B CNG THNG

TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP. H CH MINH

N 2B

M HNH H THNG CHIT

RT V NG NP CHAI NC
T NG
GVHD: Phan Hu Tc
SVTH:
Thnh Tam
Trn Quc Thng

TP. H Ch Minh 7/2014

11286191
11281531

 N CHUYN NGHNH

GVHD: Phan Hu Tc

LI CM N
Trong thi gian lm n, em nhn c nhiu s gip ,ng gp
kin v ch bo nhit tnh ca thy c, gia nh v bn b.
Em xin gi li cm n chn thnh n GVHD: Phan Hu Tc, ging vin
b mn in t - Trng i hc cng nghip TP. H Ch Minh ngi tn
tnh hng dn, ch bo em trong sut qu trnh lm n.
Em cng xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c gio trong trng i hc
cng nghip TP. H Ch Minh ni chung, cc thy c trong Khoa cng ngh
in t ni ring dy d cho em kin thc v cc mn i cng cng nh
cc mn chuyn
ngnh, gip em c c c s l thuyt vng vng v to iu kin gip
em trong sut qu t nh hc tp.
Cui cng, em xin chn thnh cm n gia nh v bn b, lun to
iu kin, quan tm, gip , ng vin em trong sut qu t nh hc tp v
hon thnh n ny.

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NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

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TP.HCM. Ngy.thngnm..
GVHD

Phan Hu Tc

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GVHD: Phan Hu Tc

NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN BIN

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TP.HCM. Ngy.thngnm..
GVPB

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Mc Lc
CHNG I: L THUYT CC THNH PHN LIN QUAN. .................................................... 6
1.1. PLC SIEMEN S7-1200. .......................................................................................................... 6
1.1.1. Khi nim chung PLC s7-1200. ...................................................................................... 6
1.1.2.

Nhng c im ni bt ca Simatic S7 1200. ....................................................... 7

1.1.3. Phm vi ng dng ca Simatic S2 1200: ....................................................................... 11

1.1.4. Cc chc nng ni bt ca CPU 1214C ......................................................................... 11
1.1.5. S u dy PLC CPU 1214C DC/DC/DC ................................................................ 11
1.1.6. Cu trc v nguyn l hot ng.................................................................................... 12
1.1.7. Cc tp lnh c bn trong PLC S7-1200 ....................................................................... 14
GII THIU V H THNG GIM ST SCADA. ..................................................... 21

1.2.

1.2.1.

Gii thiu chung v SCADA. .................................................................................. 21

1.2.2.

H thng SCADA dng phn mm WinCC 7.2 ca hng SIEMENS. .................... 22

NG C DC. ................................................................................................................ 24

1.3.
1.3.1

Nguyn l hot ng: ............................................................................................... 24

1.3.2

iu khin tc ng c DC. ................................................................................ 25

1.4.

H THNG KH NN: ................................................................................................... 25

1.4.1: Van o chiu................................................................................................................ 25

1.4.2. C cu chp hnh. .......................................................................................................... 28
1.5.

H THNG CC CM BIN. ....................................................................................... 30

1.5.1. Khi nim. .......................................................................................................................... 30

1.5.2. Phn loi cm bin. ........................................................................................................ 30
CHNG II. THIT K V THI CNG. ..................................................................................... 33
2.1.

THIT K PHN C KH. ............................................................................................ 33

2.1.1: Vn hnh ton h thng. ................................................................................................ 33

2.1.2: Vn hnh tng b phn. ................................................................................................. 34
2.2. CC LINH KIN S DNG TRONG N. ................................................................ 38
2.2.1: PLC ................................................................................................................................ 38
2.2.2: CM BIN. ................................................................................................................... 38
CHNG III. LU GII THUT .......................................................................................... 40
3.1. Lu gii thut. .............................................................................................................. 40

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CHNG I: L THUYT CC THNH PHN LIN QUAN.

1.1. PLC SIEMEN S7-1200.
1.1.1. Khi nim chung PLC s7-1200.
PLC vit tt ca Programmable Logic Controller l thit b iu khin lp
trnh c cho php thc hin linh hot cc thc ton iu khin logic thong qua
mt ngn ng lp trnh. ngi s dng c thlp trnh thc hin mt lot trnh t
cc s kin. Cc s kin ny c kch hot bi tc nhn kch thch tc ng vo
plc hoc qua cc hot ng c trnh thi gian nh k hay thi gian c m. Mt
khi s kin c kch hot tht s, n bt ON hay OFF cc thit b iu khin bn
ngoi c gi l thit b vt l. Mt b iu khin lp trnh s lin tc lp trong
chng trnh do ngi s dng lp ra ch tn hiu ng vo v xut tn hiu ng
ra ti cc thi im lp trnh.
khc phc nhng nhc im ca b iu khin dung dy ni, ngi ta
ch tao b iu khin plc nhm tho mn cc yu cu sau:

Lp trnh d dng, ngn ng lp trnh d hc

Gn nh, d bo qun, sa cha
Dung lng bnh ln c th cha c nhng chng trnh phc tp
Hon ton tin cy trong mi trng cng nghip
Giao tip c vi cc thit b thng minh khc nh my tnh, ni mng, cc
module m rng

Cc thit k u tin l nhm thay cho cc phn cng Relay dy ni v cc

logic thi gian. Tuy nhin bn canh vic i hi tng cng dung lng nh v
tnh d dng cho PLC m vn m bo tc x l cng nh gi c.
Chnh iu ny to ra s quan tm su sc n vic s dng PLC trong
cng nghip, cc tp lnh nhanh chng i t cc lnh logic n gin n cc lnh
m, nh thi, thanh ghi dch Spht trin cc my tnh dn n cc b PLC
cdung lng ln, s lng I/O nhiu hn.

