germs
(Cht trong mu hoc trong m t bo chng li vi trng hoc cht c do vi trng gy ra: khng
th )
Ex: When the body is invaded by foreign agents, such as bacteria or viruses, the antibodies go to
work against them.
(Khi c th b xm nhp bi cc tc nhn xa l chng hn nh vi trng hoc siu vi trng, cc
khng th tin n chng li chng.)

4) Antidote / 'ntidout/ (noun)
= Remedy that acts against the effects of a poison
(Liu thuc chng li cht c )
Ex: By telephone, the physician prescribed the exact antidote to be given immediately to the
poison victim.
(Qua in thai, bc s ra mt liu thuc chng c dc chnh xc p dng lin cho nn
nhn b ng c.)

5) Antihistamine / ,nti'histmi:n/ (noun)
= Drug used against certain allergies and cold symptoms
(Thuc chng d ng v cc triu chng cm lnh; cht khng sinh histamine.)
Ex: The antihistamine prescribed for my cold was not too effective.
(Cht khng sinh histamine m bc s cho chng li cn lnh ca ti th khng hu hiu
lm.)

6) Antipathy / n'tipi/ (noun)
= Feeling against; distaste; repugnance; dislike; enmity
(c cm; khng a; gh tm; ght; th ght )
Ex: A few of the neighbors have an antipathy to dogs, but most are fond of them.
(Mt vi ngi lng ging c cm vi ch, nhng phn ng th thch.)

7) Antiseptic / ,nti'septik/ (adjective, noun)
= (Literally, against decaying ) substance that prevents infection
(Ngha en: Chng li s phn hy ) cht chng nhim trng, cht st trng
Ex: The wound was carefully washed; then an antiseptic, tincture of iodine, was applied.
(Vt thng c ra cn thn ri bi thuc st trng, tentuya idot, vo.)

Antitoxin / ,nti'tksin/ (noun)
= Substance formed in the body as the result of the introduction of a toxin (poison) and capable
of acting against that toxin
(Cht hnh thnh trong c th khi c s t nhp ca cht c vo, v c th chng li cht c
y: khng c t )
Ex: We are injected with diphtheria antitoxin produced in horses because the antitoxin
manufactured by our bodies may not be enough to prevent diphtheria.
(Chng ti c tim cht khng c t chng bnh sng c hng sn sinh trong c th lai
nga bi v cht khng c t m c th chng ti sn xut ra c th khng chn ng
bnh sng c hng (bnh bch hu.)

9) Antonym / 'ntnim/ (noun) [T tri ngha: synonym]

= Word meaning the opposite of another word; opposite
(T phn ngha; t i lp li )
Ex: Temporary is the antonym of permanent
(Tm thi l t phn ngha ca Vnh Cu .)


6. THM VO HU T LY
Quy Lut: i mt tnh t sang mt trng t, bn hy thm ly vo.
ADJECTIVE SUFFIX ADVERB
Close -ly Closely
Firm -ly Firmly
Usual -ly Usually
Ngai L A: Nu tnh t tn cng bng Y, bn hy nh i thnh I trc khi thm ly vo.
Vd: Easy + -ly = Easily
Ngai L B: Nu tnh t tn cng l IC, bn hy nh thm AL trc ri mi thm LY.
Vd: Tragic + al + ly = Tragically
Heroic + al + ly = Heroically
Ngai L C: Nu tnh t tn cng l BLE, bn ch cn i LE thnh LY
AJECTIVE ADVERB
Able Ably = nng lc
Noble Nobly = Mt cch cao qu
Inevitable Inevitably = Mt cch khng th trnh khi.

Exercise 7: Change the following adjectives into adverbs.
ADJECTIVE ADVERB
Overwhelming Overwhelmingly
= Mt cch p o, trn ngp
Normal Normally
= Mt cch bnh thng
Interscholastic Interscholastically
= Lin trng, gia cc trng
Mutual Mutually
= Ln nhau

