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Introduction and Overview
This presentation is an
overview of some of the
ideas and techniques to be
covered during the course.
Wallace and Gromit will be subjects of some of the imagery in this introduction.
http://www.aardman.com/wallaceandgromit/index.shtml
image
plane
projection
projection
through
through lens
lens
image
image of
of object
object
projection
projection onto
onto
discrete
discrete sensor
sensor digital
digital camera
camera
array.
array.
sensors
sensors register
register
average
average color.
color. sampled
sampled image
image
continuous
continuous colors,
colors,
discrete
discrete locations.
locations. discrete
discrete real-
real-
valued
valued image
image
continuous
continuouscolors
colors
mapped
mappedto toaafinite,
finite,
discrete
discreteset
setof
ofcolors.
colors.
aagrid
gridof
ofsquares,
squares,
eachof
each ofwhich
which
containsaasingle
contains single
color
color
eachsquare
each squareisis
calledaapixel
called pixel(for
(for
pictureelement)
picture element)
requires
requiressome
some
knowledge
knowledgeofof
how
howwewesee
see
colors
colors
The
Thesimultaneous
simultaneousredred++blue
blue
response causes us to
response causes us to
perceive
perceiveaacontinuous
continuousrange
range
of
ofhues
hueson
onaacircle.
circle. No
Nohue
hueisis
greater
greaterthan
thanororless
lessthan
thanany
any
other
otherhue.
hue.
all
allbands
bands luminance
luminance chrominance
chrominance
red
red green
green blue
blue
all
allbands
bands luminance
luminance chrominance
chrominance
red
red green
green blue
blue
⎛ ur vc ⎞
R −1 C −1 + i 2π ⎜ + ⎟
I ( r , c ) = ∑ ∑ I ( u ,v ) e ⎝R C⎠
, these complex
complex
u =0 v =0 these
exponentials are
exponentials are
where
2D sinusoids.
2D sinusoids.
⎛ ur vc ⎞
R −1 C −1 − i 2π ⎜ + ⎟
I ( u,v ) = RC1 ∑ ∑ I ( r,c) e ⎝R C⎠
r =0 c =0
φ = phase shift
a t ion
r nt r
orie
Ifyou
If yourepresent
represent
thatnumber
that numberas asaa
magnitude,A,
magnitude, and
A,and
aaphase,
phase,φ,φ,……
..theserepresent
..these representthe
theamplitude
amplitude
andoffset
and offsetof
ofthe
thesinusoid
sinusoidwith
with
frequencyωωand
frequency anddirection
directionθ.θ.
magnitude phase
I |F{I}| ∠[F{I}]
∞ ∞
I(r, c ) = ∫ ∫ I(u, v ) e
+i 2π ( uc + vr )
dudv
− ∞− ∞
∞ ∞
I(u, v ) = ∫ ∫ I (r , c ) e −i 2π ( uc + vr )
dcdr
− ∞− ∞
Thecontinuous
The continuousFourier
Fourier
transformassumes
transform assumesaa
continuousimage
continuous imageexists
exists
ininaafinite
finiteregion
regionof
ofan
an
infiniteplane.
infinite plane.
The BoingBoing
The BoingBoing Bloggers
Bloggers
⎛ uc vr ⎞
R − 1C − 1 + i 2π ⎜ + ⎟
I( r,c ) = ∑ ∑ I(u,v ) e ⎝C R ⎠
v= 0 u= 0
⎛ cu rv ⎞
R −1C −1 − i 2π ⎜ + ⎟
I(u, v ) = ∑ ∑ I(r,c ) e ⎝C R ⎠
r =0 c =0
δ (r − 0, c − 0)
Sumtimes
Sum times1/5
1/5
(a)
(a) aliased
aliased
(b)
(b) power
powerspectrum
spectrum
(c)
(c) unaliased
unaliased
(d)
(d) power
powerspectrum
spectrum (c) (d)
nearest
nearest neighbor
neighbor nearest
nearest neighbor
neighbor
8× 16×
(resizing)
bicubic
bicubic interpolation
interpolation bicubic
bicubic interpolation
interpolation
OriginalImage
Original Image PowerSpectrum
Power Spectrum GaussianLPF
Gaussian LPFininFD
FD
FilteredImage
Filtered Image FilteredPower
Filtered PowerSpectrum
Spectrum OriginalImage
Original Image
FilteredImage
Filtered Image FilteredPower
Filtered PowerSpectrum
Spectrum OriginalImage
Original Image
signedimage
signed imagewith
with
00at
atmiddle
middlegray
gray
FilteredImage
Filtered Image FilteredPower
Filtered PowerSpectrum
Spectrum OriginalImage
Original Image
original
zoom rotational
periodic frequency
original
noise tuned filter
26 April 2008 1999-2007 by Richard Alan Peters II 51
Shot Noise or Salt & Pepper Noise
Photographs by Robert Fenton of a battlefield in the Crimean war taken on 23 April 1855.
From Morris, Errol, “Which Came First, the Chicken or the Egg?”, Parts 1-3, New York
Times, Zoom Editorial Section, 25 Sept. 2007 (pt.1), 7 Oct. 2007 (pt.2), 30 Oct. 2007 (pt.3).
Photographs by Robert Fenton of a battlefield in the Crimean war taken on 23 April 1855. From Morris, Errol, “Which Came First, the
Chicken or the Egg?”, Parts 1-3, New York Times, Zoom Editorial Section, 25 Sept. 2007 (pt.1), 7 Oct. 2007 (pt.2), 30 Oct. 2007 (pt.3).
Photographs by Robert Fenton of a battlefield in the Crimean war taken on 23 April 1855. From Morris, Errol, “Which Came First, the
Chicken or the Egg?”, Parts 1-3, New York Times, Zoom Editorial Section, 25 Sept. 2007 (pt.1), 7 Oct. 2007 (pt.2), 30 Oct. 2007 (pt.3).
Nice. Now for the way he’d wear his hair if he had any.
In the studio!