1

10. 2001.
:
-
, 27. 2003

71
53100

. +358 (0) 40-7317531

2

1. ............................................... .............................................. 5
1.1

.................................................. ............................. 7
1.2

.................................................. ......................... 9
1.3

.................................................. .................................. 13
1.4

.................................................. ........... 16
1.5

.................................................. ................... 25
1.6

.................................................. ........................ 26
1.7

.................................................. ......................... 27
2. .............................. 29
2.1

.....................................................................................................31

2.2

.................................................. .................... 42
2.3

.................................................. ..50
2.4

........... 55
2.5

.................................................. ............................................. 61
3. .............................................. ............................... 70
3.1

.................................................. ..... 70
3.2


............ 76
3.2.1 .................................... 76
3.2.2 ........................................... ................ 79
3.2.3 ....... 87
3.2.4 ..................... 89
3.2.4.1 ...................................... 90
3.2.4.2 ....................................... 95
3.3

.......................... 97
3.3.1 ............................................ ..................... 97
3.3.2 ............................................ ................... 103
3.3.3
................................................. .............................. 109
3.3.3.1 ................................ 110
3.3.3.2 - ....... 112
3.3.3.3 .................. 114
3.3.4 - .......................................... ................ 119
3.4

............................... 123
3.4.1 : ....... 127
3.4.2 ..... 132
3.4.3 , ............... 135
3.4.4 ................... 137
3.4.5 .......................................... ...... 141
3.4.6 ............................................ ............................... 144

2
3.4.7 ............................................. ............................ 145
3.4.7.1 ............................................. .................. 145
3.4.7.2 ............................................ ..146
3.4.7.3 ............................................. ................ 149
3.4.8
................................................. ....................................... 150
3.5

.................................................. ............. 152
4. .............................................. ...................................... 161
4.1

.................................. 161
4.2

.............................................. 163
4.2.1 ........................................... ................... 165
4.2.2 .......................................... ... 169
4.2.3 ................................ 171
4.2.4 - .................................... 172
4.2.5 :
............................................... ................ 176
4.3

.................................................. .... 178
4.3.1 ............................................. ................................. 179
4.3.2 BMW................................................................................................185

4.3.3 Nokia...............................................................................................190
4.4

.................................................. .................................. 193
4.4.1 () " " ..................................... .193
4.4.2 " " ......................................... .......................... 195
4.4.3 " " ......................................... ................... 198
4.4.4 " " .......... 199
4.5

.................................................. ................................... 200

5. ............................................... ............................................. 203
REFERENCES...................................................................................................209
APPENDICES....................................................................................................226
4

1: .................................. 9
2: ............................................ ...................... 11
3: ............................................ ............................... 12
4: ......................................... ................ 26
5: , ,
....................................... 28

 6: .......................................... .29
7: ......................................... ................. 41
8: ........................................... ............ 42
9: .................................... 45
10: ........................................... .................. 46
11:
.................. 55
12:
................................................ ................................ 56
13:
................................................ ............................. 67
14: ....................................... ...... 69
15: ......................................... 70 ...
16: , & ....................................... ............. 129
17: ....................................... ........ 153
18: ......................................... ............... 156
19: ........................................... ..................... 158
20: ...................................... 160
21: - ............... 162
22: - , - ..... 162
23: - ................. 163
5

1: ......................................... .... 27
2: ......................................... ........... 48
3: .......................................... .............. 59
" : 4

 ......................................................................................................................79
5: : ........ 87
6:
... 95
7:
" ..." .......................................... ...................................... 115
8:
" ..." ......................................... .......................... 115
9: .......................... 117
10: / ............. 169
6

5
1.

.
- ,
-
. -
, (
, , , , ),

.

. , ,
(
1.4),
( & 1993,
1; 1996, 140; 1998, 13;

 1994, 30; 1998, 13; 1996).

" - " (1982)
, , ,
.

, .

,
. ,
.
- ( 1998, 29; 1995, 94;
1998, 357; 1998, 48; 1995),
7

6
( ), (
) (
, ).
.
,
, .

, 66% 3
( 1994, 38; &
2000, 1062; & 1993, 2; 2000, 42.;
1996, 140; & 1998, 431).

( 1997; 1998; 1994 31).

 "", ,
.
( ,
, ) -
( )
, ,
, .
(
)
.

.


.
8

7

( & 1993, 1; 1997).

. ,
.

.
$ 60 ( 1998)
$ 200 + ,
.


( ).

( 1990, 86):
1. ,
,
2.
,
3. .
1.1

- - .
,
.
; ,

, ,
9

8
,
.
,
,
( / ),
.

,
.

 -
- -.
, :


?


.
:
-
?
-
?
:
10

9
-
?
-
?
1.2



, , ,
, , , .
(

 ) ,
. (
)

.
, ,

.
,
.
,
.

().
11

10

[ ]
[+ ]

1: ( 1998, 7;
1997, 605; - 1984, 6-7; 2001, 7-8)
1 ,
.

.
,
, , .

,
,
.

. ( 1998, 7; 1997, 605; - 1984, 6-7;
2001, 7-8)

.


.

 12

11
( , )

( )
.
-
- .
, ,
.

( , ,
). ( 2001, 1315; 1998, 73; 1997, 606; 1995, 316)

.

2: ( 2001, 13-15;
1998, 73; 1997, 606; 1995, 316)

 13

12

, ,
( )
.
"",

.
, ()
.

.
:
( , ,
).
,
. ,
,
("") .
3 .
14

13
1
( )
2
()

(. )

3:
1.3
- ,
,

, .

(, 1997; &
1995).
1990- ( 1994;.
1997; 1997; & 1998; 1998; 1998;
& 1998).
.

.
15

14
,

, ,
.

.


, .
: 1) ,

, 2) ,

, 3)
, ,
, .
,
,
.



( 1998; & 1980).
. ,

( 1987; 1991;
1992; 1995; 1996).
,
1990-. ,
,
.

 16

15
, ( 1990;
1994).

( 1998),
. (1998)
,
& 1996.

,

.
, ,
,
,


( & 1993; ' & 1999; ' &
2000; 2000 ;. 2000 ;. & 2000).


( & 1996; 1999 .
& 1993; 1999; & 1999; &
1999).
,

.



( 2001; 2001).
17

16
1.4


.
( )

.

.

:
"


. "( ., 1998, 216)

:
"

. "
( 1993, 241)
,
(. ).

 1990-
.
.
18

17
,
, (
)
:
"


.
.


. ,

,
.

. "(

 1997, 2; 1997, 12)

.
.

:
"
, ,
,
, ,
"". " (1997 , 2)
19

18

("4") :
"


- , , ,
, -
, ,
. "
(
1997, 3; 1995,
7; 1998, 9; 1998, 4)
,
,
. ,

, :
"
/

". ( 1998, 4;
& 1998, 10)


:
"

. " ( & 1997, 4)
, :
20

19
"



. " ( . 1998, 211)

.
& (2001),

.
"
""
, ,

 , ,

, ,
,

. "
( & 2001, 67)

,
. 4

.
& (2001),
.
21

20

,
. ( & 1996, 140141; 1998, 13)
1987. (1987)
:
" ,
, ,
, . " (
1998, 13; 1996, 140)

(1987)

 .

.
1995 :
"
(, , , ,
)
. " ( 1998, 13)


' 1994. (1994)
;
:
"
( )
(
22

21
) ". ( 1994, 29;
1998, 14)
(1994)

.
,
" "
. '

.

 ,
"",
( , ,
( 1998, 48), (
( 1999, 44) ), [
(1998)].
:
(. ):
(
)
, , ,
, ,
,
, , , /
, . ( &
1993, 1; 1996, 140;
1998, 13; 1994, 30;
1998, 13; 1996)
23

22
" "

. .
"
"( 1998, 14).


.

 (
).
.
. ,
. .
( & 1996, 140).

.
.
-:

,
;
. ( 1997, 665)
-: -;
-: "-
, ,
( )
. ,
,
24

23
. "
().
,

.
:

"
, ,
. " ( 1998,
339)


& (2001)
:
"
, ,
. " ( &
2001, 514)

. ,
().
"
, ,
.
,
/
...
, , , ,
25

24
. " ( & 1995, 533; &
1998, 20)
, ( . )
.

 .
:
"
,

,
. " ( & 1995, 518)

. 1978
:
"... ,
, ,

" ( 1993,
412)
:
"

. " ().

, ().
( 1997, 672). ,
. & (1995;
26

25
1998) ,
, .
.

 "
" ( & 1998, 516).
1.5
,

.
/
. .

,
.

,
.
.
,

.
,
.
-
.

,
27

26
.
,

,
.
1.6
,

.


.

.



.

.

, , ,
- .
4.
,

.
(5+ )
.
28

27



.


.

.

: ( ),
, , ,
, , , .
,
.


,
.
1.7

. ,

,
. -
, ,
-
.
29

28
5.


4.


-:
?

?
3.

, ,
-

: ?
2.





?
1.



4 :

 30

29
2.


. (
) ( 1997, 604)
,

. ( 1997, 1)

" 1990
; "( . 1994,
45; 1997, 4).
, ,
: , ,
, , .
.
1 : ( 1997, 604-605)

 --
-

,










-

-

-

31

30

, .

( , , / ).

,

 .
, ,

5, . .

()
()
()
()
()
()
() - , , ,
, ,
() , , , -,
() , , ,
/ , ,
, , ,
() , ,
, , ,
() -
()
5 : , ,
, ( 1996, 157)

.


.
32

31

6 : ( 1993, 242-243)
,
,
,
,
,

. ( 1993, 242-243)
2.1

,
",
.
33

32

.
,

. (
1996, 139-140; & 1994, 57)


. ,

 ,
. ( & 1998, 9; &
1996, 183) ,

, , .
,

.
1980-
.

, ,
, .


, . ( 1996, 5; &
1994, 57; & 1996, 183)


. ( & 1995, 4)

34

33
(),
1990. ( & 1998, 9;
1998, 447; 1997, 91) ,
, 1980 ( & 1998, 447;
. 1998, 211) ( 1970- (; & ;

 2000, 7; 1997, 27),

), , , ,
, :
,

,
, , -, 360 ,
, ( & 1998, 9; &
1998, 448; 1997, 177; . 1998, 211; 1996,
155; 1997, 8; ' 2000, 31, 32; 1999, 28;
& 2001, 65, 285).

