OXI- LU HUYNH

L THUYET VE PHAN NG
HOA HOC
PHAN NHOM CHNH NHOM VI, OXI LU HUYNH
1. V TR CAC NGUYEN TO NHOM VIA TRONG HE THONG TUAN HOAN
Cac nguyen to thuoc PNC nhom VI gom 8O 16S 34Se 52Te 84Po co 6 eectron
ngoa cung do o de dang nhan 2e e at cau hnh ben vng cua kh hem.
Vay tnh oxhoa a tnh chat chu yeu.
. OXI trong t nhen co 3 ong v O
16
8
O
17
8
O
18
8
, Ox a mot ph km hoat
ong va a mot chat oxhoa manh v the trong tat ca cac dang hp chat ,
ox the hen so ox hoa -2 (tr :
1
2 2
2 1
2
,
+
O H O F
cac peoxt
2
1
2

O Na
)
TAC DUNG HAU HET MOI KIM LOAI (tr Au va Pt), can co t
0
tao oxt
2Mg + O2
o
t
2MgO Mage oxt
4A + 3O2
o
t
2A2O3 Nhom oxt
3Fe + 2O2
o
t
Fe3O4 Oxt sat t (FeO, Fe2O3)
TAC DUNG TRC TIEP CAC PHI KIM (tr haogen), can co t
0
tao ra oxt
S + O2
o
t
SO2
C + O2
o
t
CO2
N2 + O2
o
t
2NO t
0
khoang 3000
0
C hay ho quang en
TAC DUNG H2 (no manh theo t e 2 :1 ve so mo), t
0
2H2 + O2
o
t
2H2O
TAC DUNG VI CAC HP CHAT CO TNH KH
2SO2 + O2 V2O5 300
0
C 2SO3
CH4 + 2O2
o
t
CO2 + 2H2O
!. O"ON a dang thu hnh cua ox va co tnh oxhoa manh hn O2 rat nheu
O3 + 2KI + H2O I2 + 2KOH + O2 (ox khong co)
Do tao ra KOH nen O3 am xanh qu tam dd KI (dung trong nhan bet ozon)
2Ag + O3 Ag2O + O2 (ox khong co phan ng)
#. LU HUYNH a chat oxhoa nhng yeu hn O2, ngoa ra S con ong va tro
a chat kh kh tac dung v ox
!"# $%"&' ()*%(+" ,%* '"+$ -./01 23+* ,*4 !("/* 2"# H2 '"/( 5.06." $%7+"

2-
TAC DUNG VI NHIEU KIM LOAI ( co t
0
, tao san pham ng soh thap
cua km oa)
Fe + S
0

o
t
FeS
-2
sat II sunfua
Zn + S
0

o
t
ZnS
-2
kem sunfua
Hg + S HgS
-2
thuy ngan sunfua, phan ng xay ra t
0
thng
TAC DUNG HIDRO $ao hdro sunfua mu trng ung
H2 + S
o
t
H2S
-2
hdrosunfua
!"# $%"&' ,%78 ,%* '"+$ -./01 23+* $%"&' (9)*%(+" '"/( %3/: $%"&' 23+*
5(% -7301 ;<=> <?@
TAC DUNG PHI KIM (tr Nt va Iod)
S + O2
o
t
SO2 kh sunfur, u huynh oxt, u huynh (IV) oxt.
Ngoai ra khi gap chat oxihoa khac nh HNO3 tao H2SO4
#. HI%RO&UN'UA (H&) a chat kh manh v trong H2S u huynh co so ox hoa
thap nhat (-2), tac dung hau het cac chat oxhoa tao san pham ng v
soh cao hn.
C%730
1
V
TAC DUNG OXI cothe tao S hoac SO2 tuy ng ox va cach ten
hanh phan ng.
2H2S + 3O2

0
t
2H2O + 2SO2 (d ox, ot chay)
2H2S + O2

thap t t
0
2H2O + 2S

(Dung dch H2S trong khong kh hoac am anh

ngon a H2S ang chay)
TAC DUNG VI CLO co the tao S hay H2SO4 tuy eu ken phan ng
H2S + 4C2 + 4H2O 8HC + H2SO4
H2S + C2 2 HC + S (kh co gap kh H2S)
DUNG DACH H2 CO TNH AXIT YEU : Kh tac dung dung dch kem co
the tao muo axt hoac muo trung hoa
H2S + NaOH
1 : 1
NaHS + H2O
H2S + 2NaOH
2 :: 1
Na2S + 2H2O
*. LU HUYNH (IV) OXIT cong thc hoa hoc SO2, ngoa ra co cac ten go
khac a u huynh doxt hay kh sunfur, hoac anhdrt sunfur.
V3+* 5(& ()* %("+ 'B.01 1*"0 <= ;
4 +
S
O2@C K%D O2 27#" !"# $%"&' ,%78> 27#"
!"# $%"&' ()* %("+ 2"# !"# 4(E' ()*' ")*'C
&O LA CHAT +H, (
4 +
S
- 2e
6 +
S
) Kh gap chat ox hoa manh nh O2,
C2, Br2 : kh SO2 ong va tro a chat kh.
2
4 +
S
O2 + O2 V2O5 450
0
2SO3
O S
4 +
2 + C2 + 2H2O