Amicable Amicably
= Mt cch thn i
Conspicuous Conspicuously
= Ni bt, p ngay vo mt

Economic Economically
= Mt cch tit kim
Outspoken Outspokenly
= Mt cch cng khai thng thn ni ra, trc
tnh
Graphic Graphically
= Mt cch sinh ng
Incontrovertible Incontrovertibly
= Khng th tranh ci, tranh lun c
Punctual Punctually
= ng gi
Exclusive Exclusively
= Dnh ring cho, mt cch c quyn
Unwary Unwarily
= Mt cch kinh sut
Chronic Chronically
= Thng xuyn, mn tnh, kinh nin
Synthetic Synthetically
= Mt cch tng hp
Intermittent Intermittently
= Mt cch khng lien tc, gin an
Manual Manually
= Bng tay
Heavy Heavily
= Mt cch nng n
Infallible Infallibly
= Mt cch khng th sai lm
Frantic Frantically
= in cung, mnh lit

7. GP I PH M CUI TRC KHI THM HU T (TIP V NG)
Ti sao R trong t DEFER gp i khi thm ed vo trong khi R trong DIFFER th khng?
Ti sao N trong PLAN gp i PLANNING trc khi thm ING, trong khi N trong BURN th
khng gp i BURNING?
gii quyt vn ny, bn hy xem li hai quy lut v gp i ph m cui sau y.
Quy Lut 1: Trong t c mt vn, bn hy gp i ph m cui trc khi them vo tip v ng bt
u bng nguyn m.
WORD SUFFIXES DERIVATIVES
Plan -ing/ -er Planning, planner
Stop -ed/ -age Stopped, stoppage
Big -ger/ -est Bigger, biggest
Ngai L A: Nu trc ph m cui l hai nguyn m, bn ng gp i ph m.
Fail -ed/ -ing Failed, failing
Stoop -ed/ -ing Stooped, stooping
Ngai L B: Nu ph m cui i ngay theo sau mt ph m trc , bn ng gp i ph m.
Warm -er/ -est Warmer, warmest
Last -ed/ -ing Lasted, lasting
Quy Lut 2: Trong mt t c hai vn tr ln, bn ch gp i ph m cui khi n nm trong mt vn
c nhn mnh trc mt tip v ng bt u bng mt nguyn m.
deFER -ed/ -ing/ -al Deferred, deferring, deferral
resubMIT -ed/ -ing Resubmitted, resubmitting
Bn hy ch cn thn rng quy nh ny khng p dng nu ph m cui nm trong mt vn khng
c nhn mnh
DIFfer -ed/ -ing/ -ent Differed, differing, different
BENefit -ed/ -ing Benefited, benefiting

Ngai L A: Quy lut ny (quy lut 2) khng p dng nu ph m cui i lin sau hai nguyn m.
obTAIN -ed/ -ing Obtained, obtaining
conCEAL -ed/ -ing Concealed, concealing
Ngai L B: Quy lut ny khng p dng nu nh ph m cui i sau ngay mi ph m khc
abDUCT -ed/ -ing/ -or Abducted, abducting, abductor
comMEND -ed/ -ing/ -able Commended, commending,
commendable

Ngai L C: Quy lut ny khng p dng khi du nhn di chuyn v pha trc . (Tc l ban u
th du nhn m tit cui cng nhng sau khi thm hu t vo, ch mi thnh lp c vn nhn di
chuynn v pha trc ch khng cn nhn m tit cui na.)
conFER -ence CONference
preFER -ence PREFerence
reFER -ence REFerence
4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; background:#319F29">
Tuy nhin, trong ngai l ny li c thm mt ngai l na l ch excellence:
exCEL + -ence = EXcellence

Exercise 9: Write the derivatives in column III, paying careful attention to the spelling
Concur
(ng vi, cng xy ra)
-ing Concurring
Entail (Dn n tt yu, mang n
)
-ed Entailed
Abhor (Kinh ght ) -ent Abhorring
Flat
(Bng phng )
-er Flatter
Retract
(Rt li, co li )
-able Retractable
Refer
(Tham chin, tham kho )
-able Referable
Dispel
(Xua tan )
-ed Dispelled
Deter
(Ngn cn, lm nht ch )
-ent Deterrent
Ungag
(Ly go ra khi ming )
-ed Ungagged
Drum
(nh trng )
-er Drummer
Elicit
(Khi ra, gi ra )
-ing Eliciting
Imperil
(a vo tnh trng nguy him )
-ed Imperiling
Absorb
(Ht vo, ht )
-ent Absorbent
Defer
(Han li, nh li )
-ence Deference
Propel
(y ti )
-ant Propellant
Inter
(Mai tng )
-ing Interring
Append
(Thm vo )
-age Appendage

