1

Cu 1: Ph ti h thng in l g? Cch xc nh ph ti HT
Tr li
Ph ti ca h thng in l cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn khng yu cu ti
mt im no ca li in in p nh mc (im t hay im u ph ti).
Ph ti in bao gm cng sut yu cu ca cc thit b dng in c cp in t
im u ny v tn tht cng sut trn li in ni im u vi cc thit b dng
in
Ph ti cn ch chung cc h dng in v cc thit b dng in
Cch xc nh ph ti HT: Ph ti l thng s cn thit qui hoch thit k cc
phn t ca h thng in v lp k hoch vn hnh. Bit chnh xc ph ti s
thit k c h thng in ti u, c chi ph sn xut v chi ph phn phi in nh
nht, trong vn hnh s t c chi ph vn hnh nh nht

Xt cc trng hp sau:














Trng hp a: trong tnh ton coi ph ti in l cc h dng in u vo
li 0,4 kV hay ni tt l ph ti 0,4 kV
Trng hp b: trong tnh ton coi ph ti in bao gm ton b li 0,4 v
ph ti ca n
Trng hp c: trong tnh ton coi ph ti in bao gm c MBA phn phi,
li 0,4 kV v ph ti ca li 0,4 kV
Li trung p (10KV) 10/0,4 KV Li h p
10/0,4 KV

ph ti
ph ti
(c)
cc h dng in
(a)
(b)


2

Cu 2: Cng sut ca HT l g? m bo f
HT
v U
HT
lun nm trong di nh
mc cho php th yu cu v mt cng sut ca HT nh th no?
Tr li
Cng sut ca HT l kh nng mang ti ca HT, v l tng cng sut c pht
ra trn HT c xt trong mt khong thi gian nht nh.
m bo f
HT
(f
cp
= f
m
+-0.2) v U
HT
(U
cp
=U
m
=-5%) th cng sut ca HT
phi cn bng vi ph ti HT ti thi im .
Nu S
HT
ln hn nhiu so vi S
ptHT
th f
HT
s tng v in p cui ng dy s
tng cao i vi cc ng dy c t b dc.
Nu ngc l th f
HT
s gim v in p trn cc nt ca HT cng giam.

Cu 3: Ti sao f li mang tnh h thng, cn U li mang tnh cc b
Tr li
iu chnh f l gi cn bng cng sut tc dng
( )
F pt
P P P E = E + A

- Nu
( )
F pt
P P P E < E + A
khi f s gim, gi n nh f th cn phi gim P
pt
tng
f ln f
m

- Nu
( )
F pt
P P P E > E + A
khi f s tng, gi n nh f th cn phi gim P
F
nh sau
gim f xung f
m
:
o Thay i gim NLSC, thay i gim m van thay i gim momen
quay M
q
lm gim tc quay ca tuabin MF dn ti thay i P
F
v f gim
xung
Nh vy f mang tnh cht h thng
iu chnh U l gi cn bng cng sut phn khng
Cng sut ti nt bt k trn li in:
( )
( )

+ o o + =
+ o o + =

+
=
=
+
=
=
1 n
i j
1 j
ij j i ij j i ii ii
2
i i
1 n
i j
1 j
ij j i ij j i ii ii
2
i i
Sin Y U U Sin Y U Q
Cos Y U U Cos Y U P


( )
ij
, ,
i
U f Q o =

i j
o o o =
iu chnh t c n nh tnh nn khng i
ij

khng i
Nn U ca mt nt bt k ch ph thuc ch yu vo Q cp cho nt ngun
- Q c pht ra t ngun ( pht t NM)
- Q c b ti nt bt k
Nh vy U mang tnh cht cc b



3

Cu 4: Hy nu cc nhim v vn hnh HT v cch thc t chc trong vn hnh
HT
Tr li
Nhim v ca vn hnh HT l m bo s lm vic an ton, ti u cc ch tiu
kinh t - k thut, khc phc s c mt cch kp thi m bo v tng tin cy
cung cp in ca HT.
Cch thc t chc vn hnh
Vn hnh c chia thnh hai nhm cng vic c tnh cht khc nhau sau:
a/ Nhm cng vic lin quan trc tip n cc thit b ang vn hnh, n ch lm
vic ca h thng in:
- Theo di v iu chnh ch lm vic ca l hi, p nc, tuabin, my pht,
my bin p, ng dy...
- iu chnh tn s, in p, cng sut pht, khi ng hoc ngng t my, thay i
cu trc vn hnh ca li in...
- X l khi xy ra s c.
- Chun b chng trnh vn hnh.
- Tng kt qu trnh vn hnh.
b/ Nhm cng vic khng lin quan trc tip n ch ca h thng in
- Bo qun nh k.
- Sa cha thit b hng do s c.
- Cung cp nhin liu, vt t.
- Thc hin cc bin php ci to v gim tn tht in nng.
Tng ng vi hai loi cng vic trn l hai t chc ca c quan vn hnh nh sau:
1. H thng iu ph trch cc cng vic trc tip iu chnh vn hnh HT.
2. H thng qun l thc hin cc cng vic nhm.

Cu 5: iu c ngha l g? Ti sao cn phi phn cp iu ?. Phn cp trong
iu HT nh th no?
Tr li
iu h thng in l hot ng ch huy, iu khin qu trnh pht in, truyn
ti in, phn phi in trong h thng in quc gia theo quy trnh, quy phm k
thut v phng thc vn hnh c xc nh.
Ti sao cn phn cp iu
Do tnh cht ca HT c cc nhm cng vic khc nhau do vy cn phn cp iu
d dng qun l v iu khin vn hnh HT v c cc phn ng kp thi hn i vi cc
s thay i bt li trong HT.
Phn cp trong iu HT
H thng in quc gia hot ng c l nh T chc iu h thng. iu h
thng c chia lm 3 cp: Cp iu h thng quc gia, cp iu h thng in
min, cp iu li in phn phi


4

1. Cp iu h thng quc gia:
L cp ch huy iu cao nht ca ton b HT quc gia v c gi tt l A0. A0
c php can thip trc tip hoc gin tip thng cua cc cp di iu khin tt
c cc im trn HT, c bit l cc im quan trng nh NM, TBA khu vc v
cc ng dy 500kV.
2. Cp iu h thng min
L cp ch huy iu h thng in min, chu s ch huy trc tip ca cp iu h
thng in quc gia. Cp iu h thng min do cc Trung tm iu h thng
min m nhim, l:
- iu min Bc Gi tt l A1
- iu min Nam Gi tt l A2
- iu min Trung Gi tt l A3
3. Cp iu li in phn phi
L cp ch huy iu li in phn phi, chu s ch huy trc tip v iu ca
cp iu h thng in min tng ng. Cp iu li in phn phi do cc
trung tm hoc Phng iu ca Cng ty in lc c lp, cc in lc tnh, thnh
ph thuc Cng ty in lc 1, 2 hoc 3 m nhim.