Hnh 1: S ca h thng PLC

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Trong PLC phn cng CPU v chng trnh l n v c bn cho qu trnh

iu khin v x l hthng, chc nng m b iu khin cn thc hin s c xc
nh bng mt chng trnh. Chng trnh ny s c np sn vo b nh ca
PLC, PLC sthc hin vic iu khin da vo chng trnh ny. Nhvy nu
mun thay i hay m rng chc nng ca quy trnh cng ngh. Ta ch cn thay i
chng trnh bn trong b nh PLC. Vic thay i hay mrng chc nng s c
thc hin mt cch d dng m khng cn mt s can thip vt l no so vi cc b
dy ni hay Relay.
Cc dng sn phm ca SIEMENS

Hnh 2. Cc dng PLC ca hng SIEMENS

1.1.2. Nhng c im ni bt ca Simatic S7 1200.
Thit k dng Module.

Hnh 3: PLC S-1200 v cc Module m rng

Tch hp cng truyn thng Profinet (Ethernet) to sddng trong kt ni.
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Simatic S7 1200 vi Simatic HMI Basic c lp trnh chung trn mt nn

phn mm l TIA Portal V10.5 (Simatic Step 7 Basic, WinCC Basic) hoc version
cao hn. Cc thao tc lp trnh thc hin theo cch ko th, do to s d dng
cho ngi s dng, lp trnh nhanh chng, n gin, chnh xc trong s truyn
thng kt ni theo tags.
Tch hp sn cc u vo ra, cng vi cc board tn hiu, khi cn m rng
ng dng vi s lng u vo ra t s tit kim c chi ph, khng gian v
phn cng.
D dng cho ngi s dng sn phm trong vic mua gi thit b.

Hnh 4: Gii thiu v PLC v cc Module m rng

a. Board tn hiu ca S7-1200
Board tn hiu mt dng module m rng tn hiu vo/ra vi s lng tn
hiu t, gip tit kim chi ph cho cc ng dng yu cu mrng s lng tn
hiu t
Gm cc board:
1 cng tn hiu ra analog 12 bit (0-10VDC, 0-20mA)

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Hnh 6 : Cu to board tn hiu v thng s

b. Modules mrng tn hiu vo/ra.
Cc module m rng tn hiu vo/ra c gn trc tip vo pha bn phi ca
CPU. Vi di rng cc loi module tn hiu vo/ra sv analog, gip linh hot trong
s dng S7-1200. Tnh a dng ca cc module tn hiu vo/ra s c tip tc pht
trin.

Hnh 7 : Module m rng cc cng I/O ca S7-1200.

c. Module Analog
SM tn hiu module cho cc u vo v u ra Analog (cho CPU 1212C ti
a ca 2 SM c th s dng, cho 1214C ti a l 8)

Hnh 8 : Module Analog cho S7-1200

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d. Module truyn thng

+ Giao tip vi RS 232/RS 485

Hnh 9 : Cc Module truyn thng cho S7-1200.

e. Th nh.
SIMATIC th nh 2MB hoc 24MB cho cc chng trnh lu tr d liu
v thay th CPU n gin bo tr.

Hnh 10 : Th nh dng trong PLC S7-1200.

f. Module ngun
S dng module ngun PM 1207 c cc thng s: Input: 120/230V AC
50/60Hz, 1.2A/0.7A Output: 24V DC / 2.5A.

Hnh 11: Module Ngun.

g. Switch
+ Module CSM1277 c 4 cng cm RJ45, tc 10/100Mb/s
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Hnh 12: Module Switch.

1.1.3. Phm vi ng dng ca Simatic S2 1200:
S7 1200 bao gm cc h CPU 1211C, 1212C, 1214C. Mi loi CPU c
nhng tnh nng khc nhau, thch hp cho tng loi ng dng.
Cc kiu cp ngun v u vo ra c th l DC/DC/DC hay DC/DC/Rly
u c khe cm th nh, dng cho khi m rng b nh cho CPU, copy
chng trnh ng dng hay cp nht firmware.
Chn on li online/offline.
Mt ng h thi gian thc cho cc ng dng thi gian thc
1.1.4. Cc chc nng ni bt ca CPU 1214C
C 6 b m tc cao HSC dng cho cc ng dng m v o lng.
C 2 ng ra PTO 100kHz iu khin tc , ng c bc hay servo.
C ng ra PWM iu ch rng xung cho cc ng dng iu khin tc
ng c, valve, nhit .
C 16 b iu khin PID vi tnh nng t ng xc nh thng s cho b
iu khin (Autotuning)
1.1.5. S u dy PLC CPU 1214C DC/DC/DC

Hnh 13: S u dy cho PLC s7-1200.