Covet
(Thm thung, thm mun )
-ous Covetous
Discredit
(Nghi ng, khng tin tng )
-ed Discredited
Adapt
(Phng theo, thch nghi vi )
-able Adaptable
Cower
(Co, thu mnh li )
-ing Cowering
Disinter
(Khai qut, o m )
-ed Disinterred
Pilfer
(n cp vt )
-er Pilferer
Slim
(Mnh khnh )
-est Slimmest
Excel
(Vt hn, xut sc hn )
-ent Excellent

DERIVATIVE
Concurring
Entailed
Abhorring
Flatter
Retractable
Referable
Dispelled
Deterrent
Ungagged
Drummer
Eliciting
Imperiling
Absorbent
Deference
Propellant
Interring
Appendage
Covetous
Discredited
Adaptable
Cowering
Disinterred
Pilferer
Slimmest
Excellent

8. Cc tip v ng rc ri:
Ti sao DISPENSABLE tn cng bng able nhng SENSIBLE li tn cng bng -ible?
Ti sao FOREIGNER tn cng bng er nhng DEBTOR li tn cng bng or? Tht l
ng bun v chng c nhng quy lut gin d no hng dn bn trong nhng vn ny. Bn s
phi hc tng t mt vi tip v ng rc ri v phi tra t in khi cm thy nghi ng.

Vy hy xem qua nhng iu sau y s t ra hu ch cho bn.
1) Thm able hoc ible: Bn hy nghin cu cc tnh t sau y:
ABLE IBLE
Amiable = Kh i Accessible = C th tip cn
Changeable = C th thay i Credible = C th tin cy
Equitable = Cng bng Fallible = C th sai lm
Formidable = D di, c lit Flexible = Linh ng
Hospitable = Hiu khch Illegible = Khng c c
Impregnable = Khng th chim c Incompatible = Khng tng hp, khng
tng thch
Indomitable = Khng th ch ng c Incontrovertible = Khng th tranh ci c
Lovable = D thng Invincible = V ch, khng th b nh bi.
Noticeable = C th ghi nhn c Visible = C th thy c
Unquenchable = Khng th dp tt c Reversible = C th hy b.

Lu : Tnh t tn cng bng able i thnh danh t th tn cng l ability. Ngc li, tnh
t tn cng l ible, chuyn thnh danh t s tn cng l ibility.
ADJECTIVE NOUN
Incapable Incapability
Pliable Pliability
Audible Audibility
Resistible Resistibility

2) Thm vo tip v ng c ngha Ngi m hoc Ci m : -er, -or, -ent hoc ant: Bn
hy nghin cu cc danh t sau y:
ER OR ENT ANT
Abstainer Aggressor Adherent Assistant
Abuser Benefactor Antecedent Consultant
Commuter Bisector Belligerent Contestant
Contender Collaborator Correspondent Defendant
Dispenser Duplicator Current Deodorant
Retainer Exhibitor Dependent Immigrant
Typographer Interceptor Insurgent Inhabitant
Under-seller Precursor Opponent Participant
Withholder Reflector Precedent Pendant
Wrangler Transgressor Proponent Tenant

3) Thm vo ant hoc ent: Hy nghin cu cc tnh t sau:
ANT ENT
Defiant Adjacent
Discordant Affluent
Dormant Coherent
Extravagant Decadent
Hesitant Fluent
Ignorant Imminent
Incessant Latent
Irrelevant Negligent
Reliant Permanent
Vigilant Vehement

Lu : Nhng tnh t tn cng l ant tr thnh danh t tn cng bng ance hoc ancy.
Tng t tnh t tn cng l ent tr thnh danh t tn cng bng ence hoc ency.
ADJECTIVE NOUN
Defiant Defiance
Dormant Dormancy
Fluent Fluency
Hesitant Hesitancy
Permanent Permanence/ Permanency