Cu 6: Hy nu quyn iu khin v quyn kim tra ca cc cp iu HT
Tr li

iu quc gia:
1. Quyn iu khin:
- Cc nh my in ln,
- H thng in 500kV
- Tn s h thng
- in p cc nt chnh.
2. Quyn kim tra:
- Cc nh my khng thuc quyn iu khin
- Li in 220kV
- Trm phn phi nh my in ln
- ng dy ni nh my in vi h thng in.
iu min:
1. Quyn iu khin:
- Cc nh my c phn cp theo quy nh ring
- Li in truyn ti 220kV, 110, 66kV
- Cng sut v cng nh my in
- Cc nh my in nh, cc trm diesel, trm b trong min.


5

2. Quyn kim tra:
- Cc trm, ng dy phn phi 110kV- 66kV (quyn iu khin thuc v iu
li phn phi)
- Cc h x dng in quan trng trong li in phn phi.
iu li in phn phi:
1. Quyn iu khin:
- Cc trm ng dy phn phi 110kV- 66kV,
- Li phn phi,
- Cc trm thy in nh, cc trm diesel, trm b trong li in phn phi
2. Quyn kim tra:
- Cc trm, ng dy phn phi (quyn iu khin thuc v khch hng )

Cu 7: Phng thc vn hnh l g? Hy nu nhim v ca b phn phng thc?
S phi hp gia cc b phn phng thc trong cc cp iu nh th no?
Tr li
Phng thc vn hnh HT Quc gia, HT min, li in phn phi l nhim
v, k hoch, phng php vn hnh do cn b phng thc ca cc cp iu
lp v c Lnh o c thm quyn ca cc cp iu hoc Tng cng ty in
lc Vit Nam ph duyt. Phng thc vn hnh bao gm: phng thc ngy, tun,
thng v cc phng thc c bit khc.
Nhim v ca b phn phng thc
ra cc phng thc vn hnh ti u v ph hp vi hin trng ca HT v cc
bin php i ph vi cc thay i v s c c th xy ra khi vn hnh.
S phi hp gia cc b phn phng thc trong cc cp iu
- iu quc gia:
B phn phng thc: Trn c s d bo v nc, d bo ph ti di hn v ngn hn,
cng sut yu cu max v th ph ti, ban phng thc phi d bo nhu cu in
nng thng, qu v nm, sau lm cc cng vic sau:
- Lp k hoch bo qun ti u cc t MP, cc ng dy siu cao p v cao p
trn c s th ph ti max thng v kh nng ca h thng bo qun nh k v cc
iu kin thc t khc sao cho tin cy c m bo v chi ph bo qun min.
- Lp cn bng nng lng nm, qu, thng.
- Lp th ph ti tc dng ngy m.
- Lp s vn hnh li in chnh.
- Tnh phn b ti u cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn khng, tnh mc in
p ti cc nt chnh.
- Tnh n nh, chn v chnh nh cu trc h thng bo v rle v t ng chng
s c.
- Lp ra trnh t iu chnh tn s v in p.
- D kin cc tnh hung s c v trnh t x l.


6

- Lp s s dng ti u ngun nc nh my thu in.
Sau iu quc gia ch nh biu ph ti cho cc nh my in trong h
thng v hiu chnh n trong qu trnh vn hnh.
- iu in lc a phng
B phn phng thc: Trong ch lm vic bnh thng, ban phng thc vn
hnh c nhim v lp cc k hoch thc hin cho thi gian nm, qu, thng, tun
v ngy m nh sau:
1. Lp k hoch cu trc vn hnh li in cho chu k nm: Cho ma h v ma
ng, ly th ph ti c trng ca mi ma lm c s tnh ton
2. Lp k hoch a cc phn t li ra bo qun, i mi...lp theo qu v nm
3. K hoch sa thi ph ti cn c vo s hiu bit cc h dng in v tn tht kinh
t ca h khi mt in. Lp k hoch gim cng sut v in nng cc h tiu th
khi xy ra thiu cng sut ngun cc mc khc nhau.
K hoch v in nng c lp cho hng qu, thng, tun, cn k hoch cng
sut c lp cho hng ngy.
4. Lp k hoch o lng v hot ng iu chnh trn li in. o lng l c s
cho vic xc nh cu trc vn hnh cng nh qui hoch li in. t nht l hai ln
trong mt nm bng cc dng c o xch tay do cc i cng tc tin hnh.
5. K hoch cng tc ca cc i c lp ra trn c s cc k hoch ca cc mc
trn. Cc k hoch c lp ra sao cho t hiu qu kinh t cao nht v tho mn
cc yu cu k thut.






7

II/ VN HNH MY PHT IN

Cu 9: Khi vn hnh my pht in:
a. Nu f
F
thay i ln hn hoc nh hn f
m
th bn hiu din bin v mt cng gia
MF v HT khi nh th no
Nu f
F
tng vt qu gii hn cho php f
F
>50,2Hz th r to ca my pht vtua bin
chy vt tc lm mn hng cc gi trc. tn s tng ln dn n s lch pha ca
in p ca my pht in v in p ca h thng in.
(UF,Uht) l gc lch pha gia in p my pht v in p ca h thng in,
cf
l
gc lch gii hn cho php. Nu (UF,Uht)>
cf
th my pht s ri vo tnh trng
mt n nh.









Nu tn s gim qu gii hn cho php f < 49,8 Hz th tc quay gim, iu kin
lm mt gim khin cho my pht b nng ln. Do in p trn u cc my pht t
l vi sc in ng phn ng m sc in ng phn ng li t l vi s vng quay
E = Ce..n do khi tc gim in p u cc cng gim theo.
b. Nu tn s f
F
thay i ln hn hoc nh hn fdm th bn x l th no
iu chnh tn s s cp :
L qu trnh din ra ti mi my pht mt cch tc thi,ngay khi mt cn bng cng
sut do ph ti thay i hay khi c s c.iu chnh tn s s cp c thc hin
bi s lng ln cc t my c b phn iu chnh cng sut tuabin cho php thay
i lu lng nc hoc hi qua t my t l vi s thay i ca tn s.p ng ca
vic iu chnh tn s biu din MW/Hz c gi l dc c tnh tnh K
f
.Nh
vy vi s thay i gii hn ca ph ti c th b li bng t ng iu chnh tn s
s cp .
iu chnh tn s th cp:
L qu trnh tng hoc gim cng sut pht ca my pht in iu tn ln a
tn s tr v inh mc. Qa trnh ny din ra bng tay hoc t ng v ch din ra
ti cc my pht iu tn v sau qu trnh iu chnh s cp. Khi tn s f
m
c
khi phc, cng sut ph ti yu cu thm P c p ng hon ton bi cc my
pht nhiu tn.



