Phát Âm Tiếng Anh LINH

Bi 1 - Long vowel /i:/ (Nguyn m di /i:/ )
Unit 1:
Long vowel /i:/
Nguyn m di /i:/

Introduction

Cch pht m: li a hng ln trn v ra pha trc,khong cch mi trn v di
hp, m rng ming sang 2 bn. Khi pht m m ny, ming hi b mt cht, ging nh
ang mm ci vy.

/i/ is a long vowel sound.
Make your mouth wide, like a smile /i/
Your tongue touches the sides of your teeth /i/.
It's pronounced /i/.../i/
Sheep /ip /
See /si/
Bean /bin/
Eat /it/
Key /ki/
Agree /ri/
Complete /kmplit/
Receive /rsiv/
Believe /bliv/
Vietnamese /vjetnmiz/
Peters in the team.
/ts frm krt/
Can you see the sea?
/kn ju si si/
A piece of pizza, please.
/ pis v pits pliz/
She received her teaching degree.
/i rsiv hr tit dri/
There are only three people in the museum.
/er r nli ripipl n mjuzim/
Examples
Examples Transcription Listen Meaning
sheep /i:p/

con cu
meal /mi:l/

ba n
marine /m'ri:n/

thuc bin
see /si:/

nhn, trng
bean /bi:n/

ht u
heel /hi:l/

gt chn
peel /pi:l/

ci xng
cheap /ti:p/

r
seat /si:t/

ch ngi
eat /i:t/

n
leek /li:k/

ti ty
cheek /ti:k/

m
meat /mi:t/

tht
cheese /ti:z/

ph mt
tea /ti:/

tr
pea /pi:/

u H Lan
three /ri:/

s 3
key /ki:/

cha kha
fleece /fli:s/

lng cu
machine /m'i:n/

my mc
Identify the vowels which are pronounce /i:/ (Nhn bit cc nguyn
m c pht m l /i:/)
Cc nguyn m khc nhau s cng c pht m l /i:/ trong nhng hp c th nh sau:
1. m "e" c pht m l/i:/ khi ng lin trc hnh thc tn cng bng
ph m + e v trong nhng ch be, he, she, me ...
scene /sin/

phong cnh
complete /km'plit/

hon ton
cede /si:d/

nhng, nhng b
secede /s'si:d/

phn ly, ly khai
benzene /'benzi:n/

cht bng din
kerosene /'kersi:n/

du ho, du hi
Vietnamese /vjetn'mi:z/

ngi Vit Nam
2. m "ea" thng c pht m l /i:/ khi: t c tn cng l"ea" hoc "ea"
+ mt ph m.
tea /ti:/

tr
meal /mi:l/

ba n
easy /'i:z/

d dng
cheap /ti:p/

r
meat /mi:t/

tht
dream /dri:m/

gic m, m
heat /hi:t/

hi nng
neat /ni:t/

gn gng
breathe /bri:/

th, thi nh
creature /'kri:t/

to vt
east /i:st/

hng ng
3. "ee" thng c pht m l /i:/
three /ri:/

s 3
see /si:/

nhn, trng, thy
free /fri:/

t do
heel /hi:l/

gt chn
screen /skri:n/

mn nh
cheese /ti:z/

pho-mt
agree /'gri:/

ng
guarantee /grn'ti:/

bo m, cam oan
Lu : khi "ee" ng trc tn cng l "r" ca 1 t th khng pht m l /i:/ m pht m l
/i/. V d beer /bi/, cheer /ti/
4. "ei" c pht m l /i:/ trong mt s trng hp:
receive /r'si:v/

nhn c
ceiling /'si:l/

trn nh
receipt /r'si:t/

giy bin lai
seize /si:z/

nm ly, tm ly
deceive /d'si:v/

nh la, la o
seignior /'si:nj/

lnh cha
Lu : trong mt s trng hp khc "ei" c pht m l /ei/, /ai/, // hoc /e/
eight /et/

s tm
height /hat/

chiu cao
heir /e/

ngi tha k
heifer /'hef/

b ni t
5. "ey" thng c pht m l /i:/ trong mt s trng hp
key /ki:/ cha kho
Lu : "ey" cn c pht m l /e/ hay /i/ vd: prey /pre/, obey /o'be/,
money /mn/
6. "ie" c pht m l /i:/ khi n l nhng nguyn m gia mt ch
grief /gri:f/

ni lo bun
chief /ti:f/

ngi ng u
believe /bi'li:v/

tin tng
belief /bi'li:f/

nim tin, lng tin
relieve /ri'li:v/

bt au bun
relief /ri'li:f/

s cu tr
grievance /'gri:vns/

li trch, phn nn
grievous /'gri:vs/

au kh, au n
Trng hp ngoi l:
friend /frend/

bn
science /'sains/

khoa hc

Bi 2 - Short vowel // (Nguyn m ngn //)

Short vowel //
Nguyn m ngn //

Introduction
Cch pht m: li a hng ln trn v ra pha trc,
khong cch mi trn v di hp, m rng ming sang 2 bn

// is a short vowel sound.
Make your mouth a bit less wide than for /i:/.
Your tongue is a bit further back in your mouth than for /i:/.
It's pronounced//...//
Bin /bn/
Fish /f/
Begin /bn/
Minute /mnt/
Him /hm/
Gym /gm/
Six /sks/
Dinner /dnr/
Chicken /tkn/
Fifty /ffti/
Miss Smith is thin.
/ms sm z n/
Jim is in the picture.
/dm z n pktr/
Bring chicken for dinner.
/br tkn fr dnr/
Listen to this ridiculous list.
/lsn t s rdkjls lst/
The pretty women are busy in the gym.
/ prti wmn r bzi n gm/
So snh vi cch pht m /i:/
Khi pht m m // ngn, v tr li thp hn, khong cch mi trn-di rng hn v
ming m rng 2 bn nhng hp hn mt cht so vi m /i:/ di
Examples
him /hm/

anh y
hymn /hm/

bi thnh ca
sin /sn/

ti li, phm ti
ship /p/

tu thuyn
bin /bn/

thng
it /t/

n
sit /st/

ngi
lick /lk/

ci lim
chick /tk/

g con
pill /pl/

vin thuc
begin /b'gn/

bt u
picture /'pkt/

bc tranh
miss /ms/

nh, nh
hill /hl/

i
king /k/

vua
six /siks/

s 6
wig /wg/

chi mng
grin /grn/

ci toe tot
fish /f/

c
Identify the vowels which are pronounce // (Nhn bit cc nguyn
m c pht m l //)
Nhng trng hp pht m l //
1. a c pht m l // khi i vi nhng danh t c hai m tit v c
tn cng bng "age"
village /vld/

lng x
cottage /ktd/

nh tranh, lu tranh
shortage /td/

tnh trng thiu ht
baggage /bgd/

hnh l trang b cm tay
courage /krd/

lng cam m
damage /dmd/

s thit hi
luggage /lgd/

hnh l
message /mesd/

thng ip
voyage /'vd/

cuc du lch
passage /psd/

s i qua, thng qua
2. e c pht m l // trong tip u ng be, de v re
begin /bgn/

bt u
become /bkm/

tr nn
behave /bhev/

c x
defrost /difrst/

x nc
decide /dsad/

quyt nh
dethrone /droun/

ph v, trut ph
renew /rnju/

i mi
return /rtrn/

tr v, hon li
remind /rmand/

gi nh
reorganize /rirnaz/

chnh n, t chc li
3. i c pht m l // trong t c mt m tit v tn cng bng mt
hoc hai ph m i + ph m
win /wn/

chin thng
miss /ms/

nh
ship /p/

thuyn, tu
bit /bt/

ming nh, mt mu
sit /st/

ngi
kit /kt/

c, qun o
din /dn/

ting n o (ci ni)
dim /dm/

m o, khng r
grin /grn/

ci toe tot
him /hm/

n, ng y
twin /twn/

sinh i
4. "ui" c pht m l //
build /bld/

xy ct
guilt /glt/

ti li
guinea /gni/

ng tin Anh (21 shillings)
guitar /g'tr/

n ghi ta
quilt /kwlt/

nm bng
quixotic /kwkstk/

c tnh anh hng rm
equivalent /kwvlnt/

tng ng
colloquial /k'lkwl/

thuc v i thoi
mosquito /mskt/

con mui
Practice
Bi 3 - Short vowel /e/ (Nguyn m ngn /e/)

Short vowel /e/
Nguyn m ngn /e/

Introduction

/e/ is a short and relaxed sound.
Open your mouth wide.
It's pronounced /e/.../e/.
Check /tek/
Head /hed/
Scent /sent/
Met /met/
Bell /bel/
Member /'membr/
Jealous /'dels/
Ready /'redi/
Many /'meni/
Breakfast /'brekfst/
Send his friend a letter!
/send hz frend 'letr/
Let's rent a tent.
/lets rent tent/
Ben never gets upset.
/ben nevr gets p'set/
Fred said it again and again.
/fred sed t 'gen n 'gen/
Peg slept from six until ten and then left.
/peg slept frm sks n'tl ten n en left/
Examples:
hen /hen/

g mi
men /men/

n ng
ten /ten/

s mi
head /hed/

ci u
pen /pen/

ci bt
ben /ben/

nh ni
peg /peg/

ci cht
bell /bel/

chung
cheque /tek/

sc
hell /hel/

a ngc
gel /del/

cht gel
dead /ded/

cht
pedal /'pedl/

bn p
shell /el/

v
Identify the vowels which are pronounce /e/ (Nhn bit cc nguyn
m c pht m l /e/
1. "a" c pht m l /e/
many /'men/

nhiu
anyone /'enwn/

bt c ngi no

2. "e" c pht m l /e/ i vi nhng t c mt m tit m c tn cng
bng mt hay nhiu ph m (ngoi tr "r") hoc trong m tit c nhn
mnh ca mt t.
send /send/

gi i
debt /det/

n nn, cng n
them /em/

chng n
met /met/

gp(qu kh ca meet)
get /get/

c, tr nn
bed /bed/

ci ging
bell /bel/

ci chung
tell /tel/

ni
pen /pen/

ci bt
scent /sent/

hng thm
stretch /stret/

dui ra, ko di ra
member /'memb/

thnh vin, hi vin
tender /'tend/

du dng, u ym
November /n'vemb/

thng mi mt
eleven /'levn/

mi mt
extend /isk'tend/

tri rng, lan rng
sensitive /'senstv/

nhy cm
Lu : trng hp ngoi l:
her /h/

c, b, ch y
term /tm/

thi hn
interpret /n'tprt/

phin dch
3. "ea" thng c pht m l /e/ trong mt s trng hp nh sau:
dead /ded/

cht
head /hed/

ci u
bread bred/

bnh m
ready /'redi/

sn sng
heavy /'hev/

nng
breath bre/

th, hi th
leather /'le/

da thuc
breakfast /'brekfst/

ba n sng
steady /'stedi/

u u
jealous 'dels/

ghen t
measure /'me/

o lng
pleasure /'ple/

s vui thch

Bi 4 - Short vowel // (Nguyn m ngn // )

Short vowel //
Nguyn m ngn //

Introduction

// is a short sound.
It's pronounced //......//.
Cat /kt/
Bag /bg/
Black /blk/
Hand /hnd/
Map /mp/
Candle /kndl/
Narrow /nr/
Latter /ltr/
Captain /kptn/
Manner /mnr/
Pack the bags!
/pk bz/
Pat's cat is fat.
/pts kt z ft/
Have a snack, Jack?
/hv snk, dk/
Sad is the opposite of happy.
/sd z pzt v hpi/
There is a man with black pants.
/er z mn w blk pnts/
Examples
cat /ct/

con mo
had /hd/

qu kh ca to have
paddle /'pdl/

s cho xung
shall /l/

s
gnat /nt/

loi mui nh, mui mt
axe /ks/

ci ru
pan /pn/

xoong, cho
man /mn/

n ng
sad /sd/

bun
bag /bg/

ci ti
Brad /brd/

inh nh u
jam /dm/

mt
bad /bd/

ti t
pat /pt/

v v
perhaps /phps/

c th
black /blk/

mu en
slack /slk/

u oi
bang /b/

ting n
hand /hnd/

tay
m c pht m l //
a c pht m l // trong cc trng hp:
- Trong nhng t c mt m tit m tn cng bng mt hay nhiu ph m
hat /ht/

ci m
sad /sd/

bun
fat /ft/

bo
bank /bk/

ngn hng
map /mp/

bn
fan /fn/

ci qut
slang /sl/

ting lng
tan /tn/

rm nng
rank /rk/

hng, cp bc
dam /dm/

p ngn nc
thanks /ks/

li cm t
thatch /t/

r, rm
chasm /'kzm/

hang su
- Khi trong mt m tit c nhn mnh ca mt ch c nhiu m tit v ng trc hai
ph m
candle /'kndl/

cy nn
captain /'kptn/

i y, thuyn trng
baptize /bptaz/

ra ti
latter /'lt(r)]/

ngi sau, mun hn
mallet /'mlt/

cy chy
narrow /nr/

cht, hp
manner /'mn(r)]/

cch thc, th cch
calculate /klkjlet/

tnh, tnh ton
unhappy /nhpi/

khng hnh phc
- Ch : Mt s t ngi Anh c l /a/, ngi M c l //
Examples British English Listen American English Listen
ask (hi) /sk/

/sk/

can't (khng th) /knt/

/knt/

commander /k'mnd/

/k'mnd/


Short vowel //
Nguyn m ngn //

Introduction
Cch pht m: M ming rng bng 1/2 so vi khi pht m //
a li v pha sau hn mt cht so vi khi pht m //

// is a short, relaxed vowel sound.
Your tongue should rest in the middle of your mouth.
It's pronounced//...//
Cut /kt/
Hug /hg/
Gun /gn/
Some /sm/
Dove /dv/
Sunny /'sni/
Money /'mni/
Among /m/
Wonder/wndr/
Nothing /n/
The dust is under the rug.
/ dst z 'ndr r/
Hes much too young.
/hiz mt tu j/
Youre in love with my cousin.
/jr n lv w ma kzn/
Id love to come on Sunday if its sunny.
/ad lv t km nsnde f ts 'sni/
The mother won some of the money, but not enough.
/ mr wn sm v 'mni bt nt nf/
Examples
up /p/

ln trn, trn
wonderful /'wndfl/

tuyt diu
cut /kt/

ct
bun /bn/

bnh bao nhn nho
dump /dmp/

ng rc
shutter /'t/

ca chp
stump /stmp/

gc r, gc cy
cup /kp/

tch, chn
hut /ht/

tp lu
suck /sk/

mt, ht (v)
bug /bg/

con rp
hug /hg/

ci m cht
must /mst/

phi
much /mt/

nhiu
sunny /sni/

nng, c nng
ugly /gli/

xu x
shut down /'tdan/

tt my (my tnh)
untrue /ntru/

sai, khng ng
m c pht m l //)
1. "o" thng c pht m l //trong nhng t c mt m tit, v trong
nhng m tit c nhn mnh ca nhng t c nhiu m tit.
come /km/

n, ti
some /sm/

mt vi
done /dn/

lm xong
love /lv/

tnh yu
does /dz/

lm (ngi th 3)
dove /dv/

chim b cu
other /./

khc
among /m/

trong s, trong m
monkey /m.ki/

con kh
mother /m/

m
brother /br/

anh, em trai
honey /hni/

mt ong
nothing /n/

khng c g
company /kmpn/

cng ty
thorough /r/

hon ton, khp c

2. "u" thng c pht m l //> i vi nhng t c tn cng bng
u+ph m
but /bt/

nhng
cup /kp/

ci tch, chn
cult /klt/

s th cng
dust /dst/

bi
gun /gn/

khu sng
skull /skl/

s, xng s
smug /smg/

t mn, t c

Trong nhng tip u ng un, um
uneasy /niz/

bi ri, lng tng
unhappy /nhp/

khng sung sng
unable /neb/

khng th
umbrella /mbrel/

ci , d
umbrage /mbrd/

bng cy, bng mt
umbilicus /m'blks/

ci rn

3."oo" thng c pht m l // trong mt s trng hp nh
blood /bld/

mu, huyt
flood /fld/

l lt

4. "ou" thng c pht m l / i vi nhng t c nhm "ou" vi mt
hay hai ph m
country /kntri/

lng qu
couple /'kpl/

i, cp
cousin /'kzn/

h hng
trouble /'trbl/

vn , rc ri
young /j/

tr, nh tui
rough /rf/

x x, gh gh
touch /tt/

ng, chm, s
tough /tf/

do dai, bng bnh
nourish /nr/

nui dng
flourish /flr/

pht t, phn thnh
southern /'sn/

thuc phng nam
enough /nf/

, va
double /'dbl/

gp i
Practice
Bi 6 - Long vowel /:/ (Nguyn m di /:/)

Long vowel //
Nguyn m di //

Introduction

// is a long vowel sound.
Your tongue should rest in the bottom of your mouth.
It's pronounced //...//
Card /krd/
Start /strt/
Bar /br/
Guard /grd/
Aunt /nt/
Father /'fr/
Sharpen /'rpn/
Garden /'grdn/
Artist /'rtst/
Tomato /tmt/
It's a farm cart.
/ts frm krt/
I park the car.
/a prk kr/
Are the stars from Mars?.
/r strz frm mrz/
He carved a large heart in the bark.
/hi crvd lrd hrt n brk/
The hard part is to start the car
/ hrd prt z t strt cr/
Examples
bar /b/

qun ru, qun bar
guard /gd/

bo v
heart /ht/

tri tim
father /f/

b
start /stt/

bt u
hard /hd/

kh khn
carp /kp/

bt b, ch bai
cart /kt/

xe b, xe nga
barn /bn/

ngi nh n s
March /mt/

thng ba
marvelous /mvls/

k diu
smart /smt/

thng thi
hearken /'hkn/

lng nghe (dng trong vn chng)
laugh /lf/

ci
Identify the vowels which are pronounce //(Nhn bit cc
nguyn m c pht m l //)
1. "a" c pht m l // trong mt s trng hp
bar /b/

qun ru
father /f/

cha, b
start /stt/

bt u
hard /hd/

kh khn
carp /kp/

bt b
smart /smt/

thng thi, thng minh
2. "ua" v "au" cng c th c pht m l //
guard /gd/

bo v
heart /ht/

tri tim
hearken /'hkn/

lng nghe (dng trong vn chng)
laugh /lf/

ci
draught /drft/

s li ko
aunt /nt/

c, d, thm
laurel /lrl/

cy nguyt qu
Practice

Short vowel //
Nguyn m ngn //

Introduction
Cch pht m: Nguyn m ny gia m na m v m m i vi v tr ca li, pht
m trn mi.

To make this sound, round your lips a little.
The front of your tongue is low and towards the back of your mouth.
It's pronounced//...//.
Dog /dg/
Box /bks/
Job /db/
Cost /kst/
Clock /klk/
Hobby /'hbi/
Coffee /'kfi/
Sorry /'sri/
Doctor/dkt(r)/
Impossible /mpsbl/
Johns gone to the shops.
/dnz gn t p/
Have you got a lot of shopping?
/hv ju gt lt vp/
I took my dog for a long walk in the park.
/a tk ma dg f(r) l wlk n pk/
She said the coffee wasnt very good, but I thought it was.
/i sed 'kfi wznt 'veri gd bt a t t wz/
Mary took the wrong bus and got lost yesterday.
/'meri tk r bs n gt lst jestde/
shot /t/

n, vin n
lock /lk/

kha
cot /kt/

ci ln, nh tranh
pot /pt/

ci bnh, l
shock /k/

s tn thng, sc
top /tp/

nh cao
box /bks/

ci hp
block /blk/

khi, tng
body /bdi/

thn th, th xc
lot /lt/

nhiu
odd /d/

lt vt, linh tinh
hop /hp/

bc nhy ngn, nhy l c
comma /km/

du phy
rob /rb/

n trm, cp ot
robbery /rbri/

v trm
stop /stp/

dng li
Identify the vowels which are pronounce //(Nhn bit cc nguyn
m c pht m l //)
"o" thng c pht m l // trong mt s trng hp
dog /dg/

con ch
stop /stp/

dng li
bottle /'btl/

ci chai
bother /b/

lm phin, quy ry
dolmen dlmen/

m (kho c hc)


Long vowel //
Nguyn m di //

Introduction

Put the front of your tongue down
Round your lips.
Its pronounced // .... //
ball /bl/
saw /s/
water /wtr/
daughter /dtr/
talk /tk/
short /rt/
door /dr/
corner /krnr/
before /bfr/
autumn /tm/
It's all wrong.
/ts l r/
Is Paul's hair long or short?
/z plz her l r rt/
How much does coffee cost?
/ha mt dz kfi kst/
What is the reward for the lost dog?
/wt z rwrd fr lst d/
George talked to Corey at the airport.
/dd tkt t 'kri t i erprt/
Examples
horse /hs/

con nga
ball /bl/

qu bng
four /f(r)/

s 4
caught /kt/

bt (qu kh ca catch)
cord /kd/

dy thng nh
port /pt/

cng
fork /fk/

ci da
sport /spt/

th thao
short /t/

ngn
gore /g(r)/

hc (bng sng)
pour /p(r)/

rt,
awful /'fl/

ng s, ti t
court /kt/

ta n
auction /'kn/

s bn u gi
pause /pz/

tm dng
cortisone /krtson/

Hoocmn cha vim v d ng
bought /bt/

mua (qu kh ca buy)
or /(r)/

hay, hoc
m c pht m l //)
1. "a" c pht m l /trong nhng t c mt m tit m tn cng bng
"ll"
tall /tl/

cao
call /kl/

cuc gi
small /sml/

nh b
fall /fl/

ri, ng
ball /bl/

qu bng
hall /hl/

hi trng, phng hp ln
wall /wl/

bc tng
stall /stl/

sp hng, qun hng
squall /skwl/

ht ln
Ngoi l:
shall /l/ phi, s
2. "o" thng c pht m l / trong nhng t c nhm or+ph m
born /bn/

sinh ra
corpse /kps/

xc cht
horn /hn/

ci xe
lord /ld/

lnh cha
north /n/

phng bc
pork /pk/

tht ln
sort /st/

th, loi
thorn /n/

ci sng
adorn /'dn/

trang hong, t im
corner /'kn/

gc, ch gc
corpulent /'kpjulnt/

mp mp, bo ph
fortify /'ftfa/

cng c, lm mnh thm
hormone /'hmn/

hooc mn
mordant /'mdnt/

chua cay (li ni)
morning /'mn/

bui sng
portable /'ptbl/

di ng, c th mang theo
portrait /'ptrt/

chn dung
3. "au" thng c pht m l // trong mt s trng hp nh:
fault /flt/

li lm, iu sai lm
haunt /hnt/

m nh, hay lui ti
launch /lnt/

h thy (mt chic tu)
audience /'dins/

thnh gi
daughter /'dt(r)/

con gi(trong gia nh)
naughty /'nt/

h, xu nt
laundry /'lndr/

tim git i
maunder /'mnd(r)/

ni huyn thuyn, lung tung
4. "aw" thng c pht m l // khi trong mt t c tn cng l aw hay
aw+ph m
law /l/

lut php
bawl /bl/

ku, la ln
dawn /dn/

bui bnh minh
crawl /krl/

b, b l
draw /dr/

ko, li
awful /'fl/

khng khip, hi hng
awkward /'kwd/

vng v
bawdy /'bd/

tc tu
tawny /'tn/

hung hung (mu sc)
mawkish /'mk/

nht nho, y m
5. "oa" c pht m l /44/ khi ng trc "r"
board /bd/

tm vn
coarse /ks/

th l
soar /s/

bay vt ln
hoar /h/

tc hoa rm
hoarse /hs/

th l, l mng
oar /(r)/

mi cho
roar /r(r)/

gm rng
PracticeBi 9 - Short Vowel // (Nguyn m ngn //)