QUAN H CA T V QUAN H LAI SUY CA T
(Word Relationships and Word Analogies)
I) QUAN H CA T
ROBIN: BIRD (Chim Cho Mo: Chim)
C quan h g gia ROBIN v BIRD? R rang mt con CHIM CHO MO l mt
con CHIM. Chim S, chim G Kin, Qu, chim Hi u, B Cu, Chch Che xanh,
cng u l chim.
R rng CHIM l mt phm tr rng m CHIM CHO MO l mt thnh vin.
Nu chng ta gi CHO MO l t A v CHIM l t B th chng ta c th din t
mi quan h gia CHIM CHO MO: CHIM bng cch ni rng: A l mt thnh vin
ca B
Sau y l mt s cp t c trnh by gii thch mi quan h trong mi cp. Cng nh trng
hp trn, chng ta gi t u tin l A v t th nh l B.
MINE: COAL (M: Than)
M l ngun m chng ta c th ly c nguyn liu THAN. din t mi quan
h M: THAN chng ta c th ni A l ngun ca B
SPADE: DIGGING (Mai: o )
MAI l mt lai xung dung o t. Mi quan h y l A c dung cho B.
TEMPERATURE: THERMOMETER (Nhit : Nhit k )
NHIT c o bng NHIT K. Mi quan h trong cp t ny l A c o bng
B
MEEK: SUBMIT (Nhu thun: Tun phc )

Ngi m NHU THUN (thun theo m khng cm hn khi c bo, c ra lnh ) th
thng l s TUN PHC. Chng ta c th din t mi quan h ny nh sau: Mt
ngi c c tnh A th s c hnh ng B
Ni tm li, bi ny ngi ta a ra mt cch hc t cho d nh bng cch thit lp mi quan
h gia mt t v mt t khc. Mt s v d khc v hc t bng cch thit lp mi quan h gia cc
t vi nhau:

CP T MI QUAN H
PAUPER: MEANS
NGI BN CNG: TIN BC
A thiu B
FOUNDATION: EDIFICE
NN MNG: TA NH
A chng B
WATCHMAN: THEFT
NGI GC DAN: TRM CP
A canh chng chng li B
BLINDFOL: VISION
BT BT: TH LC
A cn tr B
LITERATE: READ
BIT CH: C
Ngi c c tnh A th c
ILLNESS: ABSENCE
BNH: VNG MT
A c th gy ra B
SEIZING: TAKING
CHP LY: NM LY
A l mt hnh thc thnh lnh v mnh m ca
B
GREGARIOUS: COMPANY
HAY KT AN: BN B
Ngi c c tnh A th thch B
PEBBLE: STONE
CUI: TNG
A nh hn B
PAINTER: EASEL
HA S: GI V
A dung B trong vic ca mnh

II) CU HI V QUAN H LAI SUY T:
Cho n y, chng ta ch mi cp mi quan h gia cc t n l. Tuy nhin cu hi
v lai suy t trc nghim kh nng ca bn c th nhn thy mi lin h gia cc cp t. Trong
cu hi lai suy t in hnh, bn c cho mt cp t v bn c yu cu tm ra mt cp t
khc c cng mt mi quan h vi cp t cho.

Cu Hi Lai Suy in Hnh:
Ch dn: Trong khang trng bn tri, bn hy in vo mu t ch mt cp t c
quan h ln nhau ging y nh l mi quan h ca nhng t in hoa lien h vi nhau
_____ PREFACE: INDEX (Li ni u: Mc lc phn tch )
(A)Tool: drill (Cng c: Khoan)
(B) Departure: trip (Khi hnh: chuyn i)
(C) Famine: Drought (Nn i: Cn hn hn )
(D) Appetizer: Dessert (Mn khai v: mn trng ming )
(E) Water: Well (Nc: ging )
Li gii: u tin phi tm ra mi lin h gia cp t ch in hoa: PREFACE = Li
ni u l phn m u mt cun sch; INDEX = Mc lc phn tch l phn cui cng ca
mt cun sch. => Mi quan h y l: A m u ci m B kt thc.
Bc tip theo l phn tch nm gii p c a ra xem gii p no c cng
mt mi quan h nh: LI NI U: MC LC PHN TCH. Bi v: MN KHAI V
m u cho ba n v MN TRNG MING kt thc cho ba n => Gii php ng
chnh l D.
V d minh ha cho dng cu hi lai suy in hnh:
Exercise 1: Select the lettered pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that
expressed in the capitalized pair. Write the letter A, B, C, D or E in the blank space.
1. NEEDLE: STITCH
a. Shears: prune
b. Rake: mow
c. Spade: level
d. Stake: bush
e. Wrench: soak

2. FATHOM: DEPTH
a. Calorie: temperature
b. Search: treasure
c. Minute: time
d. Dive: surface
e. Base: height

3. DAM: FLOW
a. Research: information
b. Laws: justice
c. Reporters: news
d. Autocracy: liberty
e. Education:
opportunity