.

. 1)
( , ,
), 2)
, 3) ,
, 4)
, 5)
, 6) , 7)
, 8) , , 9)
. ( 1997, 15;
& 1998, 1; 1996, 7; 1998,
369; 2000, 8; & 1997, 13, 18;
& 2000, 675; 1996, 147; 1996, 155;
1996, 189; 2001, 383)

 35

34

, ,
, ,
. ( 1996, 7; & 2000,
683; ' 2000, 34; 1996, 147)

. "
"
. ' "
" ".
"
".
( 1998, 323)


. ( 1997, 27)
1.4.
("4")
:
"


- , , ,
, -
, ,
. "
(

 1997, 3; 1995,
7; 1998, 9; 1998, 4)
36

35
: " ...
... "
. ( 1997, 43)
,
,
,
(
). (., 93)
"

". ( 1997, 104)


. ( 1999, 30)
,
. ( 1997, 3, 8; 1998, 20)

( 1997, 91; . 1999, 10;
1996, 143):
"
, ,
, , , ,
,
, ,

. " ( 1997, 91)

:
" ... 1)

[ "
37

36
"
], 2)

, ""
, 3)
". ( 1998, 6-7)
(,
)
: 1) ,
, ; 2)
, , ,
; 3) ,
,
. ( 1997, 10)

(
) , ,
. (, 10-11;. . 1998,
216; 2001, 207-208)
( ,

, ), ,
, ,
.
( 1997, 10-11; 1994, 20; & 1995, 7-8;
1996, 148)

.
,
, , ,
, . ( 2000, 43; &
38

37
1996, 183)
.

: . ( 1998,
5) , "

"()..
.

, ,
.
: "
"" "".

,
- , , . (, 5-6.;

 1997, 6)
1.4 .

.
:
1) :
"

,
.


39

38
.
, ,
... "
2) :
"

... ,
, ,
, . "
3) :
"

 ,


. "
4) :
" .
(, --
, , )
.

.
-
. "
5) :
"
.
, ,
...

40

39

. -
"" . "( 1997, 12-15)

. ( 2000, 7; . 1998, 218; &

1997, 23; & 2000, 675; 1999, 30;
1996, 147) ,


. ( 1997, 3-4; 1997, 92;
1997, 630; 1996, 208)
,

. ( & 1998, 11)

.
, ,
, , .

(- " / "
( 1997, 92)), ,

.
65-70%
( ,
, , ). (
1997, 103; ' 2000, 31-32)
, ,
41

40
,
.


,

.

.

,
"-" ,

. ( 1997, 4-5; & 1995, 8-9;
1998, 8-10; 1997, 92)

, ,
( . 1994,
43). ,
,
, .

,
. ( &
1998, 6)

( 1997, 93) .
"

".
. (1994)

 42

41

.
, , , ,
(1998) "

", "
". ( . 1994, 44; & 1998,
369; & 1998, 1)

. (1998)
: 1) " ()

"; 2) " (
)

. "( & 1998, 7)

. ,
,
.
.
,
, ,
.
( 1997, 164):

*

*
*

*
43

42
*
*

*
*

.
(, 166).:
*

*
*
*

*
*

,
.


, .
( 1998, 450)
2.2

( ,
) .
.
, , .
, ,
44

43
.

(
, , ). ( & 1998, 27)

.
( 1998,
324):
1.

? ( )
2.
?
( )
3.
,

 ? (
)
, .


.

.
,
.
45

44






7 : ( 1997, 11)

.
.

,
.
,
.

 46

45

.

.

.


.








.
.



.
,
.
1
2
3
4

8 : ( 1999, 32)
(1998)
.

,
.
. ( &
1998, 455-457; 2001, 90-92)
1)

. 4 ( 1.4
3.1) .

.

47

46

 ,
() .
2)

.


.

( 1998, 455).
3)
,
.
4) -
,

.


.
5) -


.
,
,
. ,


.

 48

47
6)

.
,

( 1998, 456).
7)

, "" " ",
.
.
.

.
8) " "
-
- ""
( , ,
)
. ,

.

,
.
9)

 .
,


.
49

48
(1998)
"
".
.
.


( )


( )

9 : ( &
1998, 458-459; 2001, 89-90)
,
, .
: .

.

. (1998): "
,
. "

,

 50

49
. ( & 1998,
458-459; 2001, 89-90)


.
10.


( )


( )


-4
-3
-2
-1
+1
+2
+3 +4

10 : ( & 1998, 459-460;

2001, 93-95)
51

50


.


.

.
,
.
2.3


.
.

.

 .
.
, 2,
( & 1995, 19-20)
.
,
,
.
2 (1998, 15-20, 4052) ,
52

51

.

,
,

.

.
2 :
53

52


( )





( )

-






+
+



( )
+

, ,
+



+ .





+

.
.

,
, ,

,
/

 = = =



,
54

53
, ,
,
.
,
.
,
/ . - (
1998, 12-13) ,
. . (1994, 55-56)
, (1997, 43,
44, 46, 49, 52) .

. -

,
. .
,

.
,
( . 1994, 56-57).


.




.

55

54
.

, .
, ,

.
( /
, / .; 3.3),
,
.
,
.

.


.
,


.
. , ,

.

.


. ,

56

55
,
.


/ .
-
,
, ,
.
.


.

.

 ,
,
,
.
.
.
, ,
, /
-- ,
,
.
2.4
57

56

( , )
,

.
, , ,
,
.
(
), ,
( ),
( ), ,
( ). ,
,

 . ( 1998, 20; 1996, 148, 150)

( & 1994, 57; &
2000, 669).

( , ,
, , , ,
- , ,
, ). ( & 1998, 10;
1996, 183; 1996, 148)
, , ,
,
. ( 1998, 5; . 1994, 67;
1997, 8; 1996, 6; 1996, 17)

58

57
. ( 1998, 14;
1997, 6; 2000, 44; ' 2000, 31; .
1999, 10; 1996, 149; & 2000, 669, 675)
, , ,

.
.
( & 1996, 184, 189, 1996, 147)
. (1994, 80): "
- , , , , -

 .
,
"
,
:
"
,
.
,
.

. " (
1997, 92)

.

.
,
:
59

58
.
, (
) ( / ),
( ).
, :
,
, . ( 1996,

63; 2001, 285)

" , " ( 1997, 9)
. (1998) " "
,
" ,
,
"( 1998, 327).
(1998)
( , , )
.
(1998)
("")

. ().
, " "
" " ,
.

,
.
( 1997, 2; 1997, 8; & 2001, 455)
"
60

59
. ,

"( 1997, 93).

 , ,
, . ( . 1994, 51; '
2000, 34)
.

, ,
. ( 1997, 93;
1996, 139, 143; . 1994, 46; &
& 2000, 669; 1996, 150)
, , .
(,
, )
. (1994)
"...
, ,
" (
1994, 21).
, ,
,
. ( 1996, 139, 146; 1996, 150)

. (1994).


. ( . 1994,
46; 1999, 32)
61

60

11 :
( .
1994, 46)

,
, ,
. ,
,
.
.

. ( . 1994, 45)

62

61
12 :
( 1996, 142 2001, 7-8)
, ,
, ,
(), ,
,

 (" " '"),

. ( 1996,
148; 1996, 142) ,
,

:
.



.

12.

& (2001, 7-8),

,

.
2.5

,

63

62
. ,
. ( &
1998, 447; 1998, 15-16),

 .

,
,
,
,
, ""
,
( & ; . ;
& 2000, 8; 1999, 18;
. 1998, 210, 214-216; & 1997, 8, 9;
1997, 8; 1999, 23; 1996, 155).

.
.

, , ,
, -. (
1998, 16; 1996, 148-149; 1996, 208; &
2001, 288)

.
, ,
,
.

64

63

 .
,

. ,

.
(
)
. , .
1990- .
,


. ( 1998, 16-18; 1996, 17; &
2000, 669, 676-677)
, ,
' "
-. ( & 2000, 676)

, : ,
, , .
3.
3 : ( 1997, 182)
65

64

,




,


(1998)
.
.
(1998) : -,
, , , ,
, . ( & 1998,
452-454; 2001, 80-82)
.
-
.
, .

, '

. ,
66

65
, ,
. ().

/ ,
, , , .
,

. ,
, , ,
. ().


( 1999, 18; 1998, 20; & 2000, 675),
.
.
, , ,
,

. ( 1998, 452-454)


.
, ,
.

. ().

.
67

66
.

. ,
- ,

. ().
,
. ,
2.2, .


. ,
.


. ().
,
.
,
,

( 2000, 7-8; . 1998, 210;
& 1997, 8, 14; 1999, 23; 1996, 147;
1996, 155). ,
,
,
, ( & 1997, 13;
2000, 7-8; & 2000, 671, 675).

68

67
( 2000, 7-8; & 2000,
667); ,
.

,
. ,

 , ,
.

. ( 1999, 28-29)


:
.
,
,
,
, ,
. ,
.
( 1996, 147)
,
.

.
,
, , . (
. 1998, 210; 1996, 156; 1997, 8; 1996, 139)
,
,
69

68
,
, .

, . ( 2000, 78)

.
: 1)
, .

. 2)
, , ,
-, - 21. . 3)
(
1991 ( . 1991) +
1980- 1970- ) -

. (, , . , , &
2000, 9-10; & 1997, 9, 13) 4)

.

.

.
, ,

, . ( 1996, 142143; & 1997, 9, 13; 1999, 23) 5) ,
,
,

 70

69
,
. 6)
.

, . 7)

. ,

. 8)

,
. ( 2000, 22-23)

, ( &
1999, 31).
71

70
3.

3
. - (
,
)
(). ,
1.4,
,

 .
,
,

,
,
,

( )
, ,

.
,
.
, .
3.1
, ,
.
72

71
,
. ,

.
(
$ 100 + , 5 ; 1,2
1,4 , 2,5
) ( 1998, 27; & 1998,

16; 1998, 13),

. ""
.


