2006

()

432 107

610041

(028) 82850364

dingyq@swip.ac.cn

www.swip.ac.cn


2006 2006 5 24
ITERInternational
Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor
11 21 ITER
7 ITER

2006 2006 2020

2006 10 21 ITPA
80 30 18
1 1

2006 HL-2A

ITGETG

ITER
30 kW
;

ITER ITER
ITER

 ITER

HL-2A ,

2006 97 45 SCI
60 1 4 7

2006

2006

2006

ii

2006 1

1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8

4
7
9
HL-2A 10
HL-2A 12
HL-2A 14
(16)
HL-2A (19)

1.9

HL-2A (21)

1.10 HL-2A
1.11 HL-2A
1.12 HL-2A ECRH
1.13 HL-2A LHCD
1.14 HL-2A
1.15 TZ-2

(24)
(26)
(28)
(30)
(32)
(34)

HL-2A HL-2M (35)

1.16

1.17 HL-2A (39)

1.18 ECRH (42)
1.19 HL-2A ECRH (44)

A2 2006

HL-2A
HL-2M
ITER
ITER

2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10

(46)
(49)
(51)
(54)
(56)
(58)
(60)
(62)
(64)
(66)

3.1
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4
3.1.5
3.1.6

ITER

ITER CH HCSB TBM

(68)
(70)
(72)
(74)
(77)
(79)

3.1.7

3 keV Li2TiO3 (81)

3.2
3.2.1 (83)
3.2.2 (85)
3.2.3 CLF-1 (88)

1
2

(90)
(92)

/
1 HL-2A (94)
2 (96)
3 HCSB-DEMO (98)
4 ITER (100)
5 (102)
6 PSM (105)

1 2006 (108)
2 2006 (109)
3 2006 (109)
4 2006 (111)
5 2006 (111)
6 2006 (112)
7 2006 (113)

II

2006

2006 HL-2A ITER HL-2A

: HL-2A ITERHL-2M

HL-2A

ITER
ITER
ITER

HL-2A ITER
HL-2A

2
2.1

HL-2A

HL-2A
2006 HL-2A

23
2.7 T 433 kA
3.15 s 2.5 s
2.5 MW 61019 m3
4.93 keV 5500
/ 68
GHz/500 kW/1 s ECRH 2 MW
ECRH 1 MW LHCD 1 MW
NBI HL-2A 4
MWECRH/2 MW1 sLHCD/1 MW1 sNBI/1 MW
1 s

8
X
8

400

80 MVA
1500 rpm
1650 rpm
0.9 4
ECRH
2.2

HL-2A
2006

HL-2A MW
1.6 MW 600 ms
3.5 keV 4.93 keV
5500
3
X

MHD
MHD MHD

m2 m1

2005

GAMZF
LFZF

 HL-2A

HCN
X ECE

SXR

X STRAHL
X
D V

Fe-0.1C-9Cr-1.5W-0.2
Mn-0.2 V-0.02 Tawt%
700 MPa Eurofer 97
2%
V-4Cr-4Ti
NIFS-Heat 2

W
VPS-W/C VPS-W/Cu
5
MWm2 1000

MHD

MHD

HL-2A HL-2A
DMHD
GATOBOU EFIT HL-2A
HL-2A
HL-2A

SWEQU HL-2M
ITER

DEMO
DEMO DEMO

DEMO //
DEMO HCSB-DEMO
HCSB-DEMO

HCSB-DEMO 14
72 1008

630 mm 800 mm ITER

RELAP5
MCNP FDKR MCNP/FDKR

ITER

ITER

ITER ITER
ITER

ITER ITER
TBM ITER
ITER

ITER
ITER Be Cu SS
HIP
Be/Cu Cu/SS

505032 mm3 580 HIP

Ti/Cu
108 MPa ITER
QA Be/Cu
Be/Cu
100%CuCrZr

Be Be ITER

30 kW
ITER
ITER ITER
ITER
ITER

ITER TBM
ITER ITER


1/4C 1/2
HCSB-TBM
ITER-TBM
HCSB-TBM

LAFMs
0.51 mm -6
80% 0.5 mm
1 mm 8 MPa
0.1 MPa
1/2 24 HCSB-TBM
TBM
EM-TBM
E-M

HL-2A

ITER
HL-2A
HL-2A 16

HL-2M

HL-2A
HL-2M

250 mm
2.80 T 2.56 T
R2.30 m1.5%

HL-2M
IP1.2 MAR1.85 ma0.5 m
1.61.80.5BT2.6T, 10 V s

2006

1 HL-2A

HL-2A
MHD

MHD
4.93 keV 5500 ,
m2 m1

2ITER

HCSB-DEMO HCSB-DEMO
ITER HCSB-TBM

ITER

8028084 mm3
3HL-2A


1
1.1

8 2006

GAM
ECRH m/n1/1 ECRH
ECRH

HL-2A 2002 2003

2006

23
2
MW ECRH

908

2.3

VUV
1 m 30 nm
1

320 nm 0.014 nm1200 g mm , 10

6.7 ms/
0.04 nm 2400

g mm 1 10

CCD

HL-2A MSE

2.1

HL-2A

Nd:YAG 4 J
10 ns
YAG 30 mm
5 m
1632.5 mm, 4
mm
200 mm 400 mm, 600 mm

4 cm
100%

HCN

2.4 X
SDD
A/D
X

HL-2A ECRH
SMBI X
ECE

2.2 HCN

HCN 6 m HCN
200 mW FPGA

2.5
16
, z70
84 z

 Video
Bolometer

JT-60U
IRVB
2.6

General Valve Series

99 VB
0.01 ms 1
30

HL-2A Series 99

p01.0 MPa
SRS p0 HL-2A

HL-2A
HL-2A

ECRH MHD

3.1

HL-2A GAM

BT2.5 T, Ip100170 kA, q047, 38.0

cm 0.91.1

1 02 kHz
|m|<3

02 kHz |m|<3
7 kHz GAM 30 kHz

7 kHz GAM 30 kHz

2 ECRH

3.2 ECRH
HL-2A 3 MW
4 68 GHz
500
kW 1 s 2 MW
1.63 MW ECRH
HL-2A 4.93 keV 2
.3 ECRH MHD

MHD

MHD

m/n1/1 HL-2A

MHD MHD

MHD q2
MHD
m1, n1

HL-2A

3.4 SMBIECRH
ECRH
ECRH

ECRH

3.5


HL-2A H
D-D H
ECRH H

HL-2A

GAM

4.93 keV
MHD
ECRH
ECRH
MHD

ECRH

1.2

S99 Laval
1.0 MPa 250

Laval

Laval

Hagena
[1]

*k

(d/ tan ) 0.85

p0
2.29
T0

d m 1/2 p0
T0 k
> 100300

H2
184

D2
182

He
3.85

Ne
185

Ar
1650

Kr
2890

Xe
5500

2 mm

20

Parker Series 99
500 m
80 K

2 100
[1,2]

