Coventry University

12
LANCHESTER LINERS
DATABASE
Database Rationale
JANE OMINGO AND MUMINI ABDUL-AZEEZ

Ms. Jane Omingo and Mumini Abdul-Azeez Page 1 of 9 CW1- Module 220CT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DATABASE RATIONALE - INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 2
TASK I - PART I: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING DATABASE ......................................... 3
ADVANTAGES OF USING DATABASE FOR LANCHESTER LINERS:- ..................................... 3
DISADVANTAGES OF USING DATABASE FOR LANCHESTER LINERS:- ............................... 4
TASK I - PART II: TO STATE THE APPROPRIATE BUSINESS RULES. ........................................................ 5
TASK II PART I: TO IDENTIFY MAIN ENTITY TYPES AND ATTRIBUTES. .................................................. 6
ENTITY TYPES .................................................................................................................... 6
ENTITY TYPES WITH ATTRIBUTES ...................................................................................... 6
TASK II PART II: ENTITY RELATIONSHIP MODEL. .................................................................................. 7
Appendix I - Coursework Diary .................................................................................................................... 8
BIBLIOGRAPHY:- ...................................................................................................................................... 8
REFFERENCES:- ...................................................................................................................................... 8




Ms. Jane Omingo and Mumini Abdul-Azeez Page 2 of 9 CW1- Module 220CT
DATABASE RATIONALE - INTRODUCTION

This is the first coursework for 220CT. The course work is about the LANCHESTER LINERS
DATABASE. Requirement of the Course Work is to prepare a report that will show the application of
the fundamental techniques in database systems development.

Also to analyse, design and implement a database solution to a specified commercial need of the
Lancaster liners.

Our Course Work will consist of three main parts and sub sections as show on the contents page. The
contents are as follows:
Database Rationale that consists of Advantages and Disadvantages of using database
systems compared to file base system.
Business Rules
ER model and report

Database solution which will include the Entity relationship model that includes entities and
relationships.
Ms. Jane Omingo and Mumini Abdul-Azeez Page 3 of 9 CW1- Module 220CT
TASK I - PART I: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING DATABASE

ADVANTAGES OF USING DATABASE FOR LANCHESTER LINERS:-
i.) Reduced Data Redundancy:
Database system will assist in reduce the Data redundancy in the Lancaster liners company
compared to file transfer.

ii.) Allow multiple access of data:-
As Lancaster Liner operate several ships and cruise, multiple employees can access the same type
of data at the same time without causing a delay to the customer as well as disturb the liners
information in any way.

iii.) Improve data security:-
Storage of data in the database system will improve the security of the data stored as in my many
databases there is a control access to the system. So not anyone is allowed to view, change or
amend every stored data, and is only access with the password which is secret and cannot be
shared. Compared to file base system, all the informations are stored in the file and most of the
employee can access the data very quickly and easily as long as you have gain access to the
storage unit.

iv.) Provide Data and Recovery access:-
Database system has the facility to backup the data at the end of the day as well as recovery when
anything happen to the information stored in the system. This is not available when using the file
base system, once the data is lost there is no way you can retrieve all the up-to-date information
unless if there is other measures of storing the hard copy of the information as they developed. But
most of the time in file base system there is no such facility. For the Lancaster liners with a big
number of customers, it is more ideal to store the information in the database than file base system
due to this risk of losing the customer information.

v.) Reduce paper work and save the storage space:-
using Database system in Lancaster Liners will save storage space as all the file will be stored
electronically so there will be no need for paper and files. This will save storage space as well as
save on the paper work due to the same reason of not using the paper but electronically stored.

vi.) Easy access to data:-
It is much easier to retrieve the information within a short period of time and among a very large
amount of information. Compared to file base system the access of data may be easy but retrieving
specific information will take much more time as you have to go through a large amount of
information filed to search for the required information.


Ms. Jane Omingo and Mumini Abdul-Azeez Page 4 of 9 CW1- Module 220CT
DISADVANTAGES OF USING DATABASE FOR LANCHESTER LINERS:-
i.) Risk of Damage:-
If appropriate measures are not in place, there is a possibility of data damage caused by lack of
unsuitable measure to prevent the damage. This will cause a data loss that will affect business in
general. The measures are such as data backups, antivirus software e.t.c.

ii.) Training Cost:-
The cost of training unskilled staff is high and without proper training the staff cannot work with the
database.

iii.) Time:
Design is time consuming


iv.) Costly:
The database system is expensive in terms of training cost, software and hardware costs

v.) Complex:
Some of the database system are very complex in the way is hard to learn and master within a short
period of time. And even after mastering a little bit you may need a long time of learning so that to
be confident in using the system.

vi.) Availability of Expertise:
Lack of expert may lead to database failure in the very large part. This will cause the financial and
destroy the reputation of the Lancaster liners company.