. / ,
, (), /
( ), (, ),
( / ), , , ( 1998, 25).

,
.
,
(
, ,
, ). 13
.
"" 1890-
( 1998, 32)
(, , 28. , 1895) ( 1995),
,
73

72
,
, .
,

,

 .
,
. 1980-


. ( & 1980, 11-12, 15;
1995) ,
,
.

" ..."

" ..."

/
""

" ..."

" ..."

13 :
( & 1980, 21)
74

73
"" ""
:
,
.
.
,
.
,

, . ( &
1980, 16-17, 26)

.
/
/
, .
.
,

 , .


. ( 1998, 37; & 1980, 25, 27)
( )
200
. ( 1998, 88) ,
.
4,0 $ 1976 $ 9,4
1980 $ 39,8 1996,
75

74
(1980-1996), .
50-100%

, . (., 54,
72, 85; 1980, 26-27, 34; 1998;
1995)
( ).

9%
&
20%

24%

31%
.
6%

10%
14 : ( 1998, 114)
, ,
. , ,

. .

.

, ( + ), ,
76

75

50 ,
. ( 1998, 52-53,
55, 72, 85; 1999, 18)
,
"
"( & 1980, 17).
.
,

. (., 17-18)

( )

-
-
-
-
- ()
- (
/
-
-
-

-
- --
15 : ( & 1980,
18)
77

76


.

.


. ,
. ( 1999, 349)
,
, ,
,
.

. ( . 2000, 52; 2000, 4)
.
3.2
3.2

.


.
3.2.1
,
,
78

77
, ( 1998, 362; & 1998, 16;
2000, 88; 2001; ' & 2000, 31),
( &
1993, 73; & 1993, 1; 1995, 11;
1998, 12),
,

 ("", "" "" :

- ,
,
) ( 1994, 20; . 2000, 42;
1994, 49).
,
( 2000, 4).

( 2000, 14;
2001, 13; 2001, 3).


.

.
- ,

. ( & 2000, 1071; & 1993, 9;
2001, 13; 2000, 14; 2000, 16)

,
, "

79

78
( . 2000, 41; 1999, 11;
1995, 1).
1920 1930 ( 1995; 1990, 82;

 1994, 32), ,

,
" " 1945

( & 1993, 2; 1996; . 1999,
323; & 1999, 71; 1997, 347).

:
( 1994, 30).
1940-

" "
( , , $ 30
000 / ) ,
'
. ( & 1993, 74-75;
2001, 13; 2001, 5; 2000, 32) 1950,
,
. ( 1990, 84-85)
1960, ,
, : ""
"" " ",
. 1970
300
,
80

79

 .
( 1994, 30; 1990, 81-85, 1994, 32)
" - " 1982
( 1998, 29; 1996),
. "
"" " , 1986
"
"( 1990, 91), ,

. 1992 ,

( & 1994, 60).
3.2.2

, . ,

.

, .
( 1998, 1999, 11; 1998, 33; 1995, 1;
1995; 1994, 30; 2000, 88; 1996;
1995, 11; 1998; . 2000, 44; &
1999, 72; 1993, 2), ,
$ 10 000- $ 20 000 /
( 2000, 44),
22- ,
81

80

 ( 1998).

.
1995 "" $ 1
- ( 1995, 11).
25%
(' &
1999, 896).


- (
). ( . 1999,
323; 1998, 33; 2001, 13; 1999, 6; &
1996, 140; 2001, 10; & 1999, 72; 1999, 8; 2001; 1998, 431)

,

( & 1994, 60, 2000 , 120, 2002; &
1998, 16; 1999, 11).

.
/ -,
.

/ ,

(
), ( ), (
). ( 1996; & 1999, 80-

 82

81
81; 1995, 1-2; 1998, 4; 1993,
2; 1999, 11; 2000, 119)
.
,
,
, .
( & 1999, 80-81, 2000, 12; 2000, 32;
& 1996, 189)

, , , "

" ( ' 2000, 34).
-- (
) .
,
, ,
. ( & 1999, 71, 87, 89-91)
;

.
. ,
, ,
, , ,
. "",
.
(., 90-91)

 .

. (, 94;. 2001)
83

82

.


, ,
. ( &
1999, 94; , . 2000, 41-42), ,
,
, .
,

. ( . 2000, 55, 56, 58; & 1999, 94)


( 1996, 1; 2000, 28; 1998;
1996, 12; . 2000, 43, 45, 49),
, , .
,
.
,
. ( 1990, 106107; 1999, 29; 1995; . 2000, 45, 49, 51;
& 1999, 79, 81; 2000, 17; 2000, 16)

 - -
, ( 1994, 31;
2001; 1998; 1996; 2000, 15).

,
. ( & 1999, 81;
. 2000, 45, 49) /
84

83

. .

, ,
( ,
, , , ). ( 2000, 13; 2001, 24;
1999, 11; & 1999, 82; 1999, 18;
2000, 119)
: /
.
,
. ( 1996; 2000, 4; &
1996, 189; 1995, 447) ,

,
( & 1999, 72; 1990, 87).

. -
,

 ,
,
. /
,
. (-
1999, 8; 1998, 48; 1995, 94; 1994, 30;
2000, 88; 1999, 29; 1995, 11; 1998;
1996; 1995; 1999, 6; 1997, 347;
& 1998, 12; , . 2000, 43)

85

84

. ( &
1993, 73-74) , ,
,

( 1995; & 1980, 90; ' & 2000, 31).
"" (
) ,

(,
, ) . (' & 1999, 896;
1995; 2000, 13; 1999, 39; 1990, 87;
1997, 347; 2001, 501)
& (1993) "
" (
),

 ' .

.
,
. ( & 1993, 75-76)

4.
4. " :
( & 1993, 75)

86

85

1,80
1,58
2,03

2,19
2,28
2,09

1,70
1,68
1,71



3,88
3,88
3,88
(1 = , 5 = )


.
() , ,
. ( 1996, 12; 1995;
& 1998, 16; 1999, 30; 1999, 39;
1997, 5; 1996; 2001; 1997; .
2000, 41; 1995, 447)
, ()
(
) ,
,
.
, ,
( )
. ( & 1998, 16; 1996; &
1999, 72; 2000, 16; ' & 2000, 31;
1997, 347)

/ ( + ), ( /
-, ), ,
,
. ( 1994, 32; . 1999, 324;
1996; 1998; 1995; 1995, 6;

 1995, 12; . 2000, 42; 1995, 445-446)

87

86
3,5
75 .

. ( &
1995, 445; 1995; & 1998, 16; 1999, 8)


.

,
,
.
,
,
.

. ( 1998, 28-29;
1999, 29; 1999, 6; 1995; 1996; 1998,
33-34)
(
)
. -
,
( ,

, , , , ),
.

,
88

87
. (' & 2000, 31; 1995;
. 1999, 324) , ,
( ),

( 1998, 70).
,
,

.
:
. ( 1995;
1995, 6; . 2000, 44; & 1999, 72)
3.2.3

. , ,
.


( 1996, 2; 1998, 29;
1995, 3; 1996).

 ( 1998, 32-33;
1994, 31; 1999, 14; 1999, 30; 1996;
1998; 2001; 1995; 2000, 13).
, ,
( 2000, 15;
2000, 29; & 1999, 72; 1999, 6;
1996; 1997; 1995, 6).
89

88
,
- ( 1995, 3; 2000, 29;
& 1999, 72; 1996; 1996; 1998,
361).
:

( 1998, 33).
, (1994)
. ,
,
,
.
/ ,
. ,
. ,

, ,
,
. ( 1994, 37-38; & 1999,

72; 1995; 1995, 11; 1998, 361; 1998, 35;

1995, 448)

. , ,
,
. ( 1999, 11; &
1995, 448)
,
,
,
90

89
. (
2001, 13; & 1999, 72; 1993, 2)
"
"( & 1993, 1-2),

. ,
-
/ ,
, .
( & 1999, 73)
,
( 1994, 35).
3.2.4
,
. ( . 2001, 29;
- 1999, 8; . 2000, 46)

 (
2.4). , ,

,
. ,
,
( ).
( & 1998, 17)

.
. ,
, ,
(= ),
91

90
/ (= , ).
(
) ,
,
. , ,
()
. ( 1994, 29-30; &
1994, 60; . 2000, 41) , ,

,
.
3.2.4.1

.
-,

, . ( 1994, 20; 1991, 5;
. 1999, 365; 1994, 56; 1990, 133;
1997, 561; 1995, 500; 1998,
369-370, 372; 1998, 389)
,
,

. ( 1991, 8;
1999, 291; . 1999, 368; & 1999, 328-329;
1997, 561; 1998, 369-370, 372; 1998,
389; 1997, 152; 1998, 339)
"
, , ,
92

91
". ( &
1998, 369)

( 2001, 5) ,
.

,
. ( . 1999,
251; 2001, 513)

. ( ,
)
.
,

, . (
1999, 291-292; 1991, 7)
:
(), (),
.
( 1990, 132; 1993, 433)

.


. ,
:
(
"" ),
93

92
,
( , ,
),
.
.
"
() ".

, ,

.

,
(, , , ).
" " ,

(
. 1999, 254).
3.4.3
.

,
,

. ,
(, , , )
.
, ,
/ /
. ( & 1999, 332, 334;
1998, 390; 1997, 152-153) /
94

93


. /

 ,
,
, , ,
/ . ( 1991, 8; & 1999,
329-330; . 1999, 366; 1998, 372;
1999, 3; 1997, 567; 1997, 157; 1998, 394;
1998, 340)
,

,
.
5 : :

(),

,

;

, ,

95

94

,
, /
,
,

: , , ( . 1999, 366;
1998, 389). ,
:
?

 ,
, -

.
,
. ( 1999, 295;
1995, 592-593; 1993, 636)
3.4
.
,

. (
1998, 17; 1994, 56)

. ,
,
.