1
cos2
s

1 k

1
0.2 mJ 532 nm

2 5d 6 n 21

34 n 22

S RS s
n clust

S RS n clust s

s d 6

Vc
d 3
N c d 3

s N c2

n0 p0
nclustn0/N c S RS
nclust N c
2

S RS nclust N c n0 N c

S RS p0 N c

10075016 10475024

S RS p0
6 2
1.4

S RS p 0p0

N c p0

0.4

0.1 MPa 2
100 7
2
p0 1.0 MPa 250

500 m

6000 L s 1
1.0 MPa
2
80 k

56

Smith R A, et al. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 1998, 69, 3798

Liu B C, et al. Chin. Phys. Lett., 2002, 19, 659

1.3

3
HL-2A

ITER
2005
ITER HL-2A FIR

HL-2A

ITER

HL-2A

2006
T-10, TEXTOR, LHD, JET

HL-2A

35 cm
120 mm HL-2A
3
23 m
600 40100 kA
0.51019m3 2
1

500 mm 102 mm 1100

Ip70170 kAne0.51.61019m3
165 s
ITER
Ip200320 kA, ne14
1019m3 1000 260 s

10575030

337 m HCN

96% 50%

60% 80%

2
40% 30%

40 nm HL-2A

FIR

2
90% 80% 90% 23%
632.8 nm
HL-2A

1.4 HL-2A

, HL-2A
MHD

MHD

HL-2A
1 MHD

1 MHD
12HL-2A 34
56
7

MHD
2 2 1

2 MHD

10

HL-2A
MHD MHD
1.0 V
t1300301 ms t2750751
ms MHD 1000
FFT
2 2 3 t2750
751ms MHD
411 kHz t1
300301 ms
200 Hz

MHD 1
>1.0 V ,217 kHz MHD
MHD

MHD

MHD

m2n1 m3n1
m3n1 m5n2 m2, nl

MHD

12 ms

[1]

CPU DMA

Buffer 1
Buffer 2
Buffer 1

MHD

 1 ms
1000
1 MHz
32 PCI 4
2 MHz
14bit55 V1010 V
8K samples A/D FIFO double buffer
non double buffer
2 D/A 2K samples D/A FIFO I/O
DMA MHD
2 MHz
, double buffer

MHD
MHD
1
1
MHD
2 MHD

Buffer 1
Buffer 2
I/O
MHD
MHD

Buffer 1 Buffer 2
Buffer 2
Buffer 2
Buffer 1

MHD MHD

MHD
Y , Y_ Num
Y , Total_Num
Ratio
Y MAX_RATIO
Ratio>MAX_RATIO
MHD MHD

MHD

FFT N
N2L N2101024
1 ms 1000

2
xj j1,2,3,1023, FFT
yjy_realjy_imageji
j1,2,3,1023, yjyj
1023, ... ,3, 2, 1j
MHD ,
17 kHz yj
A yj
B
PRatioA/BPRatio 17 kHz
PRatio
MHD
3

4
, FFT
~
B dt B

TP

35
12 8
8/122/367%0%,

40
10 7 3

70% 1/40
2.5%,
,

MHD
HL-2A

, , , . , 2003, 2810794

11

1.5 HL-2A

: HL-2A

2006 HL-2A

100%
rz10 mm40 mm
R1632.5 mm 1650 mm
3040 mm

HCN

HL-2A
ECRH

Si-APD NdYAG
1064 nm
[1]Si-APD
C30956E 4001150 nm
900 nm 85% 1050 nm
40% 50 MHz 130o 3
mm 2.5 mm
34 mm 3 mm 7001200 nm

80%1064 nm
1%
95% 4o

YAG

HL-2A 10 Hz
Nd:YAG 4 J 10 ns
1064 nm
5 APD
ADCCAMAC

YAG 30 mm 5 m

1632.5 mm, 4 mm
200
mm 400 mm 600 mm
1

NdYAG
30 mm

20 mm

CCD

12

1 HL-2A
1234
5 678
9 101112
13 14 15
16Nd:YAG 17

APD ADC
HL-2A CAMAC
PC PC

[23]
[4]HCN

HL-2A

APD

UV

HL-2A

TS

ECE
2 05463 ECE
TS TS
5 Hz 5 J
300 kA 2.29 T ECRH
TS ECE

05831 ECRH Te

3 05831 ECRH 600

800 msTS
TS 10 Hz
4 J 304 kA
2.42 T 1.51013cm3
ECRH
ECRH 1.57 MW

4.93 keV

2006

Rohr H, et al. IPP /121B. Max-Planck Institute for Plasma

Physics, Garching, Germany, 1987

Narihara K, et al. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 1996, 35, 266

Greenfield C M, et al. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 1990, 61, 3286

Selden A C. Phys. Lett. A, 1980, 405

05463 ECE TS

1 TS 2
ECE

13

1.6 HL-2A

HL-2A 5 cm

[13]
HT-7

[45]
0.7 km s 1 0.91.4

km s 1 [6]
kr0
[7]

HL-2A 1.65 m 0.4 m

1.5 MW ne
4.81013cm3, Te5 keV,
2 s[8]
5 cm
[9] 1
2 4.5 mm Vf2,Vf3
2a 6.8
kHz, m0 fth7.0 kHz

GAM, GAM
[1011]
19 kHz20 kHz
2c
f 16100 kHz

(2 f/k ) s (k , f )

vph

k, f

s(k , f )

2 3

abcd>16 kHzGAM
123

14

ab

vph1.6 km s
16 kHz
6.8 kHz GAM5.2 MHD
2 d

3
3

f <100 kHz, 1<k<4

cm1

kp>0

3b

1.2 km s ,

HL-2A

HL-2A

Carreras B A, et al. Phys. Plasmas, 1996, 3, 2664

Krommes J A, et al. Phys. Plasmas, 1999, 6, 3731

Spolaore M, et al. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2004, 93, 215003

Singh A K. Phys. Plasmas, 2004, 11, 328

Xu G S, et al. Phys. Plasmas, 2006, 13, 102509

Wang W H, et al. Chin. Phys. Lett., 2004, 21, 1578

Wang G D, et al. Plasma Phys. Contr. Fusion, 2000, 42, 127

Yan L W, et al. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 2005, 76, 093506-1

Ritz Ch P, et al. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 1988, 59, 1739

10

Zhao K J, et al. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2006, 96, 255004

11

Yan L W, et al. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 2006, 77, 113501

15

1.7

[1, 2]

Tore Supra
CPS
0.3<r/a<0.7[3]

2.1.1

HXR
N N

2006, 551294

16

2.1.2 SXR HXR

X HL-1 HL-1M

1 [4] Soler Ca11e

[5]

q1 Dr r
tr
:

X 4 7.5 cm7.5 cm NaITi

PHA
PHA X
X
137Cs
10 keV/ 50 keV

MeV

2.1

N N D N
1
r

t
t
t
X
Dr 1
Dr HXR
1
10 m2 s
2 cm

1 3 cm

tra2/PDr
2
, P SXR rs
HL-1M
SXR
tr Dr a2/
14tr tr0.10.3 ms Dr25 m2 s1
q1 ,
ars/2 Dr
5 m2 s1 Dr
2.1.3 HXR

 3 cm
10 Hz nw
11019 m 3,
rw , Xarww tr rw
Soler Ca11e
[5] X

:
Dr(X)2/C(tr)
3
, C
C 30[6] rw 16 cmtr 0.080.3 ms
rw ,
raarw/2arw/2
Dr 46 m2 s1
cm cm

2.2
1

50 HXR
HL-1M [7]
0.06

1.5

r (n e Te

0.03

Ze

1.1

)(V p r )

, r r Te keVne
cm3Vp Vr msVpVlLd Ip /d t
Vl L
B L 4, r

r Dr
nr
( Dr nr ' )S r

t
:

HXR q1
Dr
Dr0.5 m2 s1

Fe EvB/C

[9]

~
DrDm vII qR (b /BT )vII evr/vth
6
ll Dr
0< <1 HL-1M
R1.02 m
1

Dr9 m s q3.5 ll 1
~

6 br /BT >510 4 HL-1M

~
br /BT 6104

2
12104
BT

Dr n r' 1 S r sds r ( r )
r0

Sr n r'
2 :
a

n ra

r (r)
dr
Dr
a

n dV

r (a ) A

n r dr

2 HL-1M

r ( a )a

X X

A
nr Dr Knoepfel Spongk[8]
:
2
a2 rSR
1
4Dr a

rSR Sr
a/2 5 r
Dr3/16a2/r

Myra [9]
Dr00.2 m2 s1 SXR

4
HL-1M Dr
2

2 cm 9 m s
X X
2

25 m s
X
16 cm
2

46 m s

17

15 m s HL-1M

Mynick H E, Strachn J D. Phys. Fluids, 1981, 24, 695

Myra J R, Catto P J. Phys. Fluids, 1993, B5, 125

18

Colas L, et al. Nucl. Fusion, 1998, 386903

. , 2002, 222106

Soler M, Callen J D. Nucl. Fusion, 1979, 19, 703

, . , 2001

Barnes C W, Strachan J D. Phys. Fluids, 1983, 26, 108

Zwenen S J, et al. Nucl. Fusion, 1978, 18, 1679

Mara J R, Catto P J. Phys. Fluids, 1992, B4, 176

1.8 HL-2A

Tea Nea

Tea

Tea Nea r 4

nea f Er dEr/dr,

1 41 cm

Ep vr vp Rs

2.1 cm 2.2

Ted-ITed-O , ned-Ined-O

cm 1

[1,2]

Tem Nem 38.5

cm 0.9 cm

1.0 cm

Is
[2] HL-2A EB
~
[3]
e
~

e < v~r n~e > < n~e E p > / B T

E r

v p

Jp
en e

1 d pi
BT vp Bp vT
eZ i ni dr

[5]

t
E r / r
e

1
2

Jp ne

Rs EB
[4]
~ ~
Rs< v~ v~ >< E E >/B2
3
r p

~
~
, v~r E p /B v~p Er /B
~ ~
~ ~
~
~
Er(f3f 5 )/r Ep(f3f 4 )/d p [4, 5]

1 HL-2A Tem
Nem Tea Nea

B
~f r
dp

HL-2A BT
2.2 T Ip320 kA ne(0)4.2

1019 m 3 Te01 keV Ti00.8 keV

tp1580 ms 1200 ms
4
8 cm
7 3
1

e t

~
E r / r ( t )

2006, 26281

19

t 2

1 H

HL-2A

20

Hong W Y, Wang E Y, Ran L B, et al. The fluctuations and flow

velocities measured with a Mach probe array on the HL-1M
tokamak. Journal of Nucl. Materials, 1997, 241243, 1234

, , . HL-1M
. , 2005, 541173

Hong W Y, Wang E Y, Li Q, et al. Role of advanced refuelling and

heating on edge reynolds stress-induced poloidal flow in HL-1M.
Chin. Phys. Lett., 2002, 19111643

Ritz Ch P, Powers E J, Rhodes T L, et al. Advanced plasma

fluctuation analysis techniques and their impact on fusion research
invited. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 1988, 5981739/

Pitcher C S, Stangeby P C. Experimental divertor physics. Plasma

Phys. Contr. Fusion, 1997, 39 , 779

1.9 HL-2A

HL-2A HL-2A

HL-2A

HL-2A

HL-2A

1.1

HL-2A

He90SiH410

8.6102Pa
650 V 1.62.4 A

3.65.3 A cm 2
5
20 m HL-2A

59% 76%
300

433 kA 300 kA
23 5450 5472

1.2

HL-2A
30%
99.999%

100
1.21

1 HL-2A
5758 5745

.3
HL-2A
2102Pa
300 kA
5

18% 45%

HL-2A

HL-2A

16

HL-2A TF

TF

21

HL-2A 2430
mm 2100 mm

PF5
PF4 PF4
5.0 V s 7.5
V s
R1.65 ma0.38 m 1.7
0.5X
IP800 kA

HL-2A R/a

3 8

22

250 mm

2.80 T 2.56 T
R2.30 m
1.5% IP1.2
MAR1.8a0.51.8 m 0.5 m 10 V s

23

1.10 HL-2A

HL-2A 2
MW/1 s HL-2A

ECRH

68 GHz/500 kW/1 s ECRH

2 MW/1 s
2006 HL-2A 4
1.62 MW/400 ms
4.93 keV
ECRH
MHD ECRH

1.1
Gycom 2 68
GHz /500 kW/1 s
2006 11
3 550 kW 1 s 68.06
GHz 500 kW
98.4% HE11
1.2

500 kW/1 s 90%

0.1

12%
0.7%

15%
1.3

23 ms 10 s
1%

1.4

24

PLC

ECRH

2.1

PLC

2.2

98.5% 7.3

2.3

: 2.45 GHz
20 MHz 05 W 4
1.27 360 3

3.1
1 MW
4104Pa

3.2

1.51012/cm3 1100 A
1000 A
RF ,

3.3
HL-2A
105 Pa

3.4
,

4.2 GDC

10 mm
46 ms1

100
200

HL-2A 1 MW/
1 s 2 MW/1 s

HL-2A

ITER

4.1
DDD

25

1.11 HL-2A

2004
HL-2A 300400 kW

HL-2A

Q1
1.6475 10 3 Pa m 2 s 1

9%
[2]

[3]
30 kV/1 cm p<1.33
103 Pa

[4]
N2 SF6
BJ22
TE10
[5]

HL-2A D 1.64 m
26 m3 76 m2
HL-2A 1
2105Pa12 1.8105Pa m3 s1LHCD

121.9 L 4
21 m,

208.9 L 1091010Pa

1
4 L
610 2 Pa [1]

Q2Q2 (1)Q2 (2)1.675 10 4 Pa m 3 s 1

200626295

26

1

2a

500 kW
3.87103 V cm1

HL-2A

1
5.55101 Pa m

s 1

1.647510 3 Pa m 3 s 1
1.67510

( )

ab E 0+
480

Pa m 3 s 1
3

2.1610 4 Pa m s

2
3

10 ~ 10 Pa
1 cm
1

. . , 2004

, . HL-2A .