2HC + H2
O S
6 +
4
&O LA CHAT OXI HOA (
4 +
S
+ 4e
0
S
) Kh tac dung chat kh manh
O S
4 +
2 + 2H2S 2H2O + 3
0
S
O S
4 +
2 + Mg MgO + S
N1("#* B" O2 !"# 4(E' ()*' ")*'
SO2 + NaOH
1 : 1
NaHSO3 (
2
nSO
nNaOH
2 )
SO2 + 2 NaOH
2 : 1
Na2SO3 + H2O (
2
nSO
nNaOH
1)
Neu 1<
2
nSO
nNaOH
< 2 th tao ra ca ha muo

mol y SO Na
mol x NaHSO
:
:
3 2
3
-. LU HUYNH (VI) OXIT cong thc hoa hoc SO3, ngoa ra con ten go khac
u huynh tr oxt, anhdrt sunfurc.
L"# 4(E' (9)*' ")*'
TAC DUNG VI H2O tao axt sunfurc
SO3 + H2O H2SO4 + O
SO3 tan vo han trong H2SO4 tao oeum : H2SO4.nSO3
TAC DUNG FAG tao muo
SO3 + 2 NaOH Na2SO4 + H2O
.. AXT &UN'URIC H&O# trang tha oang a mot axt manh, trang tha
ac a mot chat oxhoa manh.
-"/01 !("H01 !"# ")D' 4"/0% am o qu tm, tac dung km oa(trc H)
ga phong H2, tac dung baz, oxt baz va nheu muo.
H2SO4 2H
+
+ SO4
2-
a qu tm hoa mau o.
H2SO4 + Fe FeSO4 + H2
H2SO4 + NaOH NaHSO4 + H2O
H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O
H2SO4 + CuO CuSO4 + H2O
H2SO4 + BaC2 BaSO4 + 2 HC
H2SO4 + Na2SO3 Na2SO4 + H2O + SO2
H2SO4 + CaCO3 CaSO4 + H2O + CO2
-"/01 I"J$ !"# 4(E' $%"&' (9)*%(+" 4"/0%
TAC DUNG KIM LOAI ox hoa hau het cac km oa (tr Au va Pt) tao
muo hoa tr cao va thng ga phong SO2 (co the H2S, S neu km oa kh
manh)
2Fe + 6 H2SO4


0
t

Fe2(SO4)3+ 3SO2+ 6H2O
Cu + 2 H2SO4

0
t

CuSO4 + SO2+ 2H2O
A, Fe, Cr khong tac dung v H2SO4 ac nguo, v km oa b thu ong
hoa.
TAC DUNG VI CAC PHI KIM (tac dung v cac ph km dang ran, t
0
)
tao hp chat cua ph km ng v soh cao nhat
2H2SO4() + C

0
t

CO2 + 2SO2 + 2H2O
2H2SO4() + S

0
t
3SO2 + 2H2O
TAC DUNG MOKT O HP CHAT CO TNH KH
FeO + H2SO4 ()

0
t
Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 4H2O
2HBr + H2SO4 ()

0
t
Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O
HUT NC MOKT O CHAT HLU C
C12H22O11 + H2SO4() 12C + H2SO4.11H2O
/. MUOI &UN'UA VA NHAN 0IET GOC &UN'UA (&
1
) hau nh cac muo
sunfua eu khong tan, ch co muo cua km oa kem va kem tho tan (Na2S,
K2S, CaS, BaS). Mot so muo khong tan va co mau ac trng CuS en, PbS en,
CdS vang, SnS o gach, MnS hong.
Ne nhan bet S
2-
dung dung dch Pb(NO3)2
2. MUOI &UN'AT VA NHAN 0IET GOC &UN'AT (&O#
1
)
Co ha oa muo a muo trung hoa (sunfat) va muo axt (hdrosunfat).
Phan n muo sunfat tan, ch co BaSO4, PbSO4 khong tan co mau trang,
CaSO4 t tan co mau trang.
Nhan bet goc sunfat dung dung dch cha SO4
2-
13. 4IEU CHE OXI
2KCO3

0
t
2KC + 3O2 (xuc tac MnO2), eu che trong PTN
Trong CN chng cat phan oan khong kh ong.
11. 4IEU CHE HI%RO&UN'UA (H&)
CHO 'E& HOA5C "N& TAC %U6NG V7I %UNG %CH HC8
FeS + 2HC FeC2 + H2S
MOT TRONG KH HIDRO
H2 + S

0
t
H2S
1. 4IEU CHE &O co rat nheu phan ng eu che
S + O2
0
t
SO2
Na2SO3 + H2SO4()
0
t
Na2SO4 + H2O + SO2

Cu +2H2SO4()

0
t
CuSO4 + 2H2O +SO2

4FeS2 + 11O2
0
t
2Fe2O3 + 8SO2
Not ZnS, FeS, H2S, S trong ox ta cung thu c SO2.
1!. 4IEU CHE &O!
2SO2 + O2 2 SO3 (xuc tac V2O5, t
0
)
SO3 a san pham trung gan eu che axt sunfurc.
1#. &A,N XUAT AXIT &UN'URIC ( trong CN)
T NUAONG PYRIT APT QE2
M(&' QR2 4FeS2 + 11O2
o
t
2Fe2O3 + 8SO2
O)* %("+ O2 2SO2 + O2

o
t O V ,
5 2 2SO3
H3/: 073+$: SO3 + H2O H2SO4
T LU HUYNH
M(&' '"/( O2: S + O2
o
t
SO2
O)* %("+ O2 2SO2 + O2

o
t O V ,
5 2 2SO3
OS %3/: 073+$ SO3 + H2O H2SO4
0AI TAP LUYEN TAP
1. . OXI LU HUYNH
1) Vet cau hnh eectron cua oxy, d oan kha nang beu hen SOH cua oxy
trong cac hp chat.
) Tnh chat hoa hoc ac trng cua oxy a g? Vet 4 phng trnh phan ng
mnh hoa.
!) Co 2 bnh ng reng bet 2 kh oxy va ozon. Trnh bay phng phap hoa hoc
e phan bet ha kh o.
#) Oxy tac dung c v cac chat nao sau ay? Vet phng trnh phan ng:
H2; C2; S; C; CO; Fe; Na; Ag; SO2; SO3; Fe2O3; CH4.
*) Vet cac phng trnh phan ng kh cho oxy tac dung an t cac hp chat
sau: CS2 ; FeS2; C2H6O; C3H4O2; C3H7N; CxHy; C3H5C; CxHyOz; CxHyOzNt.
-) Thc hen chuo phan ng sau (gh ro eu ken phan ng neu co):
a) KNO3 O2 FeO Fe3O4 Fe2O3 FeC3
b) KCO3 O2 CO2 CaCO3 CaC2 Ca(NO3)2 O2
c) A2O3 O2 P2O5 H3PO4 Cu3(PO4)2