96

95
. ( . 1999, 384-385)

.
3.2.4.2

.
, :
, ,

, , , ,
, , , ,
( & 1998, 23).
( ) .
. ( & 1998, 17) ,
,
,
, .
( & 1998, 17; 1999, 30; 1998, 30; 2000, 4;
1999, 39; 1999, 6; 1995; 1996;
' & 2000, 31; 1995, 11) ,
,
, ,
,
. ( 1999, 14; &
1999, 388; 1997, 135; 1995, 2; 1997, 5)
"
, ,
/
"( 1999, 388).
97

96


,
. ( 1998, 359;
1994, 38) ,


. ( 1998, 359;
1999, 39)
,
. ( 1998, 29; &
2001, 458)


,
. ( 1995, 2; 2001, 13;
. 2001, 29; & 1998, 16)
, ,
,


, , ,
, . ( 1994, 56-57, 1999, 39;
1996; 1999, 6) ,

,
, ,
,
. ( 2000, 13; 1999, 40; &
1998, 16; . 2000, 56; 1998, 17)

98

97
. ,


.
. ( 2001, 24;
1995)

,
: "
60
"( 1996, 82).
3.3

.
,
, , , .

. .
3.3.1
( ,
, , ) .
,
,
.

. (1990)
99

98
" ", "- ", " ".

 , -
,
. -
, . , ,

.
(1990)
, , (
) .
" ",
( , , , )
.

. "
",
( , / " ",
" ", ). ( 1990, 87-88)
(1994) (1990)
, ,
.
, .

.

(1990), (1994)
, (1990)
. (1994)

 100

99
,
, ,
- .
. ( 1994, 3843)
& (1999)
. (1999)
/ ,
. &
(1999)
(
;
" "
" ". (1995),
& (1996) ).
" ", " ", " ".
:
, , . ( & 1999,
72)
' & (1999)
.

, (
3.2.4.1)
. ' & (1999)
: ,
, - . ,

, ,
,
101

100
, . ,
(1990) - .
, , ,
.
, .
, - ,
: / /

( , "
... "). (' & 1999, 897-898)
( ' 1999)
.
: 1)
, 2) , 3) ,
4) -
( 2 3). 1
/ / ,
2 / /
. 3 /
. ( ' 1999, 898)
(1998)
.
:
/ .

 ( ,
) - (
). (1998)
. /
,
102

101
. ,
, ,
(1998)
, .


( /
). ( 1998, 357)
(2000)
(" ",
), ,
.

.
& (2000), & (1993)

, , . (1995)
, .
( & 2000, 1063; & 1993, 1; 1995)
, (1999)

. & (1998)
, - .
/ .
. (1999)

/ / . &
,
. .
103

102
(1999) (1992),
.
( , )
. ,
. /
. ( . 1999,
325-326)

( / / ) .

, . & (1999), &
(2000), & (1993), ( ' &
1999) ( )
,
.

.

 6 :

104

103
& ;

& ;
;
*

+
*

&

.
'
&

-.

.
/ -

.
.
/

.
()
-
-
-

(
& )


3.3.2

(, ), ,

. ,
(, , ), ,
, , , ,
. ( 1990, 87, 92-104, 1994, 36, 86;
. 1999, 335; 1996; 1996; &
1996, 185-186; - 1999, 8; 1998, 8;
& 1999, 73)
105

104
,
.
,
- , .

.

25% ,
75% . (
2001, 2; & 1996, 186; 1994, 75, 92;
1998, 2)
(, , , )

 .

()
, .
, ,

. (
) ,

:
.
,
. ( & 1996, 186)
,
/ .
1980-,
106

105
() .
( 2001; 2002, - 1999, 8)



,
, .

.

 , ,
, ,
. ( 2001, - 1999, 8;
1998, 48; 2001, 10; 2000, 28; 1999, 30;
1999, 48-49)

,
( " ", "
"). , ,

,
.

.
,
, .
1970- 1980-
,
.
:
107

106
,

. ( 2001; 2002; 1995;
- 1999, 8; 1999, 30; 1999, 48; 2001,
10) ,
.


,
,
.


.

.

.
-

. ( 2001, 2-3; 2001, 2;
2000, 2; 1999, 12; . 2000, 41-42)

,
.
" " (-), ,
( ,
) -
.
;

108

107
.
( 2001, 13; 1998, 4; 2000, 93; 1999, 1)

 , -
.


.
" ",

. .

. ( 1998, 32, 1998, 34)



.

,
.

,
, ;

. ( 1999, 1; 2000, 88)
-

. -

. -
109

108
25-100%
.
:
. ,
.


. -


. ( 1999, 27; 2001, 2-3; 2000,
93; 1998, 34; 2000, 56; 2001, 8)

,
.
-, .
-
1999
.
. (
2001, 3; 2000, 120; 2000, 24; 1999, 2;
2002) , ,
, "-" (2002)



, .
,


110

109
.
; ,
. (
2002; . 2002; ' 1999, 899)

3.5.

.
:
"
,
. "
3.3.3

.

:

,

. -
. ( 1994, 41,
163; 2000, 29; & 1999, 72; 1995;

1996; . 2000, 43-44)

111

110
3.3.3.1


.
.

.


. ( 1998, 30-31;
2000, 13) ,
,
.

.

.
/ ; ,

, . ( 1998, 32;
1997, 42; 1994, 157-158; 1990, 105;
1996, 187; 1999, 29; 1998, 361)
,
3.2.3,
-

 ( 1998, 34-35), ,

,
.
112

111

-
. ,

. ( 2000, 13; 1999, 30;
1998, 360-361; 1995; 1996; 1997, 53;
. 2000, 43; 2000, 29; 1994, 37)

,
.
, ,
, , .


.
,
, (
1996, 2; 1995, 3).
.

 ( 1999, 38; 1998, 48).

(
1996):
,

.
:

113

112
( & 1994,
59).

.

.
"", ,
,
,
,
,
( 1999, 54; 1998, 32).
" "
"",

( &
1998, 32; ' & 2000, 32; 1998,
48).

 .
3.3.3.2

.

; ,

.
,
.
,
114

113
.
, ,
. ( 1995, 94;
1995, 8; 1994, 30; 1994, 164-165;
2000, 13; 1999, 30; 1995; 1996;
. 1999, 324),

.

$ 10 000 $ 200 000 .
6-12 ,
.

. ( 1998, 28, 30, 32, 1996, 1-2;
1995, 2; 1994, 30; 2000, 86;

2000, 88; & 2000, 1060)

,
50
( & 1998, 16; 1996; 1998, 357;
1998, 30).
$ 50 000 / .

.

/

.
:
115

114
, ,
.
( 1994, 37; 1990, 108; 1999, 30;
1998, 360; 2001; 1996; 1995) ,
,

. ,
, . ( 1998,
30; 1998, 33; 1998, 34; 1994, 37;
2000, 10; 1996)

, ,

 .

, ,
. , ,

.


. ,
,
. ,

,
. ( 1994, 166; 1998, 31; 1995;
1995, 7; 1996; 1995, 1; 1995, 69)
3.3.3.3
116

115

/ .


.
50% 75%
. ( 1995; 1995, 6; 1994, 30;
1994, 36; 2000, 28; 2001; 1996,
82; & 1999, 72)

 ( , ) ( 1996;
2000, 88; 1997, 53; 2000, 29)
.
( , , )
, .
,
. ( 1998, 1999, 6; 1998, 32, 1999 ,
38)

.

.
( 1994, 32, 35; 1990, 96; 1999, 29;
. 2000, 41, 42)
3% .


.
. ,

117

116
. ( 1995;
2000, 28; 1998; & 1999, 88)

(,
, ) $ 5000 $ 300 000,
$ 20 000 . ,

 -


( -
). ( 2000, 29; 1994, 30-31; . 2001,
29; & 1999, 72; & 2000, 1063; .
1999, 324, 326)
.
,
, ;
.
. ( 2000,
13; 2001)



- . (
1999, 29; 1997, 5; 1995, 2; 1996, 1;
1998, 32; 1994, 33-34)
.



( 2000, 13).
118

117

 ,

, , - .


,
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
:
, ,
,

. (
2001; 2002; 2001, 10; 1999, 30)

,
.
-

, (
) . ,

 119

118
( , "
2 ", " ", )

( , - - " 2", " : 2"; 3, 8 1200
). ( 2000, 29; 1999, 30;
1995; 1995, 12; 2000, 16)


.
,

. ( 1996, 82; & 1998, 16)

.
(
)
.
,
,
. ( 1995)

.

,
.

 .

,
120

119
, .
,
, .


. ( 1995; 1995, 3;
2000, 29; 1990, 89; 1994, 37)
3.3.4 -



. ,
-, , -, , -
, ( 1.4),
/
. (
& 1999, 20; . 1997, 3; 1995, 4;
1997, 516; 1997, 665; 1998; &
1994, 61; 1998, 306) - / -
,
, .
,

 .

, -.


,
121

120
. ,
,
.
-
,
, ,
. ( 1994, 33; &
1999, 20; 2000, 88; 2001; 1995; 1997, 516;
1995, 11; 1998, 34; 1997, 52; 1994, 30;
1998, 17; 1998, 5, 306)
-
-

.
. ( & 1999, 20; - 1999, 8;
1996, 82; 2001; 1998) -

.

,

 ,

. ,
, -
. ( 2000, 29; 2002; 1995;
1998; 1998, 34)


.
122

121
, .

.
/
.
. ,

.
( & 1999, 20, 23; 1998, 34; . 2000, 44)
-

.

.
,
. ( & 1998, 16; 1995, 96;
1994, 33; 1998, 47; 1998, 12;

1998, 361)
-
- . "
" 250 -
$ 220
30
. , - $ 98
"
". ,

- . ( 1998, 25; .
2001, 29)
123

122
, ,
, .

, ,
.
,
.

,
. ( 1998, 34) , -
,
.
- ,
. (., 35)

 ,

.

, 3.2.3.

, ,

. ( 2001; 1995; 1997, 517)
-
.
:
" - 50%
".
124

123
"-
( ) ( ). "
3.4
,

.
,
.


.
& (1993)


. 70,1%
, 29,9%
.