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1.1.6. Cu trc v nguyn l hot ng

1.1.6.1.Cu trc
Tt c PLC u c thnh phn chnh l mt b nh chng trnh RAM bn
trong, mt b vi x l c cng giao tip dng cho vic ghp ni vi PLC, cc
module I/O.
Bn cnh , mt s PLC hon chnh cn i km theo mt n v lp trnh
bng tay hay bng my tnh. Hu ht cc n v lp trnh n gin u c RAM
cha ng chng trinh di dng hon thin hay b sung. Nu n v lp trnh
l n v sch tay, RAM thng l loi CMOS c pin d phng, ch khi no chng
trnh c kim tra v sn sang s dng th n mi truyn sang b nh PLC. i
vi cc PLC ln thng lp trnh trn my tnh nhm htrcho vit, c v kim tra
chng trnh. Cc n v lp trnh ni vi PLC qua cng RS232, RS422, RS458.
1.1.6.2. Nguyn l hot ng ca PLC
CPU iu khin cc hot ng bn trong PLC. B x l s c v kim tra
chng trnh c cha trong b nh, sau s thc hin tng lnh trong chng
trnh, s ng hay ngt cc u ra. Cc trng thi ng ra y c pht ti cc thit b
lin kt thc thi v ton b cc hoat ng thc thi u ph thuc vo chng
trnh iu khin c gi trong b nh.
H thng bus l tuyn dng truyn tn hiu, h thng gm nhiu ng tn
hiu song song:
Address bus: Bus a ch dng truyn a ch ti cc module khc nhau
Data bus: Bus dng truyn d liu
Control bus: Bus iu khin dung truyn cc tn hiu nh th v iu
khin ng b cc hot ng trong PLC.
H thng Bus s lm nhim v trao i thng tin gia CPU, bnh v I/O.
Bn cnh CPU c cung cp mt xung clock c tn s t 1, 8 Mhz.
Xung ny quyt nh tc hot ng ca PLC v cung cp cc yu t v nh thi,
ng h ca hthng.
1.1.6.3. n tn hiu PLC .
C 3 loi n bo hot ng:
Run/stop: n xanh/n vng bo hiu PLC ang hot ng/dng hot ng
Error: n bo li
Maint: n bo khi ta buc (Force) a ch no ln 1
C 2 loi n ch th:
Ix.x: Ch trng thi logic ng vo.
Qx.x: Ch trng thi logic ng ra.

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1.1.6.4. B nh PLC.
PLC thng yu cu b nh trong cc trng hp: Lm b nh thi cho cc
knh trng thi I/O. Lm b m trng thi cc chc nng trong PLC nh nh thi,
m, gi cc Relay.
Mi lnh ca chng trnh c mt v tr ring trong bnh, tt c cc v tr
trong b nh u c nh s, nhng s ny chnh l a ch trong b nh. a ch
ca tng nh s c tr n bi mt b m a ch nm bn trong b vi x l.
B vi x l s c gi tr trong b m ny thm mt trc khi x l lnh tip
theo.
Vi mt a ch mi, ni dung ca nh tng ng s xut hin u ra,
qu trnh ny gi l qu trnh c.
B nh bn trong ca PLC c to bi vi mch bn dn, mi vi mch ny
c kh nng cha 2000-16000 dng lnh tu theo loi vi mch trong PLC cc
bnh nh RAM v EPROM u c s dng.
RAM c th np chng trnh, thay i hay xo b ni dung bt k lc no,
ni dung ca RAM s b mt nu ngun in nui b mt. trnh tnh trng
ny cc PLC u c trang b pin kh c kh nng cung cp nng lng d
tr cho RAM t vi thng n vi nm. Trong thc t RAM c dng khi
to v kim tra chng trnh. Khuynh hng hin nay dung CMOSRAM do
kh nng tiu th thp v tui th cao
EPROM l b nh m ngi s dng bnh thng c th c ch khng ghi
ni dung vo c, ni dung ca EPROM khng b mt khi mt ngun, n
c gn sn trong my, dc nh sn xut np v cha sn h iu hnh.
Nu ngi s dng khng mun s dng b nh th ch dng EPROM gn
bn trong PLC.
Trn PG c sn ch ghi v xo EPROM
EEEPROM lin kt vi nhng truy xut linh ng ca RAM v c tnh n
nh. Ni dung ca n c th xo v lp trnh bng in tuy nhin s ln l c
gii hn.

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1.1.7. Cc tp lnh c bn trong PLC S7-1200

K hiu

Tham
S

Kiu d Miu t
liu

IN

BOOL

Cng t c
Cng tc thng ng hay thng m.
Cc vng nh c th s dng l I, Q, M,
D.
c th c ngay lp tc ng vo c th
s ng vo vt l thay v bin qu trnh.

Lnh logic NOT

IN/OUT BOOL

o trng thi ng vo/ra

Cun Coil

OUT
OUT

Trng thi ng ra l kt qu x l ca
php ton logic ton logic

BOOL
BOOL

o kt qung ra ca php ton logic.