KMnO4
d) FeS H2S S Na2S ZnS ZnSO4

SO2 SO3 H2SO4
.) Vet cac phng trnh kh cho u huynh tac dung v:
a. Kem b. Nhom c. Cacbon d. Oxy
/) Vet 4 phng trnh phan ng chng mnh : u huynh va co tnh ox hoa
va co tnh kh.
2) Lu huynh tac dung c v cac chat nao sau ay, vet phng trnh phan
ng mnh hoa: C2; O2; Hg; A; HC; Fe; H2O; Ag; HNO3; H2.
13) Neu s gong nhau va khac nhau ga oxy va u huynh ve hoa tnh.
11) Ty kho h cua mot hon hp X gom ozon va oxy so v hro bang 18.
Xac nh % ve the tch cua X.
1) Cho 30,4 (g) hon hp X cha Cu va A tac dung hoan toan v oxy thu
c 40 (g) hon hp CuO va Fe2O3. Tnh % kho ng mo km oa trong X.
1!) Not chay hoan toan 18,8 (g) hon hp A cha H2S va C3H8O ta thu c
17,92 () hon hp CO2 va SO2 .Tnh % kho ng cac chat trong hon hp A.
1#) Ne ot chay het 10 () CH4 ta dung 16 () hon hp kh G gom oxy va ozon.
Tnh % the tch cua G.
S: 50
1*) Cho 2,24 () kh ozon (kc) vao dung dch KI 0,5 (M). Tnh V dd KI can dung va
kho ng ot snh ra.
1-) Not chay hoan toan 17,92 () hon hp kh G gom CH4 va C2H4 thu c 48,4
(g) CO2. Tnh % ve the tch cua G va the tch O2 can dung.
S: !2,5" 3#,5 " $O2 % 42,5! &it
1.) Nung 360 (g) FeS2 trong khong kh thu c 264 (g) hon hp ran G. Tnh heu
suat phan ng va the tch SO2 snh ra (kc).
1/) Trong PTN, e eu che O2 ng ta dung cac phan ng sau:
2 KCO3
to

2 KC + 3O2
2 KMnO4
to

K2 MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
Nung 80,6 (g) hon hp G gom KMnO4 va KCO3 thu c 15,68 () O2 ( kc). Tnh
kho ng mo chat trong G.
12) Not chay hoan toan 12 (g) hon hp G gom C va S thu c 11,2 () hon
hp kh G

. Tnh % ve kho ng mo chat trong G va ty kho h cua G

o
v hro.
S: 20 " '0"
M
% 5!" ( % 2'
3) Not chay hoan toan hon hp X gom H2S va S ta can 8,96 () O2 thu c
7,84 () SO2. Tnh % kho ng cac chat trong hon hp X, cac kh o kc.
1) Kh ot 18,4 (g) hon hp Zn va A th can 5,6 () kh O2 (kc).Tnh % kho
ng hon hp au.
) Nun nong mot hon hp gom 6,4 (g) S va 14,3 (g) Zn trong 1 bnh kn. Sau
phan ng thu c chat nao? Kho ng a bao nheu? Neu un hon hp
tren ngoa khong kh th sau phan ng thu c nhng chat nao? Bao
nheu gam?
!) Cho san pham tao thanh kh un nong hon hp G gom 5,6 (g) bot Fe va
1,6 (g) bot u huynh vao 500 m dung dch HC th thu c hon hp kh G

bay
ra va dung dch A.
a) Tnh % ve the tch cac kh trong G

.
b) Ne trung hoa axt con d trong dung dch A can dung 125 m dung dch
NaOH 2 M. Tnh CM cua dung dch HC.
S: 50 " 50 " 0,) *
! . CAC H76P CHAT CU,A LU HUYNH
1) Vet 4 phng trnh phan ng chng mnh:
a) H2S va co tnh axt yeu va co tnh kh manh.
b) SO2 va co tnh ox hoa va co tnh kh .
c) H2SO4 va co tnh axt manh va co tnh ox hoa manh.
) Kh H2 co an tap chat H2S. Co the dung dung dch nao sau ay e oa H2S:
NaOH; HC; Pb(NO3)2; Br2. Vet cac phng trnh phan ng xay ra.
!) Thc hen chuo phan ng sau (gh ro eu ken phan ng neu co):
a) S FeS H2S CuS

SO2 SO3 H2SO4
b) Zn ZnS H2S S SO2 BaSO3 BaC2
c) SO2 S FeS H2S Na2S PbS
d) FeS2 SO2 S H2S H2SO4 HC C2 KCO3 O2.
e) H2 H2S SO2 SO3 H2SO4 HC C2