8

c. Nu U
F
thay i ln hn hoc nh hn U
m
th bn hiu din bin v mt cng gia
MF v HT khi nh th no?
d. Nu U
F
thay i ln hn hoc nh hn U
m
th bn x l th no?

Cu 10: Hy trnh by c tnh ngoi v c tnh iu khin ca MF
Tr li
c tnh ngoi ca my pht in ng b:
c tnh ngoi l quan h U = f(I) khi i(t) = const; cos = const v f = f
m
. N
cho thy lc gi kch thch khng i in p ca my thay i th no theo ti.
Dng in it ng vi U = U
m
; I = I
m
; cos = cos
m
; f = f
m
gi l dng in
t ha nh mc.














T hnh trn ta thy dng ca c tnh ngoi ph thuc vo tnh cht ca ph
ti. Nu ti c tnh cm, khi I tng, phn ng phn ng kh t ca phn ng
tng, in p gim v ng biu din i xung. ngc li nu ti c tnh
dung, khi I tng, phn ng phn ng l tr t in p tng v ng biu din
i ln.

c tnh iu khin ca my pht in ng b
c tnh iu khin ca MF l quan h i
t
= f(I) khi U = const ;
cos = const v f = f
m
. N cho bit chiu hng iu chnh dng in kch
thch i
t
ca my pht ng b gi cho in p
U u my khng i.
U
m

cos =1
cos = 0,8 (in dung)
cos = 0,8 (in cm)

U
m

U
I


9













Ta thy vi ti cm khi I tng tc dng kh t ca phn ng
phn ng cng tng lm cho U b gim. gi cho U khng
i phi tng dng in kch thch i
t
.ngc li ti dung khi tng I, mun
gi cho U khng i phi gim dng in kch thch i
t
. Thng thng cos
= 0.8( thun cm), nn t khng ti (U = U
m
;I = 0) n ti nh mc ( U =
U
m
; I = I
m
) phi tng dng in kch thch i
t
khong 1,7 n 2,2 ln.


Cu 11: Hy trnh by c tnh cng sut ca MF? Khi tng p lc kh lm mt th
c tnh cng sut thay i ntn?
Tr li
c tnh cng sut










cos = 0.8( in cm)
cos = 1
cos = 0.8( in dung)
i
t
i
t0
I
I
m
y
P
x
A
B

U
E
q

C
I
o

jIx
d

D
y
A
B

U
E
q

C
I o

Ix
q

Ix
d

a) b)
O O


10



c tnh cng sut MF cc n.





c tnh cng sut tc dng :

o sin .
.
d
q
x
U E
P =
(3.4a)
c tnh cng sut phn khng :

d d
q
x
U
x
U E
Q
2
cos . = o (3.4b)
c tnh cng sut MF cc li
c tnh cng sut tc dng :
o o 2 sin .
2
sin
2
q d
q d
d
q
x x
x x
U
x
U E
P

+ = (3.5a)
c tnh cng sut phn khng :

q d
q d
q d
q d
d
q
x x
x x
U
x x
x x
U
x
U E
Q
+

+ = .
2
2 cos .
2
cos
2 2
o o (3.5b)
Nu p trn cc MF thay i th chn mt nt trong h thng in c U=const, im
cch cc MF mt in khng x
ng
(hnh 3.10) th c tnh P,Q vn c dng nh nu
trn ch c khc l x
d
c thay bng x
d
+x
ng
v ) , ( U E f
q
= o i U l p ca nt cch cc MF
mt in khng x
ng
.











Khi tng p lc kh lm mt :
- Vic lm mt b mt bng kh Hidro:
U=const
x
ng

Hnh 3.10 S h thng in vi nt U=const
Hnh 3.9 Biu vc t my pht in
a) Cc n; b) Cc li



11

Bng cch tng p lc kh trn ng ng s gim c nhit trn cun
dy v nng cao c cng sut cho my pht trong khi kch thc ca my
pht vn gi nguyn.
- Vic lm mt trc tip bng kh hidro:
Nu m bo c ch tiu qu nhit tng t nh lm mt b mt th cho
php tng cng sut gii hn n 2,4 ln. Nu tng p lc kh trong ng
ng dn kh H
2
lm mt th hiu qu lm mt cng tng ln tc nng cao c
cng sut cho my pht.
Cu 12: Hy trnh by tm tt cc tiu chun vn hnh my pht in m ngi vn
hnh phi nh trc khi vn hnh my pht in?
Tr li
1) Ni dung ca cng tc theo di.
Khi my lm vic cn b qun l vn hnh phi thc hin cng vic sau:
- Theo di ch lm vic bnh thng ca my pht in. Ch lm vic bnh
thng l ch m cc i lng c trng nh P
F
, Q
F
, U
F
, cos|
F
, f
F
v nhit kh
lm mt u
lm
u tr s nh mc theo qui chun vn hnh.
- c v theo di cc s ch ca cc ng h, cc s ch ca cc ng h phi tr
s nh mc (vch ng h).
- Ghi chp s liu : c sau na gi phi theo di v c chnh xc cc ng h mt
ln, sau mt gi phi ghi vo s nht k vn hnh mt ln.
- iu chnh v x l khi vn hnh: khi cc s ch ca cc ng h sai lch tr s
bnh thng th phi tin hnh iu chnh v bo co vi trng ca. Phi iu chnh c
kt qu duy tr cc tham s ca my pht nh U, I, f v u
lm
tr s nh mc.
2) Nhn xt
Phn ny do trc chnh thc hin ghi vo s nht k vn hnh nhm nh gi v nhn
xt v tnh trng lm vic ca my sau mt ca vn hnh, lm s liu theo di cho ca sau
khi giao ca vn hnh.
Ni dung chnh :
- Ghi r rng, chnh xc ca ngi trc vn hnh v tnh trng lm vic ca my.
- Nhng cng vic chnh lm trong ca.
- Nhng lu v ngh.
- K tn, ghi r h tn, ngy thng, gi ghi nht k.



Cu 14: Hy v v trnh by nguyn l lm vic ca h thng kch t s dng cu
chnh lu c iu khin bng thysistor c phn hi in p
- Khi ng my pht in?
- Gii thch chc nng cc b phn trong s ?


