I) NHU CU SCADA nng cao cht lng v m bo cung cp in, h thng in Vit Nam ang c u t xy dng v pht trin ngy cng nhiu cc ng dy v trm bin p, cng nh khng ngng m rng cc trm bin p u t xy dng trc y nh u t xy dng cc my bin p s hai v cc xut tuyn trung p nhm mc ch m bo cung cp in m bo s tng trng ca ph ti. Mt khc h thng in Vit Nam ngy cng c hin i ha bng cc thit b hin i, cc thit b lc hu trc y dn c thay th bng cc thit b hin i, c sn xut theo cng ngh mi c cht lng v tin cy cao hn. Hin nay a s cc trm bin p trm bin p c cp in p 110kV, 220kV v 500kV u c u t ng b h thng SCADA. Cc trm bin p 500kV, 220kV mi v mt s trm bin p 110kV c u t h thng iu khin tch hp bng my tnh phc v vic gim st v iu hnh li in t cc Trung tm iu Min v Trung tm iu Quc Gia. Vi li in phc tp vic vn hnh li in s ngy cng kh khn hn khi mt cc trm bin p ngy cng nhiu hn, vic m bo tnh n nh h thng kh hn, mt khc do nhu cu ca ph ti i hi cht lng in nng ngy cng cao. Do vic u t nng cp cc H thng SCADA/EMS cng nh cc trm in c trang b h thng t ng ha l cn thit. II) TNG QUAN V SCADA V T NG HA TRM BIN P 1. Khi nim v h thng SCADA L h thng iu khin gim st v thu thp d liu (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition-SCADA). SCADA l mt cng c t ng ha trong nhiu lnh vc, dng k thut vi x l - PLC/RTU (Programmaple Logic Controller/ Remote Terminal Unit), tr gip vic iu hnh k thut cc cp trc iu hnh cc h thng t ng cng nghip cng nh h thng in. H thng ny cung cp cho ngi vn hnh nhng thng tin quan trng ca i tng cn quan tm v cho php thc hin cc lnh iu khin cn thit v pha i tng m bo cho h thng hot ng an ton v c hiu qu. SCADA c hnh thnh v pht trin cng vi s pht trin chung ca cc ngnh cng nghip khc nh cng nghip vi x l, vin thng, tin hc ... T nhng nm u thp nin 70 nn cng nghip cc nc pht trin i vo xu hng t ng ha. Vic sn xut th cng c thay th dn cc x nghip cng nghip. Bn cnh ngnh cng ngh thng tin, c bit s pht trin mnh m ca lnh vc tin hc - cng ngh phn mm, cc h thng t ng ha iu khin bng chng trnh cng ra i. Vi c im l mt cng c t ng ha n c ng dng rng ri trong nhiu lnh vc, t vic qun l iu khin trong sn xut cng nghip, n qun l truyn ti v phn phi in nng trong in lc ... Sau khi chuyn sang c ch th trng, t nc m ca qu trnh cng nghip t ng ha bt u, cc nh my x nghip xy dng u c u tin v cng ngh tin tin v h thng SCADA - cng c ca t ng ha cng c pht trin rng, lp t nhiu nh my, x nghip cng nghip sn xut cht lng cao. Cng ngh SCADA nc ta, do nhp thit b ca nhiu nc cng nghip tin tin nn n rt a dng v mu m, cu trc, v chun v chng loi. Nhng l mt h thng cng nghip mi nn h thng SCADA phn ln cng l h theo chun cng nghip chung. Hin nay SCADA khng th thiu c cho vic sn xut t ng x nghip cng nghip cn chnh xc v t ng ha cao. p ng vi kh nng pht trin chung ca nn kinh t, h thng in ng vai tr ch o khng nhng thc y nn kinh t m cn m bo an ninh, chnh tr, quc phng. 2 V vy vic s dng SCADA trong h thng in Vit Nam m bo vic cung cp in lin tc, vn hnh, x l tnh hung mt cch nhanh chng p ng yu cu ca nn kinh t pht trin. 2. Chc nng ca trm Thu thp d liu t : thit b ng ct, cc thit b o lng nh bin dng in, bin in p v cc thao tc iu khin ng ct cc thit b. Cc thng tin lin quan ca mt trm in c th truy cp ti ch thng qua giao din ngi my HMI (Human Machine Interface) cho mc ch iu khin v gim st ti ch. 3. Chc nng chung ca h thng SCADA H thng SCADA thc hin chc nng thu thp d liu t xa, cc s liu v sn lng, cc thng s vn hnh cc trm bin p thng qua ng truyn s liu c truyn v trung tm, lu tr h thng my tnh ch. - Dng cc c s s liu : cung cp nhng dch v v iu khin gim st h thng in. - Hin th cc trng thi v qu trnh hot ng ca thit b in, hin th th, hin th s kin, bo ng, hin th bo co sn xut. - Thc hin iu khin t xa qu trnh ng /Ct my ct, dao cch ly, dao tip a, thay i cc gi tr ca u phn p my bin th, t gi tr ca rle... - Thc hin cc dch v: V truyn s liu trong h v ra ngoi h, vic c vit s liu ln PLC /RTU, tr li cc bn tin yu cu ca cp trn v s liu, v thao tc. - Mt h SCADA