. . , 1989

. . , 2004

. . , 1989

200441654

27

1.12

HL-2A ECRH

68 GHz 1.7 MW4 ECRH HL-2A 2004

ECRH

C C

ECRH

HL-2A ECRH

HL-2A ECRH 1
2
, 30 kV,
130 mA, 1 s
70 kV 50 A 1 s 2

1 ,

i ti1i 2

dQ c
dU c
i1C
i1 C
dt
dt
i2 i2

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2
1
R2
dt 2
R2
dt R 2
2

i2

i2 (t )A0 tB0A1exp( t it )A2 exp( t it )

3 , 0 t T0 T0 t T1 T1 t
1 ECRH

2 E

E0
t , E0 0 3
T0

2
0 t T0

i1R2 C
i2

E
R2T0

( t ) sin( t ) (b1)cos( t )
1exp

E
sin ( t )
( t )
( t )
(tb )exp
(b1)b cos
R2T0

it

E0
{R2C(tb )exp( t )[cos( t ) (bR2C )]
R2T0

28

sin ( t )[(1b ) (R2C1)]}

c
b
, 0 ,
a
2a

L
a LC b
+ R1C
R

1
R
c01 2 1,

R1
a

R
c01 1
R2

CR1
R2

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i
2 LC
LC 2a
a
T0 t T1

itR2C exp
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( t ) 1 sin
( t )
R
C

E I
2 2 I 2 0 1
R2 C R2 C

T1 t

( t )
( t )1
iti1i2 E0 exp
cos
R2

2 2
C
( t )
sin

R2

3 3
45 it
C L E T0
345

C T0 L
3 E17.7 k E216.8 kV
C1300 pF L9 mH
3
4
Ua7.7 kV 16.8 kVC1300 pFL9 mH
53.8 mA 116.5 mA
,
55 mA 112 mA
CL T0
34
5
1 ECRH

2 C
T0 L
C L
2006
C
T0

2006 ECRH

345

29

1.13 HL-2A LHCD

HL-2A

LHCD

BJ-22

LHCD
LHCD

1 LHCD

2006, 26117

30

LHCD

1
1 2 LHCD

115
3.47 mm
1
LHCD LHCD

115
0.9 mm

[1]
1

[1]

E a T
1

a E

2 LHCD

0.16 MN
LHCD

LHCD
[2]
109.2 mm 54.6 mm
, [3]

5.5 mm

3.47 mm

1 LHCD
[3]
2
E
E
3.47 mm
242 N, 4
LHCD 957 N,

LHCD
LHCD

HL-2A 115
2.57 mm LHCD
0.9 mmLHCD
LHCD

LHCD
957 N LHCD

. . , 1989

. 1990

, . . 2002

31

1.14 HL-2A

LHCD
[1]

LHCD
LHCD

HL-2A

LHCD

10 s 8 s
1 s 1 s
2006, 26127

32

3.1

3DU33

3.2
VKS-8269

[2]Ib

Ib IaIc
1
, Ia Ic
IaIc

0.7%

50
mV/1 mA 10 mV/1 mA
13 mA 5 mA
[3]
3.3

LHCD
INPUT

4.1

10 K 6.2 mV

3DU33

4.2

IbIbrfGK-2

1 m
3 mA 200 ms
48 kV 260 kW
2.6 mA 26 mV

4.3
LHCD

10 s

3DU33

1 s
10 s

, LHCD
1998

, , 1989

, HL-1M LHCD
, 1999, 19283

,
1992

33

1.15 TZ-2

HL-2A
HL-2A 2006
HL-2A

2005
4 TZ-2 2006
HL-2A 4
1.6 MW 1.5
MW 200 ms 4.93
keV X [1, 2]

TZ-2

1
1234
5

300500 V

34

Ugk Usp Ug1

1
FD925F
Uf 5 V If
13 A Ua45 kV Pa3.5 kW
Ug2500 V Ug1300 V
Pg235 W D 0.1% T

FD925F
60 kV 20 kV

2006 HL-2A 4
ECRH 1.57 MW 4.93
keV 200 ms
1# 14.2 kV 44 mA2#
16.5 kV 33.6 mA3# 17.1
kV 43 mA4# 21.4 kV
36.6 mA
HL-2A

. .
2003

. .
1994

1.16 HL-2A HL-2M

2006 HL-2A EFIT HL-2A

SDD HL-2A HL-2M

HL-2M HL-2M
X HL-2M

HL-2A

HL-2A 64
130 CPU

1
7680 2006 TOP100
49 GNU C/C++
FORTRAN
Intel C++ Fortran 9.0 Math
Kernel LibraryIntel
Trace Analyzer & Trace Collector Vtune
IDL

2 HL-2A EFIT
4351 624 ms, LSNIp 293.8 kA,
R 161.89 cm a 36.65 cm 1.10, Xr 155.0 cm, Xz
44.2 cm,

Dv 3.60 cm,

Ivf /Ip 7.36 %,

Imp2/Ip

10.7(%), Imp13/Imp2 0.90, Irf 4.125 kA, 1.08

1 HL-2A

HL-2A

25% 150%
EFIT
HPC 8 16 CPU

2
BOUT
CRONOS

STRAHL
BOUT
3

HL-2A

2006 3
12
HL-2A DAS 3

23
5450 5472

35

 3 BOUT HL-2A

HL-2A 40 kV

NETVI2712
TCP/IP

5 M
0500 kHz20 mV200 mV1 V5 V
40.2%
2006 USBHT12036DAQ2208
HL-2A PCIPXI
USB TCP/IP 1500
500 M

5024

1 ms
HL-2A DAS
96

HL-2A
HL-2A

36

SDD
X
X
A/D

30000

2006 HL-2A 5
5940

ef
ECRH
100 TLS
d

2006 , HL-2A
HL-2A
62006
768 Gbps
180 10 G

400 FC-SAN 15 TB
795 MB/ s 630 MB/s
8

PF1
PF2
PF3

RFU RFL

HL-2M

HL-2A
HL-2M HL-2A 500 kA 1.2
MA 1.61.8
0.5
HL-2M

ITERJETD-DJT-60ASDUX-UKSTAR
EAST
HL-2M
7
HL-2M
X

6 HL-2A

HL-2M

HL-2A
HL-2M

HL-2M HL-2M
HL-2M
CS1CS2
PF1PF2 PF3 CS1

HL-2M 58
HL-2M
1 3
Passive stabilizerRFU
RFL

HL-2A HL-2M
3 ;