12

Tr li

- Khi ng my pht in
- Ban u, trc my pht c truyn chuyn ng quay bi tuabin => roto MF
kch t v roto MF chnh quay.
- n nt a dng kch t mi vo mch kch t MF kch t => Sinh ra sut
in ng u cc MFKT.
- Dng in t MFKT i qua mch chnh lu i-t tr thnh dng I
kt
i vo
roto MFC kch t cho MFC.
- u cc MFC xut hin xut in ng, khi t n nh mc th MFC c
a vo ha li.
- Cun s cp MBA kch t ly in p t 3 pha u cc MFC => dng t
cun th cp c chnh lu bi cu chnh lu Thyristor => tr thnh dng 1
chiu tr v kch t cho MFKT.
- Nh nt n kch t mi => h thng c t kch t.
- Gii thch s :
- Tuabin: Truyn chuyn ng quay cho trc MF
- MFKT: Pht ra dng in kch t cho MFC
- MFC: Pht in ln li
- B phn kch t mi ban u: cung cp dng kch t ban u cho MFKT
- MBA kch t: ly in p t u cc my pht tr li kch t cho MFKT
- Cu chnh lu i-t: chnh lu dng in t MFKT thnh dng 1 chiu kch
t cho MFC
- Cu chnh lu Thyristor: chnh lu dng xoay chiu 3 pha t cun th cp
MBA kch t thnh dng 1 chiu kch t cho MFKT.


13

Cu 15: Ha ng b my in vi HT:
a. Cc iu kin ha dng b MF vi HT
- in p my pht in phi bng in p ca li in UF = UL
- Tn s ca my pht phi bng tn s ca li in f
F
= f
L
.
- Th t pha ca my pht phi ging th t pha ca li in
- in p ca my pht v in p ca li phi trng pha vi nhau
b. Biu din cc iu kin ng b bng s vecto trn mt phng phc ( Khi
khng B v khi B)
Khi cha ng b:
F
U
D HT
U
F
f
HTD
f
0 0
F HTD cb
U U U I A = = =

Khi ng b:
D F HT
U U =
F HTD
f f =
0 0
F HTD cb
U U U I A = = =

cMc ch thc hin cc iu kin ng b
Khi ng my pht vo lm vic song song vi mng in hoc vi cc my pht
khc thng c th xut hin dng in cn bng c th gy h hng cho my, ng
thi lm gim in p trong mng, lm tng tn tht. Bi vy qu trnh ho ng b
my pht phi c thc hin theo cc iu kin trn sao cho nh hng ca dng
in ny nh nht n mc c th, qu trnh din ra cng nhanh cng tt.
diu chnh MF nh th no t c cc yu cu trn
Vic iu chnh in p c thc hin bng cch thay i dng in kch thch ca
my, tn s f
F
ca my c iu chnh bng cch thay i m men hoc tc
quay ca ng c s cp ko my pht in. S trng pha gia in p ca my pht
in v ca li in c kim tra bng n, vn mt c ch s khng hoc dng


14

c o ng b. th t pha ca my pht thng ch c kim tra mt ln sau khi
lp my v ha ng b vi li in ln u.
eNu vi phm mt trong cc iu kin th s xy ra vn gi khi ng MF vo
HT ?( Hin tng v cch x l)
(Cn b sung thm)
Nu khng thc hin ng cc iu kin ni trn khi ha ng b my pht in vo
li c th xy ra cc s c nghim trng lm h hng hoc ph hy my pht in.
VD khi ha ng b m in p ca my pht v ca li lch pha nhau 180
0
th s
tng ng ni ngn mch my pht in vi in p UF UL = 2UF, dng in
xung khi ha c th ln gp 2 ln dng in ngn mch thng thng, lc v m
men in t s ln gp 4 ln, ph hng dy qun, kt cu thp, li thp, trc, ca
my pht in.

Cch x l:
+Nhanh chng ct my ct a MF ra khi li.
+Kim tra MF
+Thc hin li y cc thao tc ha ng b





15

III/ VN HNH TRM BIN P

Cu 16. Lm mt cho MBA
a. Ti sao khi vn hnh mba b nng ln? Cc ngun nhit no tc ng lm nng mba?
Tr li
- C nhiu nguyn nhn khin mba khi vn hnh b nng ln:
+ My bin p b qu ti, hay khng ti v non ti, lch pha mt i xng, s c ngn
mch
+ Ch tiu v in p v dng in khng m bo
+ iu kin lm mt khng m bo
+ Trong qu trnh vn hnh mt s l thp trong li thp b chp
+ Chm chp cc vng dy
+ Cht lng du xu
+ Tip xc ca cc phn t mang in km: tip xc u phn nc mba
- Cc ngun nhit tc ng lm nng mba:
+ Cun dy, li thp, nhit mi trng,
b. Mc ch ca vic lm mt cho mba lm g? Ti sao?
Tr li
- Mc ch l nng cao kh nng vn hnh lu di v an ton hay tui th ca mba.
- Nu nhit mba tng cao lm cho cch in mba chng b gi ha,: du, cch
in cun dy,(tng hao mn vt liu cch in, gim c tnh cch in do s
bin i ha cht xy ra trong cch in) tui th mba s gim i. Chng hn nh:
khi mba qu ti, nu in p tng cao li thp s b bo ha sinh ra t thng dng
hnh thang (dng bng u) sinh ra sdd e c dng nhn u gy ra qu in p nguy
him cho cch in mba.
c. Trnh by cc phng php lm mt mba ( v s ): ty thuc vo cng sut nh mc
ca mba m ngi ta p dng cc pp lm mt khc nhau:
c1. Lm mt bng khng kh t nhin
- Cc my bin p lm mt bng khng kh t nhin gi l my bin p kh, lung
khng kh t nhin trn qua my bin p v lm mt n.Hiu qu rt thp nn ngi
ta phi s dng cch in tng cng, lm cho gi thnh ca my cao hn so vi cc
my bin p du n trn 3 ln. U<35kV;S<750 kVA.
c2. Lm mt bng s i lu t nhin ca du(ONAN)
- k hiu l TM, U>35kV;S>6300kVA; nguyn tc du nng c y ln pha trn
cn du ngui hn th i xung pha di. tng b mt lm mt, ngi ta ch to
cc cnh tn nhit dng hnh ng gn trn thng bin p.


16














c.3 Lm mt my bin p bng s i lu ca du c s tr gip ca cc my qut
(ONAF) (du lm mt cun dy, qut lm mt cho du)
- Nguyn tc kt hp gia du v khng kh thi. Du nng c y ln pha trn
qua ng tn nhit 4 s c lm mt bi qut gi, hiu qu hn




















c.4. Lm mt my bin p bng tun hon cng bc du v khng kh
Hnh 4.1. Lm mt my bin p bng s
i lu du t nhin
1- thng du;
2- 2- phn tn nhit;
3- ng tn nhit



1
2
3

Hnh 4.2. H thng lm mt bng du t
nhin kt hp vi qut thi
1-thng;
2- phn tn nhit; 3 -ng gp;
4 - ng tn nhit; 5- h thng qut.