Lnh Set v Reset

K hiu

Tham
s

Kiu
liu

Miu t

Lnh Set v Reset 1 bit

OUT
OUT

BOOL
BOOL

Khi lnh Set c tc ng th a ch

ng ra s c t ln 1.
Khi lnh Reset c tc ng th a
ch ng ra s c tr v 0.

Lnh Set v Reset nhiu bit

OUT

BOOL

Khi lnh SET_BF c tc ng, mt

chui gm n bit s c t ln 1 bt
u ti a chOUT.

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Khi lnh RESET_BF c tc ng,

mt chui gm n bit s c trv1
bt u ti a chOUT.
OUT BOOL
Lnh SR v RS fliplop
S1, R

BOOL

OUT

BOOL

R,S1

BOOL

OUT

BOOL

Mch cht RS u tin Set

Mch cht SR u tin Reset

Lnh nhn bit xung cnh ln P v xung cnh xung N

K hiu

Tham Kiu
s
liu

Miu t
Nhn bit xung cnh ln v cnh xung
Pht hin sthay i trng thi ca 1 tn hiu
vn hnh (IN) t0->1 (Thay i trng thi tn
hiu pha trc khng nh hng g n IN).
Khi ng ra mc 1, tt ctrng hp cn li
u mc 0. trng thi ca IN s c lu tr
trong M_BIT
IN

IN

BOOL

BOOL
Pht hin sthay i trng thi ca 1 tn hiu
vn hnh (IN) t1->0 (Thay i trng thi tn
hiu pha trc khng nh hng g n IN).

OUT

BOOL

Khi ng ra mc 1, tt ctrng hp cn li
u mc 0. trng thi ca IN s c lu tr
trong M_BIT

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Nu c s thay i ti RLO t 0->1 th bin

nh OUT s c set ln 1 cho 1 chu
kchng trnh cc trng hp cn li OUT
u bng 0, M_BIT lu li trng thi ca
OUT.
OUT

BOOL

Lnh P_TRIG v N_TRIG

BOOL

Khi ng vo clk c sthay i trng thi

logic t 0->1 s pht ra 1 xung ng thi
trng thi ca tn hiu lc ny s c lu
li vo M_BIT

BOOL

Khi ng vo clk c sthay i trng thi

logic t1->0 spht ra 1 xung ng thi
trng thi ca tn hiu lc ny s c lu
li vo M_BIT

Lnh Timer.
Sdng lnh Timer to 1 chng trnh tr nh thi. Slng ca Timer
ph thuc vo ngi s dng v slng vng nh ca CPU. Mi timer s dng 16
byte IEC_Timer d liu kiu cu trc DB. Setp 7 t ng to khi DB khi ly khi
Timer.
Kch thc v tm ca kiu d liu Time 32bit, lu tr l d liu Dint.
Tham s

Kiu d liu

Miu t
Ng vo cho php
timer hot ng.

IN
R

Bool
Bool

PT

Time

Thi gian t trc

Bool

Ng ra

ET

Time

Thi gian thc hin

Reset timer

Timer TP-Timer to xung

Timer TP to mt chui xung vi rng xung t trc. Thay i PT, IN
khng nh hng khi timer ang chy. Khi u vo IN c tc ng vo Timer s
to ra 1 xung c rng bng thi gian t PT.
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Hnh 14: Nguyn l hot ng Timer xung

Timer TON Timer tr sn ln c nh.

Khi ng vo IN c tc ng v duy tr trng thi lin tc vi thi gian hn
thi gian t th ng ra Q s chuyn ln mc 1. Khi ng vo ngng tc ng th
reset v dng hot ng Timer.
Thay i PT khi Timer ang chy khng nh hng ti Timer

Hnh 15: Nguyn l hot ng ca Timer tr sn ln c nh.

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 N CHUYN NGHNH

Tham Khai
s
bo
IN

Input

GVHD: Phan Hu Tc

Kiu d
liu

Vng nh
BOOL I, Q, M, D, L
I, Q, M, D, L
or constant

PT
Q

Input
TIME
Output BOOL I, Q, M, D, L

ET

Output TIME

I, Q, M, D, L

M t
Ng vo
Gi trca tham s PT
phi l tch cc
u ra c thit lp khi
thi gian PT ht.
Gi trthi gian hin ti

Timer TOF Timer tr sn xung

Khi ng vo tc ng th timer s tc ng v tip im thng h ca timer s
chuyn trng thi ln 1. Khi ng vo ngng tc ng th sau khong thi gian PT th
timer s ngng tc ng.

Hnh 16: Nguyn l hot ng ca Timer tr sn xung.