S FeS Fe2(SO4)3 FeC3
f) FeS2 SO2 HBr NaBr Br2 I2

SO3 H2SO4 KHSO4 K2SO4 KC KNO3
FeSO4 Fe(OH)2
FeS Fe2O3 Fe
Fe2(SO4)3 Fe(OH)3
g) S SO2 SO3 NaHSO4 K2SO4 BaSO4
#) Bo tuc cac phng trnh phan ng va go ten cac chat:
a) FeS2 + O2 (A) + (B) (ran)
(A) + O2 (C)
(C) + (D) (ong) (E)
(E) + Cu (F) + (A) + (D)
(A) + (D) (G)
(G) + NaOH d (H) + (D)
(H) + HC (A) + (D) + (I)
b) Mg + H2SO4 ac (A) + (B)+ (C)
(B) + (D) S + (C)
(A) + (E) (F) + K2SO4
(F) + (H) (A) + (C)
(B) + O2 (G)
(G) + (C) (H)
c) H2S + O2 (A) (ran) + (B) (ong)
(A) + O2 (C)
MnO2 + HC (D) + (E) + (B)
(B) + (C) + (D) (F) + (G)
(G) + Ba (H) + (I)
*) Vet cac phng trnh phan ng xay ra kh cho cac chat nhom A {KOH; FeO;
CaSO3; BaC2; Zn} tac dung v cac chat nhom B {dd HC; H2SO4 oang; H2SO4 ,
nong; dd CuSO4}.
-) Vet cac phng trnh phan ng sau ( neu co):
a) Bar + H2SO4 oang
b) A + H2SO4 oang
c) Cu + H2SO4 , nong
d) Fe + H2SO4 oang
e) Fe + H2SO4 , nong
f) Zn + H2SO4 , nong
g) Bar corua + H2SO4
h) Cu + H2SO4 oang
) Ag + H2SO4 , nong
|) Ag + H2SO4 oang
k) Cu + H2SO4 , nguo
) A + H2SO4, nguo
m) Ch ntrat + H2SO4
n) Natr corua + H2SO4 , nong
o) Mg + H2SO4 (S
+6
b kh xuong S
-2
)
p) Zn + H2SO4 (S
+6
b kh xuong S
0
)
q) C + H2SO4 , nong
r) Fe2O3 + H2SO4 , nong
s) Fe3O4 + H2SO4 oang
t) Fe3O4 + H2SO4 , nong
u) FeO + H2SO4 oang
v) FeO + H2SO4 , nong
.) a) T S, Fe, HC neu 2 phng phap eu che H2S.
b) T FeS2, NaC, H2O, khong kh, chat xuc tac co u, eu che cac chat
sau: FeC2, FeC3, Fe2(SO4)3, Na2SO4, nc |ave, Na2SO3, Fe(OH)2, Fe(OH)3.
c) T NaC, H2SO4, Fe, Cu, H2S, H2O eu che : NaOH, FeC3, Fe2(SO4)3, FeSO4, CuC2,
CuSO4.
/) Phan bet cac o mat nhan sau:
a) Dung dch : NaOH, H2SO4, HC, BaC2.
b) Dung dch : H2SO4, HC, NaC, Na2SO4.
c) Dung dch : KC, Na2CO3, NaI, CuSO4, BaC2.
d) Dung dch : Ca(NO3)2, K2SO4; K2CO3, NaBr.
e) Dung dch : NaC, NaNO3, Na2CO3, Na2SO4.
f) Dung dch : Na2SO3, Na2CO3, NaC, MgSO4, NaNO3.
g) Dung dch : I2, Na2SO4, KC, KI, Na2S.
h) Bot : Na2CO3, CaCO3, BaSO4, Na2SO4.
) Bot : Na2S. Na2SO3, Na2SO4, BaSO4.
2) Phan bet cac kh mat nhan sau:
a) O2, SO2, C2, CO2.
b) C2, SO2, CO2, H2S, O2, O3.
c) SO2, CO2, H2S, H2, N2, C2, O2.
d) O2, H2, CO2, HC.
13) Mot dung dch cha 2 chat tan : NaC va Na2SO4.Lam the nao tach thanh
dung dch ch cha NaC.
11) a) Muo NaC co an tap chat Na2CO3. Lam the nao e co NaC tnh
khet.
b) Tnh che H2SO4 co an HC.
1) a) Neu trong BaSO4 co an tap chat a BaC2 am the nao e nhan ra
tap chat o. Vet phng trnh phan ng xay ra.
b) Tnh che NaC co an NaBr, NaI, NaOH.
1!) Dan kh hro sunfua vao 66,2 (g) dung dch Pb(NO3)2 th thu c 4,78 (g) ket
tua. Tnh C% cua dung dch muo ch ban au.
1#) Co 20,16 () (kc) hon hp gom H2S va O2 trong bnh kn, bet ty kho hon
hp so v hro a 16,22.
a) Tm thanh phan the tch cua hon hp kh.
b) Not chay hoan toan hon hp tren, san pham cua phan ng c
hoa tan vao 94,6 (m) nc. Tnh CM, C% cua cac chat co trong dung dch thu
c.
S: a+ H2S % 4,4' &it " O2 % ,5,!' &it +
-+ 2,, * " ,5+
1*) Cho 855 (g) dung dch Ba(OH)2 20% vao 500 (g) dung dch H2SO4. Loc bo ket
tua, e trung hoa nc oc, ng ta pha dung 200 (m) dung dch 2,5 (M).
Tnh C% cua dung dch H2SO4.
S: 24,5+
1-) Cho 25,38 (g) BaSO4 co an BaC2. Sau kh oc bo chat ran, ng ta cho vao
nc oc dung dch H2SO4 1 (M) en u th thu c 2,33 (g) ket tua.
a) Tm % kho ng BaC2.
b) Tnh the tch dung dch H2SO4.
S: a+ ',2 -+ 0,0, &it
1.) Cho 5,6 t kh SO2 (kc) vao:
a) 400 m dung dch KOH 1,5 M.
b) 250 m dung dch NaOH 0,8 M.
c) 200 m dung dch KOH 2 M.
Tnh nong o cac chat trong dung dch thu c .
d) 200 m dung dch Ba(OH)2 ta c 44,125 (g) hon hp BaSO3 va Ba(HCO3)2.