, .
,
. 77,9%

22,1% . ( & 1993, 3-5) &
(
. 2000, 42; . 2000, 44). &
.
125

124
7 : "
... "( & 1993, 5)

%

164
100,0

115
70,1

35

21,3

29
17,7

19
11,6

11
6,7

9
5,5

12
7,3

49
29,9

6
3,7

10
6,1

11
6,7
,
11

6,7

11
6,7

34
8 : "
... "( & 1993, 6)

%

113
100,0

75
66,4

17
15,0

42
37,2

16
14,2

5
4,4


33
29,2
,
8
7,1

25
22,1

36
( )
27

,
, .


.
.
126

125
,

. ( & 1993, 7
8; . 2000, 43) , &

 (2000)
, ,

( . 2000, 49, 51).
& ( 1998)

.
, & ( 1998)
79% ,
19%, 2% .
, , 48%
46%
. 23%

. ( 1998, 29) &
( ,
, )
( . 2000, 42; . 2000, 44).
' (2000)

.
: , , ( ),
, , .
120 ,
, . (' &
2000, 32-33)
127

126

 9 : (' &
2000, 33)





'
& (1999)

.

,
,
. ,

,


. ' &
(2000). , ' & (1999), ' &
,

.
' &
128

127
. ('
& 1999, 900, 903-905; ' & 2000, 38) ,
& (1999)
":


.

(
). ( & 1999, 85)
3.4.1 :
,
,
. ( &
1994, 61; & 2000, 1060; 1998, 362; . 2000,
42; . 1999, 324)
;
"
, .


. ( 1994, 35;
1995, 2; 2001, 24; 1995)
,
() ,

. ( 1990, 85, 87)


129

128
.
,

 ,

;
,
. ( 1998, 357; 2001, 8; 1995; 1996)
,
,
. ,
, .

.
. ,
-- ,
, , ,
. ( )
,
,
.


,
.

,
,
. ( & 2000, 1061, 1067, 1071;
1998, 8; . 2000, 42; . 1999, 325;
1994, 36)

 130

129

, ,
.

. , " "
( & 1996, 141),

( ,
). /
(" ") ,
,

.
,
..

( 1998, 35). ,

. ( .; 1996, 141;
& 1999, 85)
" ".
,
:
. &
,

( , 1987) ( & 1996,

141; 1998, 34).

.
,
131

130
. 50%
30% (72%
20% ). 33%
30% ( 47%
20% ).

,
. ( & 1996, 141, 149-150;
. 2000, 43; . 2000, 42)
& (2000)
. ,
& ,
, &
. ( & 2000, 1067) & ( 1998)
50%
(
).
. ( 1998, 36)

,

(., 68-70).


.
32-38%
0-93%.

20% . (, 34;. . 2000, 42; 1994, 36;
1996, 141) &
132

131

( . 2000, 43). ()
2,5
( & 1994, 60). , &

25,6%
,
.
( & 1996, 142, 147, 150)
( 1998), 4
10 23
. 77%
100%. ( 1998)
78%,
. ( 1998, 34-35) ' &
(2000) 74,6%
21,3%,
(' & 2000, 37). , (2000)

 , 56,6%
25,2%. , &
:

(36,8% 28,2%). ( & 2000, 1067)

, 20%
" ",
30% " " (
1996, 147; . 1999, 326-327).
133

132
3.4.2

.

,
,
, ,
(
),
. ( & 1996, 142)


( 57% ),
(51%), (8%) ( 1998, 34;
1994, 36; 1998, 358). ,
, ,

 , ( 1998, 35; .
2000, 42; & 2000, 1063).
&
.
87%
.

()
,
(
). ( & 1996, 149-150)
, (1999)
,

134

133
,

(
10
,
). . 20%

. 28% /
, 87% /
. ( . 1999, 324-325,
330-331)
& ,

' & (2000), ,

, .

,
. ,
' & ,
,
,
. ,

, .
,

. (' & 2000, 36-38; &
2000, 1063; & 1999, 84)

& (2000),
, .
135

134
: 49% 20%
/ - 9% /
. - (87%
), / (54%) / (37%). ,
: / -
47%

, / 34%
- 27%.
( )
.
&

,
. ( & 2000, 1063, 1068-1071)
.
24-29 37%, 42+
12%. 12-41
28-36%. ( 1998, 34)

,
.
:
.
, ,
,
.
,
: 6
136

135
6 .
,

. ,

 .
/
:
. ( 1998, 68:79, 86)
.
( . 2000, 55).
3.4.3 ,

()

( 1997, 282).
-

. -
:
.

.

. ( 1994, 40; 1998, 359-360;
1997, 280, 283; 2001, 188-189; 1998, 4243)
,

. (' & 2000, 34)
137

136
( 1998)

 " "

( &
1998, 4).
,
, (
), , , .
( ),
. ( & 1998, 4-5)
( / )
( )
( ) .

.
. ( &
1994, 61; 1995, 3; 1998, 29; 1999, 6;
2000, 29; 1999, 39; & 2000, 1060; &
2001, 501)


,
, ,
, -
. ( 1995; 2001, 2001,
3)
,



138

137
(' & 2000, 34).

,
, ,
, . ( &
1980, 90; 1994, 61; . 1999, 254)
3.4.4
3.2.4.2
,

.

, ,
.

, ,
, ,
, , . ( 1994, 38;
1998, 359; 1998, 41)
,
, ,
,
, , ,
, ,

: . ( &
1980, 91)

,
139

138
()..
" ""
"(., 92),
, , ,
. ( 1990, 106; 1997, 289)

, -
,
( &
1980, 92).

. -

. ,
,

.

.
,
.


, ,
,
. ( & 1999, 81-83;
1998, 359; . 2000, 43)

.
140

139
, &

. ( & 1995, 175) ,
,
, 4.

,
, ,
, , , .

- ,
, , -
. (, 174-175;. 1998, 44, 152-153)

1. ()
: --
()
, ,
2. ()
: --
()
, ,

3. ()
: --
()
,
4. ()
: --

()
, ,
16 : , & ( & 1995, 175)

,
,
141

140
.
- ,
.

.

. -
- /
. - -

. ().



3.4.2.
(, , ) .

( 1998)
.
,

.
. ( 1998, 357)
,
"
"(.).
,
.

( ) ,
. ( .; &
142

141
2000, 1063)
3.4.1.
,
. ,
. ( 1998,
358) ,
, "
"(
1998, 358). ,
,
.
,
. ,

,
, . ( 1998,

358; . 2000, 42)

:
"
-, -
, "" . "
3.4.5


:
143

142

, , ,
.
.
"

"( 1994, 72).

, .
( , ,
, , )

,
.
,
.


- . ( 2000, 88; 2001, 24;
1998, 360; ' & 1999, 899; 1994, 72)


.
,

.

.

. (
. 1997, 3, 4)
144

143
, .
, , "
,
()
() "( & 1998, 370).

. ( &
1999, 20; 1998, 370-371)
()
.
.
,

 , ,
.
.
,
, , , (
) .
'
.
,

,
.

, .

(
),

145

144
. ( . 1997, 1-7)
,

, , , ,
, .

.
3.4.6


3.4.2.
, ,

. ( 1994, 36)
& (1982),
:
"
,


. , (1933)


.
. "( &
1994, 36)


, . ,
146

145

.
, ,

.
, ,


.
( 1994, 36; 1998, 40)
3.4.7

:
, .
.
3.4.7.1


. ,
,
,

. -

,

147

146
. ,
/

,
.

. ( . 2000, 43;

1994, 36)
3.4.7.2

.
.
,

.
.
()
()
() , .

( 1998),
,
.
-
,
. ( 1998, 360)
148

147

,
- ,
-.
,
.

 ,
- ,
.
( , , ...)
/ -
. (' & 2000, 34; .
2000, 43; 1994, 36; & 2000, 1062)

. (
1998)

( 1998, 360). ,
,
. ,

. (
1998)
. ( .; & 2000, 1073, 1994 , 37)

.
, ,
.

149

148
.

 . ,
.
,

. ,

.

. ( 1998, 361; &
2000, 1062)

,
. &
( ' & 2000)
" " "
" ,
"(' & 2000,
39). ( )
, / .
( )
,
.
,

. ().
150

149
3.4.7.3

 ,
,

( ).

,
. ,


.

, . ,
.
, 1990-
, ,
(
).

. ,

. ( . 2000, 43; 1994, 37;
2001, 192, 271; 1998, 361)

4:
"
".
151

150

"

. "
3.4.8

.
,
,
.

.
& (1999) '


, , ,

. ( & 1999, 84-85)
, (
)
(
1998, 38). , (
)
. , ,


. ( & 1999, 85)
,
, ( 1998), "

 152

151
,
"( 1998, 361).

. ,
,

.

. ,

. ( .; & 2000, 1072)
(1998)
"
"( 1998,
362).

.
,

.
.


. ,
. ( &
1999, 93; & 2000, 1072)

 ,

153

152
.


,
. ( & 1999, 93)
, ,
, , ,
, .
,
,
, , .
().
,


,
. ( & 1999, 93;
. 2000, 51) ,
,
,
, . (' & 2000, 39;
. 2000, 51-52)
-
, , ,

 . (
1998, 362; . 2000, 43)
3.5
154

153

. ,
,
,
.
3.4

. ( & 1993,
7; . 2000, 45, 49, 51; . 2000, 43, 44)

,
.


.
& (1999),
& (1993),
, , .
( & 1999, 80-81; & 1993, 76)


.
,

 .

,
. ( 1998, 33;
1998, 32-33; 1994, 34-35; 2001,
525)

155

154
. ( . 1999, 335)

, ,
.


.

("", )
( , )

. ( & 2000, 1062; . 2000, 44)

"-- ".
()
,
. ( & 1993, 73, 78;
. 2000, 44; 2001, 15; & 1999, 73; 1997,
57; , . 2000, 43, 44)

 .
"
,
... ,
, ,
"( & 1998, 29).
-
,
. ( & 1999,
72-73; . 2000, 44)
156

155
, ,
, ,
.
,

. ( 1995)
, :

. ( & 1999, 72-73)

. ( .
2001, 29; . 2000, 46)
,
.
,


3.4.8. & (1999)
, ,
,
, , ,
, .
(
, ,
),
. ( & 1999, 92)


. ,
157

156
3.3.2,

. , ,
,
, .
-

,
. ( 2001, 3; 2000, 93; 1999, 1;
1999, 30)
,

,


, .
,
( 2000, 24).
,
.