Timer TONR Timer tr sn ln c nh

Khi tng th tc ng ca ng vo ln hn hay bng thi gian t PT th Timer s
c tc ng v tip im thng m ca Timer s chuyn ln mc 1. V khi
trng thi Reset ca Timer b tc ng th Timer ngng hot ng v b Reset li.
V d:

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Hnh 17: V d Timer tr sn ln c nh

Counter
Lnh c dng im cc skin ngoi hay cc skin qu trnh trong
PLC. Mi Counter sdng cu trc lu tr ca khi dliu DB lm d liu
ca Counter. Step 7 t ng to DB khi ly lnh.
Tham s

Kiu d liu

Miu t

CU, CD

Bool

m ln hay m xung

Bool

Reset gi tr m v 0

LOAD (CTD, CTUD)

Bool

Load gi tr t trc

SInt, Int, DInt, Int,

PV

Gi tr m t trc

Q, QU

UInt, UDInt
Bool

Mc 1 nu CV>=PV

QD

Bool

Mc 1 nu CV<=0

SInt, Int, DInt, Int,

CV

Gi tr m hin hnh

UInt, UDInt
Counter m ln CTU
Gi trb m CV tng ln 1 khi tnh hiu ng vao CU chuyn t 0->1. Ng
ra Q tc ng ln 1 khi CV>=PV. Nu trng thi R = reset c tc ng th b m
CV=0

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V d:

Hnh 17: Nguyn l hot ng ca Counter m ln.

Counter m xung CTD
Gi tr b m CV c gim 1 khi tnh hiu ng vo CD chuyn t 0->1.
Ng ra Q tc ng ln 1 khi CV<=0. Nu trng thi Load c tc ng th CV =
PV.

Hnh 18: Nguyn l hot ng ca Counter m xung.

Counter m ln xung CTUD
Gi tr b m CV c tng ln 1 khi tn hiu ng vo CU chuyn t0->1.
Ng vo QU c tc ng ln 1 khi CV>=PV. Nu trng thi R = Reset c tc
ng th b m CV= 0.
Gi tr b m CV c gim 1 khi tn hiu ng vo CD chuyn t0->1. Ng
ra QD c tc ng ln 1 khi CV<=0. Nu trng thi Load c tc ng th
CV=PV.

Hnh 18: Nguyn l hot ng ca Counter m ln xung.

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1.2.

GVHD: Phan Hu Tc

GII THIU V H THNG GIM ST SCADA.

1.2.1. Gii thiu chung v SCADA.

H thng SCADA l vit tt ca (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition.
Hiu theo ngha truyn thng l mt h thng iu khin gim st v thu thp d
liu. Nhm h tr con ngi trong qu trnh gim st v iu khin t xa. Tuy
nhin, trong thc t c mt s h thng vn thng c gi l SCADA, mc d
nhng h thng ny ch thc hin duy nht mt chc nng l thu thp d liu.
Cc thnh phn ca h thng:
o
o
o
o

Trm iu khin gim st trung tm.

Trm thu thp d liu trung gian.
H thng truyn thng.
Giao din ngi - my HMI.

C ch thu thp d liu.

Trong h SCADA, qu trnh thu thp d liu c thc hin trc tin qu
trnh cc RTU qut thng tin c c t cc thit b chp hnh ni vi chng. Thi
gian thc thi nhim v ny c gi l thi gian qut bn trong. Cc my ch
qut cc RTU (vi tc chm hn) thu thp d liu t cc RTU ny.
iu khin, cc my ch s gi tn hiu yu cu xung cc RTU, t
cho php cc RTU gi tn hiu iu khin trc tip xung cc thit b chp hnh
thc thi nhim v.
X l d liu.
D liu truyn ti trong h SCADA c th l dng lin tc (anlog), dng s
(digital) hay dng xung (pulse).
Giao din c s vn hnh ti cc thit b u cui l mt mn hnh giao
din ha GUI (Graphical User Interface) dng hin th ton b h thng iu
khin gim st hoc cc thit b trong h thng. Ti mt thi im, d liu c
hin th di dng hnh nh tnh, khi d liu thay i th hnh nh ny cng thay i
theo.
Trong trng hp d liu ca h thng bin i lin tc theo thi gian, h
SCADA thng hin th qu trnh thay i d liu ny trn mn hnh giao din
ha (GUI) di dng th.

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1.2.2. H thng SCADA dng phn mm WinCC 7.2 ca hng SIEMENS.