Tnh nong o dung dch Ba(OH)2.
1/) Not chay hoan toan 8,98 t H2S (kc) ro hoa tan tat ca san pham snh
ra vao 80 m dung dch NaOH 25% ( d= 1,28 g/m). Tnh C% cua dung dch muo
thu c.
12) Not chay hoan toan 12,8 gr u huynh. Kh snh ra c hap thu het b
150 m dung dch NaOH 20% (d= 1,28 g/m). Tm CM, C% cua cac chat trong dung
dch thu c sau phan ng.
S: Na2SO3 : 2,!# * " 23,2+
NaOH : 2,!# * " #,35+
3) Not chay hoan toan 6,72 t ( kc) H2S.
a) Tnh ng SO2 thu c.
b) Cho ng SO2 no tren qua 37,5 m dung dch NaOH 25% (d=1,28) th
muo g tao thanh. Tnh C% muo trong dung dch thu c .
c) Neu cho ng SO2 thu c tren a) vao 500 m dung dch KOH 1,6 M th
co muo g c tao thanh .Tnh CM cac chat trong dung dch sau phan
ng.
S: a+ ,),2 gr " -+ 4!+43 " c+ 0,! * " 0,4*+
1) Cha 600 m dung dch H2SO4 thanh 3 phan eu nhau.Dung 250m dung dch
NaOH 25% (d=1,28) th trung hoa 1 phan cua dung dch.
a) Tm CM cua dung dch H2SO4.
b) Ha phan con a cua dung dch H2SO4 c rot vao 600 m dung dch
NaOH 5M.Tm CM cua cac chat co trong dung dch thu c .
S: a+ 5* -+ NaHSO4 ,* c+ Na2SO4 ,*+
) Hoa tan 4,8 gr mot km oa M hoa tr II va u tac dung v 392 gr dung
dch H2SO4 10%. Xac nh M.
!) Cho 40 gr hon hp A cha Cu va A tac dung v dung dch H2SO4 d thu
c 22,4 t kh (kc). Tnh % kho ng mo km oa?
#) Cho 36 gr hon hp X cha Fe2O3 va CuO tac dung va u v dung dch
H2SO420% thu c 80 gr hon hp muo.
a) Tnh % kho ng tng chat trong hon hp X.
b) Tnh kho ng dung dch H2SO4 a dung.
S: a+ 44,4 " 55,! -+ .(( % 2!),5gr+
*) Cho 6,8 gr hon hp X gom Mg va Fe vao dung dch H2SO4 oang th thu c
3,36 t kh bay ra (kc).
a) Tnh % kho ng mo km oa trong X?
b) Neu cho hon hp tren tac dung v H2SO4 , nong.Tnh VSO2 (kc)?
S: a+ ,#,!5 " '2,35 " $SO2 % 4,4' &it+
-) Cho 35,2 gr hon hp X gom Fe va CuO tac dung va u v 800 gr dung
dch H2SO4 oang th thu c 4,48 t kh (kc) va dung dch A.
a) Tnh % kho ng mo chat trong X.
b) Tnh C% dung dch H2SO4 a dung.
c) Tnh kho ng cac muo trong dung dch A.
S: a+ /0 :3,,'2 " 12O : !',,'+
-+ 1 % !,,25+
c+ ./0SO4 % 30,4 g : .12SO4 % 4' g+
.) Cho m(gr) hon hp X gom A, Fe tac dung v 250 m dung dch H2SO4 oang
thu c 72,2 gr hon hp muo va 12,32 t kh (kc).
a. Tnh % kho ng tng chat trong X.
b. Tnh CM dung dch H2SO4 a dung.
S: a+ 3& : 2#,'4 " /0 :#,,2!+
-+1* % 2,2 *+
/) Cho 55 gr hon hp 2 muo Na2SO3 va Na2CO3 tac dung het v H2SO4 oang
thu c hon hp kh A co ty kho h o v hro a 24.Tnh % kho ng
mo muo trong hon hp au.
S: 22,) " ##,,
2) Cho m(gr) hon hp G cha Mg va ZnS tac dung 250 gr dung dch H2SO4 c
34,51 gr hon hp kh A gom H2 va H2S co ty kho h so v ox a 0,8.
a.Tnh % kho ng mo km oa trong G.
b.Tnh nong o dung dch axt a dung.
S: a+ ',03 " ),,)# -+ ),0,!+
!3) Cho 40 gr hon hp Fe - Cu tac dung va u v dung dch H2SO4 98% nong
thu c 15,68 t SO2 (kc).
a.Tnh % kho ng mo km oa trong hon hp?
b.Tnh kho ng dung dch H2SO4 a dung?
!1) Cho 20,8 gr hon hp Cu va CuO tac dung va u dung dch H2SO4 , nong
thu c 4,48 t kh (kc).
a. Tnh % kho ng mo km oa trong hon hp?
b.Tnh kho ng dung dch H2SO4 80% can dung va kho ng muo snh
ra.
!) Cho 7,6 gr hon hp gom Fe, Mg, Cu vao dung dch H2SO4 , nguo d th thu
c 6,16 t kh SO2 (kc). Phan khong tan cho tac dung v dung dch HC d
thu c 1,12 t kh (kc).Tnh % kho ng hon hp au.
NS: Fe : 36,8% ; Mg : 31,58% ; Cu: 31,62%.
!!) Cho 10,38 gr hon hp gom Fe, A va Ag cha am 2 phan bang nhau:
- Phan 1: Tac dung v dung dch H2SO4 oang d thu c 2,352 t kh
(kc).
- Phan 2: Tac dung v dung dch H2SO4 , nong d thu c 2,912t kh
SO2 (kc).
Tnh kho ng tng km oa trong hon hp ban au.
NS: mFe = 3,36 gr ; mA = 2,7 gr ; mAg = 4,32 gr.