)]

G 0.5 1 2
12 2
1.2 3 2.6
HL-2A

HL-2M

PF1 PF1i PF1e

CS1 CS2

7 HL-2M
1234
5HL-2M 67
8910
1112

HL-2M

PID RTEFIT
D-DMAST NSTX
HL-2M

HL-2M

HL-2M
RTEFIT CRONODS
HL-2M

8
D-D

37

RTEFIT

RTEFIT

HL-2M

8 HL-2M

9
1234
5678
9

38

[U1]
Matlab
[U2] TSC Cronods

HL-2A

EFIT HL-2A
BOUTCronos Strahl
3 HL-2A

23

HL-2A 1500
SDD

HL-2A FC-SAN 15 TB
HL-2A
768 Gbps HL-2M
> 1.6 > 0.4
HL-2M

HL-2M

1.17 HL-2A

2006
HL-2A

HL-2A 3

2002

2006 HL-2A
2.70 T
433 kA
2 MW

HL-2A 80 MVA
1# 2# 4 2.8 T
500 MJ
40 t 90 t
1500 rpm
1650 rpm 1200 rpm
1# 2#

2500 kVA
6000 V

6000 V

120%

1480 rpm

1200 rpm

1650 rpm
1200 rpm

0.81.1

1
ZKGKTBM
FGR
1234
-

39

-
PLC
1500 A/380 V
2006 HL-2A
1600 rpm
1286 rpm 43.2 kA 2.68
T 357 MJ

3
300 V 600 V
4

HL-1M
PLC
HL-2A SIMENS
SIMATIC S7-300 PLC I/O

4
0.9

LHCD HL-1M

40

3 MW/80 kV/
40 A/5 s 2ECRH
8 MW/80 kV /
100 A/5 s 3

20 s

LHCD

123
456

3 ECRH
1234
5

2005 ECRH 2
2 2006 ECRH
1 MW 2 MW 2 LHCD
2 NBI

2006

ECRH
4
55 kV 22 A
20 s

LHCD 2 ECRH

ECRHLHCD NBI
2

PSM
SPS
SPS
IGBT

IGBT

10 s
ITER
PSM
2006 6
1700 V /200 A IGBT 6 SPS
IGBT
6
PSM
PSM 80 kV/100 A

2006

E2, E3 E4
HL-1M

S7-200 PLC

2006
100

2006 3#

2006 2 80
MVA 4
ECRH
1.6 MW

HL-2M
HL-2M
500 MVA
1600 MJ

41

1.18 ECRH

ECRH

ECRH 55
kV 2530 A 1%
[13]

ECRH

30 Y

1
ECRH
2 ECRH

HL-2A

ECRH

PCL-733 PCL-734
PCL-728 AD
PCL-1800

Micorsoft DOS
Borland C++V3.0
PCL-836
PCL-836
1000 HzPCL-836
PCL-836 1 ms

PD

TB

ZB
C

1#

2#

1#

3#

2#

4#

3#

4#

1 ECRH

200614111496

42

S7-300PLC

S7-400PLC

2 ECRH

PD

PD

PD

PD

1
4

PD

200 kA

PD 4
3

10 s
1 ms PLC
30 ms
PD

100 Hz

ECRH
ECRH
1.57 MW
4.93 keV

23 ms

Brand P, Mueller G A. Circuit design and simulation of a HV-supply

controlling the power of 140 GHz 1 MW grotrons for ECRH on
W7-X. Fusion Engineering and Design, 2003, 6668, 537

. . 2000

. C++. 2004

43

1.19 HL-2A ECRH

HL-2A 4 68
GHz550 kW 1 s55 kV
25 kV 25 A ECRH

[2,3]

ECRH

55 kV 2530 A 1%
1 s

2.1

U L0 (t )

U d0
LCP1P2

P1e P2tP2e P1t I L0 e P1te P2t

1

P2P1 C
P2P1

U C0 RK e P1te P2t
P e P1t + P2e P2t

U C 0 1
L
P2P1
P2P1

P1AB P2AB RT R P //R L0

A

R RT
LR K RT C
2
B A K
LCRT
2LCRT

Matlab 2 2
3 K
35 ms 40 s
2

10 s

PID

2.2

1 Ud0 UC0 IL0

Rp ECRH
RK L
C RL0
2006, 264272

44

2
12
34

2.3
Matlab

3 ab 9826
9968

HL-2A ECRH 9826

3 ECRH 2
ECRH
2 9968
9826
ECRH

Pronko S G E, Baggest D. The 8.4 MW modulator/regulator power

systems for the electron cyclotron heating facility upgrade at D-D.
IEEE/NPSS Symp. on Fusion Engineering, Albuquerque New
Mexico1999

, , . HL-2A
. , 2004

, . . , 2000

45

2.1

2006 2 HL-2A
HL-2A HL-2M Streamer

ITER

HL-2A
2
HL-2A
HL-2A

HL-2A

HL-2A HL-2M
R 1.8 m, a 0.5 m, 2.5 T
1.2 MA HL-2A

HL-2M

3 [1]
1
HL-2M
HL-2A
[2]HL-2M
1
HL-2A
HL-2A
2 [3]

[4]

3 HL-2A

HL-2M

R/mm

Z/mm

h/mm

w/mm

Ncoil

I/kA

CS1

445

1428

260

250

45

CS2

445

1423

981

260

150

45

PF1i

900

2458

652.5

280

96

40

PF1e

1235

2458

652.5

190

72

40

PF2

2800

1920

300

405

56

37

PF3

3450

950

210

270

28

32

1 HL-2M m=16

2 t =0 .58 st = 0.72, 0.8 s

q

46

 3
ab

ITGETG
[5] ITG ETG
4 5

[6]
6
[7]

rR0
Shafranov 7
Shafranov

[8][9]

4 ITG

5 ETG

6 ab

47


2007
HL-2A HL-2M

7 c > 0 c0 Shafranov

HL-2M

48

Chen Qian, et al. Annual Report for SWIP, 2006,58

Long Yongxin, et al. Annual Report for SWIP, 2006,56

Gao Qingdi, et al. Annual Report for SWIP, 2006,99

Li Jiquan, et al. Annual Report for SWIP, 2006,94

Dong Jiaqi, et al. Annual Report for SWIP, 2006,97

Wang Zhongtian, et al. Annual Report for SWIP, 2006,102

Shi Bingren, et al. Annual Report for SWIP, 2006,105

Jiao Yiming, et al. Annual Report for SWIP, 2006,49

He Hongda, et al. Annual Report for SWIP, 2006,54

A2

2006

2.2

HL-2A

1
2 Solovev s, 3
HL-2A
s,

[1, 2]

s,
[3]

d f dF
2

KF ( / A ) fF 0
d 1Gf d

1.2

n q
f
0 r 2

1.3

G1

K [cos sin (s ( 0 ) sin )]