Short Vowel //
Nguyn m ngn //

Introduction

Make your lip a little rounded.
Your tongue is not so far back as for /u: /.
Its pronounced ////
Put /pt/
Wolf /wlf/
Foot /ft/
Should /d/
Good /gd/
Sugar /'gr/
Woman /'wmn/
Cooker /'kkr/
Cushion /'kn/
Butcher /'btr/
My bags full.
/ma bz fl/
He would if he could.
/hi wd f hi kd/
It should be good wool.
/t d bi gd wl/
The woman took a good look at the wolf.
/ 'wmn tk gd lk t wlf/
Look in the cookbook for a good pudding.
/lk t 'kkbk fr gd 'pd/
Examples
put /pt/

t,
cook /kk/

nu thc n
good /gd/

tt
look /lk/

nhn
rook /rk/

con qu
book /bk/

sch
would /wd/

thi qu kh ca will
could /kd/

c th (qu kh ca can)
woman /wmn/

ph n
wolf /wlf/

ch si
full /fl/

y
pull /pl/

li ko
foot /ft/

chn, bn chn
m c pht m l //)
1. "o" c pht m l // trong mt s trng hp
wolf /wlf/

ch si
woman /'wmn/

n b
2. "oo" thng c pht m l //
book /bk/

sch
good /gd/

tt
look /lk/

nhn
wool /wl/

len
cook /kk/

nu n
foot /ft/

chn
wood /wd/

g
took /tk/

qu kh ca take
3. "ou" c pht m l // trong mt s trng hp :
could /kd/

c th
should /d/

phi,
nn
would
/wd/Bi 10 - Long vowel /u:/ (Nguyn m di /u:/)

s,
mun

Long vowel /u:/
Nguyn m di /u:/

Introduction

/u/ is a long vowel sound.
Make a lip into a circle.
Put your tongue up and back.
It's pronounced /u/....../u/
Too /tu/
Food /fud/
Soon /sun/
Route /rut/
Flute /flut/
Recruit /rkrut/
Lunar /lunr/
Remove /rmuv/
Bamboo /bmbu/
Music /'mjuzk/
Are you doing anything on Tuesday?
/r ju 'du 'eni n tuzde/
You must chew your food.
/ju mst tu jr fud/
He proved he knew the truth.
/hi pruvd hi nuw tru/
The group flew to New York in June.
/ grup flu tu nju jrk n dun/
Who ruined my new blue shoes?
/wu 'rund ma nju blu u/
Examples
you /ju/

bn
too /tu/

cng...
shoe /u/

giy
blue /blu/

mu xanh
Luke /luk/

(tn ngi)
fool /ful/

ng ngn
pool /pul/

ao, b bi
food /fud/

thc n
glue /glu/

keo dnh
choose /tuz/

chn
hoop /hup/

ci vng
boot /but/

ng, giy ng
coot /kut/

chim sm cm
two /tu/

s hai
who /hu/

ai (ch ngi)
whose /huz/

ca ai (s hu)
true /tru/

ng
sue /su/

kin
chew /tu/

nhai
brew /bru/

pha (tr), (bia)
eschew /stu/

trnh lm, king c
cruise /kruz/

i chi bin
route /rut/

tuyn ng
through /ru/

thng sut, xuyn sut
Identify the vowels which are pronounce /u/ (Nhn bit cc nguyn m c pht
m l /u/)
1. "o" thng c pht m l /u/ trong mt vi t thng dng c tn cng bng o hay o vi
ph m.
do /du/

lm
move /muv/

c ng
lose /luz/

mt, nh mt
prove /pruv/

chng minh
tomb /tum/

m, m
remove /r'muv/

b i, lm mt i
2. "u" cn c pht m l /u/
blue /blu/

mu xanh lam
brute /brut/

con vt, ngi th bo
flute /flut/

ng so
brutal /'brutl/

th bo, d man
lunar /lun/

thuc v mt trng
salute /slut/

s cho mng
lunacy /luns/

s in r
lunatic /luntk/

ngi in r
lubricant /lubrknt/

cht du m
3. "oo" cn c pht m l /u/
Examples Trans ription Listen Meaning
cool /kul/

mt m
food fud/

n, thc phm
too /tu/

cng
pool /pul/

b bi
goose /gus/

con ngng
spoon /spun/

ci tha
tool /tul/

dng
tooth /tu/

ci rng
sooth /su/

s tht
soothe /su/

lm du, lm bt au
booby /'bub/

ngi n n, kh kho
booty /'but/

chin li phm
bamboo /bm'bu/

cy tre
boohoo /bu'hu/

khc huhu
cuckoo /'kku/

con chim cu
googoogly /'gugl/

bng di ngc
doomsday /'dumzde/

ngy tn th
4. "ou" c pht m l / u/ trong mt s trng hp
croup /krup/

bnh au c hng
group /grup/

mt nhm, mt m
troupe /trup/

gnh ht
douche /du/

vi hoa sen
wounded /'wundd/

b thng
croupier /'krup/

ngi h l ( sng bc)
5. "ui" c pht m l / u/ trong mt s trng hp
bruise /bruz/

vt thng, vt bm tm da
bruit /brut/

tin n, ting n
fruit /frut/

tri cy
juice /dus/

nc ct, nc tri cy
cruise /kruz/

cuc i chi trn bin
cruiser /kruz/

tun dng hm
recruit /rkrut/

m binh, tuyn lnh
Ngoi l:
fluid /flud/

cht lng, lng
ruin /run/

s nt, vt tch nt
Practice


Long vowel /:/
Nguyn m di /:/

Introduction

Your mouth and tongue should be relaxed.
Its pronounced //.... //.
bird /brd/
turn /trn/
first /frst/
work /wrk/
verb /vrb/
occur /kr/
early /rli/
thirty /rti/
journey /drni/
worship /wrp/
curtain /krtn/
The girl saw the circus first.
/ rl s srks frst/
My birthday's on Thursday the thirty first.
/ma brdez n rzde rti frst/
That is the worst journey in the world.
/t z wrst drni nwrld/
Have you ever heard this word?
/hv ju evr hrd s wrd/
She has learnt German for thirteen months.
/i hz lrnt drmn fr rtin mns/
Examples
bird /bd/

con chim
word /wd/

t, li ni
burst /bst/

s n tung, ting n
fur /f(r)/

lng th
burden /bdn/

gnh nng
herd /hd/

by, n, b l
world /wld/

th gii
were /w(r)/

th, l (qu kh ca to be)
colonel /knl/

i t
courtesy /kts/

lch s, nh nhn
curl /kl/

qun, s un qun
girl /gl/

c gi
early /li/

sm
search /st/

tm kim
sir /s(r)/

ngi (trong xng h)
surgeon /sdn/

bc s phu thut
occur /k(r)/

xy ra, xy n
circuit /skt/

chu vi
m c pht m l //)
1. "o" thng c pht m l // trong mt s trng hp
work /wk/

cng vic
world /wld/

th gii
word /wd/

t
worse /ws/

xu hn
worship /'wip/

s tn sng
2. "u" cn c pht m l //
burn /bn/

t chy
burglar /'bglr/

k trm
burly /'bl/

lc ln, vm v
curtain /'ktn/

rm ca
3. "i", "e", "ea" v "ou" thnh thong cng c pht m l // khi trng m
ri vo nhng t ny
bird /bd/

con chim
herd /hd/

by, n, b l
were /w(r)/

th, l (qu kh ca to be)
courtesy /kts/

lch s, nh nhn
girl /gl/

c gi
early /li/

sm
search /st/

tm kim
sir /s(r)/

ngi (trong xng h)
circuit /skt/

chu vi, mch in
Practice

Short vowel //
Nguyn m ngn //

Introduction

Open your mouth very slightly and simply.
The lips and tongue are relaxed.
It's pronounced //.....//
Ago //
Open /pn/
Sofa /sf/
Around /rand/
Zebra /zibr/
Mother /mr/
Picture /pktr/
Banana /bnn/
Famous /fems/
Accident /ksdnt/
I suppose it's possible.
/a spz ts psbl/
That's an excellent question.
/ts n ekslnt kwestn/
My cousin will arrive at seven.
/a kzn wl rav t sevn/
Complete today's lesson please.
/kmplit tdez lesn pliz/
Dont complain about the problem
/dnt kmplen bat prblm/
Examples
banal /bnl/

thng, tm thng
letter /let(r)/

l th
calendar /klnd(r)/

lch
picture /pkt(r)/

bc tranh
figure /fjr/

con s
thorough /r/

cn thn, k lng
madam /mdm/

qu b
nation /nen/

quc gia
woman /wmn/

ph n
accept /ksept/

chp nhn
effort /eft/

n lc
from /frm/

t (u )
around /rand/

xung quanh
available /velb/

sn c
surprise /spraz/

ngc nhin
ago /g/

trc y
1. "a" c pht m l //
banana /bnn/

qu chui
sofa /sf/

gh bng
apartment /ptmnt/

cn h
separate /seprt/

chia r
changeable /tendb/

c th thay i c
balance /blns/

cn bng
explanation /eksplnen/

s gii thch
capacity /kpsti/

sc cha
national /nnl/

thuc v quc gia
magnanimity /mgnnmti/

lng qung i
2. "e" c pht m l //
answer /ns(r)/

tr li
mother /m(r)/

m
silent /salnt/

im lng
open /pn/

m ra
prudent /prudnt/

thn trng
generous /denrs/

qung i, lng
different /dfrnt/

khc nhau
sentence /sentns/

cu vn
punishment /pnmnt/

trng pht
3. "o" c pht m l //
atom /tm/

nguyn t
bosom /bzm/

lng, tm tr
compare /kmpe(r)/

so snh
control /kntrl/

kim sot
continue /kntnju/

tip tc
freedom /fridm/

s t do
handsome /hnsm/

lch s, ho hoa
random /rndm/

tnh c, ngu nhin
rancorous /rkrs/

hay th on, him khch
pardon /pdn/

s tha li
cordon /kdn/

vng ai, vng cm a
4. "u" c pht m l //
upon /pn/

bn trn
picture /pkt(r)/

bc tranh
suggest /sdest/

gi
surprise /spraz/

ngc nhin
5. "ou" c pht m l //
famous /fems/

ni ting
dangerous /dendrs/

nguy him
anxious /ks/

lo u
Practice
Bi 13 - Diphthong /ei/ (Nguyn m i /ei/)

Diphthong /e/
Nguyn m i /e/

Introduction

/e/ is a long vowel sound.
It starts with /e/ and moves to //.
Its pronounced /e/ ...../e/
H /et/
Eight/et/
Rain /ren/
Plane/plen/
Wait /wet/
Later /letr/
Tasty /testi/
Danger /dendr/
Explain /ksplen/
Exchange/ kstend/
He came a day later.
/hi kem de letr/
It was the grey day in May.
/t wz re de n me/
Is this the way to the station?
/s s we t sten/
We pray the grey day will go away.
/wi pre gre de wl we/
Wait at the gate, I'll be there at eight.
/wet t get al bi er t et/
Examples
pay /pe/

tr tin
shade /ed/

bng ti, bng rm
tail /tel/

ci ui
eight /et/

s 8
steak /stek/

ming c, tht nng
hey /he/

, ny...
face /fes/

khun mt
raise /rez/

tng ln
amazing /mez/

lm sng st, kinh ngc
straight /stret/

thng
hate /het/

ght
baby /bebi/

a b
feign /fen/

gi v, ba chuyn
paper /pep(r)/

t giy
later /'let(r)/

mun hn
potato /ptet/

khoai ty
gray /gre/

mu xm
they /e/

h
Identify the vowels which are pronounce /e/ (Nhn bit cc
nguyn m c pht m l /e/)
1. "a" c pht m l /e/
+ Trong nhng t c mt m tit v c hnh thc tn cng bng a+ph m+e
gate /get/

cng
safe /sef/

an ton
tape /tep/

dy, di bng
date /det/

ngy
late /let/

mun
lake /lek/

h nc
cape /kep/

mi t
mane /men/

lng bm
mate /met/

bn cng hc
fate /fet/

s phn
+ Trong mt m tit lin trc c tn cng bng "ion" v "ian"
nation /nen/

quc gia
translation /trnslen/

bin dch
preparation /prepren/

s chun b
invasion /nven/

s xm chim
liberation /lbren/

s phng thch
Asian /'en/

ngi Chu
Canadian /knedin/

ngi Canada
Australian /strelin/

ngi c
Ngoi l:
mansion /mnn/

lu i
companion /kmpnjn/

bn ng hnh
Italian /'tljn/

ngi
Librarian /labrerin/

ngi qun th vin
vegetarian /vedterin/

ngi n chay
2. "ai" c pht m l /e/ khi ng trc mt ph m tr "r"
rain /ren/

ma
tail /tel/

ui
train /tren/

tu ha
paint /pent/

sn
bail /bel/

tin bo lnh
hail /hel/

cho mng
mail /mel/

th
nail /nel/

mng tay
sail /sel/

ci bum
maid /med/

ngi hu gi
afraid /fred/

lo s, e ngi
wait /wet/

i ch
3. "ay" thng c pht m l /e/ trong nhng t c tn cng bng "ay"
clay /kle/

t st
day /de/

ngy
hay /he/

c kh
gay /ge/

vui v
play /ple/

chi
ray /re/

tia sng
stay /ste/

li
tray /tre/

ci khay
pay /pe/

tr tin
lay /le/

t,
Ngoi l:
quay /ki/

bn tu
papaya /ppa/

qu u
4. "ea" c pht m l /e/
great /gret/

ln, danh ting
break /brek/

lm gy, v
steak /stek/

ming mng, lt mng
breaker /brek(r)/

sng ln
5. "ei" thng c pht m l /e/
eight /et/

s 8
weight /we/

cn nng
deign /den/

chiu c n
freight /fret/

ch hng bng tu
beige /be/

vi len mc
neighbour /neb(r)/

hng xm
6. "ey" thng c pht m l /e/
they /e/

h, bn h
prey /pre/

con mi, nn nhn
grey /gre/

mu xm
obey /be/

nghe li
Practice
Bi 14 - Diphthong /a/ (Nguyn m i /a/)

Diphthong /a/
Nguyn m i /a/

Introduction

/a/ is a long vowel sound.
It starts with /a:/ and moves to //.
Its pronounced /a/....../a/.
die /da/
like /lak/
why /wa/
high /ha/
night /nat/
fighting /fat/
surprise /srpraz/
childhood /taldhd/
tour guide /tr ad/
Drive on the right .
/drav n rat/
Why don't you try?
/wa dnt ju tra/
Do you like dry wine?
/du ju lak dra wan/
I'm twice your size, Lisa
/am twas jr saz 'lz/
That guy might buy my cycle.
/ t a mat ba 'sakl/
Examples
while /wal/

trong khi
rice /ras/

go
fine /fan/

tt, nguyn cht
behind /bhand/

ng sau
child /tald/

a tr
nice /nas/

p
kind /kand/

tt bng
mind /mand/

ngh, tm tr
silent /salnt/

im lng
guide /gad/

hng dn
guy /ga/

chng trai
eye /a/

mt
I /a/

ti (i t nhn xng
my /ma/

ca ti (tnh t s hu)
light /lat/

nh
paradigm /prdam/

h bin ha
sigh /sa/

ting th di
island /alnd/

hn o
aisle /al/

li i gia cc hng gh
psyche /saki/

linh hn, tinh thn
Identify the vowels which are pronounce /a/(Nhn bit cc nguyn
m c pht m l /a/)
1. "i" thng c pht m l /a/ i vi nhng t c mt m tit m tn
cng bng i+ph m+e
bike /bak/

cn, vt cn
site /sat/

ni ch, v tr
kite /kat/

ci diu
dine /dan/

n ba ti
side /sad/

bn cnh
tide /tad/

nc thy triu
like /lak/

a thch, ging
mine /man/

ca ti (t s hu)
swine /swan/

con ln
twine /twan/

si dy, dy bn
2. "ei" thng c pht m l /a/ trong mt s trng hp
either /a(r)/

mt trong hai, c hai...
neither /na(r)/

khng ci no
height /hat/

chiu cao
sleight /slat/

s khn kho
seismic /sazmk/

(thuc) ng t
3. "ie" c pht m l /a/ khi n l nhng nguyn m cui ca mt t c
mt m tit
die /da/

cht
lie /la/

nm, ni di
pie /pa/

bnh nhn
tie /ta/

tht, buc
4. "ui" c pht m l /a/ trong nhng t c ui+ph m+e
guide /gad/

hng dn
guile /gal/

s gian xo
guise /gaz/

chiu bi, lt, v
quite /kwat/

Kh, tng i
inquire /nkwa(r)/

iu tra, thm tra
require /rkwa(r)/

i hi, yu cu
squire /skwa(r)/

ngi cn v
5. "uy" pht m l /a/
buy /ba/

mua
guy /ga/

chng trai
Practice
Bi 15 - Diphthong // (Nguyn m i //)

Diphthong //
Nguyn m i //

Introduction

It starts with // and moves to //.
It's pronounced //.....//.
Toy /t/
Boy /b/
Coin /kn/
Voice /vs/
Choice /ts/
Noisy /'nzi/
Enjoy /n'd/
Destroy /dstr/
Employee /m'pli/
Appointment /'pntmnt/
Boy's toys are noisy.
/bz tz r 'nzi/
Troys ploy was foiled.
/tz pl wz fld/
Those are coins, not toys.
/z r kz nt tz/
The boy pointed to the poison.
/ b pntd t 'pzn/
The spoiled boys destroy Floyds joy
/ spld bz ds't fldz d/
Examples
boy /b/

cu b, chng trai
coin /kn/

ng tin
foil /fl/

l (kim loi)
toil /tl/

cng vic kh nhc
voice /vs/

ging ni
enjoy /nd/

thch th, hng th
oil /l/

du
boil /bl/

si, s si
toy /t/

chi
joy /d/

s vui mng, hn hoan
point /pnt/

im, vn
destroy /dstr/

ph hy
hoist /hst/

nhc bng ln, thang my
m c pht m l //)
"oi" v "oy" thng c pht m l //. (Xem v d trn)
Practice
Bi 16 - Diphthong /a/ (Nguyn m i /a/)

Diphthong /a/
Nguyn m i /a/

Introduction

/a/ is a long vowel sound.
It starts with /a:/ and moves to //.
It's pronounced /a/....../a/
How /ha/
Now /na/
Loud /lad/
Mouse /mas/
Sound /sand/
About /bat/
Aloud /lad/
Accounting /kat/
mountain /matn/
British Council /brt kansl/
Our townhouse has a brown mouse.
/ar tanhas hz bran mas/
Are we allowed to speak aloud?
/r wi lad t spik lad/
We found our gowns downtown.
/wi fand ar ganz 'dantan/
Shower the flower for an hour.
/ar flar fr n ar/
Hows the loud vowel sound?
/haz lad val sand/
Examples
cow /ka/

con b ci
house /has/

ci nh
now /na/

by gi
foul /fal/

hi hm, bn thu
about /bat/

chng, khong
flower /fla(r)/

hoa
allow /la/

cho php
out /at/

ngoi, bn ngoi
how /ha/

th no
plough /pla/

ci cy
route /rat/

tuyn ng
ouch /at/

ngc nm, kim cng nm
bow /ba/

ci cung
brow /bra/

my, lng my
grouse /gras/

g g trng
Identify the vowels which are pronounce /a/ (Nhn bit cc
nguyn m c pht m l /a/)
1. "ou" c pht m l /a/ trong nhng t c nhm "ou" vi mt hay hai
ph m
found /fand/

tm thy (qu kh ca find)
cloud /klad/

m my
bound /band/

bin gii, gii hn
doubt /dat/

s nghi ng, ng vc
hound /hand/

ch sn
loud /lad/

(m thanh) m , to
mouth /ma/

mm, ming
plough /pla/

ci cy
south /sa/

hng nam, pha nam
stout /stat/

chc bn, dng cm
around /rand/

xung quanh, vng quanh
county /kanti/

ht, tnh
sound /sand/

m thanh
fountain /fantn/

sui nc, ngun nc
mountain /mantn/

ni
2. "ow" c pht m l /a/
tower /ta(r)/

khn mt
power /pa(r)/

sc mnh, quyn lc
powder /pad(r)/

bt, thuc bt
crown /kran/

vng min
drown /dran/

cht ui, cht chm
plow /pla/

ci cy
brow /bra/

lng my
fowl /fal/

tht g
jowl /dal/

hm di
coward /kad/

hn nht
Practice

Diphthong //
Nguyn m i //

Introduction

Cch pht m: u tin t li v tr pht m m // sau ming trn dn pht m
//, pht m // di, // ngn v nhanh