!#) Nung nong hon hp gom 11,2 gr bot Fe va 3,2 gr bot u huynh. Cho san
pham tao thanh vao 200 m dung dch H2SO4 th thu c hon hp kh A bay ra
va dung dch B( Hp = 100%).
a. Tm % the tch cua hon hp A.
b. Ne trung hoa dung dch B pha dung 200 m dung dch KOH 2M.Tm CM cua
dung dch H2SO4 a dung.
NS: a. H2S: 50%; H2: 50%.
b. 2M.
!*)
f Cho 12,6 gr hon hp A cha Mg va A c tron theo t e mo 3:2 tac dung
va u v dung dch H2SO4 ac, nong thu c kh SO2 (kc).
a. Tnh % kho ng mo km oa trong hon hp A?
b. Tnh VSO2 ( 27
0
C; 5 atm).
c. Cho toan bo kh SO2 tren vao 400 m dung dch NaOH 2,5 M. Tnh CM
cac chat trong dung dch
thu c.
NS: a. 57,14% ; 42,86%. 2,95 t.
!-) Cho 20,4 gr hon hp X gom Fe, Zn, A tac dung v dung dch HC d thu
c 10,08 t H2 (kc).
Mat khac cho 0,2 mo X tac dung va u v 6,16 t C 2 (kc).Tnh kho ng
mo km oa.
!.) Cho 24,582 gr hon hp 3 km oa X, Y, Z co t e kho ng nguyen t a
10: 11: 23, co t e mo a 1: 2: 3.Neu cho ng km oa X co trong hon hp
tren phan ng v dung dch HC th thu c 2,24 t H2 (kc).Xac nh ten 3
km oa.
!/) Cho H2SO4 oang d tac dung v 6,66 gr hon hp gom 2 km oa A,B eu
hoa tr II thu c 0,1 mo kh ong th kho ng gam 6,5 gr.
Hoa tan phan ran con a bang H2SO4ac, nong th thu c 0,16 gr SO2.
a) Nnh ten 2 km oa A, B ( ga s MA > MB ).
b) Tnh thanh phan kho ng va thanh phan % kho ng cua chung co
trong hon hp.
c) Cho phng phap tach r tng chat sau ay ra kho hon hp A, B, oxt B
va ASO4 ( muo sunfat).
MOT &O 0AI TAP CHUNG
1) Vet phng trnh phan ng chng mnh: H2S a mot axt va a mot chat
kh.
) Ta sao eu che Hdrosunfua t sun fua km oa th ta thng dung axt HC
ma khong dung H2SO4 am ac?
!) Ta sao pha oang axt H2SO4 ta pha cho t t H2SO4 vao nc va khuay
eu ma khong am ngc a.
#) Ta sao kh eu che H2S ta khong dung muo sunfua cua Pb, Cu, Ag.?
*) Ne eu che mot axt ta thng dung nguyen tac: dung mot axt manh
ay axt yeu ra kho muo, nhng cung co trng hp ngc a, hay
chng mnh.
-) Mot thanh sat e au trong khong kh sau mot th gan khong con sang
bong ma ma co nhng vet o cua g sat?
.) Dan kh co vao dung dch Na2CO3 co kh CO2 thoat ra, neu thay kh co bang:
SO2, SO3, H2S th co hen tng nh the khong?
/) Vet phng trnh chng mnh SO2 va co tnh oxhoa va co tnh kh.
2) Vet 5 pt chng mnh O2 a mot chat oxhoa
13) Vet 5 pt eu che O2.
11) Phan bet O2 va O3.
1) Vet 2 pt chng mnh S a mot chat oxhoa, 2 pt chng mnh S a
chat kh.
1!) Cach thu gom Hg r rt.
1#) Vet 3 pt ma trong o H2S a chat kh, 2 pt ma trong o H2S a
mot axt.
1*) Vet cac phng trnh phan ng chng to H2S a mot axt yeu
nhng a chat kh manh.
1-) Vet 3 pt chng mnh SO2 a mot chat kh, 1 pt chng mnh SO2 a
mot chat ox hoa, 2 pt chng mnh SO2 a mot oxt axt.
1.) Neu che SO2 t Cu, Na2SO3.
1/) So sanh tnh chat cua dd HC va dd H2SO4 oang.
12) Neu tnh chat hoa hoc gong va khac nhau cua H2SO4 oang va
H2SO4 ac. Vet cac phng trnh phan ng e mnh hoa, t o rut ra ket
uan g o v tnh chat hoa hoc cua H2SO4
3) Gay qu tm tam t bang dung dch KI nga sang mau xanh kh gap
Ozon. Ga thch hen tng va vet phng trnh phan ng.
1) Neu dung FeS co an Fe e eu che H2S th co tap chat nao trong
H2S? Neu cach nhan ra tap chat o.
) Vet phng trnh phan ng(neu co) kh cho H2SO4 oang tac dung
v: Mg, Cu, CuO, NaC, CaCO3, FeS. |Zn, Ag, Fe2O3, KNO3, Na2CO3, CuS|.
!) Vet phng trnh phan ng kh H2SO4 oang va H2SO4 ac nong tac
dung v cac chat sau: Fe, Cu, FeO, Na2CO3. T cac phan ng tren rut ra ket
uan g v axt sunfurc.
#) Vet cac phng trnh phan ng kh cho H2SO4 ac nong tac dung
v : Cu, S, NaC, FeS.
*) Vet phng trnh phan ng kh cho kh Sunfur tac dung v : H2S, O2,
CaO, dung dch NaOH, dung dch Brom. Hay cho bet tnh chat cua kh Sunfur