1.2.2.1: Gii thiu v phn mm WinCC.
WinCC (Windows Control Center) l mt phn chuyn dng xy dng
giao din iu khin (Human Machine Interface), x l v lu tr d liu cho mt h
thng SCADA trn nn Windows (WinNT, WinXP, WinVista 32bit ...). WinCC l
sn phm m Siemens thu Microsoft xy dng v hin ti bn mi nht l bn
WinCC 7. V v vy m WinCC tha hng b quyt ca Siemens - mt cng ty
hng u trong lnh vc t ng ha qu trnh v nng lc ca Microsoft cng ty
hng u trong lnh vc pht trin phn mm cho PC. WinCC c th d dng tch
hp trong cc h thng c quy m ln nh khc nhau v c nhng h thng cp cao
nh MES (Manufacturing Excution System - h thng qun l vic thc hin sn
xut) v ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning). Thc t th WinCC v ang c
ng dng trn khp cc h thng ca Siemens trn ton cu.
1.2.2.2. Cc c im chnh ca WinCC:
WinCC s dng cc cng ngh v phn mm tin tin do Microsoft lun l
ngi dn u trong pht trin cng ngh phn mm.
WinCC c th m rng mt h thng t n gin n phc tp mt cch linh
hot, t h thng vi mt my tnh gim st ti h thng vi nhiu my tnh gim
st hay h thng c tnh phn tn vi nhiu my ch
WinCC c hng lot cc module phn mm km theo gip nh hng theo
tng loi ng dng c pht trin sn ngi dng la chn khi cn
Tch hp trong cc b WinCC thng c cc h qun tr c s d liu
ODBC/SQL nh Sysbase SQL hay SQL Server (v d SQL Server2005 trong
WinCC 7). V c th d dng truy cp ti CSDL ca h thng bng ngn ng SQL
hoc ODBC.
WinCC cng c tch hp cc giao din chun nh DDE v OLE ... dng
chuyn i cc chng trnh chy trn nn Windows. Cc tnh nng khc nh
ActiveX control v OPC server cng c tch hp sn trong WinCC
lp trnh s kin th WinCC h tr ngn ng lp trnh chun ANSI- C v
VBScripts (WinCC 7)
Tt c cc module ca WinCC giao din m cho giao din lp trnh dng
ngn ng C (C-API: Application Programming Interface). iu ny c ngha l c
th tch hp c cu hnh ca WinCC c c cc hm thc hin (runtime) vo mt
chng trnh ca ngi s dng
C th ci t trc tuyn WinCC bng vic dng thut s ci t (Setup
Wizards)
WinCC h tr a ngn ng nh Anh, Php, c v thm ch c mt s ngn
ng chu , M cng c tch hp lm ngn ng s dng
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WinCC h tr hu ht cc loi PLC do n gn sn cc knh truyn thng

giao tip cc loi PLC ca Siemens nh S5,S7,505 cng nh thng qua cc giao
thc chung nh Profibus DP, DDE hay OPC. Thm vo cc chun thng tin
khc cng c sn hay c la chn b sung
WinCC l phn t SCADA trong h thng PCS7 ca Siemens (l mt h
thng iu khin qu trnh, mt gii php t ng ha c tch hp ton din).

Hnh 19. Giao din h thng phn mm WinCC.

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1.3.

GVHD: Phan Hu Tc

NG C DC.

ng c DC l ng c in hot ng vi dong in mt chiu. ng c in mt

chiu ng dng rng ri trong cc ng dng dn dng cng nh cng nghip.
Thng thng ng c in mt chiu ch chy mt tc duy nht khi ni vi
ngun in, tuy nhin vn c th iu khin tc v chiu quay ca ng c vi
s h tr ca cc mch in t cng phng php PWM.
ng c in mt chiu dng trong dn dng thng l cc ng c hot ng vi
in p thp dng vi ti nh. Trong cng nghip, ng c in mt chiu c s
dng nhng ni yu cu moment m my ln hoc yu cu thay i tc trong
phm vi rng. y ta ch nghin cu ng c DC trong dn dng ch hot ng
vi in p 24V tr xung.
Cu to:
Mt ng c DC gm 6 phn c bn:
-

Phn ng hay Rotor

Nam chm to t trng hay Stator
C gp
Chi than
Trc motor
B phn cung cp dng in DC.

Hnh 20: Cu to ng c DC.

1.3.1 Nguyn l hot ng:

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Khi c m dng in chy qua cun day qun xung quanh mt li st, cnh
pha bn cc dng s b tc ng bi mt lc hng ln, trong khi cnh i
din li b tc ng bng mt lc hng xung theo nguyn l bn tay tri
ca Fleming. Cc lc ny gy tc ng quay ln cun dy, v lm cho Rotor
quay. lm cho rotor quay lin tc v ng chiu, mt b c gp in s
lm chuyn mch dng in sau mi v tr ng vi chu k. Ch c vn
l khi mt ca cun dy song song vi cc ng sc t trng. Ngha l lc
quay ca ng c bng 0 khi cun dy lch 900 so vi phng ban u ca
n, khi rotor s quay theo qun tnh. Tng tc gia dng in phn ng
v t thng kch thch to thnh momen t in t. Do phn ng s c
quay quanh trc.
1.3.2 iu khin tc ng c DC.
Thng thng, tc quay cua mt ng c in mt chiu t l vi in p t
vo n, v ngu lc quay t l vi dng in. C nhiu phng php thay i
tc ng c DC, y ta s dng phng php iu khin thng thng nht
l thay i in p t vo ng c.
1.4.

H THNG KH NN:

1.4.1: Van o chiu.

Van o chiu c nhim v iu khin dng nng lng bng cch ng, m
hay chuyn i v tr, thay i hng ca dng nng lng.
Nguyn l hot ng ca van o chiu.

Hnh 21: Nguyn l ca Van o chiu.

Khi cha c tn hiu tc ng vo ca (12), th ca (1) b chn v ca (2) ni
vi ca (3). Khi c tn hiu tc ng vo ca (12) (kh nn), lc ny nng van s
dch chuyn v pha bn phi, ca (1) ni vi ca (2) v ca (3) b chn. Trng
hp tn hiu tc ng vo ca (12) mt i, di tc dng ca lc l xo, nng van tr
v v tr ban u.
K hiu van o chiu
Chuyn i v tr ca nng van -c biu din bng cc vung lin nhau
vi cc ch ci 0, a, b, c, ... hay cc s 0, 1, 2, ..
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V tr 0 c k hiu l v tr, m khi van ch-a c tc ng ca tn hiu

ngoi vo.
i vi van c 3 v tr, th v tr gia l v tr 0, cn i vi van c 2 v tr,
th v tr 0 c th l a hoc b, thng v tr b l v tr 0.