It begins with // and move to //.
It's pronounced //...//
Go //
Road /rd/
Old /ld/
Boat /bt/
Phone /fn/
Joking /dk/
Shoulder /ldr/
October /ktbr/
Potato /ptet/
Tomorrow /tmro/
I dont know.
/a dnt n/
My toes are cold
/ma tz r kld/
Is the window open?
/z wnd pn/
She phoned me in October.
/i fnd mi n ktbr/
They showed us their home.
/e d s er hm/
Examples
load /ld/

vt nng, gnh nng
home /hm/

nh, gia nh
most /mst/

hu ht, phn ln
pole /pl/

cc (bc, nam)
coat /kt/

o chong
boat /bt/

tu, thuyn
cold /kld/

lnh lo
comb /km/

ci lc
though //

d, mc d
thorough /r/

hon ton, hon ho
stole /stl/

khn chong vai
bowl /bl/

ci bt
old /ld/

c, gi
roll /rl/

cun, cun
toe /t/

ngn chn
no /n/

khng
go /g/

i
slow /sl/

chm
m c pht m l //)
1. "O" thng c pht m l // khi n cui mt t
go g/

i
no /n/

khng
ago /g/

trc y
mosquito /mskit/

con mui
potato /ptet/

khoai ty
tomato /tmt/

c chua
toe /t/

ngn chn
2. "oa" c pht m l // trong mt t c mt m tit tn cng bng mt
hay hai ph m
coat /kt/

o chong
road /rd/

con ng
coal /kl/

than
loan /ln/

s cho vay n
moan /mn/

ting than, ting rn vang
goat /gt/

con d
moat /mt/

ho, xung quanh thnh tr...
soap /sp/

x phng
coast /kst/

b bin
load /ld/

vt nng, gnh nng
3. "ou" c th c pht m l //
soul /sl/

tm hn
dough /d/

bt nho
mould /mld/

ci khun
shoulder /ld(r)/

vai
poultry /pltri/

gia cm
4. "ow" c pht m l //
know /n/

bit
slow /sl/

chm
widow /wd/

b ga ph
window /wnd/

ca s
bowl /bl/

ci bt
grow /gr/

ln ln, trng (cy)
low /l/

thp
tomorrow /tmr/

ngy mai
arrow /r/

mi tn
Practice

Diphthong //
Nguyn m i //

Introduction

It starts with // and moves to //
Its pronounced //.... //.
ear /r/
hear /hr/
beer /br/
clear /klr/
year /jr/
really /rli/
cheerful /tfl/
career /krr/
engineer /endnr/
superior /suprir/
We're here.
/wr hr/
Have a beer, cheer!
/ hv br tr/
Is there a bank near here?
/z er bk nr hr/
The meaning isn't really clear.
/ min znt rli klr/
I have these ears a hundred years.
/a hv iz rz hndrd jrz/
Examples
beer /b(r)/

bia
near /n(r)/

gn
here /h(r)/

y
easier /i:z/

d dng hn
area /er/

vng, khu vc
superior /supri(r)/

trn, cao cp hn
ear /(r)/

tai
tear /t(r)/

nc mt
pier /p(r)/

bn tu, cu tu
beard /bd/

ng u, chng c vi...
Identify the vowels which are pronounce // (Nhn bit cc
1. "ea" c pht m l // trong nhng t c nhm ear
tear /t(r)/

nc mt
clear /kl(r)/

r rng
blear /bl(r)/

m, khng thy r
real /rl/

thc t
spear /sp(r)/

gio mc
fear /f(r)/

s hi
smear /sm(r)/

trt, bi lem nhem
weary /wri/

u oi, mt mi
dreary /drri/

bun t, bun ru
beard /bd/

ng u, chng c
2. "ee" pht m l // khi ng trc tn cng l "r" ca mi t
beer /b(r)/

bia
cheer /t(r)/

s vui v
deer /d(r)/

con nai, hong
leer /l(r)/

lic trm
steer /st(r)/

li xe, tu
sneer /sn(r)/

ci khy
career /kr(r)/

ngh nghip
engineer /endn(r)/

k s
Practice
Bi 19 - Diphthong /e/ (Nguyn m i /e/)

Diphthong /e/
Nguyn m i /e/

Introduction

/e/ is a long vowel sound.
It starts with /e/ and moves to //.
Its pronounced /e/...../e/.
air /er/
care /ker/
hair /her/
share /ter/
wear /wer/
airport / ept/
barely /beli/
upstairs /pstez/
fairy tale /feri tel/
Look at that airplane.
/lk t t eplen/
Up there, in the air, of course.
/p er n i er v krs/
The fair hair man ran in the sand.
/ fer her mn rn n snd/
Where are the spare pairs Stan and Dan wear?
/wer r sper perz stn n dn wer/
They're cramming for their exam over there.
/er 'krm fr er zm vr er/
Examples
air /e(r)/

khng kh
bear /be(r)/

mang vc, chu ng
pair /pe(r)/

i, cp
chair /te(r)/

ci gh
square /skwe(r)/

vung
where /we(r)/

u
upstairs /pstez/

trn gc, trn tng
care /ke(r)/

chm sc
wear /we(r)/

i, mc
their /e(r)/

ca h (tnh t s hu)
hair /he(r)/

tc
stare /ste(r)/

ci nhn chm chm
Identify the vowels which are pronounce /e/(Nhn bit cc nguyn
m c pht m l /e/)
1. "a" c pht m l /e/ trong nhng t c mt m tit m tn cng
bng "are" hoc trong mt m tit ca mt t khi "a" ng trc "r"
bare /be(r)/

trn, trn trung
care /ke(r)/

chm sc
dare /de(r)/

dm
fare /fe(r)/

tin v
hare /he(r)/

th rng
rare /re(r)/

him c, t c
area /eri/

vng, khu vc
parents /pernts/

b m
prepare /prpe(r)/

chun b
garish /ger/

le lot, sc s
various /veris/

a dng, phong ph
sectarian /sekterin/

thuc mn phi
librarian /labrerin/

cn b th vin
vegetarian /vedterin/

ngi n chay
invariable /nveribl/

c nh, khng thay i
Ngoi l
are /(r)/

l (dng s nhiu ca to be)
harem /hrim/

hu cung
2. "ai" pht m l /e/ khi ng trc "r"
air /e(r)/

khng kh
fair /fe(r)/

cng bng
hair /he(r)/

tc
pair /pe(r)/

cp, i
chair /te(r)/

ci gh
laird /led/

a ch
dairy /deri/

sn xut b sa
fairy /feri/

tng tng, h cu
3. "ea" c pht m l /e/
bear /be(r)/

con gu
pear /pe(r)/

tri l
bearish /ber/

hay cu gt
wear /we(r)/

mc, i, eo
swear /swe(r)/

th
4. "ei" c th c pht m l /e/
heir /e(r)/

ngi tha k
their /e(r)/

ca h (t s hu)
Practice

Diphthong //
Nguyn m i //

Introduction

It starts with // and moves to //.
Its pronounced // ......//.
tour /tr/
cure /kjr/
poor /pr/
truer /trr/
sure /r/
jury /dri/
spoor /spr/
doer /dr/
tourist /trst/
tournament /tnmnt/
He's very poor.
/hiz 'veri pr/
I served on a jury.
/a srvd n dri/
The dirty water goes into the sewer.
/ drti wtr z nt sr/
I take a tour to Kualalumpur.
/a tek tr t Kl'lmp/
Will we be able to cure him, Doctor?
/wl wi ebl t kjr hm dktr/
Examples
truer /tr(r)/

chnh xc hn
sewer /s(r)/

th may
bluer /bl(r)/

xanh hn
doer /d(r)/

ngi thc hin
tour /t(r)/

cuc i chi, du lch
poor /p/

ngo
jury /dri/

ban gim kho
cure /kj(r)/

cha tr
tourism /trzm/

du lch
Identify the vowels which are pronounce // (Nhn bit cc
1. "oo" c pht m l // trong nhng t c mt m tit m tn cng
bng "r"
boor /b(r)/

ngi cc mch, th l
moor /m(r)/

buc, ct (tu thuyn)
poor /p(r)/

ngo
spoor /sp(r)/

du vt
2. "ou" c th c pht m l //
tour /t(r)/

cuc du lch
tourist /trzm/

s du lch
tournament /tnmnt/

cuc u thng trn nga
Practice
Bi 21 - Consonant /p/ (Ph m /p/)

Consonant /p/
Ph m /p/

Introduction

/p/ is a voiceless consonant sound.
To make this sound:
Close your lips tight.
Push air forward in your mouth.
Open your lips quickly and dont use your voice.
Its pronounced /p//p/
Pen /pen/
Pull /pl/
Stop /stp/
Piece /pi:s/
Cheap /tip/
Happy /hpi/
Punish /pn/
Picture /pktr/
Peaceful /pisfl/
Pencil case /pensl kes/
Passports, please!
/psprt pli:z/
Its pretty important.
/ts prti mprtnt/
I have a pencil, some stamps and an envelope.
/a hv 'pensl sm stmps nd n nvlp/
We want a perfect picnic in Spain in September.
/wi wnt prfkt 'pknk n spen n sep'temb/
Heres a cup, an apple, some presents and a newspaper in the picture.
/hrz kp n pl sm preznts nd nuzpepr n pktr/
Examples
part /pt/

phn, b phn
pie /pa/

bnh nng nhn ngt
pen /pen/

ci bt
copy /kpi/

bn sao chp
happy /hpi/

hnh phc
pull /pl/

li ko, git
pet /pet/

con vt nui trong nh
peach /pit/

qu o
pier /p(r)/

bn tu, cu tu
pig /pg/

con ln
pin /pn/

ghim, inh ghim
pole /pl/

cc (bc,nam)
pencil /pentsl/

bt ch
pocket /pkt/

ti, v tin
postcard /pstkd/

bu thip
passenger /psnd(r)/

hnh khch
passport /pspt/

h chiu
spoon /spun/

ci tha
airport /ept/

sn bay
policeman /plismn/

cnh st
Identify: Ch c ph m "p" c pht m l /p/
Practice
Bi 22 - Consonant /b/ (Ph m /b/)

Consonant /b/
Ph m /b/

Introduction

/b/ is a voiced consonant sound.
To make this sound, practise /p/ first, then use your voice to say/b/....../b/
Let's see some examples:
Pie /pa/ - Buy /ba/
Pear /per/ - Bear /ber/
Pill /pl/ - Bill /bl/
Big /bg/
Boy /b/
Bag /b/
Best /best/
Bank /bk/
Baby /bebi/
Building /bld/
Business /bzns/
November /nvembr/
Neighbour /nebr/
Ive been busy now.
/av bn bzi na/
Maybe Elizabeth brags a bit.
/'mebi li:zb brgz bt/
Billy grabbed the sobbing baby.
/bli rbd sb 'bebi/
The bushes and bulbs are about to bloom.
/ brz n blbz r bat t blum/
Bobs got a big problem with his neighbors.
/bbz t bg prblm w hz nebr/
Examples
bow /ba/

ci cung
back /bk/

lng, pha sau
baby /bebi/

a tr
job /db/

cng vic
bull /bl/

con b c
bed /bed/

ci ging
bat /bt/

gy nh bng chy
beer /b(r)/

bia
bye /bai/

tm bit
better /bet(r)/

tt hn
Bobby /bbi/

tn ngi Bobby
birthday /bde/

sinh nht
about /bat/

khong, chng
beautiful /bjutfl/

p
butterfly /btfla/

con bm
body /bdi/

c th
blue /blu/

mu xanh nc bin
brown /bran/

mu nu
brother /br(r)/

anh/ em trai
Identify:
Ch c ph m "b" c pht m l /b/
Practice
Bi 23 - Consonant /t/ (Ph m /t/)

Consonant /t/
Ph m /t/

Introduction

/t/ is a voiceless consonant sound.
To make this sound, put your tongue just behind your top teeth
Push air forward in your mouth then quickly move your tongue away and don't use your voice
It's pronounced /t/......./t/.
Eat /it/
Suit /sut/
Tea /ti/
Tall /tl/
Stamp /stmp/
Table /tebl/
Hotel /htel/
Twenty /twenti/
Thailand /talnd/
Complete /kmplit/
Tom and Tim are Twins.
/tm n tim r twnz/
Thomas ate three hot dogs.
/ms et ri ht dz/
Teddy met them at the market.
/tedi met m t mrkt/
The fat cat sat down on the mat.
/ ft kt st dan n mt/
Could you tell me how to get to the train station?
/kd ju tel mi ha t get t tren sten/
Examples
top /tp/

chp, nh
ten /ten/

s mi
steak /stek/

ming c, tht nng
tomato /tmt/

c chua
tennis /tens/

qun vt (th thao)
photo /ft/

bc nh
telephone /telfn/

in thoi
pretty /prti/

xinh p
upstairs /pstez/

trn gc
student /stjudnt/

sinh vin
potato /ptet/

khoai ty
toy /t/

chi
tea /ti/

ch, tr
tight /tat/

(buc) cht
button /btn/

ci nt
town /tan/

th trn
time /tam/

thi gian
ticket /tkt/

v
title /tat/

nhan
Identify:
Ch c ph m "t" c pht m l /t/
Practice
Bi 24 - Consonant /d/ (Ph m /d/)

Consonant /d/
Ph m /d/

Introduction

/d/ is a voiced consonant sound.
To make this sound:
Practice the sound /t/ first
then use the voice to say /d/ ....../d/

Time /tam/ - Dime /dam/
Tore /tr /- Door /dr/
Write /rat/ - Ride /rad/
Door /dr/
Deep /di:p/
Down /dan/
Head /hed/
Food /fud/
Lady /ledi/
Ready /redi/
Dinner /dnr/
Middle /mdl/
Address /dres/
She had a bad cold.
/i hd bd kld/
Eddys birthday is today.
/'ediz brde z tde/
David didnt do the dishes.
/'dvd ddnt du dz/
Does Donna have a dollar?
/ dz dn hv dlr/
Dan drove us around before dinner.
/dn drv s rand bfr dnr/
Examples
day /de/

ban ngy
ladder /ld(r)/

ci thang
odd /d/

tha d
die /da/

cht
down /dan/

xung, di
dim /dm/

l m, khng r rng
door /d(r)/

cnh ca
dart /dt/

mi tn, mi tiu
card /kd/

ci thip, th
ride /rad/

ci (nga)
drain /dren/

cng, rnh, mng
drink /drk/

ung
do /du/

lm
date /det/

ngy
darling /dl/

ngi thn yu
decide /dsad/

quyt nh
dance /dns/

nhy
damage /dmd/

hy hoi
Identify:
Ch c ph m "d" c pht m l /d/
Bi 25 - Consonant /k/ (Ph m /k/)

Consonant /k/
Ph m /k/

Introduction

/k/ is a voiceless consonant sound.
To make this sound:
Stop the air with the back of your tongue
Then move your tongue to release the air and dont use your voice.
Its pronounced /t//t/
Car /kr/
Key /ki/
Talk /tk/
Keep /kip/
Close /klz/
Kitchen /ktn/
Carefully /kerfli/
Chemistry /kemstri/
School bag / skul b/
Architecture /rktektr/
Ill make a cake for Mike.
/al mek kek fr mak/
Did Rick rake the leaves?
/dd rk rek li:v/
Pick the music up tomorrow.
/pk mjuzk p tmr/
Look at the black bike over there.
/lk t blk bak vr er/
Luke fell off his bike and scraped his skin.
/lu:k fel f hz bak nd skrept hz skn/
Examples
key /ki/

cha kha
check /tek/

kim tra
clock /klk/

kha
school /skul/

trng hc
cold /kld/

lnh
could /kd/

c th
coat /kt/

o chong
cup /kp/

cc, tch
coffee /kfi/

c ph
pocket /pkt/

ti, v tin
scarf /skf/

khn qung
sky /ska/

bu tri
scooter /skut(r)/

xe tay ga
because /bkz/

bi v
carpet /kpt/

tm thm
milk /mlk/

sa
look /lk/

nhn
Identify the letters which are pronounced /k/ (Nhn bit cc ch
c pht m l /k/)
1. "k" c pht m l /k/
look /lk/

sch
milk /mlk/

sa
click /klk/

ting lch cch
check /tek/

kim tra
clock /klk/

ng h
2. "c" c pht m l /k/ khi n ng trc a, o, u v r
can /kn/

c th
cause /kz/

nguyn nhn, cn nguyn
cartoon /ktun/

tranh bim ha
carrot /krt/

c rt
cake /kek/

bnh ngt
cage /ked/

chung, ci
combat /kmbt/

trn u
comedy /kmdi/

kch vui, hi kch
curse /ks/

s nguyn ra, chi ra
custom /kstm/

phong tc, tc l
class /kls/

lp hc
clap /klp/

v tay
create /kriet/

to ra
crowd /krad/

ng vui
crude /krud/

nguyn, th, cha luyn
3. "qu" c pht m l /k/
quay /ki/

cu tu
queue /kju/

xp hng
technique /teknik/

k thut
antique /ntik/

c
coquette /kket/

ng nh
Lu :
"qu" cn c pht m l /kw/
quality /kwlti/

cht lng
qualification /kwlfa/

kh nng, nng lc
question /kwestn/

cu hi
quiet /kwat/

yn tnh
quarter /kwt(r)/

1/4
quarrel /kwrl/

ci nhau
quash /kw/

hy b
4. "x" c pht m l /ks/ v /k/
mix /mks/

pha trn
fax /fks/

gi, truyn i bng fax
sexual /sekul/

gii tnh
sexton /sek.stn/

ngi trng nom nh th, ngha a
anxious / ks/

lo u
luxury /lk.r.i/

sang trng
5. "ch" c pht m l /k/
chaos /kes/

s ri lon
chord /kd/

dy cung
choir /kwa(r)/

i hp xng
chorus /krs/

hp xng, ng ca
scheme /skim/

s phi hp
school /skul/

trng hc
scholar /skl(r)/

nh thng thi
character /krkt(r)/

nhn vt
cholera /klr/

bnh dch t
chemistry /kemstri/

ha hc
orchestra /kstr/

ban nhc, dn nhc
stomach /stmk/

d dy
monarchy /mnki/

ch qun ch
Practice

Bi 26 - Consonant /g/ (Ph m /g/)

Consonant /g/
Ph m /g/

Introduction

/g/ is a voiced consonant sound.
To make this sound:
Practice the sound /k/ first, then use the voice to say /g/ ....../g/

coat /kt/ - goat /gt/
curl /krl/ - girl /grl/
class /kls/ - glass /gls/
Game /em/
Girl /rl/
Ghost /gst/
Big /b/
Bag /b/
Begin /bn/
Again /en/
Beggar /ber/
Hungry /hri/
Agreement /rimnt/
Go get your mothers glasses.
/ get jr mr lsz/
Peggy begged to go to the art gallery.
/'pegi begd t t i rt lri/
Gloria gives gracious get- togethers.
/lri vz res get terz/
Please give me eight gallons of gas.
/pli:z v mi et lnz v z/
Maggie bagged all the groceries.
/'mi bd l rsriz/
Examples
get /get/

c c, ly c
ghost /gst/

ma
giggle /gg/

ting ci khc khch
gold /gld/

vng
good /gd/

tt
goat /gt/

con d
gate /get/

cng
girl /gl/

con gi
glass /gls/

thy tinh
bag /bg/

ci ti
clog /klg/

cn tr, tr ngi
frog /frg/

con ch
glue /glu/

keo, h dn
again /gen/

li, lm li
together /tge(r)/

cng nhau
begin /bgn/

bt u
give /gv/

a cho
guest /gest/

khch
Identify:
Ch c ph m "g" c pht m l /g/
Practice
Bi 27 - Consonant /s/ (Ph m /s/)

Consonant /s/
Ph m /s/

Introduction

/s/ is a voiceless consonant sound.
To make this sound:
Put your tongue forward behind your top teeth first.
Then force the air out over the top of your tongue.
Its pronounced /s//s/
Six /sks/
Star /str/
Bus /bs/
Class /kls/
Song /s/
City /sti/
Pencil /'pensl/
Sister /sstr/
Science /sans/
Century /sentri/
Its the worst storm Ive seen.
/ts wrst strm av si:n/
Miss Smith cooks the best feast.
/ms sm kks best fi:st/
Small Stephen still smiles sweetly.
/sml 'sti:vn stl smalz 'swi:tli/
Send Sue to the store on Saturday.
/send su: t str n strde/
The Spanish speak Spanish in Spain.
/ spn spi:k spn n spen/
Example
soon /sun/

sm
crease /kris/

np nhn, np gp
sister /sst(r)/

ch, em gi
price /pras/

gi c
piece /pis/

mnh, ming
bus /bs/

xe bus
sip /sp/

hp, nhp
star /st(r)/

ngi sao
sand /snd/

ct
Sunday /snde/

ch nht
sailing /sel/

vic i thuyn
sensible /sentsb/

c th cm nhn c
swim /swm/

bi
yes /jes/

vng, d
six /sks/

s 6
sleep /slip/

ng
say /se/

ni
exciting /ksat/

hng th
expensive /kspentsv/

t
instead /nsted/

thay cho
outside /atsad/

bn ngoi
spend /spend/

tiu, tiu pha
Identify the letters which are pronounced /s/ (Nhn bit cc ch
c pht m l /s/)
1. "c" c pht m l /s/ khi n ng trc e, i hoc y
city /sti/

thnh ph
bicycle /baskl/

xe p
recycle /risakl/

ti sinh, ti ch
center /sent(r)/

trung tm
century /sentri/

th k
cigar /sg(r)/

thuc, x g
circle /skl/

vng trn
citizen /stzn/

cng dn
civilize /svlaz/

lm vn minh, khai ha
cynic /snk/

ngi hay ch trch
cyclist /sakl/

ngi i xe p
cypress /saprs/

cy bch dip
Ngoi l:
soccer /sk(r)/

mn tc cu
sceptic /skeptk/

hoi nghi
2. "s" c pht m l /s/ khi: - "s" ng u mt t
see /si/

nhn thy
sad /sd/

bun
sing /s/

ht
song /s/

bi ht
south /sa/

phng nam
story /stri/

cu truyn
speaker /spik(r)/

ngi ni
sorry /sri/

xin li
sunny /sn/

c nng
Ngoi l:
sure /(r)/

chc chn
sugar /g(r)/

ng n
- "s" bn trong mt t v khng gia hai nguyn m
most /mst/

hu ht
haste /hest/

vi vng, hp tp
describe /dskrab/

miu t
display /dsple/

trng by
insult /nslt/

iu s nhc
instinct /nstkt/

bn nng, linh tnh
translate /trnslet/

dch, phin dch
colossal /klss/

v i, khng l
lassitude /lstjud/

s mi mt, chn nn
Ngoi l
cosmic /'kzmk(l)/

thuc v v tr
cosmopolitan /kzmpltn/

c tnh quc t
cosmetics /kzmetks/

m phm
dessert /dzt/

mn trng ming
dissolve /dzlv/

tan ra, ha tan
scissors /szz/

ci ko
possess /pzes/

s hu
- "s" cui mt t i sau f, k, p, t v gh
roofs /rufs/

mi nh
stuffs /stfs/

vt liu
books /bks/

sch
kicks /kiks/

c
maps /mps/

bn
taps /tps/

vi nc
nets /nets/

tm li
streets /stri:ts/

ng ph
coughs /kfs/

ting h
laughs /lfs/

ci
Practice
Bi 28 - Consonant /z/ (Ph m /z/)