kt hp phn cng ln phn mm vi tnh t ng ha vic iu khin gim st cho mt i tng trong h thng in . - Vi mt h thng th yu cu vic xy dng h SCADA (cho h thng in) thc hin mt trong s nhng nhim v t ng ha sau: +Thu thp - Gim st t xa + iu khin ng /Ct t xa + iu chnh t ng t xa +Thng tin t xa ca cc i tng v cc cp qun l Mi chc nng trn u c nhng yu cu c bit cho tng b phn, phn cng, phn mm chuyn dng ca h thng SCADA. C th l: - Phn o - Gim st xa: Cn m bo thu thp, lu gi, hin th, in n, nhng s liu cn cho qun l k thut. - Phn iu khin thao tc xa: Phi m bo c vic kim tra ng /Ct an ton, tin cy. 4. H thng SCADA /EMS bao gm cc thnh phn chnh nh sau: H thng My tnh ch t ti cc Trung tm iu h thng in (iu h thng in Quc Gia, iu h thng in Min, iu h thng in li phn phi) bao gm cc thit b nh sau: - My tnh ch SCADA. - My tnh ch giao din ngi dng MMI (Man Machine Interface). - My tnh ch lin kt d liu ICCP (Inter Control Center Protocol). - My tnh ch Lu tr d liu HIS (Historical Information System). - My tnh ch M phng o to iu vin theo thi gian thc DTS (Dispatcher Training Simulator) v H thng pht trin DS (Development System). - My tnh ch ng dng (Application Server) 3 - Cc Trm lm vic (Workstation PC). - H thng hin th VPS (Video Projector System). - Thit b tin x l thng tin CFE (Communication Front End Proccessor). - Thit b tp trung Modem. - H thng thu nhn v phn phi tn hiu ng b v tinh GPS (Global Position System) Ton b cc thit b trn c kt ni thng qua mt h thng mng cc b LAN (Local Area Network), h thng u c trang b cu hnh d phng nng 1+1. Bus Ehernet chnh vn hnh tc 100Mbit/s, bus d phng vn hnh tc 10Mbit/s. H thng SCADA ti Trung tm s kt ni vi cc RTU cc trm bin p s dng giao thc truyn tin IEC 870-5-101 master. ng thi kt ni vi H thng SCADA /EMS ca Trung tm iu h thng in Quc gia bng giao thc ICCP. 5. Thit b u cui ti trm Thit b u cui ti trm c th l thit b RTU hoc mt h thng t ng ha trm hoc c th l mt my tnh cng nghip thu thp d liu v iu khin ton b cc thng s vn hnh ca trm. Trong trng hp s dng thit b u cui RTU, Ti mi trm gm cc thit b chnh nh sau: - T thit b u cui RTU (Remote Terminal Unit), cha cc u vo s, u ra s, u vo tn hiu tng t, cc cng giao din tn hiu ni tip kt ni n cc IED (r le s hoc cc thit b in t thng minh khc nh cc b cnh bo-annunciator, cc PLC,.. ) - T giao din gim st SIC (Supervisory Interface Cubicle), ch yu lp t cc b bin i trung gian (cc transducer bin i cc gi tr in p, dng t cc bin in p, bin dng, b ch bo v tr nc phn p v thnh tn hiu dng c tr s ph hp vi ch tiu k thut ca u vo tn iu tng t) v cc r le trung gian lp li trng thi thit b in (cho mc ch gim st), cc r le trung gian iu khin cc thit b in. - Cc modem V.24/V.28, V35 kt ni cc RTU hoc cc H thng t ng ha n ng truyn vin thng (c th l ng truyn s dng h thng thng tin quang, h thng thng tin vi ba, h thng thng tin ti ba) - V cc thit b ngoi vi khc. RTU thu nhn thng tin t xa, thng t ti ni lm vic thu nhn d liu v thng tin t cc thit b hin trng nh cc valve, cc cm bin, cc ng h o gi n MTU x l v thng bo cho ngi iu hnh bit trng thi hot ng ca cc thit b hin trng. Mt khc, n nhn lnh hay tn hiu t MTU iu khin hot ng ca cc thit b theo yu cu. Thng thng cc RTU lu gi thng tin thu thp c trong b nh ca n v i yu cu t MTU mi truyn d liu. Tuy nhin, ngy nay cc RTU hin i c cc my tnh v PLC c th thc hin iu khin trc tip qua cc a im t xa m khng cn nh hng ca MTU. RTU: Khng thc hin cc chc nng ti ch v thng tin ln trung tm gim st v iu khin t trung tm mi trm, RTU ch l mt thit b giao tip gia h thng qun l mng v cc thit b ng ct. RTU bao gm nhiu u vo/ra, gn nh n khng thc hin cc chc nng ti ch m ch thng tin n cc trung tm iu khin xa. RTU v cc trung tm iu khin to nn h thng SCADA, gim st, iu khin v qun l h thng in t xa bi s can thip ca con ngi. N cung cp thng tin theo thi gian thc (thng tin tn hiu tng t v tn hiu s) cng nh cc thng tin qu kh cho ngi vn hnh v h tr ngi vn hnh quyt nh vic iu khin gim st hiu qu. (Ngun internet)