1
2
3
4
5



17

- S>=80 MVA; nguyn tc lm i lu c du v khng kh. Mt my bm c t
mt bch trn ca my bin p ht du y vo b phn tn nhit cng bc do
cc my qut thi. Hiu sut lm mt cao( tng tc qu trnh trao i nhit, tng
h s truyn nhit)















c.5. Lm mt bng s lu thng ca du v nc
-Nguyn tc lu thng tun hon ca c du v nc.
- Mt my bm ly tm c lp vo mt bch trn ca my bin p ht du nng
a n b phn lm mt bng nc, ni c t mt my bm ly tm khc a nc
lnh ti h thng ny,du sau khi c lm ngui li tr v thng t pha y.
- HIu qu cao, nhng cng knh phc tp,c cng sut ln.












d. Ti ca mba c th hin bi thng s no? Khi ti thay i th vn hnh h thng lm
mt nh th no?
Hnh 4.3. H thng lm mt bng du v khng
kh cng bc.
1- thng;
2- b phn tn nhit;
3- bm du;
4- b phn tn nhit;
5- h thng qut.
1
2
3
4
5

nc lnh
1
2
3
du
nc
nng

Hnh 4.4. H thng lm mt bng du v nc
tun hon cng bc
1- Bm du;
2- b phn trao i nhit;
3-b phn phn ly khng kh


18

d.1 Ti ca mba c th hin bi thng s
- Dung lng nh mc ca my bin p: l cng sut mang ti ca my bin p vn
hnh lin tc trong iu kin in p, tn s nh mc.
- in p nh mc ca my bin p: in p nh mc ca cun dy chnh my
bin p khi ch khng ti (in p dy Ud.m)
- Dng in nh mc ca my bin p: dng in nh mc ca cun dy s cp v
th cp. Dng in nh mc ca my bin p 3 pha tnh ton nh sau:
1 2
1 2
;
3 3
dm dm sdm tdm
dm dm
S S
I I
U U
= =

Nu I < Im l khi my bin p vn hnh non ti.
Nu I > Im l khi my bin p vn hnh qu ti.
- Dng in khng ti I0 v tn hao cng sut khng ti P
:
Khi vn hnh khng
ti my bin p b pht nng nh, dng in I1 trn cun dy s cp lc ny ng
vai tr t ho li thp v lm cho mt phn in nng chuyn thnh nhit nng ta
gi l tn hao cng sut khng ti.
- in p ngn mch Uk% v tn hao cng sut ngn mch Pk.


d.2 ? Khi ti thay i th vn hnh h thng lm mt nh th no?
- Cc my bin p ln in p cao thng p dng phng php lm mt bng du
bin p kt hp vi qut gi thi khng kh ngoi v my bin p.
- Qut gi ch cho php ngng hot ng khi ph ti ca my bin p 60% n 80% dng
lng nh mc hoc nhit lp du trn cng di quy nh cho php trong quy trnh
hoc theo hng dn ca nh ch to. Ch khi ng h thng qut gi c thc hin
t ng (khi ph ti t nh mc) hoc dng nt nhn iu khin xa bng in
Cu 17. Thao tc hp b MC-DCL-DN
a. Hy nu v gii thch cc iu kin lin ng gia DCL v DN(v hnh )
Tr li
- Ch cho php ng dcl khi dn m
- Ch cho php ng dn khi dcl m
Nu dcl v dn cng ng m ng dy ang lm vic s gy ra (ngn mch 1
pha) chm t 1 pha, s rt nguy him cho ng dy, v ngi vn hnh
b. Hy nu v gii thch cc iu kin lin ng gia MC-DCL (v hnh )
Tr li
- Ch cho php ng dcl khi mc m: (dcl ch c nhim v cch ly mng in,
ng ct dng in tun hon, d c tr s nh) - do dcl khng c bung dp h
quang nn nu ng dcl khi mc ng th h quang s xut hin c th dn n s
c.
- Ch cho php ng mc khi dcl ng: l do nh trn, nu .kin trn k tha mn
th ton b in p t ln 2 u dcl, gy h quang s c...


19

c. ngha ca cc iu kin lin ng mc-dcl-dn? C bt buc hay khng?
Tr li
- Nhim v mc: ng dng I>0, Iqt, Isc
- Dcl: cch ly mch in, ng I nh, =0
- Dn: ng ngt dng in cm ng t ng dy lm vic( khi sa cha hoc th
nghim)
- ngha: chng thao tc nhm, bo v cho thit b, ngn chn s c khng mong
mun
- Cc iu kin lin ng trn l bt buc
d. Khi vn hnh nu khng th ng c mc th phi kim tra nhng nguyn nhn no?
Cch khc phc ng mc c?
Tr li
- My ct khng ng c bng in c nhiu nguyn nhn:
+ Khng c in p iu khin
+ Mt xung ng
+ H mch iu khin
+ Tip gip ca b ly cht
+ L xo ng cha c tch nng
+ Hng ng c
+ Cun ng khng lm vic
+ B phn truyn ng hng,hoc iu chnh sai
- Cch khc phc: kim tra
+ v tr aptomat, ngun iu khin
+ Rle
+ Mch iu khin
+ B ly cht
+ Kim tra in p
+ iu chnh cc vt, chnh nh li v tr thanh truyn ng,
+ L xo


20

Cu 18. Thao tc mch MBA
a. Trnh by vit phiu thao tc a mba vo vn hnh ( v s minh ha)
Tr li
- Xt trng hp mba lu ngy cha ng vo vn hnh hoc mba va mi lp t, cn
a vo vn hnh:
+ Thu hi tt c cc phiu thao tc c lin quan n mba chun b vn hnh
+ Kim tra tnh trng ca mba
+ Ct ht cc tip a c nh v tip a di ng cc pha mba
+ ng aptomat cc my bin in p ca mba ( nu c)
+ Kim tra h thng bo v, h thng lm mt a vo vn hnh
+ t nc phn p v tr thch hp trnh qu in p khi ng in
+ ng my ct pha ngun in mba, nu khng c th dng dcl
+ Chuyn i ngun t dng nu cn
+ Sau khi a mba vo vn hnh kim tra tnh trng vn hnh ca mba
b. Khi mba ang vn hnh bn cn phi theo di nm bt c nhng thng s no?
Tr li
- Nhit mba: tng cao qu nhit cho php...
- Tnh trng phu ti mba: qu ti, lch pha ( I, gc lch phi gia cc pha)
- in p mba: gi lun bng Udm
- H thng lm mt
- Mc du, nhit du
- Trng thi r le
- in tr cch in ca mba ( suy gim theo thi gian s dng)
60
15
ht
R
K
R
= ( ,1.3 c
m, >1.3 cch in tt)
- Pht hin nhng hin tng khng bnh thng: tng nhit khc thng( chm
chp vng dy, tip xc u phn nc), ting ku khc thng( ting o..o u n
bnh thng, nu ting o...o ku to hn c th do rung ng cc l thp)
c. Vit phiu thao tc tch mba ra sa cha
Tr li
-.Kim tra tro lu cng sut, huy ng ngun hoc thay i kt li thch hp trnh
qu ti cc my bin p khc hoc cc ng dy lin quan;
-Chuyn ngun t dng nu ngun in t dng ly qua my bin p ;
-.Kha ch t ng iu chnh in p di ti (nu c)
- Ct my ct cc pha h p, trung p, cao p my bin p theo trnh t c quy
nh (ct pha ph ti trc, ct pha ngun sau);
-.Kim tra my bin p khng cn in p;
-.Ct cc dao cch ly lin quan cn thit pha h p, trung p, cao p my bin p
theo trnh t c quy nh;