4. FOREST: TIMBER
a. Magnet: filings

b. Art: museum
c. Quarry: stone
d. Clay: earth
e. Zoo: spectators

5. NECT: BOTTLE
a. Bonnet: head
b. Rim: wheel
c. Roof: cellar
d. Metal: leather
e. Chain: link

6. GRAVEL: PIT
a. Oil: well
b. Cement: sand
c. Tunnel: cave
d. Asphalt: road
e. Crest mountain
P N:
1. A -> CY KIM KHU (A) Cy ko ln: ta, xn
2. C -> MT FATHOM: CHIU SU (C) Pht: thi gian
3. D -> P NC: DNG NC (D) Ch c an: t do
4. C -> RNG: G - (C) M :
5. B -> C CHAI: CHAI (B) Ning: bnh xe
6. A -> SI: HM (A) Du m: ging du.

III) PHN TCH NGC LI TRONG QUAN H LAI SUY
i khi bn c th gp phi kh khn xc nh mi lin h chnh xc gia t A v
t B ca mt cp t c cho. Trong nhng trng hp nh vy, iu c th khuyn co
l bn nn phn tch ngc lai t 5 la chn tr li. Kh nng l mt trong cch la
chn y s dn bn n cc mi lin h ca A: B. Bn hy cu xt cu hi sau y:
BANKRUPTCY: PROFI T
(a) Population: housing
(b) Fatigue: effort
(c) Congestion: space
(d) Memory: knowledge
(e) Flood: thaw

Gi s bn ang gp kh khn tm ra mi lin h gia BANKRUPTCY v
PROFIT. Hy th lm ngc li: tm mi quan h ca mi cp t v hy khm ph xem
mi lien h no cng c p dng cho cp t c in hoa. Phng php ny c trnh
by nh sau:
BANKRUPTCY: PROFIT (Ph sn: Li nhun )
(A) Population: Housing (Dn s: Nh ca ): Mi quan h l A cn n B v dn s cn
n nh . Nhng ph sn khng cn n li nhun; mt khi ph sn xy ra th qu mun
cho li nhun tht s hu ch. Do chn A l sai.
(B) Fatigue: Effort (Mt mi: C gng ): Mi quan h l: A pht sinh l do qu nhiu B
(Mt mi pht sinh l do qu nhiu c gng.) V ph sn khng th pht sinh t qu
nhiu li nhun -> Chn B l sai.
(C) Congestion: Space (S cht chi: Khang khng gian ): Mi quan h l A pht xut t
s kin B qu t: Cht chi pht xut t vic qu t khang trng, khng gian.) Ph sn
pht xut t vic c qu t li nhun. Chn C c v ng. Nhng chng ta hy th xem
xt cc la chn cn li.
(D)Memory: Knowledge (K c: Kin thc mi ): Mi quan h l: A cha B (K c cha
ng, tch tr kin thc.) Bi v ph sn khng cha ng, tch tr li nhun -> C l sai.
(E) Flood: Thaw (Lt: Bng tan): Mi quan h l A c th xut pht t B
(Lc c th xut pht t bng tuyt tan ra ) Nhng ph sn khng xut pht t li nhun.
Do chn E l sai.
IV) CU HI LAI SUY A TUYN:
C cu hi lai suy a tuyn m trong bn c cho mt cp t u tin v t th nht ca
cp th nh bng cch chn mt trong s 5 t c cho (a tuyn ). Bi tp sau y gii thiu
cng bn lai cu hi lai suy ny.
Exercises 3: Write the letter of the word that best completes the analogy
1. Justice is to judge as health is to _____
Cng l i vi thm phn th cng nh l sc khe i vi _____
[Bc s].

Correct
Answer
Alternatives Meaning
Lawyer Lut s
Nutrition S dinh dng
Physician Bc S
Disease Bnh
Jury Bi thm an.