2 0

s0.2

1.1

f1 [s ( 0 ) sin ] 2
2

1.4

R 0 q dp
2
B dr

1.5

1
2
C ( , s, R , 0 ) R
1.6
0.02 2.0

C ( , s, R 0 ) 0.040884 1.25279 0.89314

0.47095 0.09449
3

1.7

2
R0.01, 00 3 s0.1, 0.5,
1.0

Solovev s,

s,
Solovev
s,

10375018

49

 cos uf sin 2 u
f2

6

1 2
u f 4
u
f1 f 2

y f 4
f
1
(D ) f1E 2 f 4

y f 6 sin 2 u 4
2

u
2 y
2q0 f 5 f 2

sin u
Ey f1 f 4
2

1 + 2 0
2
4q0 f 5 f 4 u
Ef 4 f1
f4 f2

2.1

n sin nu
bn

b0u
E y f 4 f1/f 5 f 0

n1

f f f

cn
2
Dy /4 f 0 q0
c

sin nu sin u 0 4 6
0

f f f
n
n
1

1 2 5

4 1 MW m
1 z00

2.2

( E 21D) y

2.3

(s )

pwj
dz j
pd (rj )
3.2
4 2 R0 z jz0 2 RRpR 2 dz0j

HL-2A
4 5

HL-2A

1/ 2

2
2
2 pe pe
1 2
ki
60 ec

Te

m c2
e

m c2
exp e 2 2

2Te

50

) (

( )

5 / 2

3.1

Shi Bingren, Li Jiquan. Magneto-hydrodynamic high-n ballooning

mode instability of an analytic axi-symmetric toroidal equilibrium
with arbitrary aspect ratio. Chin.Phys.Lett., 2007, 24, 490

Shi Bingren, Lin Jianlong, Li Jiquan. Tokamak

resistive

magnetohydrodynamic ballooning instability in the negative shear

regime. Chin.Phys., 2007, 165127
3

. HL-2A
. , 2007, 271150

2.3

p F

Grad-Shafranov

EE e

jbb E

[13]

7
B
( , , )
7

[46]

[7 8]

[912]

(R, Z )
F ( R, Z ) Grad-Shafranov

2

2
2 dp
L R 2 0 Rj 0 R
1 dF
d 2 0 d
R
1

p F

j < jB >

2
dp

F
1 2 F 2
R

2
d

R<B >
R < B >

VL
ER
0 0
2R
R

E0 R0 F

9
jb F dP B dF
B d 0 d
Grad-Shafranov

L Y

10

2
< j B > F

Y0
R 2 dP 1 2 F 2
2
d R < B >
<B >

11

( , , )

RR0r ( , )cos

12

Zr ( , )sin

rd

13

2
r ( , ) Fourier

[a ( )cos n b ( )sin n ]

r ( , )

n1

< jB > Spitzer

Ev B j
4

2
dp
j R
1 dF
d 2 0 R d

j BJd ( ) E B Jd

14
a1
Shafranov a 2 a3

1 d d R j ( 0 ) ( ) Y ( 0 )

0 0
d

15

j ( 0) ( )

E0

( )

16

Spitzer
20062611

51

5.210 5

(Z eff )ln e
Te

' '
1
1
' ' b

3/ 2

n
ln e 31.3ln e
Te

17

18

Z eff 0.58

0.74
0.76Z eff

Shafranov

1 2 ' '
1 2 R p ' ( )
a1 ' ( ) 0 0 2
a1 ' ' ( )
'

R
[ ' ( )]

0
19

1 2 ' '
1 n2
a n ' ( ) 2 an0
a n ' ' ( )

'

3 T/ 2

' '
1
1
' ' b

1/ Z

26

a1 an (n2,3,") 1920

BT2.5 T, q01, R01.65 m, b0.4 m,

10.1 m, a T1.0, Z0.5
20

ne 0110 m , Te 0 Ti 0 1 keV

a 2 ( )a 20

a3 ( )a30 2 a20a301

20

Te0 ,
T

2
Te ( ) 1


Te0 1
1

1 < b

21

Ze0 ,
Z

2
Z eff 1


Z e0 1
1
b

1 < b

22

a 20 0.03, a 30
0.02

: R0 1.75 m, b 0.4 m, BT 2.5T, T1.0, Z

0.5, p2.0

1 q1 b T , Z
Shafranov

1
p0 ,
P

2
p 1


p0 1 1 < b
1
b

23

2 BT
q0

0 R0 j0

2B
Y ( 0) T
q0

Te

T
e0

3/ 2

( Z e0 )

( Z eff )

24

20

m 3 , Te0 Ti0 1 keV b

n e0 110 20 m 3 , Te0 Ti0 3 keV , 1

BT 2

2q0

1b

'

BT 2
d '

d ' ' ' '

1 2 1 ( 1 )
2 q0
'
1
1

52

2 F ( )
a ne0 110

25

F 2 ( )F 2 (0 )0 R0 [P(0)P( )]
2

T ( ')

d ' ' ( ') e

Te 0
0

3/ 2

(Z eff )

(0 )

2 BT
q0

27

q<1

2B
F ( ) F 2 (0 ) T ( )
q
0

1/ 2

28

F ( )
2 F

1062
6

Delucia J, Jardin S C, Todd A M M. An iterative metric method for

1980, 37, 183

1221
, . .

Grenne J M, Johnson J L, Weimer K E. Tokamak equilibrium. Phys.

10

Callen J S, Dory R A. Magnetohydrodynamic equilibria in sharply

11

Okada O. Equilibrium and stability of tokamak with arbitrary cross

12

Shi Bingren. Analytic description of tokamak equilibrium sustained

, 2002, 51, 2547

Fluids, 1971, 14, 671

curved devices. Phys. Fluids, 1972, 15, 1523

section. Phys. Fluids, 1976, 19, 2034

. HL-2A .
, 2002, 223199

Tokuda S, Takeda T, Okamoto M. Neoclassical MHD equilibria with

Kessel C E. Bootstrap current in tokamaks. Nucl. Fusion, 1994, 34,

solving the inverse tokamak equilibrium problem. J. Comput. Phys.,

Phys. Plasmas, 2003, 10, 790

7

Phys., 1979, 32, 212

2

Lin-Liu Y R, Turnbull A D, Miller R L, et al. A class of high

equilibria in strongly shaped finite aspect ratio tokamak plasmas.