Consonant /z/
Ph m /z/

Introduction

/z/ is a voiced consonant sound.
To make this sound:
Practice the sound /s/ first
then use the voice to say /z/ ....../z/
Zoo /zu/
Rose /rz/
Zip /zp/
Noise /nz/
Cause /kz/
zero /zr/
Easy /izi/
Music /'mjuzk/
Result /rzlt/
Example /zmpl/
He loves his new toys.
/hi lvz hz nju: tz/
Shes my friends cousin.
/iz ma frendz kzn/
My favourite music is jazz.
/ma fevrt 'mju:zk z dz/
What time does the zoo close?
/wts tam dz zu: klz/
Susans cousin leaves on Wednesday.
/'su:znz kzn li:vz n wenzde/
Examples
rise /raz/

s tng ln
zero /zr/

s 0
music /mjuzk/

m nhc
roses /rouz/

hoa hng
buzz /bz/

ting vo ve, r r
zoo /zu/

vn th
zip /zp/

ting rt (nh x vi)
peas /pz/

u H Lan
prize /praz/

gii thng
surprising /spraz/

s ngc nhin
is /z/

th, l...
noise /nz/

ting n
does /dz/

lm, thc hin
amazing /mez/

lm kinh ngc, sng s
these /iz/

nhng th, vic... ny
Identify the letters which are pronounced /z/ (Nhn bit cc ch
c pht m l /z/
1. "s" c pht m l /z/
- Khi "s" bn trong mt ch v ng gia hai nguyn m ngoi tr u, ia,
io
houses /hazz/

nh
nose /nz/

ci mi
noise /nz/

ting n
rise /raz/

tng, nng ln
lose /luz/

nh mt
music /mjuzk/

m nhc
closet /klzt/

phng nh
season /sizn/

ma
result /rzlt/

kt qu
resurrection /rezrekn/

phc sinh
Ngoi l
base /bes/

da trn, cn c
case /kes/

trng hp
basin /besn/

chu ra mt
loose /lus/

th ra
resuscitate /rsstet/

lm sng li
crusade /krused/

chin dch, cuc vn ng ln
- Khi "s" cui t mt m tit v i sau mt nguyn m (ngoi tr u) hoc
sau mt ph m khng phi f, k, p, t v gh
as /z/

nh, nh l
is /z/

th, l...
his /hz/

ca anh y (t s hu)
pens /penz/

bt
gods /gdz/

cha, thn linh
coins /knz/

ng xu
forms /frmz/

hnh thc
doors /dz/

ca
pencils /pentslz/

bt ch
windows /'wndz/

ca s
Ngoi l:
us /s/

chng ti
bus /bs/

xe byt
plus /pls/

cng vo
isthmus /sms/

eo t
apparatus /prets/

dng c, my mc
crisis /krass/

cn khng hong
Christmas /krsms/

l Ging sinh
2. "x" c pht m l /z/
xylophone /zalfn/

n phin g, mc cm
xenophobia /zenfbi/

tnh bi ngoi
xylem /'zailem/

cht g xylem
Lu
c trng hp "x" pht m l /gz/
exhaust /gzst/

mt mi
exist /g'zst/

hin din
exam /gzm/

k thi
example /gzmpl/

v d
Practice

Bi 29 - Consonant // (Ph m //)

Consonant //
Ph m //

Introduction

// is a voiceless consonant sound.
To make this sound:
Put your tongue up and back a little
Push your lip forward into a circle.
Its pronounced //....//
She /i/
Shop /p/
Sure /r/
Fish / f/
Push /p/
Special /spel/
Ocean /n/
Nation /nen/
Machine /min/
Musician /mjuzn/
Share the sugar with Charlotte.
/er r w rlt/
She wished she had gone shopping.
/ i wt i hd n p/
Dont mention her anxious expression.
/dnt menn hr ks kspren/
We serve delicious international specialties.
/wi srv dls ntrnnl 'speltiz/
This is a very special pronunciation machine.
/s z 'veri spel prnnsien min/
Examples
shop /p/

ca hng
sure /(r)/

chc chn
chef /ef/

u bp
ship /p/

tu thy
national /nnl/

thuc v quc gia
cash /k/

tin mt
fish /f/

con c
mash /m/

m hn n
wash /w/

ra, git
she /i/

c y
shoe /u/

giy
ash //

tro, tn (thuc l)
rush /r/

s cun i
push /p/

y
shack /k/

ln, lu
sheet /it/

t, tm
show //

biu din
shut /t/

ng
Identify the letters which are pronounced // (Nhn bit cc ch
c pht m l //)
1. "c" c pht m l // khi ng trc ia, ie, io, iu, ea
special /spel/

c bit
social /sl/

thuc x hi
artificial /tfl/

nhn to
musician /mjuzn/

nhc s
physician /fzn/

thy thuc
ancient /ennt/

c xa
efficient /fnt/

c hiu qu
conscience /kntnts/

lng tm
audacious /des/

liu lnh, gan d
ocean /n/

i dng
conscious /knts/

bit r, tnh to
2. "s" pht m l //
ensure /n(r)/

m bo
insure /n(r)/

bo him
pressure /pre(r)/

p lc, sc p
insurance /nrns/

s bo him
Persian /'pn/

ngi Ba T
mansion /mnn/

ta nh ln
tension /tenn/

s cng thng
cession /'sen/

s nhng li
mission /mn/

s mnh
3. "t" pht m l // khi n bn trong mt ch v ng trc ia, io
nation /nen/

quc gia
intention /ntenn/

nh
ambitious /mbn/

tham vng
conscientious /kntients/

c lng tm
potential /ptentl/

tim lc
militia /ml/

dn qun
4. Lu : "x" c th c pht m l /k/
anxious /ks/

lo u
luxury /lkri/

bn khon
5. "ch" c pht m l //
machine /m'n/

my mc
chemise /miz/

o lt
chassis /si/

khung, gm xe
chagrin /grn/

chn nn, tht vng
chicanery /kenri/

s ci, kin nhau
chevalier /,ev'li/

k s, hip s
6. "sh" lun c pht m l //
shake /ek/

lc, r
shall /l/

s, phi
sharp /p/

nhn
shear /(r)/

xn, ta
sheet /it/

l, t
shop /p/

ca hng
show //

trnh din
shout /at/

ku, la ln
lash /l/

qut, vt
dish /d/

ci a
push /p/

y
rush /r/

xng ti
punish /pn/

trng pht
mushroom /mrum/

nm
shelter /elt(r)/

ch tr n
shepherd /epd/

ngi chn cu
shiver /v(r)/

run ry
shampoo /mpu/

du gi u
Practice

Consonant //
Ph m //

Introduction

// is a voiced consonant sound.
To make this sound:
Practice the sound // first
then use the voice to say // ......//
Asia /e/
Usual /juul/
Rouge /ru/
Casual /kul/
Division /dvn/
Collision /kln/
Measure /mer/
Treasure /trer/
Television /telvn/
Conclusion /knklun/
Take the usual measurements.
/tek juul mermnts/
They found the treasure in Asia.
/e fand trer n e/
She occasionally wears her beige blouse.
/i kenli werz hr be blas/
They usually watch television for pleasure.
/e juuli wt telvn fr pler/
There was an explosion in the garage on Leisure Road.
/er wz n kspln n r n lir rd/
Examples
leisure /li(r)/

lc nhn ri
television /telvn/

tivi, v tuyn
pleasure /ple(r)/

lm vui lng
vision /vn/

s nhn, tm nhn
garage /g'r/

gara, nh xe
measure /me(r)/

bin php
treasure /tre(r)/

ca ci
casual /kjul/

tnh c, ngu nhin
unusual /njuul/

khng bnh thng
collision /kln/

s ng, va chm
barrage /br/

vt chng ngi
mirage /mr/

o vng
massage /msd/

xoa bp
azure /(r)/

mu xanh da tri
seizure /si(r)/

s chim ot
c pht m l //)
1. "g" c pht m l //
massage msd/

xoa bp
mirage /mr/

o vng
2. "s" c pht m l // khi n i sau l mt t nguyn m ng trc u,
ia, io
usual /juul/

thng thng
pleasure /ple(r)/

th vui
measure /me(r)/

o lng,thc o
erasure /'re/

s xa b
division /dvn/

s phn chia
conclusion /knklun/

tm li, tng kt
erosion /rn/

s xi mn
explosion /kspln/

ting n, s n
invasion /nven/

s xm lc
3. "t" c pht m l //
equation /kwen/

phng trnh
Practice
Bi 31 - Consonant /t/ (Ph m /t/)

Consonant /t/
Ph m /t/

Introduction

/t/ is the voiceless consonant sound.
To make this sound, begin to make /t/, then move your tongue back and away from the roof of the mouth as you say
//.
Don't use your voice to say /t/......./t/.
Let's see some examples
Shop /p/ - Chop /tp/
Ship /p/ - Cheap /tip/
Wash /w/ - Watch /wt/
Child /tald/
Chips /tps/
Catch /kt/
Change /tend/
Cheese /tiz/
Chicken /tkn/
Question /kwestn/
Sandwich /snwt/
Cherry /teri/
Chocolate /tklt/
Why don't you sit the chair?
/wa dnt ju st n ter/
Which one do you choose?
/wt wn du ju tuz/
Ill have a cheese sandwich.
/al hv tiz snwt/
Any questions for me, please.
/eni kwestn fr mi pliz/
The picture in the kitchen is by Czech artist.
/ pktr n tkn z ba tek rtst/
Examples
chain /ten/

dy xch
nature /net(r)/

t nhin
question /kwestn/

cu hi
church /tt/

nh th
match /mt/

trn u
cherry /teri/

mu anh o
chips /tip/

mnh v
cheap /tip/

r
chop /tp/

chn nn
catch /kt/

s bt, nm ly
watch /wt/

ng h
chin /tn/

cm
choose /tuz/

chn la
which /wt/

ci no
much /mt/

nhiu
check /tek/

kim tra
cheaper /'tipr/

r hn
lunch /lnt/

ba n tra
Identify the letters which are pronounced /t/ (Nhn bit cc ch
c pht m l /t/)
1. "c" c pht m l /t/
cello /tel/

n Vilngxen
concerto /kntt/

bn ha tu
2. "t" c pht m l /t/
century /sentri/

th k
natural /ntrl/

thuc t nhin
culture /klt(r)/

vn ha
future /'fjut(r)/

tng lai
lecture /'lekt(r)/

bi ging
nurture /nt(r)/

s nui dng
picture /pkt(r)/

bc tranh
miniature /mnt(r)/

m hnh
literature /ltrt(r)/

vn chng
temperature /temprt(r)/

nhit
3. "ch" c pht m l /t/
cheap /tip/

r
chicken /tkn/

con g
child /tald/

a tr
Chinese /'tai'ni:z/

ngi Trung Quc
chimney /tmni/

ng khi
chalk /tk/

phn vit
chat /tt/

ni chuyn phim
cheer /t(r)/

hoan h
chest /test/

lng ngc
chin /tn/

ci cm
choose /tuz/

chn la
church /tt/

nh th
channel /tnl/

eo bin
cherish /ter/

u ym
chocolate /tklt/

s c la
Practice
Bi 32 - Consonant /d/ (Ph m /d/)

Consonant /d/
Ph m /d/

Introduction

/d/ is a voiced consonant sound.
To make this sound:
Practice the sound /t/ first
then use the voice to say /d/ ....../d/

Choke /tk/ - Joke /dk/
Cheers/ tr/ - Jeers /dr/
Cheap /tip/ - Jeep /dip/
Age /ed/
Joke /dk/
Jam /dm/
Badge /bd/
July /dula/
Enjoy/nd/
College /kld/
Jealous /dels/
Germany /drmni/
What did you major in?
/wt dd ju medr n/
Would you arrange travel?
/wd ju rend trvl/
Theres some juice in the fridge.
/erz sm dus n frd/
Whos wearing a large orange jacket?
/hu:z wer lrd rnd dkt/
Languages are bridges between people.
/lwdz r brdz btwin pipl/
Examples
joy /d/

vui mng
gin /dn/

cm by
edging /ed/

vin, b
soldier /sld(r)/

binh s
judge /dd/

quan ta
age /ed/

tui
jam /dm/

mt
jeep /dip/

xe jp
joke /dk/

ni a
large /ld/

rng
jug /dg/

ci bnh
June /dun/

thng su
lunge /lnd/

lao ti, tn cng
Jill /il/

tn ngi Jill
Jew /du/

ngi do thi
hedge /hed/

hng ro
danger /dend(r)/

s nghuy him
Identify the letters which are pronounced /d/ (Nhn bit cc ch
c pht m l /d/)
1. "d" c pht m l /d/
soldier /sld(r)/

binh lnh
verdure /vd(r)/

s ti tt
schedule /skedul/

lch trnh
2. "g" c pht m l /d/ khi ng trc e, i, y v nu mt t c dng
tn cng l"ge"
cage /ked/

lng, chung
stage /sted/

sn khu
village /vld/

lng
cottage /ktd/

nh tranh
gem /dem/

vin ngc
gentle /dentl/

du dng
gin /dn/

cm by
ginger /dnd(r)/

gng
ginseng /dnse/

nhn sm
gigantic /dagntk/

khng l
gymnastic /dmnstk/

thuc th dc
geology /dildi/

a cht hc
Ngoi l:
get /get/

t c
gear /g(r)/

c cu, thit b
geese /gis/

con ngng
geyser /gaiz(r)/

mch nc phun
girl /gl/

c gi
gild /gld/

t im
giggle /gg/

ting ci khc khch
gizzard /'gizd/

diu chim
Practice
Bi 33 - Consonant /f/ (Ph m /f/)

Consonant /f/
Ph m /f/

Introduction

/f/ is the voiceless consonant sound.
To make this sound, touch your top teeth with the bottom lip
Blow out air between your lip and teeth and don't use your voice
It's pronounced /f/...../f/.
Five /fan/
Half /hf/
Fan /fn/
Phone /fn/
Cough /kf/
Coffe /kfi/
Photo /ft/
Funny /fni/
Orphan /rfn/
Factory /fktri/
This is my family photo.
/s z ma fmli ft/
Ralphs life is tough, but he laughs.
/rfs laf z tf bt hi lfs/
Freddy found fresh flowers for his friend.
/fredi fand fre flarz fr hz frend/
Frankie lifted her finger to show her sapphire.
/frki lftd hr fr t hr sfar/
He ate the fish and half a loaf of bread, then he left.
/hi et f n lf v bred en hi left/
Examples
fan /fn/

ci qut
phone /fn/

in thoi
laugh /lf/

ci ln
fat /ft/

bo
coffee /kfi/

c ph
rough /rf/

x x, gh gh
photo /ft/

bc nh
fin /fn/

vy c
feel /fil/

cm thy
fail /fel/

tht bi
fine /fan/

tt
sniff /snf/

ngi, ht vo
half /hf/

mt na
feet /fit/

bn chn
fill /fl/

, lp y
foal /fl/

nga con, la con
Identify the letters which are pronounced /f/ (Nhn bit cc ch
c pht m l /f/)
1. "f" thng c pht m l /f/
fan /fn/

ci qut
fat /ft/

bo
coffee /kfi/

c ph
fin /fn/

vy c
feel /fil/

cm thy
fail /fel/

tht bi
fine /fan/

tt
sniff /snf/

ngi, ht vo
half /hf/

mt na
feet /fit/

bn chn
fill /fl/

, lp y
foal /fl/

nga con, la con
2. "ph" v "gh" c pht m l /f/ trong mi trng hp
phonetic /fnetk/

thuc ng m hc
photo /ft/

bc nh
phrase /frez/

cm t
laugh /lf/

ci ln
cough /kf/

ho
orphan /fn/

tr m ci
rough /rf/

x x, gh gh
Practice
Bi 34 - Consonant /v/ (Ph m /v/)

Consonant /v/
Ph m /v/

Introduction

/v/ is the voiced consonant sound.
To make this sound, practise this sound /f/ first, then use your voice to say /v/......./v/.
Let's see some examples
Few/fju/ - View /vju/
Leaf /lif/ - Leave /liv/
Ferry/feri/ - Very /veri/
Vest /vest/
Van /vn/
Vote /vt/
Live /lv/
Have /hv/
Very /veri/
Invite /nvat/
Travel /trvl/
Every /evri/
Various /veris/
Stephen lives in a village.
/stivn lvz n vld/
Val survived the five hour drive.
/vl srvavd faiv ar drav/
Were leaving at five past seven.
/wi liv t faiv past 'sevn/
Theyve never voted in Virginia before.
/ev 'nevr vtd n vrdn bfr/
She is obviously envious, and I love it.
/i z bvisli envis n a lv t/
Examples
favour /fev(r)/

thin , s qu mn
oven /vn/

l ( hp bnh)
view /vju/

nhn, quan st
heavy /hevi/

nng
move /muv/

chuyn ng
veal /vil/

tht b
vine /van/

cy nho
veil /vel/

mng che mt
leave /liv/

di i
halve /h:v/

chia i
vest /vest/

o gi l
van /vn/

tin i, qun tin phong
vote /vt/

b phiu (bu c)
vole /vl/

chut ng
visit /vzt/

s thm hi, thm quan
invite /nvat/

mi
victory /vktri/

chin thng
available /velb/

sn c
various /veris/

a dng
Identify:
Ch c "v" c pht m l /v/
Practice
Bi 35 - Consonant /w/ (Ph m /w/)

Consonant /w/
Ph m /w/

Introduction

/w/ is the voiced consonant sound.
To make this sound, practise the /u/ sound first...
... then quickly relax your lips and use the voice.
It's pronounced /w/...../w/.
Week /wik/
Wood /wd/
Warm /wrm/
Where /wer/
White /wat/
Quiet /kwat/
Weather /wer/
Wonderful /wndrfl/
Question /kwestn/
Language /lwd/
Where will we go away?
/wer wl wi we/
Where will you be waiting?
/wer wl j bi wet/
The wind whistles in the wood.
/ wnd wslz n wd/
Im swimming in warm water.
/am swm n wrm wtr/
One of the twins walked twenty miles.
/wn v twnz wkt 'twenti malz/
Examples
win /wn/

chin thng
wood /wd/

g
wet /wet/

m t
one /wn/

s 1
when /wen/

khi no
queen /kwin/

n hong
we /wi/

chng ta
wheel /wil/

bnh xe
west /west/

hng ty
wine /wan/

ru
whale /wel/

ci voi
walk /wk/

i b
warm /wm/

m p
wonderful /wndfl/

tuyt vi
weather /we(r)/

thi tit
twelve /twelv/

s 12
quiet /kwat/

yn tnh
quick /kwk/

nhanh
sweet /swit/

ngt
way /we/

con ng
Identify the letters which are pronounced /w/ (Nhn bit cc ch
c pht m l /w/)
1. "qu" c pht m l /kw/
quality /kwlti/

cht lng
qualification /kwl..fke.n/

phm cht
question /kwestn/

cu hi
quiet /kwat/

lng, yu tnh
quarter /kwt(r)/

mt phn t
quarrel /kwrl/

s ci nhau, gy chuyn
quash /kw/

hy b, bc i
2. w c pht m l /w/
win /wn/

chin thng
wood /wd/

g
wet /wet/

m t
west /west/

hng ty
wine /wan/

ru
walk /wk/

i b
warm /wm/

m p
wonderful /wndfl/

tuyt vi
weather /we(r)/

thi tit
twelve /twelv/

s 12
sweet /swit/

ngt
3. wh cng c pht m l /w/
why /wa/

Ti sao
when /wen/

khi no
wheel /wil/

bnh xe
whale /wel/

ci voi
4. Ngoi ra mt s t bt u bng ph m c th c pht m l /w/
one /wn/

s 1
Practice
Bi 36 - Consonant /j/ (Ph m /j/)

Consonant /j/
Ph m /j/

Introduction

/j/ is the voiced consonant sound.
To make this sound, begin with the sound /i/ and move your tongue quickly to make the next sound.
Don't touch the roof of your mouth with your tongue.
It's pronounced /j/...../j/.
Young /j/
Year /jr/
Yard /jrd/
Yes /jes/
Queue /kju/
Yesterday /jestrde/
Usual /juul/
University /junvrsti/
Student /studnt/
Interview /ntrvju/
She is a young university student.
/i z j junvrsti studnt/
Im waiting in the queue for an interview.
/am wet n kju fr n ntrvju/
May I use your iron?
/me a juz jr n arn/
Yes, you may use it any time.
/jes ju me juz t eni tam/
Hes a popular hockey player this year.
/hiz ppjlr hki pler s jr/
Examples
yet /jet/

cn, hy cn
your /j(r)/

ca bn (t s hu)
use /juz/

dng
beauty /bjuti/

ci p, v p
few /fju/

mt vi
yellow /jel/

mu vng
yolk /jk/

lng trng
yak /jk/

b Ty Tng
yam /jm/

c t, khoai m
yes /jes/

d, vng
year /j(r)/

nm
yesterday /jestde/

ngy hm qua
student /stjudnt/

hc sinh, sinh vin
onion /njn/

c hnh
stupid /stjupd/

ng ngn
young /j/

tr, tui tr
beautiful / bjutfl/

p
music /mjuzk/

m nhc
produce /prdjus/

sn xut
millionaire /mljne(r)/

triu ph
Identify the letters which are pronounced /j/ (Nhn bit cc ch
c pht m l /j/)
1. "y" thng c pht m l /j/
yet /jet/

cn, hy cn
your /j(r)/

ca bn (t s hu)
yellow /jel/

mu vng
yolk /jk/

lng trng
yak /jk/

b Ty Tng
yam /jm/

c t, khoai m
yes /jes/

d, vng
year /j(r)/

nm
yesterday /jestde/

ngy hm qua
young /j/

tr, tui tr
2. "u" c th c pht m l /j/ hay /ju/
cure /kj(r)/

cha tr
pure /pj(r)/

trong sch, tinh khit
during /djr/

trong sut (qu trnh)
curious /kjris/

t m, hiu k
furious /fjris/

gin gi, mnh lit
tube /tjub/

ci ng
mute /mjut/

thm lng
mutual /mjutul/

ln nhau, qua li
humour /hjum(r)/

hi hc, hm hnh
museum /mjuzim/

nh bo tng
bugle /bjug/

ci t v
dubious /djubis/

l m, khng r rng
cucumber /kjukmb(r)/

cy da chut
endue /in'dju/

mc, khoc o
commune /kmjun/

x, cng x
immune /mjun/

min dch
3. "ui" c th c pht m l /ju/
suit /sjut/

b com l
suitable /sjutb/

ph hp
suitor /sjut(r)/

ngi cu hn, ng s
pursuit /psjut/

truy n
Ngoi l
tuition /tjun/

s dy hc
suicide /susad/

s t st
4. "ea" c th c pht m l /j/
beauty /bjuti/

ci p, v p
beautiful / bjutfl/

p
Practice

Bi 37 - Consonant /h/ (Ph m /h/)