,
, ( ,
, ).


.
.
( 1998, 48, 2000 , 29; & 1999, 73;
. 2000, 44, 46) ,
.
158

157

2006,
. ,
.

,
,
. ( 1994, 35; .
2001, 31; 1996; 1990, 96, 108; . 2000, 44)


1980-,

. $ 350 000

" " ( 1994, 35; .. 1999;
1998, 28) ( ,
),

. 3.2.1,
1950 " " $ 30 000
( 2001, 13; &
1993, 74).

1989.
( 1998, 48; & 1993, 78; .. 1999;
1995) ,

,

,
159

158
- ( ;
) 6% , ,
1% . ( . 2001, 29-31; 2001, 9;
1996, 3)
,

 , , ,
( 1999, 45).


. :
,
.
. (2001)
" ...
"( . 2001, 29, 31).

.
, (2001) "
, "
( 2001, 9).
. .
,
. ,


.

, ,
,

160

159
. &

(1996), ,
. ( &
1996, 150; . 1999, 334) , &
( 1999)
" "

. , ,
. ( 1999, 45; '
& 2000, 32) , "
"
(.).


( .
2000, 42; ' & 2000, 32; . 2000, 44).


. , , ,

. ( 1998, 360-361; .
2000, 43, 44)


. ,
/
(
. 1999, 334).
, ,

 161

160

.

.
,

.

. ( 1999, 44;
1997, 57) ,
, ,
. ( 1998),
,
, . 8-
, 10- 8%. , 12-13 92%

. ( 1998, 29)
:

. ,
. (., 37)


.
162

161
4.

-
.
-
. ,

, ,
.
,


.
4.1
138
(131 )
.
(7)
(2) (5)

.
" " /
. - ,
-
,
.
,

 163

162

.
,
.
1994 2002
1996-2000.
138 156
( )
.
.
. ,
,

.
,
.
.
, &
.
- ,
- : (-10
- 0) (0 - +10) ()
(+10 - 0) (0 - -10) () .
.

( ,
) ,

 .
-
.
164

163
- .
/
.
. ( ),
, ( = = /
) .
.
,
,
. ,
( ).
(
3):
1 :
-, -
, "" .
2 :
.
3 :
,
.
4 :

 .
5 : - 50%
.
6 : - (
) ( ).
4.2
165

164




.
. 17
, 156
.
-1
-2
-4
-3
-5
-7
-6
-8
-9
1
2
3

4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9

7




&


&


&

()
()



.






21



&

-


-







'
.





-

























&




-

 -

/ .








&














.



.
-











-

.











.


.



76
.

.





17 :
166

165
4.2.1
156

. " / "

. :
/ = 61
/ = 44
/ = 8
/ = 43


-

.
,
.
" " ""
. ,
" / " ,
,
, .
. " /
"
61 156
. " / "
180
8. ,
167

166
50% - . ""
"" " " " "
:
= 105
= 69
=
87
= 51
? -

 , ,
, ,


( , " "
) .
"" ,
""

.
,
, ,
.

, , , .
"" ""
69:87 ""
. "
168

167
/ "
.
,
""
()
(, , ) .
, 1 .

 : " / "
,
, ,
. ,
,
-,
.
: .
,

. ,

.
169

168
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20

18 :


. , 156

 33

20 .
: 15
, 18 26 .

.
,
170

169
, , ,
:
/ = 11
/ = 10
/ = 2
/ = 10
11
. " / " (4
) , " / " (4),
" / " (2) .
" / "
11. .


.
2, .
4.2.2


.
.

.
10
. 19
.
156
183 ,
171

170
(
).

7%
( = 13)

3%
( = 5)

34%
( = 62)

56%
( = 103)
19 :

 .
.
,
,
,
(
) .
, ,


.

.
.
172

171


.
.

( )

.

, .
,

 .

,
,
. ,

, , .
, 3 .
4.2.3


.
.
,
163 , 135 28.
. :
173

172
.


. , ,
, ,
, .
: -

.

 4.
135
28
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140

20 :
4.2.4 -

-
.

-
174

173

.

-: 156 47
, 109
. .

 + - .
:
-
.
,
- ,
. ,
50%
- .

-. ,
( ) -
-- ,
. -

, -
, .
- . 5
.
175

174

50%
( = 31)

23%
( = 14)

15%
( = 9)
+
10%
( = 6)
+
2%
( = 1)
21 : -

-. 47 31.
14
. , 47
:
, .
14
6
38
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40

22 : - , -
176

175
- -
38 -,

14 -.
.
-
- ,
.
25 , 11 .
. 6
.
25
11
8
8

5
3
0
5
10
15
20
25

23 : -

.
98
. 58
.

 177

176


. ,
.
4.2.5 :

,

.
,
.

, .

? ?
,

,
.
, , ,
,
,
.

- ,

 -
. ,
.
87 69 .

178

177
,

. ,
,
.
4

. 2.3

, ,
.
, 2.3, ,
.



, , ,
-
,
.

,
,
-

--

87 ,
69

. ,
.
,

179

178
. 28
,
?
?

.

 .
4.3

,
.
,


.



,
.

- .

.
180

179
, ,
.
, ,
.
4.3.1

.

 ,
,
.

.

,

, 1500
1984. ( 1998,
58; 2001; 1998; 1996; 1996, 12)

. ,
,
.

, ,
.

,
181

180

.

.

.

 ,

, ( 1.
2. ),
. ( 2001; & 1998, 58, 1996 , 12;
1995, 6)


.

;
,
, . ,
,
.

,
.
( 2001)
: .
" "(
), ,
/ , (2002)
.
182

181

, , ,

 , .
() (),
() (), .
" " () "
" .

. ( & 1998, 58;
1998; 1996)


" ".
,
.
" "


.
10 : /
" " (2001) - 4, 23
:
. .
:
: , . 850 , 128
, 32 " , , 56 ...
?!
: ... , ?
[ ]
: ?

 183

182
:
, ... : ?
: !
: , ! .
: , . "-21" [=
] !
: .
: , , .
: , ,
.
: ?
?!
:
?
: ! , ,
.
: !
: ?
: , -21.
: . .
:
.
3 ,
,
.
:
: , , ,

!
: -21?
: . , .
...
...

" " " ".
,

.
.
,

184

183

.
.
,
,
&
. ( 1998; 1995, 8; & 1999, 82)


.
,
. ,

 .

.
, -
:
,
,
,
. , ,


.
:
,
.
. ( 1998, 31-32;
1995, 7; 1998, 58; 2001)
185

184


.
,
.
.

.
, ,

" ". ,
- .
, ,

. -
.
, ,

,
. ( 2001)
, .
,

.

.
:
-
.
186

185

. ( 2001)
.

.
1980- 1990-,
$ 15 $ 100

.
,
"1984" , .



(
2002).


.
( 2002; 2002)
4.3.2


. 1990-

, ,
,
20 40 .
,
187

186
.
,
1962.-
.


, .
5, ,
8 ,
,
, .


, , .
( 1995, 8; 1995, 15; 1998, 48; 1996, 17;
1995, 9; 2000; 2000, 119; 2001,
24; 1998, 357)
1995 ""
3
.
" ", . (
1995, 15) 15
3. / 3
-

, / 1982.
(- 1999, 8; 1995, 1; 1996; 1996)
, 30 ,
(
) .
188

187
,

, .

3
.
/ "" -
1995 ( & 1998, 16).
,
3

. ( 1997, 62; 1995,
9; 2001, 24; 1995, 11; 1997, 53)
, 1997 "
". 750
1200 .
750
(
). (- 1999, 8; 1997, 53-54)

750
, .
1200
.
, ,

. 1200

,
.

 189

188
,
.
""
,
. 1200
" " 3 .

" " 100 $
. ( 1999, 40; 2000, 29; . 2000, 41)
1999 " "
"-" 8
3 , , .

3 , .
, ,
.
,
-
, . ( 1999, 13)

,
.
20
" ", 8 -
,
"", . ( 2000, 13;
& 1999, 8; 2000, 13)

 190

189


,

, .
"007 -
", , , 8,
" ". ,


. (- 1999, 8)
-
, ,
, . ( 2000, 17;
2001)

. , 2002 "
"
, 12 .

, , . (-
2000; - 2002, 26) ,
,
.

 .
.
( 2002)
,
191

190

,
1 1 .

--
, - 1
.
4.3.3


,
.




.

.
,

. 1995

 " ",
, ,
"" "",
.

, . ,
192

191

"",
( $ 2000 )
. ,


, , ,
,
. ( 1995, 94;
2000, 86; 2000, 88)
,
- - " -",

. -

.
"", " " "".


. ( 2001, 2000, 16)


30%.
( , , ,
)
.
1999
"", 8110
( ""
)
193

192
.
:

.
7110

. ( 2001;
2000, 16) , , , , ,
.
"
" , , -
.
- , " ",
. (
2002, 19; 2000, 10; 1999, 40)
-
( " " 1997, " "

2001 " 2" 2000, )

: .
,
, ,
,

. ( 2000, 13; 2001, 2000, 37)
, "-"
" " "
". ( 1999, 49; 2002, 19)


.
194

193
16
,
. ( 2000, 16)

(
; )
.
2001 $ 900 (3% )
.
,
( 1996; 2002),
.
,

, .

--

.
4.4


.
, ,
.
4.4.1 () " "
" "
(2000), ,
195

194
,
, - .

.
.


, , , , , , ,
, , /

 .


.

() -
; .

, , , .
,

.

, , -
, ,
,
.

, , , . ( 2000, 20;
2001, 22; 2001) 9
( 540 ,
) ,
196

195
, 10
.
4.4.2 " "
-

 .
,
,
.
.

.
,
. ,
,
.

" ":
80 . 540
,
40 .
40
10
80 .
, 10
. " "

. ""
34 40 .
197

196

.

 ,
,
.
.
,
" "
.
10 ,
-
. " "

.

/ . -
""
.

.


, ,
.
( 2001)
, ,

. , ,
,

 198

197
,
.
:


.
, ,
.

.

.


.
,

,
. ().


.

.


,

 .