21

-.Ct ptmt cc my bin in p ca my bin p (nu c);
-.ng tip a c nh pha h p, trung p, cao p my bin p;
-.n v qun l vn hnh lm cc bin php an ton, treo bin bo theo Quy trnh
K thut an ton in hin hnh;
-. Bn giao my bin p cho n v cng tc, ng thi nhc nh, lu thm n v
cng tc v an ton.
d. Cc iu kin vn hnh song song 2 mba:
Tr li
- in p pha s cp v th cp ca chng bng nhau, tc l h s bin p kba
ging nhau: nu c s chnh lch in p, s xut hin dng in khng cn bng

1 2
kcb
ba ba
U
I
Z Z
A
=
+
tng tn tht v lm nng mba
- Cng t u dy: nu khc t u dy, th in p th cp ca 2 mba s lch pha
nhau, lch in p, xut hin dng khng cn bng
1 2
200sin
2
1 2
kcb
n n
I
Uk Uk
I I
o
=
+

- in p ngn mch chnh lch khng qu 10%: nu Uk chnh lch, dn n s
phn b ph ti gia cc mba khng u. Cs truyn ti qua cc mba lv song song :

1 2
( ) *
1 2
n n
k
S S
S U
Uk Uk
= + Trong :Uk in p ngn mch ng tr mba lv song song. Mba
no c Uk nh s nng ti hn, cn Uk b s non ti hn, khng c li, phn b ti
u gia cc mba khi Uk bng nhau, cho php lch nhau <10%
- Hon ton ng pha
- Chnh lch cng sut khng qu 4 ln

Cu19. iu chnh in p cc nt trn ht
a. Ti sao in p li mang tnh cc b? Nu cc phng php iu chnh in p trn
ht?
Tr li
- in p mang tnh cc b v: in p mi ni trn ht c th rt khc nhau, ch ny
tha ch khc c th thiu, c th iu chnh nhiu ni khc nhau
- Cc phng php iu chnh in p trn ht:
+ Trung tm iu : sa thi ph ti
+ u cc my pht: iu chnh dng kch t, thay i t thng, t trng trong mf,
dn n u thay i, iu chnh cspk ti nh my in
+ mba: my bin p iu chnh, hoc b iu chnh in p di ti: thay i nc
iu chnh u phn p
+ ng dy: t b dc, ngang, my b( b cspk), hoc o pha ( thay i thng s r x
ng dy)


22

+ Ti: b t in, my b
b. in p ca cc nt trn ht cn phi c iu chnh c gii hn cc i l bao nhiu?
Tr li
- Mc ch iu chnh in p l m bo cht lng in nng cho ph ti in, trc h
l lch in p so vi in p nh mc

100%
dm
dm
U U
U
U
o

=

U - in p thc t trn cc cc thit b dng in, tiu chun -5%< U o <5%
c. iu chnh BIN ca in p ti cc nt trn ht cn c vo u?
Tr li


-
- iu chnh U y l iu chnh modun in p. Modun in p ch yu do thnh phn
dc trc ca in p quyt nh. in p U1 ti nt 1 khi bit U0 ti nt ngun, b qua tn
tht cs trn ng dy

* *
1 0
0
P R Q X
U U
U
+
=
- Nh vy mun iu chnh in p ti nt 1, ta cn c vo: ( c 3 iu kin di y u
nm trong cc pp iu chnh U cu trn )
+ in p nt ngun U0
+ Dng cspk v cstd:
+ in tr R v cm khng X
d. Khi thc hin b cspk bng t in nng cao h s cos cho ht th thc hin b dc
hay b ngang
Tr li
- Dng t b ngang: t cc thit b b gn h dng in ( cspk c tnh cht cc
b) cung cp cspk Q cho chng, gim c Q phi truyn ti trn ng dy,
lm gc lch pha gia S v P gim
b
bu
Q Q
arctg
P

= do nng cao c h s
os c ca mng.
- T b dc thay i thng s ng dy Z = R+ j(X-Xb) ch gim c tn tht
in nng v ci thin in p

Cu20. Khi thc hin b cspk nng cao h s os c cho ht th chng ta nn t
thit b b u? Gii thch ti sao?


23

Tr li
- Nng cao h s cng sut bng phng php b l t cc thit b b gn h dng
in ( thanh ci h p trm bin p phn xng, t pp ng lc hoc tng thit b
dng in) cung cp cspk Q cho chng, gim c Q phi truyn ti trn ng
dy, lm gc lch pha gia S v P gim
b
bu
Q Q
arctg
P

= do nng cao c h s
os c ca mng.
Nguyn tc B cng su cng tt

+ Ti thanh ca h p trm bin p phn xng: gim tn tht in nng trm bin
p
+ Ti t pp ng lc: gim tn tht in p trn ng dy t t n trm pp v
trong trm
+ t t b cho tt c cc ng c: c li nht gim tn tht in nng trn ng
dy t ngun (t pp) n ng c, nhng gi thnh cao
C th lm thm cng c, k th b: Thc t phn b b ti u cn phc thuc vo quy
m kt cu x nghip: x nghip nh nn b ti thanh ci h p ca trm x nghip; nu x
nghip va c trm bin p v mt s phn xng cch xa trm bin p th nn t b ti
t pp v u cc ng c cs ln. ; x nghip ln gm tram bin p chnh v nhiu trm pp
ca phn xng th t t b ti tt c cc thanh ci h p


24

V/ TH NGHIM
Cu 21: Vt liu cch in:
- Vt liu cch in cn c gi l im mi.
- C dng r i qua vt liu cch in l ti v: do cc in tch t do (nh bi bn)
bm trn b mt ca cht cch in hoc l c bn trong cht cch in. Di tc
dng ca in trng cc in tch t do c th di chuyn theo chiu ca in
trng to ra dng in r, tr s dng in r ny rt nh.
- Cp cch in ca mt thit b in cho ta bit nhit vn hnh cho php ca thit
b . V d cp cch in Y l 90
o
C, A l 105
o
C.
Cu 22: Ti sao R
60
li ln hn R
15
?
Tr li
- Khi ta tin hnh o
dng trn cc thit b
in, ta thy dng o
c 15

u s ln
hn dng o c
60

(I
15
>I
60
). Bi v
thi im ban u vn
cn tn ti dng in
tch d ca cc ln o
trc. ( N vn tn ti
trn thit b in sau
khi kt thc ln o ).