Consonant /h/
Ph m /h/

Introduction

/h/ is the voiceless consonant sound.
To make this sound, open your mouth wide, quickly push out the air and don't use your voice.
It's pronounced /h/...../h/.
Hand /hnd/
Hill /hl/
Help /help/
Hear /hr/
How /ha/
Happy /'hpi/
Hospital /hsptl/
Husband /hzbnd/
Perhaps /prhps/
Ahead /hed/
Hi! Hello, how are you?
/ha hl ha r ju/
Does he have any hope?
/dz hi hv eni hp/
It's hot in here.
/ts ht n hr/
Can you help me for an hour?
/kn ju help m fr ha:f n ar/
Howard is hiding in Ohio.
/'hawrd z 'had n 'ha/
Examples
hello /hel/

cho
hot /ht/

nng
whole /hl/

y , ton b
ahead /hed/

trc ht
hill /hl/

ngn i
heel /hil/

gt chn
hand /hnd/

bn tay
hold /hld/

cm, nm gi
hear /h(r)/

nghe
high /ha/

cao
husband /hzbnd/

ngi chng
happen /hpn/

xy ra, xy n
hospital /hsptl/

bnh vin
horrible /hrb/

ti t
house /has/

ci nh
how /ha/

th no
hear /h(r)/

nghe
perhaps /phps/

c l, c th
host /hst/

ch nh
Identify the letters which are pronounced /h/ (Nhn bit cc ch
c pht m l /h/ "wh" v "h" thng c pht m l /h/.
Lu :
Trong mt s trng hp "h" khng c pht m v n c gi l "ph m cm"
hour /a(r)/

gi
honest /nst/

trung thc
honor /n(r)/

danh d, danh gi
rhythm /rm/

nhp iu
rhubarb /rubb/

cy i hong
Practice

Consonant //
Ph m //

Introduction

// is the voiceless consonant sound.
To make this sound, put the tip of your tongue between your front teeth.
Blow out the air between your tongue and your top of your teeth
Don't use your voice to say //.....//.
Thief /if/
Thin /n/
Three /ir/
Mouth /ma/
North /nr/
Thousand /aznd/
Thirsty /rsti/
Theatre /itr/
Author /r/
Everything /evri/
One third is thirty percent, right?
/wn rd z 'rti pr sent rat/
Kathy is the author of Math book.
/ki z 'r v 'mbk/
I thought he was an athlete.
/a t hi wz n lit/
Her birthday was last Thursday.
/hr brde wz lst rzde/
We both need something for our throat.
/wi b nid sm fr ar rt/
Examples
thief /if/

k trm
thin /n/

mng, gy
teeth /ti/

rng
thing //

vt
author /(r)/

tc gi
path /p/

ng i, qu o
worth /w/

gi tr, xng ng (lm)
thick /k/

dy
wrath /r/

s tc gin, phn n
myth /m/

truyn thn thoi
mouth /ma/

ming, mm
think /k/

ngh
three /ri/

s 3
thirst /st/

kht nc
thread /red/

si ch, si dy
hearth /h/

nn, lng l si
c pht m l //)
1. "th" c pht m l // khi:
- Khi n ng u, gia hay cui t
think /k/

ngh, suy ngh
thing //

vt
thorn /n/

gai nhn
thumb /m/

ngn tay ci
thread /red/

si ch, si vi
through /ru/

xuyn qua
mouth /ma/

mm, ming
month /mn/

thng
path /p/

li i, ng nh
truth /tru/

s tht
bath /b/

tm
breath /bre/

hi th
cloth /kl/

vi vc
sooth /su/

s tht (t c)
- Khi "th" c thm vo mt tnh t chuyn thnh danh t
width /wt/

b rng
depth /dep/

su
length /lek/

chiu di
strength /stre/

sc mnh
- Khi "th" ch s th t
fourth /f/

s th 4
fifth /ff/

s th 5
sixth /sks/

s th 6
Lu :
trong cc trng hp khc "th" cn c pht m l //
Practice

Consonant //
Ph m //

Introduction

// is the voiced consonant sound.
To make this sound, practise the sound // first, then use the voice to say //.......//.
This /s/
Than /n/
Their /er/
Bathe /be/
Breathe /bri/
Without /wat/
Father /fr/
Weather /wer/
Together /ter/
Clothing /kl/
My mother soothed the teething baby.
/ma mr sud ti bebi/
What are those things over there?
/wt r z z vr er/
Did you go there together?
/dd ju g er ter/
This one is better than the others.
/s wn z betr n i r/
Id rather not answer that.
/ad rr nt nsr t/
Examples
they /e/

h
father /f(r)/

cha, b
this /s/

ci, vt ny
other /(r)/

(ci) khc
smooth /smu/

nh nhng, m m
feather /fe(r)/

lng (chim)
than /n/

hn
there /e(r)/

, ch
those /z/

nhng ci
either /ir/

mi (trong hai)
bathe /be/

s tm
clothe /kl/

ph, che
with /w/

vi
breathe /bri/

ht th
booth /bu/

rp, lu
scythe /sa/

ci ht c
together /tge(r)/

cng nhau
another /n(r)/

ci khc
leather /le(r)/

lm bng da
Identify:
"th" c pht m l //
Practice
Bi 40 - Consonant /m/ (Ph m /m/)

Consonant /m/
Ph m /m/

Introduction

/m/ is the voiced consonant sound.
To make this sound, close your lips, use the voice and make the air through your nose
It's pronounced /m/....../m/.
man /mn/
Make /mek/
Milk /mlk/
Time /tam/
Game /gem/
Empty /empti/
Mirror /mrr/
Hammer /hmr/
Remember /rmembr/
Tomorrow /tmr/
My name is Emily.
/ma nem z 'emli/
Maybe my mother will make something.
/'mebi ma mr wl mek sm/
I'm coming home with them tomorrow.
/am 'km hm w m tmr/
My roommate's from Maine.
/ma rummets frm men/
Would you like homemade muffins?
/wd ju lak hmmet mfnz/
Examples
sum /sm/

tng
game /gem/

tr chi
more /m(r)/

hn, nhiu hn
hammer /hm(r)/

ba
bump /bmp/

s va mnh
camp /kmp/

cm tri
lymph /lmpf/

bch huyt
empty /emp(r)ti/

trng rng
temptation /tempten/

s cm d
come /km/

n, ti
term /tm/

hn, gii hn
time /tam/

thi gian
tomorrow /tmr/

ngy mai
summer /sm(r)/

ma h
family /fmli/

gia nh
maybe /mebi/

c th, c l
home /hm/

nh gia nh
remember /rmemb(r)/

nh
crumpet /krmpt/

bnh xp
make /mek/

lm, to nn
Identify:
Ch c "m" c pht m l /m/
Practice

Bi 41 - Consonant /n/ (Ph m /n/)

Consonant /n/
Ph m /n/

Introduction

/n/ is a voiced consonant sound.
To make this sound, put the tip of your tongue on the roof of your mouth behind your top teeth.
Use the voice and make the air through the nose.
It's pronounced /n/...../n/.
Nice /nas/
Know /n/
Nail /nel/
Sun /sn/
End /end/
Funny /fni/
Landlord /lndlrd/
Behind /bhand/
Neighbour /nebr/
Expensive /kspensv/
The sun shines.
/ sn anz/
The thin man is an African dancer.
/ n mn z n frk dnsr/
Tony has taken the train.
/tni hz 'tekn tren/
Nancy has many new friends.
/nnsi hz meni nu frendz/
I havent eaten a banana.
/a hvnt itn bnn/
Examples
nice /nas/

p
know /n/

bit
funny /fni/

(cu chuyn) bun ci
sun /sn/

mt tri
tenth /ten/

s th 10
anthem /ntm/

bi thnh ca
ant /nt/

con kin
behind /bhand/

nd sau
pensive /pensv/

trm ngm, bun
tense /tens/

thi ca ng t
hen /hen/

g mi
change /tend/

thay i
hinge /hnd/

bn l, khp ni
pinch /pnt/

ci kp
end /end/

kt thc
sound /sand/

m thanh
friend /frend/

bn b
landlord /lndld/

ch t, a ch
cone /kn/

hnh nn
mane /men/

bm s t
Identify:
Ch c "n" c pht m l /n/
Practice

Consonant //
Ph m //

Introduction

// is the voiced consonant sound.
To make this sound, touch the back of the roof of your mouth with the back of your tongue.
Use your voice and make the air through your nose.
It's pronounced // .......//.
Let's see some examples to distinguish between /n/ and //:
Thin /n/ - Thing //
Ban /bn/ - Bang /b/
Win /wn - Wing /w/
Sing /s/
Ring /r/
Long /l/
Bank /bk/
Sting /str/
Typing /'tap/
Moving /muv/
Reading /rid/
Morning /mrn/
Interesting /ntrst/
I'm hungry.
/am hri/
Good morning!
/d 'mrn/
Is something wrong?
/z sm wr/
Ive been waiting for a long time.
/av bn 'wet fr l tam/
How long have you been studying English?
/ha l hv ju bn stdi l/
Examples
sing /s/

ht
monkey /mki/

con kh
ring /r/

ci nhn
anger /g(r/

s gin gi
thank /k/

cm n
length /le/

b di, chiu di
instinct /nstkt/

bn nng
thing //

vt
think /k/

suy ngh
wrong /r/

sai, xu
hung /h/

treo
fling /fl/

s nm, qung
wing /w/

cnh
pink /pk/

mu hng
bang /b/

ting n ln
strong /str/

mnh, khe
morning /mn/

bui sng
happening /hpn/

xy ra
standing /stnd/

s ng
c pht m l //)
1. "n" c pht m l // khi n ng trc k v g
uncle /k/

bc, ch
drink /drk/

ung
single /sg/

n c, mt mnh
angle /g/

gc, x
anger /g(r)/

s tc gin
ink /k/

mc
trunk /trk/

hm, rng
Ngoi l:
"n" cc t sau vn pht m l /n/ v g ghp vi nguyn m pha sau to nn mt m
khc v c pht m l /d/
strange /strend/

l lng
challenge /tlnd/

th thch
stranger /strend(r)/

ngi l
danger /dend(r)/

nguy him
Practice

Bi 43 - Consonant /l/ (Ph m /l/)

/l/ is the voiced consonant sound.
To make this sound, put the tips of your tongue just behind the front teeth and use your voice to say /l/....../l/
Let's see some examples to distinguish between /l/ and /n/:
Night /nat/ - Light /lat/
Now/na/ - Loud /lad/
Snow/sn/ - Slow /sl/
Tell /tel/
Mail /mel/
Help /help/
Collect /klekt/
Difficult /dfklt/
Already /lredi/
Cool /kul/
Lung /l/
People /pipl/
Eleven /levn/
I'll call you later.
/al kl ju 'letr/
Linda doesnt feel well.
/lnd dznt fil wel/
Whats Lillys sleep problem?
/wt lliz slip prblm/
Dont eat a large meal late at night.
/dnt it lrd mil let t nat/
Listen to the lecturer and complete the application form.
/lsn t lektrr n kmplit i plken frm/
Examples
letter /let(r)/

l th
light /lat/

sng, nh sng
valley /vli/

thung lng
feel /fil/

cm thy
low /l/

thp
line /lan/

dng
jelly /deli/

thch
tell /tel/

bo, k
life /laf/

cuc sng
love /lv/

tnh yu
lecture /lekt(r)/

bi ging
little /lt/

nh b
allow /la/

cho php
alley /li/

thung lng
literature /ltrt(r)/

vn hc
lunch /lnt/

ba tra
look /lk/

nhn
late /let/

mun
complain /kmplen/

phn nn
lemon /lemn/

qu chanh
Identify:
Ch c "l" c pht m l /l/
Practice

Bi 44 - Consonant /r/ (Ph m /r/)

Consonant /r/
Ph m /r/

Introduction

/r/ is the voiced consonant sound.
To make this sound, curl the tips of your tongue up
Don't touch the roof of your mouth with the tips of your tongue and make the lip round
It's pronounced /r/...../r/.
Let's see some examples to distinguish between /l/ and /r/:
Long /l/ - Wrong /r/
Light /lat/ - Write /rat/
Cloud /klad/ - Crowd /krad/
Read /rid/
Store /str/
Grass /rs/
Bright /brat/
French /frent/
Really /rili/
Library /labreri/
Reporter /rprtr/
American /merkn/
Photographer /ftrfr/
Are you ready?
/r ju redi/
what are you reading?
/wt r ju rid/
Travelling by ferry is very interesting.
/trvl ba feri z veri ntrst/
The room is very brilliant and luxurious.
/ rum z veri brlint n lris/
Im really sorry for my wrong direction.
/am rili sri fr ma r drekn/
Examples
red /red/

rare /re(r)/

him c
right /rat/

ng, bn phi
wrong /r/

sai
sorry /sri/

xin li
arrange /rend/

sp xp
road /rd/

con ng
fry /fra/

dn, chin
grass /grs/

c
raise /rez/

nng, gi ln
crack /krk/

b kha
rich /rt/

giu c
very /veri/

rt
pretty /prti/

xinh p
proud /prad/

kiu hnh, t khc
parents /prnts/

cha m
everybody /evribdi/

mi ngi, mi ngi
restaurant /restrnt/

nh hng
marry /mri/

ci, kt hn
Identify:
Ch c "r" c pht m l /r/
Lu :
trong mt s trng hp "r" khng c pht m v n c gi l "ph m cm"
depart /dpt/

ra i, khi hnh
afternoon /ftnun/

bui chiu
forbidden /fbdn/

cm
wonderful /wndfl/

tuyt vi, k diu
storm /stm/

cn bo
airport /ept/

sn bay
quarter /kwt(r)/

mt phn t
Practice
BLENDING SOUNDS 1: INITIAL CLUSTERS
(Consonants clusters at the beginning of words)
Initial cluster l mt nhm (gm 2 hoc 3) ph m u v ng cnh nhau ca mt t,
khng b cch bi cc nguyn m khi pht ra m.
1. Bl-, Br-
Examples Transcription Parts of speech Listen Meaning
Black /Blk/ N

Mu en
Bleep /bli:p/ N

Ting bp bp
Blender blend(r) N

My trn, my khuy
Blow /bl/ V

Thi
Blue / blu/ N

Mu xanh da tri
Brain /bren/ N

B no
Break /breik/ V

Lm gy, b gy
Brick /brik/ N

Gch
Bright /brat/ Adj

Sng, sng chi
Broom /brum/ N

Ci chi
2. Cl-, cr-
Clap /klp/ V

V tay
Clause /klz/ N

Mnh
Clean / klin/ Adj

Sch s
Clear / kl(r)/ Adj

R rng
Climb / klam/ V

Leo, tro
Clock /klk/ N

ng h
Crack /krk/ V

Lm nt, lm rn,
Cream /krim/ N

Kem
Crime /kram/ N

Ti c, ti phm
Crimp /krimp/ V

Un, lm np (tc)
Crown /kran/ N

Vng min, ngi vua
3. Dr-
Draft /drft/ N

Nhp, bn nhp
Drag / /drg/ V

Li ko, ko l
Dragon /drgn/ N

Con rng
Draw /dr/ V

Ko, li ko, thu ht
Dream /drim/ N

Gic m
Dress / dres/ N

Vy
Drink /drk/ V

Ung, ung
Drive /drav/ V

Li xe
Drop /drp/ V

Git, s ri
Drum /drm/ N

Ci trng
4. Fl-, Fr-
Flag / fl/ N

L c
Fleece /fli:s/ N

Cm xp nh, bng
Flight /flait/ N

Chuyn bay
Flip /flp/ V

Bng, nh nh,
Flu /flu/ N

Bnh cm
Fly /fla/ V

Bay
Frankly /frkli/ Adv

Thng thn, trung thc
Freedom /fridm/ N

S t do
Frog /fr/ N

Con ch
Fruit /frut/ N

Hoa qu, tri cy
5. Gl-, Gr-
Glean /gli:n/ V

Lm nht, mt
Glide /lad/ V

Trt i, lt i
Globe /lb/ N

Qu a cu, tri t
Glue /lu/ N

Keo dn
Green /rin/ N

Mu xanh l cy
Grey /re/ N

Mu xm, m m
Grimy /rami/ Adj

y bi bn,
Grip /rp/ V

Cm cht, nm cht
Groom /rum/ V

Chi lng (cho nga)
6. Pl-, pr-
Plan /Pln/ N

K hoch, d kin
Plane /plen/ N

My bay
Play /ple/ V

Chi
Plough /plau/ V

Cy, xi
Plumber /plm/ N

Th ng nc
Practice /prkts/ V

Thc hnh
Praise /preiz/ V

Khen ngi
Profit /prft/ N

Li nhun, li ch
Promotion /prmn/ N

S thng chc, s ln lp
Pronoun /prnan/ N

i t
7. Sc-, sk-,sl-, sm-, sn-
Scope /skp/ N

Phm vi, tm
Sky /ska/ N

Bu tri, tri
Slight /slat/ Adj

Gy, mng manh
Slogan /sln/ N

Khu hiu
Slum /slm/ N

Khu nh chut
Smell /smel/ V

Ngi, nh hi
Smile /smal/ V

Ci
Smoke /smk/ V

Ht thuc
Sneaky /sniki/ Adj

Vng trm, ln lt
Snow /sn/ N

Tuyt
8. Sp-, st-, sw-
Spare /spe/ Adj

Tha, d, d tr
Sparkle /spkl/ Adj

Lp lnh, nhp nhy
Speak /spik/ V

Ni
Stare /'ste(r)/ V

Nhn chm chm
Step /step/ N

Bc, bc (thang)
Sticky /stki/ Adj

Dnh, by nhy
Stop / stp/ V

Dng li
Swan /swn/ N

Con thin nga
Swim /swm/ V

Bi li
Swing /sw/ N

S u a, lc lc
9. Scr-, spr, spl-, str-
Screwdriver /'skru:draiv/ N

Ci tua vt
Scrub /skrb/ V

Lau chi,c
Spring /spr/ N

Ma xun
Street /str:t/ N

Con ng, ph
Stream /str:m/ N

Dng sui
Square /skwe(r)/ N

Hnh vung
Scream /skrim/ V

Ht ln
Splendid /'splendid/ Adj

Nguy nga, lng ly
Spry /spra/ Adj

Nhanh nhn. hot bt
Sprite /sprat/ N

Yu tinh, yu qui
10. Tr-
Trace /treis/ N

Du vt, du tch
Train /tren/ N

Chuyn tu
Treat /tri:t/ V

i x
Tree / tri:/ V

Cy ci
Trendy /trendi/ Adj

Hp thi trang,mt
Trial /'trail/ N

S th nghim, cuc th nghim
Triangle /tral/ N

Hnh tam gic
Tricky /trki/ Adj

Xo quyt , th an
Trifle /trafl/ N

lt vt, chuyn nh
Trip /trp/ N

Chuyn i
Practice

Bi 46: Final Cluster
BLENDING SOUNDS 2: FINAL CLUSTERS
(Consonant groups at the end of words)
Introduction: Final clusters l mt nhm (gm 2 hoc 3) ph m cui ng lin nhau ca
mt t, khng b ngt, tch hay xen gia bi nguyn m khi pht m.
1. /-pt/, /-kt/, /-ft/, /-st/
Examples Transcription Word class Listen Meaning
act /kt/ V

hnh ng, ng vai
fact /fkt/ N

s tht, thc t
collect /klekt/ V

thu thp, su tm
select /slekt/ V

la chn
apt /pt/ Adj

c nng khiu
adapt /dpt/ V

thch nghi
left /left/ N

bn tri
lift /lft/ N

thang my
lost /lst/ V

lm mt
pest /pest/ N

cn trng

2. /-mt/, /-nt/, /-lt/, /-rt/
amount /mant/ N

mt lng tin
belt /belt/ N

dy lng, tht lng
dealt /delt/ N

s tha thun mua bn
flirt /flrt/ V

tn tnh
heart /hrt/ N

tri tim
hunt /hnt/ V

i sn, sn bt
melt /melt/ V

tan chy
salt /slt/ N

mui
sent /sent/ V

gi
short /rt/ Adj

ngn

3. /-md/, /-nd/, /- ld/
blonde /blnd/ Adj

vng hoe
bold /bld/ Adj

in m
hand /hnd/ N

bn tay
held /held/ V

t chc
hold /hld/ V

nm, gi
lend /lend/ V

cho mn
mend /mend/ V

sa cha
sold /sld/ V

bn
stand /stnd/ V

ng
told /tld/ V

ni

4. /-lf/, /-mf/, /-rf/
bumf /bmf/ N

giy t, ti liu
dwarf /dwrf/ N

ngi ln
elf /elf/ N

yu tinh
humph /hmf/ Exclamation

hm!!!
lymph /lmf/ N

bch huyt
myself /maself/ Pronoun

chnh ti
nymph /nmf/ N

con nhng
shelf /elf/ N

ci gi (sch)
surf /srf/ V

lt sng
triumph /tramf/ N

s chin thng

5. /-sk/, /-lk/, /-k/
ask /sk/ V

hi, t cu hi
bask /bsk / Adj

phi nng, thm nng
desk /desk/ N

bn lm vic
frank /frk/ Adj

thng thn
husk /hsk/ N

v kh tri cy
milk /mlk/ N

sa
silk /slk/ N

t, la
think /k/ V

suy ngh
thank /k/ V

cm n
talc /tlk/ N

tan, bt tan

6. /-lm/, /-ln/, /-rm/, /-rn/
barn /brn/ N

kho thc
burn /brn/ V

t chy
elm /elm/ N

cy du
farm /frm/ N

trang tri
film /flm/ N

phim, b phim
harm /hrm/ V

lm hi, gy hi
helm /helm/ N

tay bnh li (tu)
kiln /kln/ N

l nung( vi, gch)
learn /lrn/ V

hc
realm /relm/ N

vng quc

7. /-sp/, /-mp/, /-lp/
bump /bmp/ N

c va chm mnh
champ /tmp/ V

nhai, gm
imp /mp/ N

tiu yu
grasp /gra:sp/ V

git ly, chp ly
help /'help/ V

gip
jump /dmp/ V

nhy
lisp /lsp/ N

tt ni ngng
stamp /stmp/ N

ci tem
shrimp /rmp/ N

con tm
wasp /wsp / N

ong bp cy

8. /-lt, /-nt/, /nd/, /-nd/
bunch /bnt/ N

bi, chm, b, cm
belch /belt/ N

ting , s
bulge /bld/ V

phng ra, lm phnh
crunch /krnt/ N

ting ku rng rc
drench /drent/ V

lm t sng
orange /rnd/ N

qu cam
fringe /frind/ N

ng vin
lunch /lnt/ N

ba n tra
Welsh /wel/ N

thuc x Wale
plunge /plnd/ V

nhng, thc, lao

9. /-n/, /-l/, /-d/, /-/, /-n/, /-f/, /-r/
depth /dep/ N

chiu su
eighth /et/ Ordinal Number

ng th 8
fifth /ff/ Ordinal Number

ng th 5
fourth /fr/ Ordinal Number

ng th 4
health /hel/ N

sc khe
length /le/ N

chiu di
month /mn/ N

thng
seventh /sevn/ Ordinal Number

ng th 7
strength /stre/ N

s khe mnh
width /wd/ N

chiu rng

10. /-nst/, /- st/, /-kst/,/-dst/,/-lkt/, /-mpt/, /-nd/, /-ks/, /-rm/
against /enst/ Preposition