,
199

198
.
().
4.4.3 " "

"
".


, $ 1,5 .
.

.
,
, ,

" *** !". -
" ",

, -
- . , $ 10-12
- ,
. ,
.

 .

. ,



200

199
. ( 2000, 28;
1998, 34-35; 1999, 14; 1999, 50;
1997, 5)
4.4.4 " "

:
( 3.3.2
).
" ",

.
. " "

: ( ,
, , - , )
, (""), ,
, .
(" ... "," ... ")
,

: .
( ,
) ,
( )
,
. " "
,
.
201

200
,
,
.
, " "

.


. ,
, ,
,
(, ), . (
2001; 2002; 2001, 10; 2000, 120)
4.5 :

 .

17.

.


, ,

.
202

201




.

,
.

.
- -
,
.

 .
()

.


,
-
.

,
, ,
.

, .
203

202
,

, ,
,
105 98.


.

.

 - /

.
,

.



.

,
.

,
.
204

203
5.

.
(
)
, .
, ,
30 .
-

 , , ,
-
. ,
() ,
.

.
4 .
,

,
.

.


.
-

205

204
.
: - / ,
/
, ,
( )
.

- .



.

,

,
.

:

. ,
,
,
. ,
.
" "

. ,
,
( 10-12 )
206

205
. ,

,

 .

,
,
, .

()
. -
.

,
.

, , .
, (
4), , .

.


. , ,


, ,
, .

. " - "
207

206
,
.


.


.

.
,
.
,
,
.

-
.
:
. , :
(
) ,
,

.

,
, .

 208

207

.

.
,
.,

, ,
.

.

,
.

.


,
.


.
, ,
, , .
? ,


,


209

208
.
,
.

, ,
. ,

,

. , : "

".
210

209

, (1997): "
? "( , . 75, . 5, . 135-143)
(1999): " , " ( ,
. 70, . 22, . 30)
-, (1984): ":
, "( & , ,

)
, ; , , (1999): " ,
"( , . 33, 3/4,
. 250-272)
, (2001): " "
( , . 35, . 7, . 5)
, & , (1996): " '
"(
, . 15, . 2, . 140-151)
, (1994): " :
"( , . 23,
. 4, . 29)
, (2000): " " (
, . 93, . 14, . 28)
, (2001): ", , !" [ ],
26/06/2001,
[://../.?=.?=11890]
, (2001): "
"( , 19, 2001, . 22)
, (1996): " :
- "
( , . 37, . 3, . 207-215)
211

210
, (2000): " "
( , . 71, . 23, . 93)
, (1999): " ,
"( , . 40, . 29., . 6)

, . & , . (1998): "

- "
( / -, , .)
, . & , . (1995): "
-
"( / -, , .)
, (1999): " ,
"( , . 33, 3/4, . 291-313)
, (2000): " " ( ., 74,
. 5858, . 13)
[ (2002); ://.]
,

(1994):
"

"(
/ , )
(1998): " ? -! "
( , . 39, . 31, . 34)
, ; , . , . (1999): "
- "( , . 18, .
3, . 323-337)
, . (2001): " " ( ,
. 72, . 15, . 24)
(2000): "! " (
, . 130, . 52, . 56)

 (1996): "... " (

& , . 12, . 9, . 3)
, . (1993): " " (
, , .)
212

211
, . (1998): " " (
, . 86, . 12, . 28)
, (2001): ", "
( , 10, 2001)
, . (1997): "
& "(-, , )
, (1999): "
"( , . 33, . 2, . 6)
, . (2000): "
? "(
, . 40, . 5, . 7-15)
, (2000): " " ( , 17. ,
2000, . 29)
, (1999): " " ( ,
19, 1999, . 29)
, (1996): " " ( , 28, 1996;
. 55-56)
, . , . (1995): "
"( , , )
', , (2000): "
"
( , . 22., . 2, .

31-40)
', , (1999): "
"(
, . 33, 9/10, . 896-910)
, & , . (1992): "
- ? "
( , , .)
, & , (1999): " "
( , . 22, . 13, . 28-31)
, . , . (1999): ""
"(
, . 28, . 2, . 71-95)
213

212
, & , (1996): "
"( , , )
, (1996): " " ( , 12,
1996, . 12)
, (2000): " " ( :
, . 20, . 7, . 16)
, (2000): "
"( , . 71, . 49, . 32)
, (2000): " ''
"( , . 71, . 4, . 24)
, (1999): " " (
, . 100, . 3, . 39)
, & , . (2000): ", ,
- /

 "( , . 34, . 5-6, . 667-686)

, (1998): " -"
( , . 39, . 31, . 48)
, (2002): "
"(, 01/02/2002)
, ; , . , . (1994):
" : "
( . / - , , .)
, . , . (1996): "
"(
, . 37, . 3, . 183-191)
, . , . (1998): "
"
( & , . 16, . 6, . 369-374)
, . , . (1999): "
: "(
, . 33, 3/4, . 348-364)
(2001): "
"[ , 21/02/2001], 25/02/2001,
214

213
[://..//20010221-0086.]
- (1996):
" " [ ], 07/04/1998,
[://../// 1.]
- (1998):
" 101" [ ], 07/04/1998,
[://..///.]

 (2000): " ?" ( / / , 05/04/2000)

, (2000): " " ( &
, . 65, . 8, . 119-122)
, & , (1999): "
: "( , .
33, 3/4, . 387-401)
, (2000): " ; "
( , . 41, . 41, . 10)
, (2000): " "
( , . 41, . 47, . 20)
, (2000): ": ,
"( , . 41, . 45, . 15)
, (2001): " "
( , . 72, . 13, . 4)
, (2000): " , "
( , . 19, . 48, . 12)
, (1999): " " ( , .
9, . 7, . 12)
, (2001): "- ,
"( , . 72, . 4, . 2)
, (2001): "" "( 72,, .
. 4, . 2-3)
, & , (1999): "
007 8 "( , . 70, . 9, . 8)
215

214
, (2001): " " ( ., 11,

. 11, . 8)
, (2002): "- -
. "[ , 11/04/2002],
16/04/2002,
[://./2002-0411 / __ / _ /-147228.? 6 = 1]
[://..///20020412/10/____1.]
, (1999): " " ( - ,
. 40, . 43, . 18)
, (1997): " " ( - ,
. 38, . 15, . 62)
, (2001): " " (
, . 93, . 38, . 13)
, . (2000): " "
( , . 40, . 5, . 22-23)
, .; , & -, (2000):
" : - ,
,
"( , 29 ., . 4,
. 41-58)
, .; , . , . (1999):
" " (
, . 39, . 1, . 7-20)
, (1999): " -
? "( , . 91, . 52, . 11)
, (1998): " " [ ],
16/03/2001, [://..///.]
, / (2001):
/ ; (30. 2001)

, (2001): " " ( ., 72,

. 7, . 10)
216

215
, (2000): " " '- "
( , . 141, . 8, . 88)
, ; , . , .
(2000): " :
"(
, . 22, . 2, . 41-52)
, (2002): " " ( , 19. ,
2002)
[://..////0,15114,369658,00.
]
, & , (1998): ":
"( & , . 16,
. 3)
, (1997): " " (
, . 68, . 15, . 53)
, (1999): " :
"( , . 39, . 3, . 43-51)
, . (1996): "
"( , . 37,
. 3, . 155-162)
, . (1997): " , "
( , . 31 . 11, . 8)
- (2002): " " ( - ,
12/01/2002, . 26)

- (2002): " " ( / , 13/04/2002)

,

(1998):
"

"/ /
( , )
, (2000): " - "
( , . 19, . 37, . 16)
(1998): "
"[ ], 06/04/1998,
[://../.]
217

216
, ; , . , (1998): "
"(
, , .)
, (1997): " " ( , 68,.
. 15, . 52)
, , . (1980): "
"( , , )
, (2002): ": " ( ,
04, 2002) [://..///0,2125,56677,00.]
, (1999): " " ( ..., 40, 29, 50)
, . (1996): " :

 "( & , . 14, . 2,

. 5-12)
, . (1994): " ? "( & , . 12, . 2,
. 19-25)
, . . (1999): "-
"( , .
39, . 1, . 21-38)
, (2000): " : " ( &
, . 130, . 42, . 44)
, (1990): " , , :

"
( & 15;. , )
, (1995): " " ( ,
. 15, . 4, . 6-8)
, (1997): " - , ,
"(-, , )
, (1998): " " ( .., 39, 28,
. 31)
, (1999): " " ( ., 40, .
19, . 52)
218

217
, ; , ; , & ,
(1999): " " ( ..., 153, 15, 44)
, . (2001): " , "
( , . 93, . 62, . 9)

, , (2000): "
: "
( & , . 17, . 12, . 1059-1075)
, (1999): " " (
, . 26, . 12, . 40)
, (1996): ", , " (
, . 14, . 12, . 17)
, . (1996): " " ( :
, . 16, . 10, . 61-63)
, . (1997): " "
( , . 31 . 11, . 6)
, (2001): " " ( ,
. 72, . 4, . 3)
, (2000): " ' '
"( , . 71, . 45, . 73)
, (1996): " : 90- "
( , . 3, . 1, . 17)
, (2000): " " ( ..., 41, 7, 4)
, . (2000): "
"( , 40 ., . 3, . 2739)
, (1995): " " (
, . 147, . 11, . 94-96)
, , (2000): ", $ 200
"( , . 71, . 22, . 2)
, . (2001): " " ( ..., 42, 2, 6)
, (2000): ": " ( ., 41,
. 23, . 44 47-)

 219

218
, (2000): " " ( ,
. 17, . 12, . 24)
(1999): " "
( , . 33, . 15., . 45)
(1997): " " (
, . 19, . 49, . 5)
, (1995): " " ( ,
16, 1995, . 11)
, , (1998): "
"( , . 39, . 6, . 16)
, . & , (1997): "
"(
, . 37, . 5, . 19-26)
, (1998): " " ( -
, . 48, . 31, . 4)
, (1994): " , :
"( , . 35, . 13, . 30)
, . (1997): " ?
"( , . 31, . 19, . 27-28)
, (1991): " - "
( , . 25., . 11, . 5-10)
, & ', (1999): " -
"( , . 33, 3/4, .
241-249)
, & , (1999): "
"( , . 33, 3/4, . 328347)