Bn trong vung ca mi v tr l cc -ng thng c hnh mi tn, biu

din hng chuyn ng ca dng kh qua van. Trng hp dng b chn, c
biu din bng du gch ngang.

Hnh 22: Nguyn tc hot ng ca Van o chiu

Mt s van o chiu thng gp:

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Hnh 23: Cc van o chiu thng gp

Cc tn hiu tc ng
Nu k hiu l xo nm ngay pha bn phica k hiu ca van o chiu, th
van o chiu c v tr 0. iu c ngha l chng no cha c tc dng vo
nng van, th l xo tc ng gi v tr . Tc ng pha i din ca van, v d: tn
hiu tc ng bng c, bng kh nn hay bng in gi vung pha tri ca van v
c k hiu 1.
a. Tn hiu tc ng bng tay

Hnh 24: K hiu cc tn hiu tc ng bng tay.

b. Tn hiu tc ng bng c.

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Hnh 25: K hiu cc tn hiu tc ng bng c hc.

c. Tn hiu tc ng bng kh nn.

Hnh 26: K hiu cc tn hiu tc ng bng kh nn.

d. Tn hiu tc ng bng nam chm in.

Hnh 27: K hiu cc tn hiu tc ng bng nam chm in.

1.4.2. C cu chp hnh.
C cu chp hnh c nhim v bin i nng lng kh nn thnh nng lng c
hc. C cu chp hnh c th thc hin chuyn ng thng (xilanh) hoc chuyn
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ng quay (ng c kh nn). trng thi lm vic n nh,th kh nng truyn

nng lng c phng php tnh ton ging thy lc.

Mt s xilanh, ng c kh nn thng gp:

Hnh 28: Xilanh tc dng n (tc dng mt chiu)

Hnh 29: Xilanh tc dng hai chiu (tc dng kp)

Hnh 30: Xilanh tc dng hai chiu c c cu gim chn khng iu chnh c

Hnh 31: Xilanh tc dng hai chiu c c cu gim chn iu chnh c.

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Hnh 32: Xilanh quay bng thanh rng.

Hnh 33: ng c kh nn 1 chiu, 2 chiu

1.5.

H THNG CC CM BIN.

1.5.1. Khi nim.

Cm bin l thit b dng cm nhn bin i cc i lng vt l v cc
i lng khng c tnh cht in cn o thnh cc i lng c th o v x
l c.
Cc i lng o (M) thng khng c tnh cht in (nh nhit , p sut,
trng lng) tc ng ln cm bin cho ta i lng c trng (S) mang
tnh cht in nh (nh in tch, in p, dng in hay tr khng) cha
ng thng tin cho php xc nh gi tr ca i lng .
c trng (s) l hm ca i lng cn o (M)
S = F(M)
Ngi ta gi (S) l i lng u ra hoc phn ng ca cm bin. (M) l i
lng u vo hay kch thch ( c ngun gc i lng cn o). Thng qua
o c (S) cho php nhn bit gi tr (M)
1.5.2. Phn loi cm bin.
Cc b cm bin c phn loi theo c trng sau y:
Theo nguyn l chuyn i gia p ng kch thch.
o Vt l: Nhit in, quang in, quang t, in t,
o Ha hc: Bin i in ha, bin i ha hc, phn tch ph.
o Sinh hc: Bin i sinh ha,
Phn loi theo dng kch thch.
o m thanh: Bin pha, phn cc, ph, tc truyn sng,
o in: in tch, dng in, in th, n trng, in dn, hng s
in mi,.
o T: T trng, t thng, cng in trng, t thm,.
o Quang: Bin,pha, phn cc, ph, tc truyn,
o C: V tr, lc, p sut,.
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Theo tnh nng ca b cm bin.

o chnh xc
o phn gii
o chn lc
o tuyn tnh
o Cng sut tiu th
o Di tn
o tr
Phn loi theo phm vi s dng
o Cng nghip
o Nghin cu khoa hc
o Mi trng, kh tng
o Thng tin, vin thng
o Nng nghip
o Dn dng
o V tr
o Qun s
Phn loi theo thng s, m hnh mch thay th.
o Cm bin tch cc u ra l ngun p, ngun dng (NPN, PNP)
o Cm bin th ng c c trng bi thng s R, L, C, M..tuyn
tnh hoc phi tuyn
o ng cong chun ca cm bin l ng cong c biu din s
ph thuc vo i lng in (S) u ra ca cm bin vo gi tr ca
i lng o (m) u vo.
b. Mt vi loi cm bin thng s dng.
Cm bin tim cn.
c im:
-

Pht hin vt khng cn tip xc

Tc p ng nhanh
u cm bin nh c th lp t nhiu ni
C th s dng trong mi trng khc nghit

C hai loi cm bin tim cn:

Cm bin t.
Cm bin in dung.
o Cm ng T.
- Nguyn Tc Hot ng:
- T trng do cun dy ca sensor to ra s thay i khi tng tc vi
vt th kim loi (do ch pht hin c vt th kim loi).