Ms. Jane Omingo and Mumini Abdul-Azeez Page 5 of 9 CW1- Module 220CT
TASK I - PART II: TO STATE THE APPROPRIATE BUSINESS RULES.

In Lancaster Liners we have come across different business rules, the following are some of the rules
that we have used in our Model.

A cruise must consist of at least one itinerary, and each of the itineraries must be identified by
unique number.

Employees of the Lanchester Liners are assigned to a particular ship.

Every cruise must have Captain and first officer.

Every Captain and First officer must have an employee number and total number of pilotage hours.

Every passenger on board one of the Lanchester Liners is issued with passenger card to be used
as a means of payment for foods and services on board.

Passengers may book excursions originating at various ports on an itinerary.

Excursion may or may not have a maximum number of spaces available to fill.

Every cruise has a guest lecturer on board and they not party of the crew but as a passenger.

Lanchester liners had a requirement of recording the customer satisfaction associated with each
cruise for quality management purpose.

Ms. Jane Omingo and Mumini Abdul-Azeez Page 6 of 9 CW1- Module 220CT
TASK II PART I: TO IDENTIFY MAIN ENTITY TYPES AND ATTRIBUTES.

ENTITY TYPES
Ship Cruise Itinerary Tour operator
Employee Passenger Port Excursion
Passenger Card Guest Lecturer Attraction Captain
Firs tOfficer Satisfaction Survey

ENTITY TYPES WITH ATTRIBUTES
Ship Cruise Itinerary Tour operator
shipNo
shipName
itineraryID

cruiseNo
cruiseName
captainID
firstOfficerID
itineraryID
shipNo
itinenaryID
itinenaryDate
operatorID
arrivalWkDay
departureWkDay
operatorID
operatorName
operatorLocation


Employee Passenger Port Excursion
empID
empName
empAddress
empPosition
shipID
passengerID
passengerFName
passengerSName
passengerDOB
portID
portName
portLocation
portAddress
excurID
portID
excurLocation
excurType
spacesAvailable

PassengerCard Attraction Guest Lecturer Captain
cardID
passengerID
cardBalance
attraID
attraName
attraLocation
guestID
passengerID
captainID
captainName
empID
totalPilotageHrs

FirstOfficer Satisfaction Survey
officerID
officerName
empID
totalPilotageHrs
surveyID
passengerID
cruiseID
operatorID


Ms. Jane Omingo and Mumini Abdul-Azeez Page 7 of 9 CW1- Module 220CT
TASK II PART II: ENTITY RELATIONSHIP MODEL.

Employee
empID(PK)
empName
empAddress
empPosition
shipID(FK)
First Officer
officerID(PK)
officerName
empID(FK)
totalPilotageHr
Cruise
cruiseID(PK)
cruiseName
captained(FK)
firstOfficerID(FK)
itineraryID(FK)
shipID(FK)
tourOperatorID(FK)
satisfactionSurveyID(FK)
Ship
shipNo(PK)
shipName
itineraryID(FK)
Satisfaction Survey
surveyed(PK)
passengerID(FK)
cruiseID(FK)
operatorID(FK)
Excursion
excurID(PK)
excurName
portID(FK)
excurLocation
excurType
spaceAvailable
Captain
captioned(PK)
captainName
empID(FK)
totalPilotageHr
Itinerary
itineraryID(PK)
operatorID(FK)
portID(FK)

Passenger Card
cardID(PK)
passengerID(FK)
cardBallance
Passenger
passengerID(PK)
passengerFName
passengerLName
passengerDOB
passengerType
Tour Operator
operatorID(PK)
operatorName
operatorLocation
Guest Lecturer
guestID(PK)
guestName
passengerID(FK)
Attraction
attraID(PK)
attraName
attraLocation
Port
portID(PK)
portName
portLocation
portAddress
Arrival
Departure
itineraryID
Ms. Jane Omingo and Mumini Abdul-Azeez Page 8 of 9 CW1- Module 220CT
THE APPENDICES
Appendix I - Coursework Diary

BIBLIOGRAPHY:-
W
REFFERENCES:-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_modeling
http://www.slideshare.net/devgocool/dbms-models.
http://www.slideshare.net/overtomanu/01 introductiondbms?src=related_normal&rel=7424378