, . (2000): " " ( ,

2000, . 43)
, (1996): " " ( ,
1996, . 81-82)
220

219
, (2000): "-
"( , : - , 2000, . 28-29)
, & , (1993): "
"(
, . 12, . 1, . 1-11)
, (2001): " " ( ., 72,
. 4, . 3)
, ; , , (1999): "
"
( , . 33, . 3/4, . 365-386)
(1996): " " (
27, 1996) [://..//199609/776291_5.]
, (2002): " "
( - , 05/10/2002, .19)
, (2001): " " ( , 06/04/2001, . 3)
', (2000): "" ( .., 41, 22, 30-.
35)
, (2000): " , " (
, 06/11/2000, . 3706, . 14)
, (2001): " " ( ,

 / , 12/11/2001, . 12)
, (1998): " ,
"( , . 138, . 12, . 48)
, & , (1999): "
:
"( , . 25, . 4, . 481-493)
.. (1999): " 15.7 " [ ],
12/12/1999, [://...///157.]
, (1997): "
"( , , .)
221

220
, , (2001): "
"( , , )
, & , (1998): " :
"
( , . 17, . 4, . 447-465)
(1996): " " [ ],
6/4/1998, [://../ 97.]
, ; , & , . (1997): "
"(
, , .)
, (2001): ", , :
"[ , 05/04/2001],
05/04/2001,
[://..///20010405//_____
__
_____1.]

, (1998): " , " (

, . 90, . 182, . 4)
, (2001): "
"( , 23. 2001, . 15)
, (1997): " " ( ..., 68, 2, 1)
, (1999): " " " "
( , . 70, . 21, . 1)
, . & , (1998): "
& "( / -, )
, . , . (1999): "-
"( , .
19, . 4, . 20-27)
, . (1998): " :
"( , . 25, .
357-362)
222

221
, . , (1993): " :
- "(?
, . 33, . 3, . 72-80)
, ; ; , ; , .
, . (2001): "

"( , . 357, . 9249, . 29-32)
, (2001): " " ( & , .
131, . 5, . 34)
, (1998): "
"( , . 32, . 10, . 11)

, (1996): "-" ( ,
. 15, . 35, . 1)
, . (1997): " " ( ., 31,
. 11, . 8)
, . (1996): " "
( , . 30, . 6, . 14)
, . (1996): " " (
, . 30, . 5, . 6)
, . (1998): " " ( ., 247,
. 10, . 20)
, . (2000): " "
( , . 34, . 4, . 12)
, . (1996): " "
( , . 37, . 3, . 139-146)
, . (1996): " "
( , . 30, . 23, . 11)
, . (1996): " " ( ,
. 30, . 19, . 14)
, . & , . (1997): "
: "
( , . 37, . 5, . 7-18)
223

222
, ; , . , .
(1994): " :
"( , , .)
, (1999): " " ( ., 79,
. 3, . 54)

, (1998): " , ,
"( , . 83,
. 12, . 13)
, (1998): " "
( , 30/04/1998, . 28-29)
, (1995): " " ( , .
29, . 16, . 1)
, . (1997): ",
"( ,
, )
, (1999): " " ""
( , . 20, . 16, . 3)
. (2002): "-
"[ , 11/04/2002],

16/04/2002,
[://../////3044513.
]
, . (1998): " :
"( , , )
, (1997): " " (,
)
, (1998): " :
"( , )
, . , . (1994): ":
: "
( , . 34, . 1, . 57)
, ; , . , . (1998):
" :
"( , 20 ., . 3, . 210-

218)
224

223
, (1998): (: " " 39, .
. 28, 13/07/98, . 8)
, (1998): " " ( ,
. 39, . 43, . 12-13)
, (1997): " " ( ,
. 38, . 46, 08/12/97, . 42)
, (2000): " "
( , . 41, . 18, . 13)
, (1999): "- ; "
( , . 40, . 45, . 14)
, (1995): " " ( ,
. 36, . 5, . 9)
, (1998): " -
"
( , . 39, . 19, 11/05/98, . 34)
, (1998): ": " ( , 39, ..
31, 10/08/98, . 32)
, , (1998): "
"( , . 39, . 20,
. 16)
, , (2000): " " ( ,
. 41, . 10, . 4)
-, (1999): " "
( , . 33, . 4, 15/02/99, .8)
, . (1996): "

 : ,
"( , . 37, . 3, .
147-153)
, , (1998): " "
( , . 132, . 22, 30/11/98, . 58)
, (1995): ", , " ( , 8,
1995, . 12)
225

224
, (1995): " ! -
"[ ( )],
12/12/1999,
[://../// .]
(1997): " " [ ,
19/11/1997], 06/04/1998 [://207.217.105.41/.]
, . (1998): " :
"( , , )
, / (2001): /
( ); -
(17. 2001)
, (1998): " " ( ,
. 8, . 45, . 46-48)
, (2000): "" ( .., 41, 42,
. 82-87)
, (2002): " " "
"( ,
11, 2002) [://.///17/1/1]
, (1999): " :

 "( , . 44, . 2, . 18-22)

, (1999): "
"( , . 60, . 3, . 18-24)
, (1999): " "
( , . 140, . 4, . 38)
:
, / (2001):
/ ; (30. 2001)
, / (2001): /
( ); -
(17. 2001)
226

225
227

226

:
:
:
228

[1/6]
: []
-10 - +10
+10 - -10

 - - .

7
5
-4

4
()
-4
5

6

6
5

17

-2

8

8
5

3
&
-2
3

20

-6
5

3

5

10
&
8
-7

5

-5
-2

12

7
4

25
&
-4
3

14

6
-8

5
()
-3
8

3
()
2
7

7
6

6
5

17

-3
6

28

8
-6

8
8


22

2
-6

16

-4
2

7

-2
-6

12

-2
2

7
229

[2/6]
-10 - +10
+10 - -10

- - .

7
-6

3
3


24
21
-4
5

31

-3
-6

12

-6
2

-4
6


3
&
5
7

17

-6
7

20
-
5
-6

-3
6

3
2

7
-
3
4

7

7
-6

29

-4
5

6
6

17

7
4

17

-5
5

7
-5


5

6
-7

4
'
6
-7

5
.
-4
1

-2
4

20

-8
9

28
()
-5
5

28
/
6
4

17

-6
7

3
- /
4
-5

3
2

17
230

[3/6]
-10 - +10
+10 - -10

 - - .

-3
4

13

4
-6

3
6

29

-7
3

8

3
-3

4
3

1

2
3

15

-10
5

15

7
-6

2
- ()
-3
4

2
-2

16

-4
7

-2
3

32

-5
6

-3
5

-3
6

3

7
-4

-2
3

24
()
3
-4

16

-6
8

-3
1

24

-4
6

3
/
3
3

17

4
3

13
& /
8
-6

5

2
2

11

9
-8

23

4
-5

16
231

[4/6]
-10 - +10
+10 - -10

- - .

/
-6
1

20
-
-2

3
-
2
2

12

6
-6

2
/
-5
-8

12

4
4

18

-3
4

20

5
-4

4

2
3

19
( )
6

-5

19

6
-7

5

4
-5

4
( )
8
-8

7
&
7
6

17

6
3

7

6
4

-2
5

20

3
5

13

-2
1

12

3
7

5
4

23

4
3

25

7
-7

8
-8

3
1

10

4
-4

-4
4

-2
3

24
232

[5/6]
-10 - +10
+10 - -10

- - .




-4
4

8

6
-2

16

-7
4

20

-4
7

2
6

3

-1
3

14

4
4

7
-
2
4

13

2
-2

4

8
-6

2
4

7

5
-9

5

7
-7

2

-3
-5

12

-2
4

30

-3

24

-2
3

3
3

26
()
-9
8

8
-

-3
3

20

5
-3

2
&
8
-5

6
-7


3
-4

-2
5

24

2
5

4
4


4
-3

16
233

[6/6]
-10 - +10
+10 - -10

- - .

3
5

17

3
-4

16

6
5

5
-6

-3
-5

26


6
-6

16

-2
6

7

2
3

26

-3
6

-1
-4

12

-2
3

7
76
-5
-2

21

-5
4

28

-2
3

27

-5
5

-4
5

-9
8


33
/
-4
6

7
6

17

-3
4

24

156
47
62 *
103 *

135 **
28 **
=
13 () *
= /
5 () *
* = 183; .
** = 163; .
234

[1/3]
: []
( )

1.
3
2.
9
3.
20
4. /
10
5. / /
12
6. /
2
7. +
14

8. +
9
9.
1
10.
2
11.
1
12.
8
13. /
4
14.
2
15. +
2
16. /
8
17. /
11
18. /
1
19.
2
20.
8
21. /
1
22.
1

23.
2
24.
7
25.
2
26.
3
27. /
1
28. / /
4
29. /
2
30.
1
31.
1
32. /
1
33.
1

156
235

[2/3]
( )


3.
20
7. +
14
5. / /
12
17. /
11
4. /
10
2.
9
8. +
9
12.
8
16. /
8
20.
8
24.
7
13. /
4
28. / /
4
1.
3
26.

3
6. /
2
10.
2
14.
2
15. +
2
19.
2
23.
2
25.
2
29. /
2
9.
1
11.
1
18. /
1
21. /
1
22.
1
27. /
1
30.

1
31.
1
32. /
1
33.
1

156
236

[3/3]
( )

9

2
/ /
12
/
11
+
9

7

 /
4
/
1

8
/
1

1
+
2
/
2

1

1
/ /
4

1

20
/
2
/
1
/
1


1
/
8

3
/
10
+
14

8

2

2

156
237

[1/2]
:


:
:
!
:
:
:
-:
:
1.
/ ?
2.
?
3. " "
?
?
4. :
?
5. :
(
, , )?
6.

?
7.
, ,
, -- ?
?
8. ?

 ( / )?
238

[2/2]
9. - (
) ?
-?
10. (, ,
, ), ?
11. : "
" , "
"?
?
12.

?
,
?
?
13.

?
?
- :