trong tng phan ng .
-) Kh H2 co an mot t H2S, co the dung dung dch nao sau ay e
oa bo H2S ra kho H2: dung dch natrhdroxt, dung dch hdrocorua, dung dch
chntrat
.) ch dung them mot hoa chat hay phan bet cac cha sau:
"C 5 dung dch: K2SO4, FeC2, Na2SO3, NH4HS, FeC3.
TC KOH, NaC, MgC2, AgNO3, HC, HI.
/) Bang phng phap hoa hoc hay phan bet cac dung dch sau:
Na2SO4, Na2SO3, H2SO4 , HC. |Na2SO4, Na2S, H2SO4 , HC|.
2) Nhan bet cac trng hp sau:
"C Dung dch: Na2SO4, NaOH, H2SO4 , HC.
TC K2S, Na2SO4, KNO3, KC
$C Na2S, Na2SO3, NaHSO3, Na2SO4.
!3) Bang phng phap hoa hoc hay phan bet cac kh sau: O2, O3, H2S,
SO2.
!1) Bang phng phap hoa hoc hay phan bet cac dung dch sau : NaC,
BaC2, Na2CO3, Na2SO3
!) Bang phng phap hoa hoc hay phan bet cac dung dch sau :
Na2S, Na2SO3, Na2SO4, BaC2.
!!) Ch dung them mot thuoc th (khong dung chat ch th mau),
hay nhan bet cac dung dch sau: Natr sunfat, Axt sunfurc, Natr cacbonat, Axt
cohdrc.
!#) Bang pp hoa hoc hay phan bet cac dd sau:
"@ KC, K2CO3, MgSO4, Mg(NO3)2.
T@ Na2SO4, NaNO3, Na2CO3, NaC.
$@ Na2SO3, Na2S, NaC, NaNO3.
-@ HC, H2SO4, BaC2, Na2CO3.
R@ AgNO3, Na2CO3, NaC, K2SO4.
6@ HC, H2SO4, BaC2, K2CO3.
1@ Na2SO4, Na2CO3, BaC2, NaNO3, BaC2, AgNO3.
%@ HC, Na2SO4, NaC, Ba(OH)2.
!*) Hoan thanh chuo: ZnS SO2 H2S Na2S NaHS Na2SO4.
!-) Hoan thanh s o ben hoa sau: S FeS SO2 Na2SO3 NaHSO3
BaSO3
!.) Hoan thanh phng trnh phan ng:
"@ FeS2 SO2 SO3 H2SO4 CuSO4 CuC2 AgC C2 Kacorat.
T@ Na2S CuS SO2 H2SO4 Na2SO4 NaC HC C2.
$@ FeS H2S FeS Fe2O3 FeC3 Fe2SO4 FeC3
-@ Kem Kem sunfua Hdrosunfua Lu huynh Kh sufur Caxsunt
Canxhdrosunt Canxsunt Canxcorua.
R@ (A) + HC MnC2 + (B) + (C).
(B) + NaOH (D) + (E) + (F).
(B) + KOH Nc |aven.
(E) (D) + (G).
Fe + HC (H) + (K)
(K) + (B) (L).
S + (H) (I).
(I) + (B) + (F) (|) + HC.
(|) + Fe (K) + (F) + (M).
(M) + (B) + (F) (|) + HC.
!/) Thc hen cac phan ng cua cac chuo ben hoa sau:
"@ FeS SO2 SO3 H2SO4 CuSO4 CuS CuO CuSO4.
T@ H2SO4 S MgS H2S Na2S CuS CuO CuC2 NaC C2.
$@ S SO2 NaHSO3 Na2SO3 Na2SO4 NaC AgC C2
H2SO4 HC C2 CaOC2.
!2) Trnh bay ha phng phap eu che Hdrosufua t cac chat sau: S,
Fe, axt HC.
#3) Vet phng trnh eu che H2SO4 t quang pyrt.
#1) T S, KC, A2O3 va H2O hay eu che KOH, KCO3, AC3, phen n,
phen kep?
#) T quang pyrt sat, muo an va nc, vet phng trnh eu che:
Fe(OH)3, Na2SO3, NaSO4.
#!) T quang pyrt sat, muo an, khong kh, nc, khong kh; hay vet
phng trnh eu che: Fe2(SO4)3, Na2SO4, nc |aven, Na2SO3, Fe(OH)3, Natr,
Natrcorat, NaHSO4, NaHSO3.
##) T muo an, nc, H2SO4 ac. Vet cac phng trnh phan ng (gh
eu ken phan ng neu co) eu che: Kh C2, H2S, SO2 , nc |aven, Na2SO4
#*) T quang pyrt sat, muo an va nc, vet phng trnh eu che:
Fe(OH)3, Na2SO3, NaSO4.
#-) T quang pyrt sat, muo an, khong kh, nc, khong kh; hay vet
phng trnh eu che: Fe2(SO4)3, Na2SO4, nc |aven, Na2SO3, Fe(OH)3, Natr,
Natrcorat, NaHSO4, NaHSO3.
#.) T pryt sat, khong kh, nc, muo an (eu ken va chat xuc
tac co u); hay eu che: Fe2(SO4)3, FeC3.
#/) Cho Hdroxt cua km oa hoa tr II tac dung va u v dung dch
H2SO4 20% th thu c dung dch muo co nong o 24,12%. Xac nh cong
thc hdroxt.
#2) 2,8 gam Oxt cua km oa hoa tr II tac dung va het v 0,5 t dung
dch H2SO4 1M. Xac nh Oxt o.
*3) Hoa tan 7 gam hon hp gom Mg va 1 km oa kem A vao dung dch
H2SO4 oang d, sau phan ng thu c 4,48t kh(kc) va hon hp muo B.
Xac nh km oa kem A va % kho ng mo km oa trong hon hp
au.Tnh kho ng B, bet rang neu dung 60m dung dch H2SO4 1M th
khong hoa tan het 3,45 gam km oa A.
*1) Cho dung dch H2SO4 tac dung v dung dch NaOH. Sau phan ng co