2. Dentist is to teeth as dermatologist is to _____
Nha s i vi rng th cng nh bc s da liu i vi _____ [Da].

Correct
Answer
Heart Tri tim
Feet Chn
Eyes Mt
Skin Da
Lungs Phi

3. Quart is to gallon as week is to _____
Quart i vi gallon th cng nh tun l i vi ____ [Thng].
Correct
Answer
Pint n v o lng Anh: 1
pint = 0.58 lt
Year Nm
Liquid Cht lng
Month Thng
Measure o lng
4. Horse is to stable as dog is to _____
Nga vi chung nga th cng nh ch vi _____ [Chung ch].
Correct
Answer
Leash Dy xch
Curb Dy cng
Bone Xng
Muzzle Mm ch
Kennel Chung ch

5. Pear is to potato as peach is to _____ ?!??!??!
Tri l i vi c khoai th cng nh tri o i vi c _____ [C rt]
Correct
Answer
Carrot C c rt
Cucumber Da chut
Nectarine Tri xun o
Melon Da hu
Tomato C chua

6. Composer is to symphony as playwright is to _____
Nh san nhc i vi khc nhc th cng ging nh nh vit kch i
vi _____ [V kch]
Correct
Answer
Essay Bi ngh lun

Cast Din vin
Novel Tiu thuyt
Drama Kch
Copyright Bn quyn
7. Friction is to rubber as repetition is to _____
S c xt i vi cao su th cng ging nh sp lp i lp li i vi
_____ [K nng]
Correct
Answer
Skill K nng
Novelty iu mi m
Literacy S bit ch
Memory K c
Knowledge Kin thc
8. Pond is to lake as asteroid is to _____
Ao i vi h (ao ln ) th cng nh hnh tinh nh i vi ____ [Hnh
tinh]
Correct
Answer
Moon Mt trng
Comet Sao chi
Planet Hnh tinh
Orbit Qu o
Meteor Thin thch

9. Bear is to fur as fish is to _____
Con gu i vi da th th cng ging nh c i vi _____ [Vy]
Correct
Answer
Seaweed Rong bin
Fins Vy
Scales Vy
Water Nc
Gills Mang c
10. Condemn is to criticize as scalding is to _____
Kt n i vi ph bnh th cng nh trng, ra bng _____ [Nc si]
Correct
Answer
Boiling Si ln
Warm Lm nng ln
Freezing Lm ng bng
Combustible D chy
Burning Lm chy

11.Pearl is to oyster as ivory is to _____
Ngc trai i vi con trai th cng nh ng voi i vi _____ [con voi]
Correct
Answer
Piano n Piano
Crocodile Con c su
Tusks Ng voi
Elephant Con voi
Tortoise Con ra

12. Drama is to intermission as conflict is to _____
Xut din v kch i vi khang thi gian ngh gia v kch th
cng ging nh cuc xung t i vi cc lc _____ [Hu chin]
Correct
Answer
Feud Mi th hn
Truce S hu chin
Reconciliation S ha gii
Intervention S can thip
Stage Sn khu
13. War is to hawk as peace is to _____
Chin tranh i vi diu hu th cng nh ha bnh i vi _____ [B
cu]
Correct
Answer
Eagle Chim Phng Hang
Gull Chim Hi u
Dove Chim B Cu
Falcon Chim
Owl Chim C Mo

14. Ballistics is to projectiles as genealogy is to _____
Khoa nghin cu n o i vi phi n th cng ging nh mn hc
v gia ph i vi _____ [Gia ph]
Correct
Answer
Exploration S thm him
Lineage Gia tc, gia ph
Minerals Khang cht
Causes Nguyn nhn
Missiles Phi n, tn la

15. Pistol is to holster as airliner is to _____
Sng lc i vi ti da ng sung th cng nh chic my bay i vi

_____ [Nh my bay.]
Correct
Answer
Fuselage Thn my bay
Hangar Nh cha my bay
Runway Phi o
Fuel Nhin liu
Landing Vic p xung

16. Frugal is to waste as infallible is to _____
Tit kim i vi hoang ph th cng nh khng th sai lm i vi
_____ [Sai lm]
Correct
Answer
Dread S hi
Save Tit kim
Criticize Ph bnh
Prosper Thnh vng
Error Sai lm

17. Toothpaste is to tube as graphite is _____
Kem nh rng i vi ng kem th cng nh than ch i vi _____
[Cy bt ch.]
Correct
Answer
Pencil Cy bt ch
Lead Ch
Coal Than
Cable Dy cp
Tar Hc n

18. State is to traitor as plant is to _____
Quc gia i vi k phn bi t quc th cng ging nh tho mc i
vi _____ [Th, cn trng lm hi cy.]
Correct
Answer
Soil t
Absorption S hp th
Leaf L
Pest Th, cn trng lm hi
cy
Moisture S m t

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