15' 60' 60' 15'
.
U
m R Do I I n nR R
I
= > >

Cu 23: Cch o h s hp th K
ht
nh th no? K
ht
c ngha g?
Tr li
o in tr cch in tuyt i o thi im 15s (R
15
) v 60s (R
60
). H s hp
th l t s gia R
60
v R
15
.
K
ht
= R
60
/R
15

H s hp th dng nh gi tnh trng ca vt liu cch in. i vi cch in
kh v sch khng ln tp cht th K
ht
>= 1,3. Nu vt liu cch in m th K
ht

<1,3.


25

Cu 24: Tr s tg c trng cho ci g? Hy gii thch ti sao?
Tr li
a. Tr s tg c trng cho gi tr tn hao cng sut tc dng trong in mi (tn
hao in mi do dng in r)
b. Giithch


Hnh a Hnh b

- thnh phn dng in chy qua in mi gm: I
r
( chy qua R)= I
R
vI
p/c
( chy
qua C) = I
C

- ta c gin vect nh hnh b ta c:
I
R
= I
C
. tg = U. C.tg
I
C
= U/X
C
= U. C
P = U.I
R
= U.U. C.tg = U
2
. C.tg
Nhnthy: P t l vi tg nn ngi ta s dng i lng tg nh gi tn hao
cng sut tc dng trong in mi.
Cu 25: Ti sao phi xc nh cc tnh ca cun dy? Hy trnh by th nghim xc
nh cc tnh ca cun dy MF bng phng php dng in 1 chiu.
Tr li
- Xc nh th t cun dy:
Sau khi gia cng ch to hoc xa cha xong b dy stato ca MF th cn phi kim
tra xc nh li cc tnh u cun dy. Nu xc nh u dy sai s dn n u
nhm cc u dy v th t pha, kt qu l khi a MF vo vn hnh s gy nn cc
s c mt i xng ca h thng sc in ng, in p v dng in 3 pha (mt i
xng v c bin ln gc pha).
- Xc nh bng pp dng mt chiu
Ni ngun mt chiu vo cun dy thng qua cng tc K, in k mt chiu ni vo
mt trong hai cun dy cn li. nh du u dy ni vi cc (+) ca in k (vd: C
3
)
nh du u dy ni vi cc (-) ca in k (vd: C
03
). ng cng tc K, qu trnh qu


26

t thng bin thin kim ca in k b lch i mt gc, ta ghi nh chiu quay ca
kim in k.
Chuyn in k sang cun dy cn li v cng nh du vi cc dng (vd: C
2
),
u ni vi cc m ca in k (vd: C
02
). Ln ny cng ng cng tc K, trong qu
trnh qu ca th thng bin thin kim ca in k cng lch i mt gc. Nu chiu
quay ca kim in k ln ny trng vi chiu quay ln trc th cc u ni vi cc
dng ca in k c cng cc tnh(C
2
, C
3
cng cc tnh- tc l cng u u hoc u
cui). cn nu chiu quay ca kim in k ngc vi ln trc th C
2
v C
3
khc cc
tnh.
Chuyn ngun mt chiu sang cun dy pha khc v thc chin kim tra tng
t nh trn ta s xc nh c cc u cng cc tnh ca cun dy.

Cu 26: Ti sao phi xc nh cc tnh ca cun dy? Hy trnh by th nghim xc
nh cc tnh ca cun dy MF bng phng php dng in xoay chiu.
Tr li
- Xc nh th t cun dy:
Sau khi gia cng ch to hoc xa cha xong b dy stato ca MF th cn phi
kim tra xc nh li cc tnh u cun dy. Nu xc nh u dy sai s dn n
u nhm cc u dy v th t pha, kt qu l khi a MF vo vn hnh s gy nn
cc s c mt i xng ca h thng sc in ng, in p v dng in 3 pha (mt
i xng v c bin ln gc pha).
- Xc nh bng pp dng xoay chiu
Th ln 1:Gs x c 1,2 cg pha 3,4 cg pha 5,6 cg pha.Ni mch th nh hh a.
vnmt thag o 6V or10V.t ngun 1chiu .p thp (khog 20 30 % U
m
of mp)
vo 2 u dy 1,4 ri quan st vnmt. Nu kim of in k k ln or ch nhch ra khi v
tr 0 mt t th cc u dy 2 v 3 cg cc th (cg l u or cg l cui).Nu kim in
k of vnmt ch vi vn th 2 v 3 # cc tnh (1u l u,1u l cui).G s ln ny
kim in k ca vnmt ch vi vn ngha l 2 v 3 l # cc tnh.
Th ln 2 : Ni mch th nh hnh b. Gs ln n kim of vnmt k ln,ngha l 4 v 5
cg cc tnh.



27



Hnh a Hnh b.

Qua cc ln th ta x c 1,3,5 cg cc th v 2,4,6 cg cc tnh.

Cu 27: Hng mc th nghim no nh gi cch in gia cc cun dy trong
MBA? Hy trnh by th nghim
Tr li
- nh gi cch in gia cc cun dy trong MBA ta tin hnh th nghim o
in tr cch in ca MBA
- Trnh by th nghim:
+ Thit b o in tr cch in l ng h m-gm-mt
+ Nguyn tc o:
>o in tr cch in ca mi cun dy so vi cc cun cn li v v
>Cc cun khng tham gia vo php o c ni t v ni vi v my
Ta c bng s o in tr cch in ca cc cun dy MBA 2 cun dy v 3 cun dy
MBA 2 cun dy MBA 3 cun dy
S C-H+V C-T+H+V
H-C+V T-C+H+V
C-H H-C+T+V
C-V C-T
H-V C-H
T-H
C-V;H-V-T-V
Trong :
C,T,H: Cun dy c in p nh mc cao,trung,h p
V: v my
Du - l tch ring
Du + l ni cc cun dy khc vi nhau
*Tin hnh o:
- B1: Thao cc u ni c 3 pha thanh ci pha cao p, cc u ni pha h p vi MBA,
m bo MBA phi c cch ly hon ton tt c cc pha cao p v h p. Thc hin
ni t v my


28

- B2: Lm v sinh mt s cch in trc khi o
- B3: o nhit ca cc cun dy ti thi im o
- B4: Da vo bng s o in tr cch in gia cc cun dy MBA ta o in tr
cch in thi im 15s v 60s tnh t khi bt u n nt o : R
15
v R
60

