46.

3% of our patients had comorbid diabetes and hypertension, febrile illness and infection were
found to the most common causative factor.




Patient Demographics
Age <40
Age 41-60
Age > 60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Possible causative factors that could have
lead to delirium
Possible causative factors that
lead to delirium

13.9% of our patients had comorbid mental illness. 14.8% had past history of delirium and 49 out of
108 had a history of substance abuse.


Patients belonging to the hyperactive group had higher DRS scores.



Comorbid psychiatric conditions
History of mental illness
Alcohol abuse
Tobacco and Alcohol Abuse
Past history of delirium
Suicide
NO psychiatric comorbids
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
12-16 17 - 21 22-26 27-33
Hyper
Hypo
Mixed

SUTYPE FREQUENCY PERCENT
Hyperactive 43 39.8 %
Hypoactive 30 27.8 %
Mixed 35 32.4 %
Total 108 100 %
Proportion of hypoactive, hyperactive and mixed subtypes.



Orientation to
person
Subtype Impaired Not impaired P value
Hyper 33 10 0.000
Hypo 9 21
MIxed 9 26






0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Hyper Hypo MIxed
Impaired
Not impaired
Thought
abnormalities
Subtype Impaired Not impaired P value
Hyper 37 6 0.000
Hypo 4 26
Mixed 13 22





0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Hyper Hypo Mixed
Impaired
Not impaired
0
5
10
15
20
25
Hyper Hypo Mixed
Visual halluci nations
Auditory hallucinations
Both
Perceptual
abnormalities
Visual
hallucinations
Auditory
hallucinations
Both P
value
Hyper 8 12 20 0.000
Hypo 2 1 1
Mixed 4 12 2
Liver function parameters were significant within hyperactive and hypoactive subtypes.
Liver function test
abnormalities.
Hyper 43
Hypo 30
Mixed 35


Distribution of delirum subtypes in patients with substance abuse

More number of patients with substance abuse fell into the hyperactive group.

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Hyper Hypo Mixed
Liver function abnormalities
Liver function abnormali ties
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Alcohol Alcohol + Tobacco None
Hyper
Hypo
Mixed
Variation of clinical signs with substance abuse.


Orientation to
place
Substance Impaired Not impaired P value
Alcohol 18 1 0.032
Alcohol+Tobacco 30 0
None 49 10


Orientation to
person
Alcohol 12 7 0.010
Alcohol+Tobacco 19 11
None 20 39


Recent
memory
Alcohol 14 5 0.017
Alcohol+Tobacco 30 0
None 47 12


Thought
disorder
Alcohol 10 9 0.000
Alcohol+Tobacco 27 3
None 17 42




0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Alcohol Alcohol +Tobacco None
Visual halluci nations
Auditory hallucinations
Not Present
Both
Perceptual
abnormalities
Substance Visual
hallucinati
ons
Auditory
hallucin
ations
Not
Present
Both P
value
Alcohol 2 4 8 5 0.000
Alcohol+Tobacco 6 8 3 13
None 6 13 35 5
Most of our patients were aged between 41-60 years. 65.7% of were admitted in the ICU. 46.3% had
comorbid diabetes and hypertension. 13.9% had comorbid medical illness, 14.8% had a past history
of delirium and 49 out of 108 patients had a history of substance abuse. Febrile illness and infection
seemed to be the most common causative factor in causing delirium. Patents belonging to the
hyperactive subtype had higher DRS scores. 39.8% of patients satisfied criteria for the hyperactive
group. Orientation to person, thought and perceptual abnormalities were found to be higher in the
hyperactive subtype. Significant differences in liver function parameters were found within the
hyperactive and hypoactive subtypes. Patients who were substance users had deranged liver and
electrolyte values in comparison with others. More number of patients with substance abuse fell
into the hyperactive subtype. Patients with renal disease and febrile illness fell into the mixed
subtype, diabetics fell into the hypoactive subtype. Disorientation to person, recent memory
impairment, thought and perceptual abnormalities were more common in patients with substance
abuse and hepatic impairment.


0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Hyperactive Hypoactive Mixed Total
Proportion of Subtypes
Proportion of Subtypes