chng li
amongst /mst/ Preposition

gia
extinct /kstkt/ Adj

tuyt chng
mulct /mlkt/ V

pht tin
midst /mdst/ N

gia
prompt /prmpt/ V

nhc nh, thc gic
text /tekst/ N

bi vn
thousandth /azn/ Ordinal Number

ng th 1000
sixth /sks/ Ordinal Number

ng th 6
warmth /wrm/ N

s m p
Practice

Bi 47: Media Clusters

BLENDING SOUNDS 3: MEDIAL CLUSTERS
(Consonant groups in the middle of words)
Introduction:
Medial clusters l mt nhm (gm 2 hoc 3) ph m ng lin nhau trong mt t, khng b
ngt, tch hay xen gia bi nguyn m khi pht m.
1. /-br-/,/-bl-/ , /-bs-/, /-dr-/, /-dn-/, /-df-/
beDRoom /bedrum/ N

phng ng
FeBRuary /februri/ N

thng hai
heaDPHones /hedfnz/ N

ng nghe (in, i)
miDNight /mdnat/ N

na m, gia m
probaBLy /prbbli/ Adv

c kh nng
proBLem /prblm/ N

vn
puBLic /pblk/ N

cng khai, cng chng
suBJect /sbdkt/ N

mn hc
suBSidize /sbsda/ V

tr cp, ph cp
2. /-kt-/, /-ks-/, /-k/, /-gz-/, /-gn-/
aCKNowledge /knld/ V

nhn, cng nhn
blaCKTHorn /blkn/ N

cy mn gai
booKSHelf /bkelf/ N

gi sch
reCTangle /rektl/ N

hnh ch nht
eXCited /ksatd/ Adj

thy th v
eXam /zm/ N

k thi
eXaCTLy /zktli/ Adv

chnh xc
eXaggerate /zdret/ V

phng i
siGNificant /snfknt/ Adj

c ngha
struCTUre /strkt(r)/ N

cu trc
3. /-lb-/, /l-/, /-lk-/, /-lf-/, /-lm-/, /-lt-/, /-lv-/
beLLBoy /belb/ N

ngi khun vc
biLLBoard /blbd/ N

bng thng co
heLMet /helmt/ N

m bo him
heaLTHy /heli/ Adj

khe mnh
seLFish /self/ Adj

ch k
seLDom /seldm/ Adv

him khi
sheLTer /elt(r)/ N

ni n np
skiLLFul /sklfl/ Adj

kho lo
veLVet /velvt/ N

nhung, vi nhung
4. /-pt-/, /-pf-/, /-pr-/, /-pt-/, /-p-/
laPTop /lptp/ N

My tnh xch tay
caPTUre /kpt(r)/ V

Bt gi
oPTimistic /ptmstk/ Adj

Lc quan
oPTion /pn/ N

S la chn
sheePFold /ipfld/ N

Chung cu
snaPSHot /snpt/ N

Hnh chp
suPPLy /spla/ V

Cung cp
suRPRise /srpraz/ N

S ngc nhin
suPPLementary /splmentri/ Adj

B sung, thm vo
5. /-st-/, /-sp-/, /-sk-/ , /-stm-/, /-sw-/
aSPirin /sprn/ N

thuc aspirin
baSKetball /bsktb/ N

mn bng r
biSCuit /bskt/ N

bnh quy
cluSTer /klst(r)/ N

cm, m
ChriSTMas /krsms/ N

l ging sinh
coSTume /kstjum/ N

trang phc
hiSTORy /hstri/ N

mn lch s
houSEWife /haswaf/ N

v
suSPect /sspekt/ N

nghi ng
whiSPer / wsp(r)/ V

th thm
6. /-tm-/, /-tl-/, /-tn-/-tw-/, /-tb-/, /-tpr-/
aTMosphere /tmsf(r)/ N

khng kh
baTMan /btmn/ N

ngi phc dch cho s quan cp cao
beTWeen /btwin/ Preposition

gia
fiTNess /ftns/ N

s va vn, s thch hp
heaTPRoof /hitpruf/ Adj

c kh nng chng nhit
heaRTBeat /hrtbit/ N

nhp tim
ouTLive /atlv/ V

sng lu hn, sng st
seaTBelt /'si:tbelt/ N

dy an ton
treaTMent /tritmnt/ N

s iu tr
7. /-k-/, /-g-/,/ --/
blaNKet /blkt/ N

mn, chn
druNKen /drkn/ Adj

say ru, nghin ru
fiNGer /f(r)/ N

ngn tay
leNGTHen /len/ N

chiu di
loNGitude /ltjud/ N

kinh
luNGFish /lf/ N

c phi
maNGo /m/ N

qu xoi
streNGTHen /stren/ N

s khe mnh
suNKen /skn/ Adj

b chm
thiNKer /k(r)/ N

nh t tng
8. /- ldr-/, /-mpl-/, -ksp-/, /-ntr/, /-dl-/, /-kt-/, /-ngl-/, /-kst-/
chiLDRen /tldrn/ N

tr con, nhng a tr
coMPLlain /kmplen/ V

phn nn
eXPeNSive /kspensv/ Adj

t
eXPLain /ksplen/ V

gii thch
iNTEResting /ntrst/ Adj

th v
frienDLy /frendli/ Adj

thn thin
puNCTUre /pkt(r)/ V

m thng, trc thng
suNGLasses /snlsz/ N

knh rm
siXTeen /skstin/ N

s 16
Practice
Bi 49: Shwa //
Bi hc VIP
Shwa //

Nguyn m // l 1 trong 44 m trong Ting Anh v n l m duy nht c tn gi, m shwa //.
Nguyn m // c tn sut xut hin rt nhiu trong cc t vng.
Do l m rt ngn, nn trong Ting Anh nguyn m ny khng bao gi nm trong m tit c
nhn trng m.
Trong 1 s trng hp, m shwa // c th b nut m khi
- ng u ca 1 t
Examples: agree/'ri:/, about/ 'bat/
- ng gia 2 hay nhiu ph m.
Examples: police/ plis/, success/ skses/
* Tuy nhin, khi m shwa // l 1 m m ( n ng cui ca 1 t m khng c 1 ph m no
ng sau n), th n s khng b nut m.
Examples: finger/ f/ , sofa/sof/
Di y l 1 s quy tc pht m shwa // da trn cch vit chnh t
1. "a"
1.1. "a"ng m tit u ca 1 t
among
/ m/
Preposition

gia
about
/ bat/
N

v
afraid
/fred/
N

e rng, s rng
adapt
/dpt/
Adj

tra vo, lp vo
agree
/ ri:/
N

ng
assistance
/ sstns/
N

s gip
admit
/ dmt/
N

th nhn
admire
/dmar/
N

khm phc
appreciate
/ priiet/
N

nh gi cao
approve
/ pruv/
N

ng
1.2. "a" trong cc m tit cha -acy, -and, -ant/-ance, - ard, -graphy, -ham, -land, -man.
biography
/ barfi/
N

tiu s
photography
/ftrfi/
N

thut nhip nh
descendant
/ dsendnt/
N

con chu, hu du
assistant
/sstnt/
N

ngi tr gip
servant
/srvnt/
N

ngi gip vic
performance
/prfrmns/
N

s biu din
appliance
/plans/
N

thit b
reliance
/rlans/
N

s da vo, s tin vo
husband
/ hzbnd/
N

chng
highland
/ halnd/
N

vng cao
island
/alnd/
N

o
human
/ hjumn/
N

con ngi
German
/drmn/
Adj

thuc v nc c
woman
/wmn/
N

ngi ph n
accuracy
/kjrsi/
N

s chnh xc
legacy
/ lesi/
N

gia ti, ti sn tha k
orchard
/rtrd/
N

vn cy n qu
vineyard
/ vnjrd/
N

vn nho
2. "e" trong cc m tit cha -el,-ent, -ence, -er, -ment.
difference
/dfrns/
N

s khc bit
sentence
/ sentns/
N

cu
innocence
/nsns/
N

s trong sng
garment
/rmnt/
N

o qun
pavement
/pevmnt/
N

va h
provident
/prvdnt/
Adj

bit lo xa
hunger
/ hr/
N

s i bng
later
/ letr/
Adv

sau
ulcer
/ lsr/
N

ung nht, ung c
label
/lebl/
N

nhn hiu
parcel
/ prsl/
N

gi, bu kin
angel
/endl/
N

thin thn
3. "o" trong cc m tit cha -ody, -ogy, -oly, -omy, -on, -ony, -ophy, -or, -ory, -dom, -some,
-our.
apology
/pldi/
N

li xin li
psychology
/sakldi
N

trit hc
monopoly
/mnpli/
N

s c quyn
somebody
/ smbdi/
N

mt ai
philosophy
/ flsfi/
N

trit hc
theosophy
/ isfi/
N

thuyt thn tr
autonomy
/tnmi/
N

s t tr, quyn t tr
economy
/knmi/
N

nn kinh t
antimony
/ntmni/
N

(ha hc) ng-ti-moan
harmony
/hrmni/
N

s hi ha
doctor
/ dktr/
N

bc s
actor
/ ktr/
N

din vin nam
freedom
/fridm/
N

s t do
wisdom
/ wzdm/
N

s thng minh, khn kho
harbour
/hrbr/
N

cng
labour
/lebr/
N

sc lao ng
4. "o" trong cc m tit com-, con-, pro- ca cc ng t, po- ca cc danh t
compete
/ kmpit/
V

tranh ginh
complain
/kmplen/
V

phn nn
combine
/ kmban/
V

kt ni
contain
/knten/
V

bao gm
conductor
/ kndktr/
N

ngi ch huy, ngi ch o
converse
/ knv:rs/
V

ni chuyn, tr chuyn
polite
/plat/
Adj

lch s
police
/plis/
N

cnh st
potato
/ pteto/
N

khoai ty
propose
/ prpoz/
V

ngh, xut
produce
/prdus/
V

sn xut
promote
/prmot/
V

thng chc
5. "u" trong cc m tit -um/-umn, -us
autumn
/tm/
N

ma thu
column
/klm/
N

ct
maximum
/mksmm/
N

cc i
minimum
/ mnmm/
N

nh nht, cc tiu
platinum
/pltnm/
N

bch kim
circus
/srks/
N

gnh xic
lotus
/ lots/
N

hoa sen
August
/st/
N

thng tm
suspect
/sspekt/
V

nghi ng
suspend
/sspend/
V

treo
6. Trong cc m tit -tion, ssion, -sion, -ious, -ous, -ial, -ure
relation
/rlen/
N

s tin quan
education
/eduken/
N

nn gio dc
decision
/ dsn/
N

s quyt nh
passion
/ pn/
N

s am m
vision
/ vn/
N

tm nhn
delicious
/dls/
Adj

ngon ming
fabulous
/ fbjls/
Adj

hoang ng, thn thoi
studious
/studis/
Adj

chm hc
adverbial
/dvrbil/
Adj

c tnh cht ph t
artificial
/ rtfl/
Adj

mang tnh nhn to
facial
/ fel/
Adj

(thuc v) mt
brochure
/ br(r)/
N

cun sch nh thng tin v qung co
future
/ fjutr/
N

tng lai
nature
/netr
N

thin nhin
7. Trong 1 t, cc m tit cha shwa // thng nm bn cnh m tit nhn trng m.
agreement
/rimnt/
N

s ng tnh
amusement
/mjuzmnt/
N

tr vui, tr gii tr
adventure
/ dventr/
N

s phiu lu
addition
/dn/
N

s thm vo
banana
/bnn/
N

qu chui
composer
/kmpozr/
N

nh son nhc
computer
/kmpjutr/
N

my tnh
forgotten
/frtn/
V

qun
performance
/prfrmns/
N

s biu din, s trnh din
permission
/prmn/
N

s cho php
vacation
/vken/
N

k ngh
tradition
/trdn/
N

truyn thng
8. Trong mt s trng hp, s lng m tit ca 1 t c th b gim i do m shwa // b
nut m.
Examples:
in.te.res.ting -> in.tres.ting /n.tres.t/
his.to.ry -> his.try/hs.tri/
camera
/ kmr/
N

my quay
comfortable
/ kmftbl/
Adj

d chu, thoi mi
ordinary
/rdneri/
Adj

thng, thng thng
different
/ dfrnt/
Adj

khc bit
documentary
/ dkjumentri/
N

phim ti liu
medicine
/ medsn/
N

y hc, y khoa
miserable
/ mzrbl/
Adj

ng thng
ordinary
/rdneri/
Adj

thng, thng thng
practically
/ prktkli/
Adv

mt cch thc dng, thc t
secretary
/sekrtri/
N

th k
vegetable
/ vedtbl/
N

rau

Bai 50: Word stress 1

1. Trng }m ri v{o }m tit u nu: T gm 2 m tit:
+ m tit th 2 ca t gm mt nguyn m ngn

+ v kt thc vi t hn hoc bng mt ph m

answer / nsr/ N
cu tr li
chapter /tptr/ N
chng (s|ch)
summer /smr/ N
ma h
question /kwestn/ N
cu hi
during /dr/ V
trong sut( thi gian)
music / mju'zk/ N
m nhc
practise / prkts/ V
thc hnh
ticket /tkt/ N
tin tng, tin cy
traffic / trfk/ N
Giao thng
visit / vzt/ V
thm

Danh t gm 3 m tit:
+ nu m tit cui cha nguyn m ngn

+ v m tit th 2 cha nguyn m ngn v (hoc) kt thc khng qu mt ph m

agency /ednsi/ N
i l
company / kmpni/ N
cng ty
conference /ka:nfrns/ N
hi tho
Germany /d:rmni/ N
nc c
family / fmli/ N
gia nh
industry / ndstri/ N
ngnh cng nghip
library / labreri/ N
th vin
pregnancy /pregnnsi/ N
s mang thai
resident / rezdnt/ N
d}n c
restaurant /restra:nt/ N
nh hng
Danh t c 3 m tit nu m tit cui cha:
+ 1 nguyn m di

+ hoc 1 nguyn }m i

+ hoc kt thc bng hn 1 ph m

architect /:rktekt/ N
kin trc s
attitude / ttu:d/ N
th|i
consonant / k:nsnnt/ N
ph m
exercise /eksrsaz/ N
bi tp
extrovert / ekstrv:rt/ N
ngi hng ngoi
holiday / h:lde/ N
k ngh
interview / ntrvju:/ N
phng vn
paradise /prdas/ N
thin ng
photograph / ftr:f/ N
nh, tranh
radio / redio/ N
{i radio
2. Trng }m ri v{o }m tit th 2 nu:
T gm 2 m tit:

+ m tit th 2 ca t cha 1 nguyn m di hoc 1 nguyn }m i

+ hoc kt thc bng 2 ph m tr ln

account /kant/ N
ti khon
adapt / dpt/ V
tra (lp) vo, thch nghi vi
address /dres/ N
a ch
amongst /mst/ Preposition
gia
before / bf:r/ V
trc khi
beside /bsad/ Preposition
bn cnh
believe / bliv/ V
tin tng
decide /dsad/ V
quyt nh
detect / dtekt/ V
d ra, tm ra
decrease /dkris/ V
gim xung
relax / rlks/ V
gii tr, ngh ngi
rely / rla/ V
tin tng, tin cy
release / rli:s/ V
gii thot, thot khi
result /rzlt/ N
kt qu
ng t c gm 3 m tit nu m tit cui
+ nguyn m ngn

+ v kt thc vi khng qu 1 ph m

consider / knsdr/ V
cn nhc
deliver/dlvr/ V
pht hnh
determine /dt:rmn/ V
x|c nh, quyt nh
develop /dvelp/ V
pht trin
discover / dskvr/ V
khm ph
encounter /nkantr/ V
bt gp, chm trn
examine /gzmn/ V
kim tra
establish /stbl/ V
thit lp
inhabit /nhbt/ V
sng, ( ni n{o )
remember / rmembr/ V
nh
Danh t gm 3 m tit
+ m tit cui cha 1 nguyn m ngn

+ v m tit th 2 cha nguyn }m d{i/ nguyn }m i hay kt thc bng hn 1 ph
m

advantage /dvntd/ N
s thun li
agenda /dend/ N
chng trnh ngh s
banana /bnn/ N
qu chui
computer /kmpju:tr/ N
my vi tnh
dioxide /daa:ksad N
dioxit ( ha hc)
disaster dz:st(r) N
tai ha, thm ha
museum /mjuzi:m/ N
bo tng
papyrus / ppars/ N
cy ci, giy ci
potato /pteto/ N
khoai ty
tomato / tmeto/ N
c chua
3. i vi cc hu t
- Cc hu t khng nh hng n trng m ca t gc: -able, -age, -al, -en, -ful, -ing,
-ish, -like, -less, -ness, -ly, -ment, -ous, -fy, -wise

amazing /mez/ Adj
gy ngc nhin
beautiful /bju:tfl/ Adj
p
childlike /taldlak/ Adj
ging tr con
comfortable /kmftbl / Adj
thoi mi
glorify /l:rfa/ V
tuyn dng
happiness / hpins/ N
s hnh phc
hurriedly / h:ridli/ Adv
mt cch hi h
humorous /hju:mrs/ Adj
h{i hc, vui tnh
lengthen / len/ V
ko di ra
marriage /mrd/ N
s kt hn
otherwise /rwaz/ Adv
nu khng th
powerless /parls/ Adj
khng c hiu lc
punishment / pnmnt/ N
s trng pht
refusal / rfju:zl/ N
s t chi
reliable /rlabl/ Adj
|ng tin cy
- Vi cc hu t: -ee, -eer, -ese, -nique khi cc t gc kt hp vi cc hu t ny, trng
}m ri v{o chnh c|c hu t

Chinese /tani:z/ N
ngi Trung Quc
Vietnamese /vi:etnmi:z/ N
ngi Vit Nam
Japanese /dpniz/ N
ngi Nht Bn
interviewee /ntrvju:'i:/ N
ngi c phng vn
refugee /refjudi:/ N
ngi t nn
employee /mpli/ N
ngi lm thu
engineer /endnr/ N
k s
pioneer /panr/ N
ngi tin phong
volunteer / va:lntr/ N
tnh nguyn vin
antique /ntik/ Adj
c xa
unique /junik/ Adj
c |o
technique / tekni:k/ N
k thut
- Vi cc hu t: -ous, -ial, -al, -ic, -ion, -ity khi cc t gc kt hp vi cc hu t ny,
trng }m ri v{o }m lin trc hu t

accidental /ksdentl/ N
tnh c, ngu nhin
memorial /mmril/ Adj
(thuc) k nim
financial / fannl/ Adj
(thuc) ti chnh
advantageous /dvnteds/ Adj
c li, thun li
courteous /k:rtis/ Adj
lch s
ambitious /mbs/ Adj
c nhiu tham vng
gracious /gres/ Adj
duyn dng
dramatic /drmtk/ Adj
su sc
climatic /klamtk/ Adj
thuc v kh hu
energetic /enrdetk/ Adj
hng h|i
explosion /ksplon/ N
s n
occasion /ken/ N
dp
conclusion /knklun/ N
s kt lun
ability /blti/ N
kh nng
publicity /pblsti/ N
s cng khai
necessity /nsesti/ N
s cn thit

Bi 51: Word stress 2

WORD STRESS 2

Trong bi hc ny chng ta s xem xt v cch nhn trng m trong cc t ghp gm:
- Danh t ghp (Compound nouns)
- ng t ghp/ Cm ng t (Compound verbs/ Phrasal verbs)
- Tnh t ghp (Compound adjectives)
A. Danh t ghp
1. Cc danh t ghp c to bi 2 danh t th trng m s thng c
nhn vo phn u ca danh t ghp
airport /erp:rt/ N

sn bay
bathroom / bru:m/ N

phng tm
football /ftb:l/ N

bng
classroom /klsru:m N

phng hc
newspaper / nu:zpepr/ N

bo
hairdresser / herdresr/ N

th ct tc
toothache / tu:ek/ N

s au rng
girlfriend / g:rlfrend/ N

bn gi
sunglasses /snglsz/ N

knh rm
photocopy / fotoka:pi/ N

s sao chp
2. Mt s danh t ghp s c trng m ri vo c 2 phn nu phn th nht
miu t cht liu ca phn th hai
glass jar /'gls 'dr/ N

bnh thy tinh
plastic bag / 'plstk 'bg/ N

ti nha
tomato soup /t'meto 'su:p/ N

sp c chua
metal box /'metl 'bks/ N

hp st
steel container /'sti:l kntenr/ N

thng cha hng bng thp
fish cake /'f 'kek/ N

bnh dt lm bng c nu vi khoai ty
raspberry jam /'rzberi 'dm/ N

mt qu mm xi
wooden doll / 'wdn 'd:l/ N

bp b g
apple pie /'pl 'pa/ N

bnh to
orange juice / :rnd'du:s/ N

nc cam
3.Mt s danh t ghp c trng m chnh ri vo c 2 phn nu phn th
nht ni cho chng ta bit v tr hoc ni chn ca danh t th hai l
u.
car door /'k:r'd:r/ N

ca xe oto
front door / 'frnt'd:r/ N

ca trc
bedroom door / 'bedru:m'd:r/ N

ca phng ng
city centre /'sti sentr/ N

trung tm thnh ph
kitchen window /'ktn wndo/ N

ca s bp
ground floor /'rand 'flr// N

tng trt
bedside table /'bedsad tebl/ N

bn cnh ging
trouser pocket /'trazr p:kt/ N

ti qun
left hand /'left 'hnd/ N

tay tri
4.Mt s danh t ghp c to thnh bi 1 ng t v 1 gii t th trng
m ri vo phn th nht ca danh t ghp.(ng t)
make-up /'mekp/ N

trang im
break-up /'brekp/ N

chia tay
set-up /'setp/ N

c cu, cch b tr
comeback /'kmbk/ N

s tr li
feedback / fi:dbk/ N

kin phn hi
hang-over /'hovr/ N

ci cn st li
holdback /' holdbk/ N

s cn tr, s ngn tr
breakdown /'brekdan/ N

s cht my
check-in /'tekn/ N

s ng k khch sn
getaway / getwe/ N

s chy trn, s trn thot
5. Mt s danh t ghp c to thnh bi mt ng t dng -ing(V-ing)
v 1 danh t th trng m s c nhn vo phn th nht ca danh t
ghp ( V-ing)
washing machine /w: mi:n/ N

my git
swimming pool /swmpu:l/ N

b bi
running shoes /rn u:z/ N

giy( cho vic chy, in kinh)
waiting room / wetru:m/ N

phng ch
parking lot /p:rkl:t/ N

bi xe
reading lamp / ri:dlmp/ N

n c sch
dining room /'danru:m/ N

phng n
writing paper /ratpepr/ N

giy vit
sewing machine / somi:n/ N

my may
reading test / ri:dtest/ N

bi kim c
B. ng t ghp/ Cm ng t( Phrasal verbs/ Compound verbs)
Cc ng t ghp hay cm ng t c cu trc gm 1 ng t v 1 tiu t ( ph t, gii
t) th trng m s c nhn vo phn th 2 ( phn tiu t)
let down /let'dan/ V

lm ai tht vng
shut down /t'dan/ V

ngng hot ng
print out /prnt'at/ V

in
turn off /trn'f/ V

tt my
take over /tek ovr/ V

tip qun, k tc
break down /brek'dan/ V

cht my
fall away / flwe/ V

ri b ai
take off /tek'f / V

ct cnh
give up /v'p/ V

t b
move on /muv'n/ V

bt u
C. Tnh t ghp
1. Cc tnh t ghp trng m chnh thng ri vo phn th hai ca tnh t
ghp .
worldly-wise /wrldli waz/ Adj

tng tri
well-known /wel' non/ Adj

ni ting
broken-hearted /broknh:rtd/ Adj

au lng, au kh
broad-minded /br:dmandd/ Adj

c t tng rng ri, khong t
old-fashioned /old fnd/ Adj

c, c
cold-blooded /koldbldd/ Adj

lnh lng
dark-green /d:rk'ri:n/ Adj

en xm
easy-going / i:zi o/ Adj

d gn
self-confident /selfk:nfdnt/ Adj

t tin
good-looking /d'lk/ Adj

a nhn( ngoi hnh)
2. Mt s tnh t ghp c to bi 1 danh t ng trc 1 tnh t, trng
m s c nhn vo phn th nht ( phn danh t)
carsick /krsk/ Adj

say xe
seasick /sisk/ Adj

say sng
color blind /klr bland/ Adj

m mu
water proof / wtr pruf/ Adj

chng thm nc
duty-free /dutifri/ Adj

min thu
ear-splitting /r splt/ Adj

(m thanh) chi tai
world-wide /'wrld wad/ Adj

khp th gii
lifelong / lafl/ Adj

sut i
noteworthy /notwri/ Adj

ng ch
trouble-free / trblfri/ Adj

(k thut) khng hng hc, khng trc trc

Bi 52: Strong and weak forms of functional words

Strong and weak forms of functional words

Introduction
- In spoken English, to make the natural rhythm of the utterance, words can be classified
into 2 types:
- Content words: N, V, Adj, Adv
- Functional words: Pronouns, Conjunctions, Prepositions, Articles, Determiners, Auxiliaries
and Modal verbs
- Normally, in a sentence, the content words are fully stressed whereas the functional
words are unstressed or pronounced in the weak forms
- All words that have weak forms have only one syllable - they are monosyllabic (apart from
"any")
- Most of the weak forms use the vowel sound schwa //
- If you want to show emphasis or contrast, we can vary intonation by using strong forms
where we should normally use weak forms, e.g. "where've you been all day?" /bi:n/
- If a functional word comes at the end of a sentence we usually use its strong form, e.g.
"what are you looking for?" /f:/
1. Strong and weak forms of Pronouns (i t)
Examples Weak Listen Strong Listen
You
/ j/

/ju:/

He
/i/

/hi:/

She
/i/

/i:/

We
/wi/

/wi:/

Me
/mi/

/mi:/

Him
/m/

/hm/

Her
/r/

/h:r/

Us
/s/

/ s/

Them
/m/

/ em/

Your
/jr/

/ jr/

His
/z/

/hz/

Hers
/:rz/

/h:rz/

Examples:
Sentences Listen

I'll give it to him later /al v t t m letr/

"him" is weak
She's leaving tomorrow /iz li:vi tm:r /

"she" is weak
A: Will you be at the meeting on Friday? /wl j bi t mi:t :n frade/
B: Yes. Will you be there? /jes. w l ju: bi e/

"you" is weak
"you" is strong
A: Look! It's him /lk. Itz hm/
B: Where? I can't see him /wer? a knt si: m/

"him" is strong
"him" is weak
2. Strong and weak forms of Conjunctions (Lin t) and
Prepositions (gii t)
And
/n/ - /nd/

/nd/

But
/bt/

/bt/

That
/t/

/t/

At
/ t/

/ t/

From
/ frm/

/ frm/

Of
/ v/

/v/

To
/t/

/tu:/

For
/ f/

/ f:/

Examples:
1. He's already gone to work /hiz lredi n t wrk/

"to" is weak
2. She comes from Scotland /i kmz frm sktlnd/

"from" is weak
3. There's a bus to the village at six, but there's no bus back from there tonight
/ez bs tu: vld t sks, bt ez no bs bk frm e tnat/

"to" & "from" is
strong;
"at" is weak
3. Strong and weak forms of Articles (Mo t); Comparatives (So
snh) and "there"
Thng thng, ta dng dng weak form ca mo t, so snh, trong :
+ Dng "a" // trc danh t pht m bt u bng mt m v ph m (theo phin m)
+ Dng "an" /n/ trc danh t pht m bt u bng mt m v nguyn m (theo phin
m)
V d: "University" bt u bng ch ci nguyn m "U"; phin m cch c
l /junvrsti/
=> An university: wrong
=> A university: RIGHT
A cup of coffee, please
/ kpv kfi, pliz/

Mt cc c ph
A piece of cake, please
/ pisv kek, pliz/

Mt ming bnh
An invitation to the party
/n nvten t prti/

Giy mi n bui tic
An umbrella in the rain
/n mbrel n ren/

Mt ci trong ma
A useful present
/ jusfl preznt/

Mt mn qu ngha
A university
/ 'junvrsti/

Mt trng i hc

1. The new computer is better than the old one
/ nju kmpjutr z betr n ld wn/

"than" is weak
2. The old computer wasn't as good as the new one
/ ld kmpjut wznt z d z nju wn/

"as" is weak
Khi ngi ni mun nhn mnh, mo t "a" v "an" s c c dng strong form
3. I only have an apple/ a nli hv n pl/

"an" is strong
4. Only a girl is allowed to enter the house
/nli e rl z lad t entr has/

"a" is weak
Ch : trng hp vi there
+ Trong cu trc "there's" , " there are", there thng c pht m dng yu l //.
Chng ta pht m "there's" ~ /z/ v "there are" ~ /r/
+ Khi ch mt a im, there c pht m dng mnh
Examples:
1. There's a bridge over the river /z brdovr rvr/

"there" is weak
2. There are ten millimetres in a centimetre
/er ten mlimitrz n sentmitr/

"there" is strong
3. Where are my glasses? - Over there
/ wer ma lss?/ - / vr e/

"there" is strong
4. Strong and weak form of auxiliary verbs (Tr ng t)
Is
/z/-/z/ -/s/

/z/

Am
/m/

/m/

Are
/r/

/r/

Was
/wz/

/wz/

Were
/ wr/

/wr/

Have
/hv/-/v/

/hv/

Has
/hz/ -/ z/

/hz/

Do
/d/

/du/

Does
/dz/

/dz/

Can
/kn/

/ kn/

Could
/ kd/

/kd/

Should
/d/

/d/

Would
/wd/- /d/

/wd/

Examples:
1. Are you comming? / ju km/

"are" is weak
2. Who was that? /hu wz t/

"was" is weak
3. You can stay here if you like? /ju kn ste hr f ju lak/

"can" is weak
Khi mun nhn mnh, ta s dng dng strong forms:
1. Are you ready? - Yes, I am/ ju redi?/ - / jes. a m/

"are" & "am" is
strong
2. Can you play tennis? -Not now, I could when I was younger
/kn ju ple tens/ - /nt na, a kd wen a wz jr/

"can" is weak
"could" is trong
Bi 53: Pronouncing -s/-es & -ed endings

Pronouncing -s/-es & -ed endings

A. Pronouncing -s/ -es endings (4 trng hp)
+ Danh t s nhiu: How many penS are there in your schoolbag?
+ ng t thi hin ti n sau ch ng ngi th 3 s t: He goES to school by bus
+ S hu cch ca danh t: Mary'S brother is a doctor
+ Dng rt gn ca "is" hoc "has": He'S been a famous student since he was 15 years old
1. Pht m l /s/ khi t tn cng bng cc ph m v thanh: /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, //
Examples Word class Transciption Listen Meaning
Develops V /dvelpS/

Pht trin
Meets V /mitS/

Gp g
Books N /bkS/

Nhng cun sch
Laughs V / lfS/

Ci
Months N /mnS/

Nhiu thng
2. Pht m l /z/ khi t tn cng bng cc ph m hu thanh /b/, /d/, /g/, /v/,
//, /m/, /n/, /, /l/, /r/ v cc nguyn m
Pubs N /pbZ/

Nhng qun ru
Birds N /brdZ/

Nhng con chim
Buildings N /bldZ/

Nhng cao c
Lives V / lvZ/

Sng;
Breathes V /briZ/

Th
Rooms N /rumZ/

Nhng cn phng
Means V /minZ/

Ngha l, l
Things N /Z/

Nhiu th
Fills V /flZ/

in vo, lp y
Cars N /krZ/

Nhng chic xe t
Dies V /daZ/

Cht
Windows N /wndoZ/

Nhng ci ca s
3. Pht m l /z/ khi t tn cng bng cc ph m gi /s/, /z/, //, //, /t/, /d/
Kisses V/ N /'ksIZ/

Hn/ Nhng n hn
Dances V /'dnsIZ/

Nhy ma
Boxes N /'bksIZ/

Nhng chic hp
Roses N /'rozIZ/

Nhng bng hoa hng
Dishes N /'dIZ/

Nhng chic a (thc n)
Rouges V /'ruIZ/

nh phn hng
Watches V /'wtIZ/

Xem
Changes V /'tendIZ/

Thay i
Ch
Trng hp c bit vi m // s c 2 cch c l /z/ hoc /s/ khi thm _s vo cui cu,
v d:
Baths V/N /bS/ - /bZ/

Tm
Trng hp c bit vi t HOUSE ~ /haS/
houSES N / haZz/ Wrong

Nhng ngi nh
houSES N / haZz/ Right

Nhng ngi nh
B. Pronouncing - ed endings (ng t c quy tc thi qu kh
n)
1. Pht m l /d/ khi ng t tn cng bng hai ph m /t/, /d/
Wanted V /wntID/

Mun
Needed V /'nidID/

Mun, cn
Lifted V /'lftID/

Nng vt g
Translated V / trnsletID/

Dch
Collected V / klektID /

Su tm
Supported V /sprtID/

ng h, ng tnh
Landed V /lndID/

b (qun); nh c
Punted V /'pntID/

y thuyn (bng so)
2. Pht m l /d/ khi ng t tn cng bng cc ph m hu thanh /b/, /g/,
/v/, /z/, //, /d/, //, /m/, /n/, /, /l/, /r/ v cc nguyn m
Robbed V /rbD/

Cp
Hugged V /hgD/

m
Loved V /lvD/

Yu
Closed V /klozD/

ng
Rouged V /ruD/

nh phn hng
Changed V /tendD/

Thay i
Breathed V /briD/

Th
Climbed V /klamD/

Leo tro
Mentioned V /mennD/

cp n
Banged V /bD/

G, p
Travelled V /trvlD/

i du lch
Entered V /entrD/

Vo, xm nhp
Cried V /kraD/

Khc
3. Pht m l /t/ khi ng t tn cng bng cc ph m v thanh /p/, k/, /f/,
/s/, //, /t/
Stopped V /stpT/

Dng li
Looked V /lkT/

Nhn
Laughed V /lfT/

Ci
Sentenced V /sentnsT/

Tuyn n
Washed V /wT/

Git gi
Watched V /wtT/

Xem
Cch c tnh t c hu t l -ED:

Examples
Word
class
Transciption Listen Meaning

Naked Adj / nekd/

Kha thn
They found him half naked and
bleeding to death
Learned Adj /lrnd/

Hc thc cao
Mr.John is a learned professor at my
university
Beloved Adj /blvd/

Yu thng
I have read the novel "Beloved Oxford"
so many times
Aged Adj /edd/

Rt gi My grandmother is aged
Blessed Adj /blesd/

May mn He is really a blessed man
Dogged Adj / dd/

kin tr, bn b It's dogged that does it
Crooked Adj /krkd/

quanh co, khc
khuu
This road is very crooked
Ragged Adj /rd/

x xc, t ti
There is a man sitting over there in a
ragged jacket
Rugged Adj /rd/

x x, g gh
The countryside around here is very
rugged
Cursed Adj /krsd/

tc gin, kh
chu
She seemed to be cursed because of
waiting for me too long
Sacred Adj /sekrd/

thin ling, trn
trng
Human life must always be sacred
Wicked Adj /wkd/

xu xa, c c That was very wicked of you
Wretched Adj /retd/

khn kh, bt
hnh
She doesn't want to lead a wretched
existence in the slums
One/two/four-
legged
Adj /...-led/

1/2/4 chn Cats are two-legged animals

Bi 54: Glottal stop

Connected speech 1
Glottal stop

Speech is a continuous stream of sounds, without clear-cut borderlines between them
Connected speech is the term we use to describe a series of techniques that enable us to
speak English quickly by joining together words and sounds and the different aspects of
connected speech help to explain why written English is so different from spoken English .
Let's look at this sentence below and see the difference in the sounds and transcriptions
between them
Examples Transciption Listen Comment
1. It's important to
learn English
/ts mprtnt tu lrn l/

The utterance sounds clear and
correct, but over formal
2. It's important to
learn English
/tsmprtnt lrnl/

The utterance sounds more
natural, informal and relaxed
Trong v d 1, ngi ni pht m y tng t mt, khng c s ni m; cn trong v d
2, ngi ni c s ni m gia cc t, nn cu ni pht ra mm mi hn, t nhin hn.
Glottal stop is a sound made by stopping air as it passes through your throat. In some
varieties of spoken English, a glottal stop is often used instead of a 't' sound in the middle
or at the end of a word
Examples Transcription Glottal stop Listen Meaning
Better /bet/ /be/

Tt hn
Fitting /ft/ /f/

Thch hp, ph hp
A bit of butter /bt bt/ /b b/

Mt t b
+ Before a stop/plosive or a fricative sound
Examples Original transcription Glottal stop Listen Meaning
Football /ftb:l/ /fb:l/

Bng
Outside /atsad/ /asad/

Bn ngoi
Anthill /nthl/ /nhl/

T kin
Hit them /ht m/ /h m/

nh (m) bn chng
+ Before a nasal sound
Mountain /mantn/ /mann/

Ni
Fountain /fantn/ /fann/

Sui nc
Curtain /krtn/ /krn/

Bc mn
Button / btn/ / bn/

Khuy o
Bitten /btn/ /bn/

Cn
Important / mptnt/ /mpn/

Quan trng
Fitness /ftns/ /fns/

S va vn
Cotton /ktn/ /kn/

Vi cotton
Utmost /tmst/ /mst/

V cng
Atmospheric /tmsferk/ /msferk/

Thuc v kh quyn
+ Before approximant /w/ or lateral /l/
Atlas /tls/ /ls/

Tp bn
Dauntless /d:ntls/ /d:nls/

Gan d
Brightly /bratli/ /brali/

Ti sng
Quite well /kwat wel/ /kwa wel/

Kh tt
GatWick /'gtwk/ /'gwk/

Tn mt hng my bay M
+ When /t/ is the final sound of the final word in a sentence
Examples Original transcription Glottal stop Listen
See you later /si juletr/ /si juler/

I can't /a knt/ /a kn/

You're right / j rat/ / j ra/

No, I'm not /n, am nt / /n, am n/

Call me if you find it /kl mi f ju fandt/ /kl mi f ju fand/

Could you wait for him /kdjuwetfr hm/ /kd juwe fr hm/

Bi 55: Linking

Connected speech 2
Linking

In connected speech, words are usually linked together smoothly without a break between
them. This unit provides 2 types of linking words: consonant - vowel and consonant -
consonant
1. Consonant - vowel
Normally, a consonant sound at the end of a word is linked to a vowel sound at the
begining of the next word
Phrases/ sentences Transcription Listen
filL A cup /fl kp/

speaK It /spikt/

wriTE It /ratt/

reaD It /ridt/

justT A little /dst ltl/

drinK IT Up / drktp/

a whiLE Ago / wal/

boTH OF Us /bvs/

meeT AT Eight /mittet/

neitheR AM I /nrma/

aN houR An(D) A half /narnhf/

looK At that! BreakfasT In bed /lkt t! brekfstn bed/

thiS AfternooN At fouR O'clock /sftnuntfrklk/

I founD It /a fandt/

it'S Upstairs /tspsterz/

he'S AN Actor /hiznktr/

you puT OuT A fire /ju ptat far/

that'S A loT Of money / ts ltv mni/

you puT ON Your clothes /ju ptonjr klz/

that'S Enough! SwitCH IT Off /tsnf! swttf/

2. Consonant - consonant
Remember to pronounce all the consonant sounds in words, especially the ending ones.
The ending consonants of the former word together with the first ones of the latter word
make a group of consonants linked smoothly and try not to drop any sounds within that
consonant group
Phrases/ sentences Transcription Listen
arrival time /ravl tam/

drug store /dr st/

classical music /klskl mjuzk/

left handed /left hndd/

truck driver /trk drav/

orange juice / rnd dus/

dish towel /d tal/

portable television /ptbl telvn/

like them /lak m/

think they're /k er/

that's very /ts veri/

it's true / ts tru/

is this /z s/

this correct / s krekt/

and this /nd s/

this one /s wn/

I'm not / am nt/

not sure /nt /

last Friday /lst frade/

missed them /mst m/

they'll be /el bi/

next March /nekst mt/

was there /wz er/

this morning /s mrn/

Steve borrowed /stiv brod/

have keys /hv kiz/

keys for / kiz fr/

we'd better /wid betr/

right turn /ratrn/

one nothing /wn/

black car / blkr/

enough food / nfud/

bad dream /bdrim/

more rice /mras/

let's sit /letst/

same man /semn/

we'd better /wid betr/

Practice
Bi 56: Assimilations

Connected speech 3
Assimilation

Assimilation
(ng ha m)
Assimilation is the change in pronunciation of a phoneme under the influence of its
surrounding sounds.In other words, assimilation is the act of making two sounds in speech
that are next to each other more similar to each other in certain ways, for example "eleven
minutes"
After you have said "eleven", your tongue is behind upper front of teeth if you pronounce
the /n/ sound, which is the wrong position from which to form the next sound, which is
/m/.You get around this by changing the /n/ sound to /m/, like this: /levm mns/.You
also replace the last /t/ sound for a glottal stop, which makes the word even easier to say
There are 2 ways of direction change: regressive assimilation and progressive
assimilation.Regressive assimilation is the phenomenon in which the phenomenon that
comes first is affected by the one that comes after it.In contrast,progressive assimilation
is the phenomenon in which the phenome that comes first affects the one that comes after
it
Regressive assimilation
Examples Regressive assimilation Listen Meaning
news - newspaper /nju:z/ - /nju:speip/

Tin tc - bo ch
goose - gooseberry /gu:s/ - /gu:zbri/

Con ngng - qu b
five - - five pence /faiv/ - /faifpns/

nm - nm xu
describe - description /dskrab/ - /dskrpn/

Miu t
receive - reception / rsiv/ - /rsepn /

Nhn - chp nhn
twelve - twelfth /twelv/ - /twelf/

12
Progressive assimilation
Examples Regressive assimilation Listen Meaning
happen /hpm/

Xy ra
bacon /bek/

Tht mui
backs / bks/

Nhng ci lng
bags /bgz/

Nhng ci ti
moved /muvd/

Di chuyn
talked /tkt/

Ni chuyn
A.Assimilation of place
1. Alveolar /t, d, n / + bilabial /m, b, p/=> bilabial
Rules Examples
Original
transciption
Assimilation Listen Meaning
/t/ + /m/ =>
/p/
thaT Man /t mn/ /p mn/

Ngi n ng
tt
pockeT
Money
/pkt mni/ /pkp mni/

Tin tiu vt
/t/ + /b/ =>
/p/
greaT Britain /ret brn/ /rep brn/

Vng quc
Anh
baskeTBall /bskt bl/ /bskp bl/

Bng r
/t/ + /p/ =>
/p/
sweeT Potato / swit ptet/
/ swip
ptet/
Khoai lang
meeT People / mit pipl/ / mip pipl/

