Result Unknown Change Unknown Start Unknown

Add to
Two bunnies sat on the grass.
Three more bunnies hopped
there. How many bunnies are
on the grass now?
2 + 3 = ?
Two bunnies were sitting on
the grass. Some more
bunnies hopped there. Then
there were five bunnies. How
many bunnies hopped over to
the first two?
2 + ? = 5
Some bunnies were sitting on
the grass. Three more bunnies
hopped there. Then there were
five bunnies. How many
bunnies were on the grass
before?
? + 3 = 5
Take from
Five appes were on the tabe.
! ate two appes. How many
appes are on the tabe now?
5 " 2 = ?
Five appes were on the
tabe. ! ate some appes. Then
there were three appes. How
many appes did ! eat?
5 # ? = 3
Some appes were on the tabe.
! ate two appes. Then there
were three appes. How many
appes were on the tabe
before?
? " 2 = 3
Total Unknown Addend Unknown Both Addends Unknown
1
Put
Together
Take
Apart
2
Three red appes and two
green appes are on the tabe.
How many appes are on the
tabe?
3 + 2 = ?
Five appes are on the tabe.
Three are red and the rest are
green. How many appes are
green?
3 + ? = 5$ 5 " 3 = ?
%randma has five fowers.
How many &an she put into
her red vase and how many in
her bue vase?
5 = ' + 5$ 5 = 5 + '$
5 = ( + )$ 5 = ) + ($
5 = 2 + 3$ 5 = 3 + 2
Difference Unknown Bigger Unknown Smaller Unknown
Compare

*+How many more?, version-

.u&y has two appes. /uie
has five appes. How many
more appes does /uie have
than .u&y?
*0ersion with +more,-
/uie has three more appes
than .u&y. .u&y has two
appes. How many appes
does /uie have?
*0ersion with +more,-
/uie has three more appes
than .u&y. /uie has five
appes. How many appes does
.u&y have?
*+How many fewer?,
version-
.u&y has two appes. /uie
has five appes. How many
fewer appes does .u&y have
than /uie?
2 + ? = 5$ 5 " 2 = ?
*0ersion with +fewer,-
.u&y has 3 appes fewer than
/uie. .u&y has two appes.
How many appes does /uie
have?
2 + 3 = ?$ ? " 2 = 3
*0ersion with +fewer,-
.u&y has 3 fewer appes than
/uie. /uie has five appes.
How many appes does .u&y
have?
? + 3 = 5$ 5 " 3 = ?
(. These ta1e apart situations &an be used to show a the de&ompositions of a given number. The asso&iated e2uations$ whi&h have the tota on the
eft of the e2ua sign$ hep &hidren understand that the = sign does not aways mean +ma1es, or +resuts in,$ but aways means +is the same as.,
2. 3ither addend &an be un1nown$ so there are three variations of these probem situations. 4oth 5ddends 6n1nown is a produ&tive e7tension of
this basi& situation$ espe&iay for sma numbers ess than or e2ua to ('.
3. For the 4igger 6n1nown or Smaer 6n1nown situations$ one version dire&ts the &orre&t operation *the version using more for the bigger
un1nown and using fewer for the smaer un1nown-. The other versions are more diffi&ut.
). 8in1 shading represents probem types introdu&ed in 9indergarten. %rade ( and 2 students wor1 with a types and variants. %reen shading
represents subtypes that shoud be introdu&ed in %rade ( but need not be mastered unti %rade 2.
5dapted from 4o7 2#) of :athemati&s .earning in 3ary ;hidhood$ <ationa =esear&h ;oun&i *2''>$ pp. 32$ 33-.