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Hnh 34: Nguyn tc hot ng cm bin t

o Cm ng in Dung
- Nguyn Tc Hot ng:
- Pht hin theo nguyn tc tnh in (s thay i in dung gia vt
cm bin v u sensor), c th pht hin tt c vt

Hnh 35: Nguyn tc hot ng cm bin in dung.

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CHNG II. THIT K V THI CNG.

2.1.

THIT K PHN C KH.

2.1.1: Vn hnh ton h thng.

Hnh 36: S vn hnh h thng

-

Bt cng tc ngun h thng c in, h thng sn sng bt u hot ng.

Nhn Start th h thng s bt u hot ng.
Khi nhn stop h thng s ngng hot ng.
Nhn Reset h thng hot ng li t u.

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2.1.2: Vn hnh tng b phn.

2.1.2.1. B phn lt v ra chai.

Hnh 37: C cu lt v ra chai

-

Khi chai qua v tr cm bin m cb1 khi m s lng. Van 2 ng

Xylanh 1 ngn cho chai tip theo i vo, sau Van 1 iu khin Xylanh kp
chai li , Van 5 thu v m ca chn cho h thng lt chai. Motor 4 quay
thun n khi chm cng tc hnh trnh th dng li. Motor bm nc s
bm ra chai trong 2 s.
Sau 2s motor 4 s quay ngc li a chai v bng ti. Khi chm cng tc
hnh trnh th motor 4 dng li. Van 1 thu li th chai ra v ng thi Van
5 ng li a chai ch li bng chuyn, sau mt khong thi gian delays,
cho chai n nh trn bng truyn. Van 3 thu v a chai qua cng on
tip theo. Sau khi cm bin m CB2 m s lng chai qua s ng
Van 3 ng thi Van 2 thu v a chai tip tc vo b phn ra chai.
Trong sut qu trnh hot ng 2 bng ti lin tc hot ng.

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2.1.2.2. :B phn rt nc vo chai.

Hnh 38 : c cu rt nc vo chai
-

Sau khi chai c ra s di chuyn ti b phn rt nc . khi cm bin b

phn rt nc nhn c chai. Motor 2 iu khin mm chuyn dng li,
Motor 8 l m motor bm nc s rt nc vo chai, sau mt khong thi
gian delays, nc vo y chai. Khi y chai th Motor 2 tip tc hot
ng a chai n v tr ca b phn tip theo.

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2.1.2.3: B phn cp np:

Hnh 39: C cu cp np
-

Sau khi c rt y nc, chai c a ti b phn cp np.

B phn cp np gm mt hp cha np. Sau khi np a vo hp, DC s
hot ng a lp ti b phn phn loi np. B phn phn loi gm cc
kt cu c kh, khi np khng t yu cu s rt v hp ng di. Cc np
t s c a xung sn sng c a vo chai. Cc lp khng t s
c a ln bng tay.
Sau khi np c phn loi, np s di chuyn theo thanh b phn cp np,
i xung v tr khi chai nc i qua s chm vo b phn ly np, v ng
thi ko theo mt np. B phn cp np s cp mt np tip tc cp np
cho chai tip theo.

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2.1.2.4: B phn ng np.

Hnh 40: C cu ng np
-

Sau khi chai c cp np s di chuyn ti b phn ng np, khi cm bin

b phn ng np pht hin c chai. Motor 2 s ngng li di Xylanh
ng np, b phn ng np s c h xung motor 5 trn b phn ng
np s hot ng sit cht np vo chai.Sau khong thi gian Delays xylanh
ng np s c i ln bng truyn tip tc hot ng, a chai qua b phn
tip theo.

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2.2. CC LINH KIN S DNG TRONG N.

2.2.1: PLC
S dng PLC Siemens S7-1200 CPU 1214DC/DC/DC
-

C 14 ng vo/ 10 Ng ra
in p ngun ni 24VDC
- in p ng ra 24VDC

Hnh 41: PLC S7-1200 CPU 1214 DC/DC/DC

2.2.2: CM BIN.

ER-18.

Hnh 42. Cm bin quang Aotoro ER-18

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CHNG III. LU GII THUT

3.1. Lu gii thut phn lt ra.

Start

TM1=1

BNG TI = 1

DONGCO40=1
BM (MT7=0)

N
HT=1

CT1 = 3
Y

VAN5=0
VAN1=0
DONG CO 4L =0

VAN5=1
VAN1=1
DONG CO 4L =1

TM2=1

HT2 = 1

VAN3=1

BM
MT7=1
CT2=1

VAN3=0

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3.2. LU GII THUT PHN RT NC V NG NP.

Lu phn ng rt nc v chai.

START

N
CB3=1
Y
BM
MT8 =1

N
TM3=1
Y
BM
MT8 =0

N
TM4=1
Y

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LU PHN NG NP.

START

N
CB4=1
Y
VAN 4 =1
MT5 = 1

N
TM5=1
Y
VAN 4 = 0
MT5 = 0
0
N
TM6=1
Y

Page | 42