Johnson J L, Dalhed H E, Greene J M, et al. Numerical

determination of axisymmetric toroidal MHD equilibria. J. Comput.

Miller R L, Lin-Liu Y R, Turnbull A D, et al. Phys. Plasmas, 1997, 4,

by high fraction bootstrap current. Chin. Phys., 2003, 126626

ohmic current. J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 1989, 583871

53

2.4

Fokker-Planck

Fokker-Planck

(v||1 , v||2 )

ntrap2

v||2

v||1

1
v||
2

v f v|| , v dv dv||

Pabs 1 n e m e 0 v Te
2
2

v||2

v||1

f
2
v || D
dv ||
v || v ||

Brambilla [3]

(v ||1 , v ||2 )
nres2

v
v || 2

v || 1

f v|| , v dv dv||

1 LHCD

Fokker-Planck ITER
Fokker-Planck [1, 2]

f f
QS
t t c

v||k|| 0

M. G.. McCoy[2]

J rf en e v Te

v||2

v||1

v || f ( v || )dv ||

10675043, 10575031 10675042

54

v||/vTe2.5 [1, 4]
n ||

r/a
0.60.8

:
2 n

ne ( r ) ne0 [1 ( r/a ) ]

Te ( r ) Te0 [1 ( r/a ) 2 ]

n T

ITER [4]

G ( , x )1

0.77 (12.25x 2 ) 0.5

0.77
3.5 x

10

2
v ||/v Te2.5
HL-2A 0.15
0.2 , < n || >
8.15 14.48
ITER 0.19 0.26 , < n || >
3.165.62 ITER
G 0.77
0.72 HL-2A
G 0.68 0.66 ITER,
30%
2 HL-2A n1 T2 ne 05 10 m
19

Te01.5 keV
a
b
c n||
d
n||

(R1.64 m, a 0.4 m )
n || n || > 8.0

cd n e R0 I p /Pd 0 F ( x, Z eff )G ( , x )

, 0 Fisch-Boozer

2me 02 c 2
1
4
e 3 ln < n|| > 2 5Z eff

1
1
1
2 2
2
< n|| > n||min n||max

r
R
ITER (R 6.2 m, a = 2.0 m ) ,

n|| [2.0, 8.0] HL-2A

n2
/ ln || max

n||2min

7 F ( x, Z eff )
6Z eff
5Z eff
F ( x, Z eff ) 1 12
3

4
2
3Z eff
x
3 2 (5Z eff )
13
8Z eff
x

7 G ( , x )

,
ITER

Fisch N J. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1978, 41, 873

McCoy M G , et al. Computer Phys. Commun., 1981, 24, 37

Brambilla M. Nucl. Fusion, 1976, 16, 47

Post D E, et al. IAEA/ITER/DS/21, 1991

55

2.5

~
~
2~
~
~B A|| B A

1
0
1
0 ||0
x
x
x 2

1
0
0
0
A
A
B
B
F ( x, ) 0 x 2 1 1 x 0 x 2 1 x
A2
A2
A2
A2
C
C
D
D
2
2
0 x 1 x 0 x 1 1 x
D2
C2
D2
D2

~
2 A||

ITG

A2

[1]

~
A||

~
~
D0 A||C1
C0~ 0
x
x
x
~
~ A|| A2, A1, A0,
D2

D1

B1, B0, C1, C0, D2, D1, D0 x r + i

s
x0 B0 , D0

~ (x ) 0
~
A|| (x ) 0

( , )
Xmax XL
Xmax , XRXmax

~
A||
~
~
~
y1 , y2x
, y3A|| , y4x
x
x

B
A

y1|| 1 y 2A0 y1 1 y 4B 0 y 3 /A2

x
x

C1
D1

y 3||
x y 4D0 y 3 x y 2C 0 y1 /D 2

xY LFx, Y
Y ( y1 , y2 , y3 , y4 )

y1XL0, y1XR0
y3XL0, y3XR0
2.1
A

Y 'f (x, ) Y

fi,j

Fi, j

x
RUNGE_KUTTA

B
5
N Y
N r
S rSN

Y L
Y ( X L ) S S
S
R
Y L r Y X
R, S,
0

Y L0, Y R0Y R s s

104r
C
,
L [ba]L
Lipschitz [ba]

2.2
5[2]

F (0, ) Y (0) 0

F ( x, )
YF ( 0, ) Y ' ( 0 )F ' ( 0, )Y ( 0, )
x

Lim
x 0

1037501910135020
2006231436

56

Y ' ( 0 )F0' ( 0, ) Y ( 0 )F0 ( 0, )Y ' ( 0 )

Y L ( 0 ) IF0 ( 0, )

F (0, 0), F (0, 1 ) 16

F '0 ( 0, )Y ( 0 )

2.3 [3]

x0
xX L
4[ x0 14]
x0 Y L 0,

y1 ( X L )0, y3 ( X L )0

F (0, n1 )
nn1
(n1n2 )
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n = 2,3,

y2 ( X L ), y4 ( X L ), y2 ( X R ), y4 ( X R ) 18

y1L (0)Y1L, 2 (0, ) y2 ( X L )Y1L, 4 (0, ) y4 ( X L )

y4 ( X R )

y2L (0)Y2L, 2 (0, ) y2 ( X L )Y2L, 4 (0, ) y4 ( X L )

y (0)Y (0, ) y2 ( X L )Y (0, ) y4 ( X L )

L
3

L
3, 2

L
3, 4

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L

R
L
R
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Y L Y L Y R y ( X ) Y R y ( X )
R
R 3, 4 4
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y2R (0) Y2R, 2 (0, ) y2 ( X R )Y2R, 4 (0, ) y4 ( X R )

y3R (0) Y3R, 2 (0, ) y2 ( X R )Y3R, 4 (0, ) y4 ( X R )

R
4, 2

R
4, 4

ITG i

y1L (0, )y1R (0, ), y2L (0, )y1R (0, )

y3L (0, )y3R (0, ), y4L (0, )y4R (0, )
x0 y2xL, y4xL, y2xR, y4xR,

Y1L, 2 Y1L, 4
L
L
Y2, 2 Y2, 4
Y L Y L
3, 4
3,2
L
L
Y4, 2 Y4, 4

Y1R, 2
Y2R, 2
Y3R, 2
Y4R, 2

Y1R, 4 y2 ( X L ) 0

Y2R, 4 y4 ( X L ) 0

Y3R, 4 y2 ( X R ) 0

Y4R, 4 y4 ( X R ) 0

Y1R, 2 ( )
R
Y ( )
F ( ) 2R, 2
Y ( )
3R, 2
Y4,2 ( )

Y1R, 4 ( )
Y2R, 4 ( )
Y3R, 4 ( )
R
( )
Y4,4

Y1L, 2 ( ) Y1L, 4 ( )