- B5: Xc nh h s hp th
60
15
ht
R
K
R
=
T nh gi tnh trng cch in ca cc phn t trong MBA
C th: 1, 3
ht
K > cch in kh v sch khng ln tp cht
1
ht
K ~ cch in m, nhim bi bn
Cu 28: Hng mc th nghim no nh gi cch in gia cc vng dy trn 1
cun dy. Hy trnh by th nghim
Bi lm
- o in tr cch in 1 chiu cc cun dy MBA c xem l hng nh gi
cch in gia cc vng dy trn 1 cun dy MBA
- Trnh by th nghim
B1: Cch ly hon ton MBA c 2 pha cao p v h p
B2: o nhit ca MBA bng nhit k, ni tt c cc cun dy MBA vi v v t
B3: Lm sch cc v tr u ni dy o
B4: u cu o in tr vi cc u pha cao p , ,
AB AC BC
R R R theo s 2 dy, v tr
u u ni phi m bo tip xc tt
S o in tr 1 chiu theo phng php 2 dy (cu n dung cho in tr > 1 )

Vi
1 2 3
, , R R R l cc in tr mu thay i c
G : ng h Gavano-met ch khng

1 2 3 4
, , ,
d d d d
R R R R in tr dy ni cu vi i tng cn o
Rx : in tr cn o
E : ngun in 1 chiu
T s c :
2 3
1 2
1
.
( )
x d d
R R
R R R
R
= +
B5: o in tr cc cun dy h p
0 0 0
, ,
a b c
R R R dng s 4 dy ( s ch dung cho o
in tr nh c di 1 )
2 2
3
1
.
( 3 )
d
x d
R R
R R R
R
= +
B6: Hiu chnh tr s in tr o c v cng nhit vi nhit ghi trong l lch ca
nh ch to (t= C)


29


2
2 1
1
235
235
t t
t
R R
t
+
=
+
(ch i vi dy Cu)
Trong :
2 t
R : in tr 1 chiu o nhit t2 ( )
1 t
R ( )
B7: nh gi cht lng cc u ni, cc tip xc, cht lng ca cun dy qua kt qu
quy i
C th : Nu cun dy ca MBA l bnh thng th chnh lch in tr ca cc cun dy
ca cc pha vi nhau v so vi nh ch to khng c qu 2%
Nu R cun dy > 2% R tiu chun => phn nh s tip xc km cc mi ni
R cun dy < 2% R tiu chun th hin c th b ngn mch 1 s vng dy

Cu 29: My bin in p(MBDA) lm nhim v g trong HT? Ti sao ni MBDA
thng l/vic (.) c/ 0 ti? Quy nh v cch u MBDA (.) li in?
Tr li:
* MBDA dg bin i /p t tr s ln xug tr s thch hp cug cp cho cc dg c
o lng, rle, t g ha
* Cc dg c o v rle c mc // vi c/dy th cp, c/s tiu th nh v tng tr cc c/dy
of chng rt ln. Do vy tng tr ngoi ca mch th cp rt ln, dg in th cp ca BU
rt nh (thg 0 qu 1A). V th, khi l/vic ngi ta coi MBDA l/vic ch 0 ti.
* Quy nh v cch u dyMBDA (.) li in:
- C/dy s cp W1 gm rt nhiu vng dy, tit din ca dy qun b, c mc // vi mch
cn o c /p U1.
- C/ dy th cp W2 gm t vng dy, tit din ca dy qun ln, c mc //vi cc dg c
o, rle / p


30


Cu 1: Ph ti h thng in l g? Cch xc nh ph ti HT ............................................... 1
Cu 2: Cng sut ca HT l g? m bo f
HT
v U
HT
lun nm trong di nh mc cho
php th yu cu v mt cng sut ca HT nh th no? ........................................................ 2
Cu 3: Ti sao f li mang tnh h thng, cn U li mang tnh cc b ...................................... 2
Cu 4: Hy nu cc nhim v vn hnh HT v cch thc t chc trong vn hnh HT .. 3
Cu 5: iu c ngha l g? Ti sao cn phi phn cp iu ?. Phn cp trong iu
HT nh th no? .......................................................................................................................... 3
Cu 6: Hy nu quyn iu khin v quyn kim tra ca cc cp iu HT ................... 4
Cu 7: Phng thc vn hnh l g? Hy nu nhim v ca b phn phng thc? S
phi hp gia cc b phn phng thc trong cc cp iu nh th no? ......................... 5
II/ VN HNH MY PHT IN .............................................................................................. 7
Cu 9: Khi vn hnh my pht in: ........................................................................................... 7
Cu 10: Hy trnh by c tnh ngoi v c tnh iu khin ca MF ................................. 8
Cu 11: Hy trnh by c tnh cng sut ca MF? Khi tng p lc kh lm mt th c
tnh cng sut thay i ntn? ........................................................................................................... 9
Cu 12: Hy trnh by tm tt cc tiu chun vn hnh my pht in m ngi vn hnh
phi nh trc khi vn hnh my pht in? ........................................................................... 11
Cu 15: Ha ng b my in vi HT: .................................................................................. 13
Cu 16. Lm mt cho MBA ......................................................................................................... 15
Cu 17. Thao tc hp b MC-DCL-DN ................................................................................... 18
Cu 18. Thao tc mch MBA ...................................................................................................... 20
a. Trnh by vit phiu thao tc a mba vo vn hnh ( v s minh ha) ................... 20
b. Khi mba ang vn hnh bn cn phi theo di nm bt c nhng thng s no? .... 20
c. Vit phiu thao tc tch mba ra sa cha .......................................................................... 20
d. Cc iu kin vn hnh song song 2 mba: .......................................................................... 21
Cu19. iu chnh in p cc nt trn ht ............................................................................... 21
Cu20. Khi thc hin b cspk nng cao h s os c cho ht th chng ta nn t thit b
b u? Gii thch ti sao? ....................................................................................................... 22
V/ TH NGHIM .......................................................................................................................... 24
Cu 21: Vt liu cch in: .......................................................................................................... 24
Cu 22: Ti sao R
60
li ln hn R
15
? .......................................................................................... 24
Cu 23: Cch o h s hp th K
ht
nh th no? K
ht
c ngha g? ....................................... 24
Cu 24: Tr s tg c trng cho ci g? Hy gii thch ti sao? ............................................. 25
Cu 25: Ti sao phi xc nh cc tnh ca cun dy? Hy trnh by th nghim xc nh
cc tnh ca cun dy MF bng phng php dng in 1 chiu. ....................................... 25
Cu 26: Ti sao phi xc nh cc tnh ca cun dy? Hy trnh by th nghim xc nh
cc tnh ca cun dy MF bng phng php dng in xoay chiu. ................................. 26
Cu 27: Hng mc th nghim no nh gi cch in gia cc cun dy trong MBA?
Hy trnh by th nghim ........................................................................................................ 27
Cu 28: Hng mc th nghim no nh gi cch in gia cc vng dy trn 1 cun dy.
Hy trnh by th nghim ........................................................................................................ 28
Cu 29: My bin in p(MBDA) lm nhim v g trong HT? Ti sao ni MBDA thng
l/vic (.) c/ 0 ti? Quy nh v cch u MBDA (.) li in? .............................................. 29