can dung dch thu c 7,2 gam muo axt va 56,8 gam muo trung hoa.Xac
nh ng H2SO4 va NaOH a ay.
*) Hoa tan 3,2 gam hon hp Cu va CuO vao H2SO4 ac,nong thu c
672m kh (kc). Tnh phan hon hp, kho ng muo thu c va kho ng
dung dch H2SO4 98% can ay.
*!) Hoa tan 11,5gam hon hp Cu, Mg, A vao dung dch HC thu c 5,6 t
kh(kc). Phan khong tan cho vao H2SO4 ac,nong thu c 2,24 t kh(kc).
Tnh % kho ng cua mo km oa trong hon hp .
*#) Hoa tan hoan toan 9,1g|18,4g| hon hp A va Cu |Fe va Cu| vao
H2SO4 ac nong th thu c 5,6t|8,96t| kh SO2(kc).
"C Tnh % kho ng mo km oa trong hon hp .
TC Tnh the tch kh H2(kc) thoat ra kh cho hon hp tren tac dung v
H2SO4 oang.
**) Hoa tan hoan toan Vt kh SO2 (kc) vao nc, cho nc brom vao
dung dch en kh brom khong con mat mau th tep tuc cho dung dch BaC 2
vao en d, oc ay ket tua can c 1,165g. Tnh V t kh SO2.
*-) Cho 4,8g Mg tac dung v 250m dung dch H2SO4 10%(d= 1,176g/m) thu
c kh H2 va dung dch A.
"C Tnh the tch kh H2(kc) thu c.
TC Tnh nong o % cac chat trong dung dch A.
*.) Mot hon hp A gom Fe va mot km oa M hoa tr 2.
-Hoa tan hoan toan 12,1g hon hp A bang H2SO4 oang th thu c 4,48t
kh H2(kc).
-Hoa tan hoan toan 12,1g hon hp A bang H2SO4 ac nong th thu c
5,6 t kh SO2(kc).
"C Vet cac phng trnh phan ng co the xay ra.
TC Xac nh km oa M.
*/) Hoa tan 29,4 g hh A, Cu, Mg vao dd HC d tao 14 t kh 0
0
C, 0,8 atm.
Phan khong tan cho tac dung v dd H2SO4 tao 6,72 t kh SO2 kc.
"C Xac nh % kho ng mo km oa trong hh.
TC Cho hh tren tac dung v H2SO4 kh tao thanh c dan qua
dung dch Ca(OH)2 sau 1 th gan thu c 54 g ket tua. Tnh V Ca(OH)2
can dung.
*2) Hoa tan 24,8g hh X gom Fe, Mg, Cu trong dd H2SO4 , nong d thu c
dung dch A. Sau kh co can dd A thu c 132 g muo khan. 24,8 g X tac dung
v dd HC d th thu c 11,2 t kh (kc).
"C Vet phng trnh phan ng
TC Tnh % kho ng mo km oa trong hh X.
-3) Cho 8,3 g hon hp A gom 3 km oa Nong, Nhom va Mage tac
dung va u v dd H2SO4 20% (oang). Sau phan ng con chat khong tan B
va thu c 5,6 t kh (kc). Hoa tan hoan toan B trong H2SO4 , nong, d; thu
c 1,12 t kh SO2 (kc).
"C Tnh % so mo mo km oa trong hon hp A.
TC Tnh C% cac chat co trong dung dch B, bet ng H2SO4 phan ng
a va u.
$C Dan toan bo kh SO2 tren vao dd Ca(OH)2 sau mot th gan thu
c 3 g ket tua va dd D. Loc bo ket tua cho Ca(OH)2 en d vao dd
D, tm kho ng ket tua thu c.
CAC PHA,N NG CHNH TRONG CH7NG OXI1LU HUYNH
1) HI+O
2
) HBr+O
2
!) HI+FeC
3
#) Na+O
2
*) Fe+O
2
-) Cu+O
2
.) H
2
+O
2
/) P+O
2
2) N
2
+O
2
13) S+O
2
11) C+O
2
1) H
2
S+O
2
1!) C
2
H
5
OH+O
2
1#) H
2
S+O
2
1*) FeS+O
2
1-) FeS
2
+O
2
1.) CuFeS
2
+O
2
1/) Na
2
S+O
2
12) Fe(OH)
2
+O
2
3) KMnO
4
(nhet phan)
1) H
2
O(pdd)
) CO
2
+H
2
O
!) Ag+O
3
#) KI+ H
2
O +O
3
*) Na+S
-) Fe+S
.) Cu+S
/) H
2
+S
2) O
2
+S
!3) HNO
3
+S
!1) F
2
+S
!) H
2
S+O
2
!!) H
2
S + C
2
+ H
2
O
!#) SO
2
+ KMnO
4
+ H
2
O
!*) SO
2
+H
2
O
!-) Na
2
SO
3
+H
2
SO
4
!.) NaHSO
3
+H
2
SO
4
!/) H
2
S+ C
2
!2) SO
2
+ Br
2
+ H
2
O
#3) SO
2
+K
2
MnO
4
+H
2
SO
4
#1) SO
3
+H
2
O
#) H
2
SO
4
+ Fe
#!) H
2
SO
4
+Cu
##) H
2
SO
4
+FeO
#*) H
2
SO
4
+ Fe
2
O
3
#-) H
2
SO
4
+Fe
3
O
4
#.) H
2
SO
4
+FeS
#/) H
2
SO
4
+FeC
2
#2) H
2
SO
4
+FeCO
3
*3) H
2
SO
4
+Na
2
S
*1) H
2
SO
4
+CuS
*) H
2
SO
4
+Fe
*!) H
2
SO
4
+Cu
*#) H
2
SO
4
+FeO
**) H
2
SO
4
+Fe
2
O
3
*-) H
2
SO
4
+Fe
3
O
4
*.) H
2
SO
4
+FeS
*/) H
2
SO
4
+FeC
2
*2) H
2
SO
4
+FeCO
3
-3) H
2
SO
4
+ CuS
-1) H
2
SO
4
+Na
2
S
-) H
2
SO
4
+CuS
-!) NaHCO
3
tao Na
2
CO
3
:
-#) NaHCO
3
tao BaCO
3
:
-*) NaHSO
3
tao Na
2
SO
3
:
--) NaHSO
3
tao BaSO
4
:
-.) NaHCO
3
tao NaC:
-/) Na
2
CO
3
tao BaCO
3
:
-2) Na
2
SO
3
tao NaH SO
3
: