Professional Documents
Culture Documents
LUBRICACIN Y LUBRICANTES
2.2 GRASAS LUBRICANTES.
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80-90% Aceite
7-15% Espesante
5-10% Aditivos
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Es lo que lubrica
Protege y mantiene al
aceite donde se necesita
80-90% Aceite
7-15% Espesantes
5-10% Aditivos
Da caractersticas
adicionales a las superficies
y al aceite
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TIPOS DE GRASAS
9Grasas EP ( extrema presin)
9Grasas de chasis
Automotriz
Por su
aplicacin
Industrial
Clasificacin
de grasas
Por su
composicin
Minerales
Sintticas
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Aceites
Minerales
Sintticos
Espesantes
Base jabn:
Litio, Complejo de Li, Calcio,
Complejo de Ca
Ca,, Aluminio,
Complejo de Al, Sodio,
Sulfonatos
Aditivos
Sin jabn:
Arcilla, Poliurea
Poliurea,,
Silicn, Silica
Silica,,
Pigmentos, Carbn.
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Comparative Sizes
of Grease Fibers
Grasa
fibrosa
de soap,
jabn1x100
Sodio
1. Fibrous
sodium
1 x 100
Grasa
fibrosa de jabn
Litio0.2
0.2
x 25
2. Medium-fibered
lithiumdesoap,
x 25
3.
Grasa
de fibra
medio
Short-fibered
lithium
soap,de
0.2jabn
x 2 de Litio 0.2 x 2
4.
Grasa
de fibra
corta
de0.15
jabn
deSodio 0.15 x 1.5
Short-fibered
sodium
soap,
x 1.5
5.
Grasa
jabn
Calciumde
soap,
0.1 xde
1 Calcio 0.1 x 1
6.
Grasa
de Bentonita
0.5
Organophillic
bentonite,0.1
0.1 xx0.5
7.
Grasa
desoap,
jabn
Aluminio 0.1
Aluminum
0.1de diam.
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Coples
Rodamientos
de ruedas
Juntas
Chasis
CV
Homocin.
Multi
propsitos
Estabilidad mecnica y
estructural.
Resistencia a la
oxidacin
Alto punto de goteo
Antifriccin y Antidesgaste
Proteccin contra herrumbre y
corrosin
Resistencia al lavado
con agua
Propiedades de extrema
presin - EP
Adhesividad
Compatibilidad con
elastmeros
Biodegradabilidad
Muy importante
Algo importante
En funcin de la aplicacin
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Desventajas
Menor evacuacin de calor
Mayor absorcin de impurezas.
Riesgos de equivocacin en su seleccin y aplicacin por falta de
informacin
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CARGA
Lubricante
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TEMPERATURAS LIMITES DE
OPERACIN EN GRASAS
300
PTE Spec
250
PTFE
200
GS Sodio/Sil
160
GS Li/Silic.
140
GS Li/PG
160
GM P.Urea
Tem( C )
Baja temp
170
GM C.Calcio
120
GM Bario
140
GM C.Alum
100
GM Sodio
110
GM Litio
70
GM Calcio
-100
SINTTICAS
200
Poliu/eter
100
200
300
Temperatura C
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Ms consistente
Menos consistente
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CONSISTENCIA - NLGI
La consistencia o dureza de una grasa, se mide en
laboratorio con la grasa sin trabajar o agitar y con la
grasa trabajada agitada
La consistencia se reporta normalmente en trminos de
penetracin trabajada, ya que representa de mejor
manera las condiciones de servicio de una grasa. El
equipo de pruebas se denomina trabajador de grasa
patrn y su objetivo es someter la grasa a carga y
movimiento para despus medir su consistencia final.
La NLGI ( Instituto Nacional de grasa y Lubricantes de
los E.U.) asigna un nmero al grado de consistencia de
la grasa en pruebas de laboratorio en un equipo estndar
denominado penetrmetro.
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CONSISTENCIA - NLGI
Se somete una
libra de grasa
(450 gramos) a
25C y se bate a
(60 ciclos) en
carreras dobles
en el cilindro.
Posteriormente
se mide su
consistencia o
penetracin
trabajada
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CONSISTENCIA NLGI
PENETROMETRO
Permite evaluar, la
consistencia o cuerpo
de la grasa
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CONSISTENCIA
CLASIFICACIN NLGI
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COMPATIBILIDAD EN GRASAS
Se debe de evitar mezclar las grasas de diferentes marcas
especificaciones.
Los aceites base, aditivos y espesantes son incompatibles en la
mayora de los casos.
Slo son compatibles las grasa de jabn de Calcio y Litio (CALI),
siempre y cuando los aceites base sean del mismo tipo (parafnico,
naftnico sinttico).
Se recomienda tener una pistola engrasadora para cada tipo de
grasa aplicar.
Cuando se cambie de grasa en un mecanismo, se recomienda
limpiarlo de tal forma que no queden trazas de la grasa anterior.
Se recomienda tambin verificar la compatibilidad de la grasa con el
tipo de sello utilizado. (ver tabla anexa).
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Aplicacin tpica
22 - 32
Husillos de alta
velocidad
68 - 100
Motores
elctricos
150
Rodamientos de
ruedas de autos
220 - 320
Multipropsitos,
Rodamientos equipo
automotriz pesado
460-680
Fbricas de papel,
Siderrgicas, alta
temperatura
1000 - 3000
CONDICIONES DE SERVICIO
Aplicacin
con carga
Resistencia
al agua
Velocidad
Separacin
del aceite
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