Gp mt

/d/ + /m/ =>
/b/
gooD Morning /d mrn/ /b mrn/

Cho bui sng
gooD Men /d men/ /b men/

Nhng chng trai
tuyt vi
/d/ + /b/ =>
/b/
gooD Bye /d ba/ /b ba/

Tm bit
closeD Book /klzd bk/ /klzb bk/

Quyn sch c
ng li
/d/ + /p/ =>
/b/
blooD Pressure /bld 'prer/ /blb 'prer/

Huyt p
fooD Processor /fud prsesr/ /fub prsesr/

My xay thc
phm

/n/ + /m/ =>
/m/
commoN
Market
/kmn mrkt/ /kmm mrkt/

Khi th trng
chung chu u
iroN Man / arn mn/ / arm mn/

Ngi st
/n/ + /b/ =>
/m/
suNBathe /sn be/ /sm be/

Tm nng
greeN Belt /rin belt/ /rim belt/

Vnh ai xanh
/n/ + /p/ =>
/m/
peN Pal /pen pl/ /pem pl/

Bn qua th
browN Peg / bran peg/ / bram peg/

Mc treo qun o
mu nu
2. Alveolar /t, d, n / + velar /k, g/=> velar
Rules Examples
Original
transciption
/t/ + /k/ or /g/
=> /k/
crediT Card /kredt krd/ /kredk krd/

Th ghi n
cuT Glass /kt gs/ /kk gs/

Knh c khc
hoa vn
/d/ + /k/ or /g/
=> /g/
harD Copy /hrd kpi/ /hrg kpi/

Bn cng
baD Girl /bd grl/ /bg grl/

C gi ti
/n/ + /k / or /g/
=> //
humaN
Capital
/hjumn kptl/ /hjum kptl/

Ngun nhn
lc
goldeN
Goose
/ldn gus/ /ld gus/

Con ngng
vng
Note:
In one single word, /n/ + /k/ => //
Examples Assimilation Listen Meaning
function /fkn/

Chc nng
monkey /mki /

Con kh
uncle /kl/

Bc
single / sl/

C n, l
angry / ri/

Tc gin
bingo /b /

Chi bingo
3. Alveolar /t, d, n / + dental /, /=> dentalized
Examples Original transciption Assimilation Listen Meaning
geT THere /get e/ /gee/

Ti
teNTH /ten/ /te/

S th t 10
baD THing / bd / / b/

Ci xu
4. Alveolar /t, d, n / + palato-alveolar or palatal /, , j/=> palato-alveolar or
palatal
Rules Examples
Original
transciption
/s/ + // =>
//
/z/ + // =>
//
dreSS SHop /dres p/ /dre p/

Ca hng vy
siX-SHooter / sks utr/ / sk utr/

Sng lc
buS-SHelter /bs eltr/ /b eltr/

trm xe but c
mi che
cheeSE SHop / tiz p/ / ti p/

Ca hng pho
mt
/s/ + /j/ =>
//
thiS Year /s j/ //

Nm nay
niCE Yacht /nas jt/ /nat/

Mt chic du
thuyn p
miSS You / ms ju/ / mu/

Nh bn
/t/ + /j/ =>
/t/
hiT You /ht ju/ /htu/

nh bn
haTE You /het ju/ /hetu/

Ght bn
wanT You /wnt ju/ /wntu/

Mun bn
greaT Year /ret j/ /ret/

Mt nm thng
li
/d/ + /j/ =>
/d/
/dz/ + /j/ =>
/d/
neeD You /nid ju/ /nidu/

Cn bn
maDE Your bed /med jr bed/ /medr bed/

ng ci ging
ca bn
woulD You /wd ju/ /wdu/

she neeDS
Your help
/i nidz jhelp/ /i nidhelp/

C y cn s
gip ca bn
/z/ + /j/ =>
//
where'S Yours? /werz jz/ /wer z/

Ci ca bn u
TheSE Years /iz j/ /i/

My nm nay
She'S Young /iz j/ /i /

C y tr
He loveS You / hi lvz ju/ / hi lv u/

Anh y yu bn
B.Assimilation of manner
1. Plossive /t, d/ + fricative /s, z/=> fricative
Rules Examples
Original
transciption
/t/ + /s/ => /s/ ThaT Side /t sad/ /s sad/

Mt kia
/t/ + /z/ => /z/ thaT Zoo /t zu/ /z zu/

Vn th kia
/d/ + s/ => /s/ gooD Song /d s/ /s s/

Bi ht hay
/d/ + /z/ => /z/ baD Zone /bd zn/ /bz zn/

Khu vc xu
2. Plossive /d/ + nasal /n/=> nasal
Examples Original transciption Assimilation Listen Meaning
gooD News /d njuz/ /n njuz/

Tin tt
baD News /bd nju:z/ /bn nju:z/

Tin xu
C.Assimilation of voice
With regressive assimilation, final voiced consonants have no voicing when folllowed by
initial voiceless consonants
Examples Assimilation Listen
have - have to /hv/ - /hf tu/

has - has to /hz / - /hs tu/

used - used to /ju:zd/ - /ju:st tu/

Dick's / dk's/

Bob's /bb'z/

shaved /evd/

coughed /kft/

Bi 57: Contractions

CONNECTED SPEECH 4 CONTRACTIONS

Dng rt gn trong ting Anh (contractions) c dng trong trng hp rt ngn
mt t bng cch b i mt hoc mt vi ch c|i. Ngi ta thng s dng dng rt
gn ny cho cc tr ng t.

C th nhn thy, du (') l{ c im nhn dng ca cc t rt gn. Du (') xut hin
ng v tr ca nhng ch c|i c lc b. V d: chng ta vit can't ch khng vit
ca'nt.

Hu nh c|c t rt gn c lin quan n not th v tr ca du (') u gia ch n v
ch t.

1. Dng rt gn khng nh (Possitive contractions)
Full/strong form Contraction/ weak form Transcription Listen Examples
Listen
am 'm /m/
I 'm going on a hike tomorrow.
is 's
/s/ or /z/
She 's watching TV at the moment.
are 're /r/
They 're studying German this afternoon.
will 'll /l/
She 'll be at the meeting tomorrow.
would 'd /d/
He 'd prefer to meet you later in the week.
have 've /v/
You 've been to London many times.
has 's
/s/ or /z/
He 's worked here for 5 years.
had 'd /d/
We 'd better hurry up if we want to catch the train
2. Dng rt gn ph nh (Negative contractions)
Listen
is not isn't /znt/
She isn't listening to you.
are not aren't /rnt/
They aren't coming next week.
will not won't / wont/
I won't be able to attend the conference.
would not wouldn't /wdnt
She wouldn't be surprised if he showed up at the party.
was not wasn't wznt
I wasn't joking when I said that.
were not weren't /wnt/
They weren't invited to the party.
has not hasn't /hznt/
She hasn't finished her homework yet.
have not haven't /hvnt/
I haven't finished my homework.
had not hadn't /hdnt/
I hadn't thought of that!
does not doesn't / dznt/
He doesn't play golf.
do not don't /dont/
They don't like cheese.
need not needn't / nidnt/
You needn't worry about that.
must not mustn't /msnt/
Children mustn't play with fire.
cannot can't /knt/
I can't understand you.
could not couldn't / kdnt/
He couldn't get his shoes on!
3. Mt s dng rt gn (contractions) c th c s dng trong vn vit thn mt
hoc trong vn ni
Listen
and 'n' /n/
Rock 'n' Roll
give me gimme / mi/
Can you gimme a hand?
going to gonna /n/
Nothing's gonna change my love for you.
got to gotta /t/
I've gotta go now.
isn't it innit / nt/
That's smart, innit?
them 'em /m/
Don't let 'em get away.
him 'im /m/
Tell 'im to come now!
because 'cos /kz/
I can't see her at all, 'cos it's too dark.
let us let's /lets/
Let's go
want to wanna / wn/
I wanna go home.
Bi 58: Elision

ELISION

Elision is the leaving out or disappearance of sounds in rapid speech.This unit provides 2
types of elision: Disappearance/elision of vowels and disappearance/elision of consonants.
1. DISAPPEARANCE/ ELISION OF VOWELS
// can be disappeared after plosives /p/, /t/, /k/
Examples
No elision Elision
Meaning

Trancription Listen Trancription Listen
potato
/pteto/

/pteto/

khoai ty
polite
/plat/

/plat/

lch s
police
/plis/

/plis/

cnh st
confuse
/ knfjuz/

/knfjuz/

t chi
combine
/kmban/

/kmban/

kt hp
canary
/kneri/

/kneri/

chim hong yn
tonight
/tnat/

/tnat/

ti nay
tomato
/tmt/

/tmt/
qu c chua
2. DISAPPEARANCE/ ELISION OF CONSONANTS
2.1. Simplification of consonant groups
In fast speech, /t/ and /d/ are often very reduced or omitted in groups of three (or more)
consonants across word boundaries.
Form: C1-C2-C3-(C4) -> C1-C3-(C4)
C1= stop/ fricative/nasal
C2=alveolar plosives /t/ or /d/
Example:
gold ring /old r/->/ol r/
2.1.1 alveolar plosive voiceless /t/
Sound Examples
No elision Elision
Meaning

stop
/p/
/k/
single
words
scripts
/skrpts/

/skrps/

kch bn
accepts
/ksepts/

/kseps/

chp nhn
acts
/kts/

/ks/

hnh ng
word
phrases
slept late
/slept let/

/slep let/

i ng
mun
kept quiet
/keptkwat/

/kepkwat/

gi yn
lng
looked back
/lkt bk/

/lk bk/

nhn li
fricative
/s/
single
words
investment
/nvestmnt/

/nvesmnt/

s u t
guests
/ests/

/es/

nhng v
khch
postpone
/postpon/

/pospon/

hon li
word
phrases
first thing
/frst /

/frs /

iu u
tin
most
famous
/most
fems/

/mos
fems/

ni ting
nht
worst joke
/wrst dok/

/wrs dok/

li a t
nht
nasal
/m/
/n/
single
words
penthouse
/penthas/

/penhas/

cn h ln
trn tng
mi
stuntman
/stntmn/

/stnmn/

din vin
ng th
studentship
/studnt p/

/studn p/

hc bng
word
phrases
lent me
/lent mi/

/len mi/

cho ti
mn
sent them
/sent m/

/sen m/

gi cho h
burnt skin
/brnt skn/

//b rnskn/

da b bng
2.1.2 alveolar plosive voiced /d/
Sounds
Examples
No elision Elision
Meaning

Nasal
/n/
spend money
/spend mni/

/spen mni/

tiu tin
blind man
/bland mn/

/blan mn/

ngi n
ng m
kind nurse
/kand nrs/

/kan nrs/

ngi t tt
bng
canned bacon
/knd bekn/

/kn bekn/

tht hp
Nasal
/m/
skimmed milk
/skmd mlk/

/skm mlk/

sa khng
cht bo
it seemed
good
/t simd d/

/t sim d/
c v rt tt
filmed that
movie
/flmd t
muvi/

/flm t muvi/
lm phim
2.2-elision of identical consonants
Examples
No elision Elision
Meaning

next to
/nekst t/

/neks t/

cnh, gn
lamp post
/lmp post/

/lm post/

n cao p
six students
/sks studnts/

/sk studnts/

6 sinh vin
lettuce
salad
/lets sld/

/let sld/

rau dip trn du gim
kept talking
/kept tk/

/kep tk/

c ni
2.3-Elision of /v/ in OF before consonants
Examples
No elision Elision
Meaning

Both of them
/bo v m/

/bo m/

c 2 ngi
A lot of
candies
/ lt v kndiz/

/ lt kndiz/

nhiu ko
Most of
people
/most vpipl

/most pipl/

hu ht mi
ngi
One of my
favourite
songs
/wn v ma fevrt
sz/

/wn ma fevrt
sz/

1 trong nhng
bi ht yu thch
ca ti
A few of them
/ fju v m/

/ fju m/

1 vi ngi trong
s h
2.4-elision of initial glottal sound /h/ in HE, HIM, HIS, HER(S)
Examples
No elision Elision
Meaning

You must tell
him
/ju mst tel hm/

/ju ms tel-m/

Bn phi ni vi anh y.
Where's he?
/wers hi/

/wers-i/

Anh y u ri?
I broke his
watch
/a brok hz
wt/

/a brok-z
wt/

Ti lm v ci ng
h ca anh y.
I will call her
/a wl kl hr/

/a wl kl-r/

Ti s gi cho c y.
It's hers.
/ ts hrz/

/ts-rz/

l ca c y.
Bi 59: Intrusion

CONNECTED SPEECH 6
INTRUSION

In connected speech, words are usually linked together smoothly without a break between
them. We often put an extra sound between two vowel sounds to facilitate articulation. It is
regarded as intrusion
1.Intrusive /w/ is added between 2 words when the former word
ending in /u/, /o/, /a/ is followed by the latter word beginning
with a vowel
too old /tuwold/

qu gi
who is /huwz/

l ai
do all /du:wl/

lm tt c
go out /owat/

ra ngoi
so expensive /sowkspensv/

qu t
no answer /nownsr/

khng tr li
how are you /hawr ju:/

bn c khe khng
now and then /nawnen/

thnh thong
allow him /lawm/

cho php anh y
2. Intrusive /j/ is added between 2 words when a former word
ending in/i:/,/e/, /a/ is followed by a latter word beginning with a
vowel
I agree /ajri/

Ti ng
I try it / atrajt/

Ti th n
my eyes /majaz/

Mt ca ti
the end /ijend/

Cui cng
she asked /ijskt

C y hi
we invite /wijnvat/

Chng ti mi
day and night /dejndnat/

ngy v m
free on Saturday / frijn strde/

rnh vo th 7
any ideas /enijadz/

bt c kin no
3. Intrusive /r/ is added between 2 words when a former word
ending in/:/, // is followed by a latter word beginning with a vowel
saw it /srt/

nhn thy n
Law and Order / lrndrdr/

(tn 1 chng trnh truyn hnh ca M)
media exploitation /midireksplten/

S khai thc phng tin i chng
Bi 60: Silent letters

SILENT LETTERS

Introduction
A silent letter is a letter that appears in a particular word but not pronounced such as the 'b'
in 'douBt'/dat /.There are a lot of silent letters in English, and they create problems for
both native and non-native speakers of English, because they make it more difficult to
guess the spelling of many spoken words or the pronunciation of many written words
1. Silent letter "A"
artisticAlly /rtstkli/

kho lo, sc so
logicAlly /ldkli/

logic
musicAlly /mjuzkli/

thin v m nhc
physicAlly /fzkli/

v thn th, theo lut t nhin
criticAlly /krtkli/

ch trch, trch c, trm trng
2. Silent letter "B"
deBt /det/

n nn
douBt / dat/

nghi ng, do d
jamB /dm/

rm ca
lamB / lm/

cu non
thumB /m/

ngn ci
numB /nm/

t cng, t lit
crumB /krm/

mnh vn, b vn
dumB /dm /

cm, khng ku
plumBer /plm(r)/

th hn ch
bomB /bm/

qu bom
comB /km/

ci lc
tomB /tum/

m m, chn ct
climB /klam/

leo tro
3. Silent letter "C"
sCent /sent/

hng thm
sCience /sans/

khoa hc
sCene /sin/

cnh (phim)
sCenery /sinri/

phong cnh
asCent /sent/

s i ln
cresCent /kresnt/

trng li lim
desCend /dsend/

m gim dn
knoCk /nk/

kha
4. Silent letter "D"
baDge /bd/

huy hiu
eDge /ed/

mi sc
leDge /led/

g, ra, ngm
heDge /hed/

hng ro
weDge /wed/

ci ba
weDnesday /wenzde/

th 4
hanDsome /hnsm/

p trai
hanDkerchief /hktf/

khn tay
5. Silent letter "E"
likE /lak/

thch
lovE /lv/

yu
hatE /het/

ght
changE /tend/

thay i
agE /ed/

tui tc
genE /din/

gen
pleasE /pliz/

lm n
vegetablE /vedtbl/

rau
bridgE /brd/

cy cu
clothEs /klz/ - /klz/

qun o
6. Silent letter "G"
siGn /san/

du hiu, k hiu
resiGn /rzan/

t chc
desiGn /dzan/

thit k
Gnaw /n/

gm nhm
Gnat /nt/

mui nh
Gnash (your teeth) /n/

nghin rng
Gnome /nm /

ti phit
foreiGner /frnr/

ngi nc ngoi
7. Silent letter "H"
wHat /wt/

ci g
wHen /wen/

khi no
wHy /wa/

ti sao
wHich /wt/

ci no
wHere /wer/

u
wHether /wer/

lin t la chn
wHile /wal/

trong khi
wHite /wat/

mu trng
Hour /ar/

gi
Honest /nst/

trung thc, tht th
Honor /nr/

knh trng, tn trng
rHythm /rm/

nhp iu
Herb /(h)rb/

bi c
tHailand / talnd/

nc Thi lan
Ch :
silent letter of GH appears when g, h and t are together
liGHt /lat/

n
neiGHbor /nebr/

hng xm
fiGHt /fat/

chin u
riGHt /rat/

ng, phi
fliGHt /flat/

chuyn bay
tiGHt /tat/

cht, kht
miGHt /mat/

c th
hiGH /ha/

cao
heiGHt /hat/

chiu cao
weiGHt /wet/

cn nng
eiGHt /et/

s 8
throuGH /ru/

xuyn qua
8. Silent letter "I"
busIness /bzns/

kinh doanh
parlIament /prlmnt/

quc hi
9. Silent letter "K"
Knight /nat/

hip s
Knee /ni/

u gi
Knife /naf/

con dao
Know /n/

bit
Kneel /nil/

qu gi
Knock /nk/

g ca
Knob /nb/

u biu, qu m
Knuckle /nkl/

khp, khyu
Knack /nk/

s trng
10. Silent letter "L"
paLm /pm/

cy c
taLk /tk/

ni chuyn
waLk /wk/

i b
foLk /fk/

dn gian
haLf /hf/

mt na
couLd /kd/

c th (qu kh can)
shouLd /d/

nn
wouLd /wd/

s (qu kh will)
caLf /kf /

con b
caLm /km/

bnh tnh
11. Silent letter "N"
autumN /tm/

ma thu
damN /dm/

li nguyn
hymN /hm/

bi thnh ca
columN /klm/

ct
12. Silent letter "P"
cuPboard /kbd/

t qun o
rasPberry /rzbri/

qu mm xi
receiPt /rsit/

cng thc, n thuc
couP /ku/

hnh ng phi thng
13. Silent letter "S"
iSland /alnd/

qun o, o
aiSle /al/

li i gia cc hng gh
patioS /pti/

h, hin, sn
14. Silent letter "T"
wiTch /wt/

ph thy
casTle /ksl/

lu i
waTch / wt/

xem
buTcher /btr/

ngi bn tht
maTch /mt/

que dim, trn u
chrisTmas /krsms/

ging sinh
morTgage /md/

th chp
sofTen /sfn /

lm cho mm
ofTen /fn /

thng thng
lisTen /lsn/

nghe
whisTle /wsl/

hut so
wresTle /resl/

trn u vt
15. Silent letter "U"
gUest /est/

khch
gUess /es/

on
gUitar /tr/

n ghi ta
gUard /rd/

bo v
bUiding /bld/

nh cao tng
biscUit /bskt/

ko bch quy
tongUe /t/

li
catalogUe /ktl/

bng mc lc
16. Silent letter "W"
Write /rat/

vit
ansWer /nsr/

tr li
Who /hu/

ai
Whole /hl/

tt c
Wrong /r/

sai
tWo /tu/

hai
sWord /srd/

thanh gm
Wrist /rst/

c tay
Bi 61: Intonation
Bi hc VIP

INTONATION

Intonation refers to the way the voice goes up or down in pitch when we speak. Without
intonation, it's impossible to understand the expression and thoughts that go with words
Intonation doesn't exist in isolation.So it makes sense to approach it together with 3 other factors:
grammar, attitude, discourse
1.Grammar and intonation
Many attempts have been made to show connections between intonation patterns and particular
types of grammatical structures and the following list shows some of these:
1.1.Information questions (Wh-questions): Falling tune
Examples Listen
What's the time?

What's your name?

Where do you live?

1.2. Yes/No questions: Rising tune
Examples Listen
Is this the blue one?

Have you got a pen?

Is Jenny with you ?

1.3. Statements: Falling tune
Examples Listen
He lives in the house on the corner.

It's over there.

She's very happy.

1.4. Imperatives: Falling tune
Examples Listen
Please come in.

Get out of my life

1.5. Tag questions
+ Expecting confirmation: falling tune
+ Showing less certainty: rising tune
Examples

Listen
Expecting confirmation
Listen
Showing less certainty
You're from Poland, aren't you?

Your name's Jacek, isn't it?

You live in Warsaw, don't you?

1.6. List of items: Rising, rising and finally falling
Examples Listen
You need a pen, a pencil and some paper.

The stall sells ribbon, beads, elastic and buttons..

2. Attitude and intonation
2.1. Level tune
The level tune is neutral and uninterested.
Examples Explanation Listen
Teacher: Adam Smith
Pupil: Yes
Teacher's calling names of the pupils from the register.

2.2. Rising tune
The rising tune conveys an impression that something more is to follow
A: Do you know John Smith?
B: Yes
B's reply is to invite A to continue what she intends to say about
John Smith.
2.3. Falling tune
The falling tune is regarded as more or less neutral. It gives an impression of finality.
A: Do you know John Smith?
B: Yes
B's reply will be understood that the question now answered and there
is nothing more to be said.
2.4.Rising-falling tune
The rising- falling tune is used to convey strong feelings of approval or surprise
A: I have heard that he is a kind man.
B: Yes
B's reply shows a strong approval.

2.5. Falling-rising tune
The falling-rising tune shows limitted agreement, response with reservation, uncertainty, or doubt
A: I have heard that he is a kind man.
B: Yes
B doesn't completely agree

3. Discourse and intonation
It is needed to be aware of intonation in the longer stretches of language. Here are some clearer
guidelines given: "new" information = fall tune, "shared" information = fall -rise tune.
A: Edinburgh's one of my favourite places in England.
B: But Endinburgh isn't in England , it's in Scotland
"Edinburgh" and " England" are old information, "Scotland" is
new information.
A: What time are we meeting? Did you say half past two?
B: No, not half past two, half past three
"Two" is old information, "three" is new information

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Bi 1 - Long vowel /i:/ (Nguyn m di /i:/ )

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