Y2L, 2 ( ) Y2L, 4 ( )
0
L
Y3,2
( ) Y3L, 4 ( )

L
Y4L, 2 ( ) Y4,4
( )

ITG

y (0) Y (0, ) y2 ( X R )Y (0, ) y4 ( X R )

R
4

A2, A1, A0, B1, B0,

C1, C0, D2, D1, D0

ITG [1] 1
2 ITG
SV
SV
[4]
[1]

Wang A K, Long Y X, Mou Z Z, et al. 20th IAEA Fusion Energy

Conference, 16 November 2004 Tivoli Marinotel, Vilamoura,
PTTH/P6

1 (1 ) 0 xX L , xX R

Runge-Kutta

Frank de HoogRichard Weiss. Math. Comput., 1985, 44, 93

. . 1986

Waltz R E, Kerbel G D, Milovich J. Phys. Plasmas, 1994, 1, 2229

0 , 1 F (0, 0), F (0, 1 )

F (0, )0

57

2.6 HL-2A

HL-2A HL-2M

HL-2A
5 Vs

R1.65 m a0.4 m BT2.8 T

Ip450 kA HL-2A

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Ip1.2 MA

MA

[1, 2]
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3

1 1

HL-2M
1

HL-2M
1

HL-2M

R/mm

Z/mm

h/mm

w/mm

Ncoil

/kA

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445

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260

250

45

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445

1423

981

260

150

45

PF1i

900

2458

652.5

280

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40

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1235

2458

652.5

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a/m

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25

27

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15

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58

Ip
/kA

 2 3

I p/MA

1.2

R/m

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a/m

0.5

R/a

3.6

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0.5
10

/Vs
BT/T
td/s

CS1
CS1
CS2

HL-2M :
2.5 G 2 G
2 2 G 4
,

2.57
3

2 3

4
CS1/kA

34

CS2U

PF1U

PF2U

PF3U

CS2L

PF1L

PF2L

PF3L

/kA

/kA

/kA

/kA

45

12.7

0.5

2.2

45

12.7

0.5

2.2

HL-2A
CS1 CS2 CS1 CS2
R 1.3
12.3 mZ 0.80.8 m
60 G

CS1 CS2

45 kA CS1 CS2

2 G

.
, 2003, 233126

. .
, 1989, 9112

59

2.7 HL-2M

HL-2M -

HL-2M

HL-2A 16 TF ,
16 , 45 kA
1 1 14 16 9
14 17 814

1
HL-2A 1650 mm
160 mm16
2
HL-2M HL-2A 250 mm
1800 mm

( R, Z )

B Tmax BTmin
BTmaxBTmin

BTmaxmax[BT (R,Z)]BTminmin[BT (R,Z)]

BT
1 / 2
/N coils

1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

R, Z

38.4 0.0
308.4150.0
495.8390.0
592.4720.0
496.41034.0
390.41140.0
0.0 1140.0
0.0 1140.0
0.0 0.0
235.8137.0
516.8496.6
587.9744.6
499.01035.3
394.41140.0

2192.5
1882.6
1578.1
1239.3
911.0
761.0
375.0
375.0
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1555.8
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841.5
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29
23
21.7
33.3
28
45
1

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21.84
22
33
28
45

1 R 0 R810.5 mm
mm

[1, 2] L ,
, N ,
C Biot-Savart

BT ( x) k J ( )

( x )
x

MKSA
k0/4107

60

16

HL-2A
ASDEX
HL-2M 16 18 TF

 3 16 Z0

3 4 16 Z0

16 BT
2.56086 TR1300 mmR
2300 mm 0.405% 1.393%
R1800 mm 0.034%
18 BT
2.8803 TR1300 mmR
2300 mm 0.219% 0.804%
R1800 mm 0.012%
HL-2M 16

HL-2M

Lee D K. Magnetic field vector potential and their derivatives due to

currents in closed polygons of wire. Computer Physics Communications, 1982, 25, 181

Broser E, et al. The toroidal

magetic field

coils for the

ASDEX-tokamak. 5th International Confer. on Magnet Technology

1975

4 16 Z0
.

61

2.8 ITER

ANSYS ITER 20 3 Block Lanczos ITER

ITER 10 ITER

ITER
ITER
TF
CSPFCC

[1] ITER

20
ITER

ITER

ITER

3
4

ITER TF 21

1

SS316LN
Inconel-718
SS304L
SS304

E
/GPa
193
200
195
20000

0.291
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/kg m 3
8000
8190
7783
865532

SHELL63SHELL63 6
XYZ XYZ

BEAM4

COMBIN14

SHELL43 1
22444 SHELL63 80 BEAM4
147 SHELL43 56 COMBIN14

1.1
SS316LN TF
Inconel-718 ;
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; SS304
1 4 EGPa

1.3

1.2

62

ITER

[1]

ITER

 2 1

[ M ]{ X (t )}[ K ]{ X (t )}{0}

3 3

Hz

[M][K]{ X (t )} { X (t )}

{ X (t )}{ }sin( t )

1
2
3
4

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1

([ K ] 2 [ M ]){}{0}

{ i}

ITER 10 2
4 2
2.7923 Hz2 2.9

ITER 4

/Hz
4.5472
4.7368
15.761
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/Hz
3.5285
3.6748
13.030
16.052

/Hz
2.7923
2.9077
10.704
12.992

4
4 1 2
Z 3
4
Z , 2 3
ITER

. ANSYS .
2006

Barabaschi P, Sorin V. Preliminary results from ITER-FEAT seismic

analysis. G 73 MD 35 00-07-14 W 0.1

63

2.9 ITER

ANSYS ITER 20
4

ITER ITER

TFCSPF
CC

TF )

ITER
ITER 20
3
TF
1
DW100 MN
2
31
mm
3
4

1 TF
21

SHELL63
BEAM4
COMBIN14
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[1]
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b 80 K 600 mm

c 68 K
d 4 K TF

SS316LN TF
Inconel-718
SS304L
SS304

64

TF
21

1 E
GPa
1

/K

4
300

E/GPa
207
193

SS316LN

Inconel-718

4
300

211
200

0.295
0.298

SS304L
SS304

300
300

195
200

0.29
0.3

0.28
0.291

286 MPa

/mm

/MPa

/mm
31.36

/MPa
453

150

m
mb

12.4

TF

150

m
mb

63.5

TF

TF

150

m
mb

150

m
mb

14.5

2130

m
mb

106

200

m
mb

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m
mb

33.1

150

m
mb

5.93

105

m
mb

100

m
mb

250

m
mb

150100170

ma

150100400

M8020

48.8

/ K

80

680
31.56

453

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80

680

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453

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80

680
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80

680
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359

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300

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300

311
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300

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ma

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571

300

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M10036

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0.557

M6020

0.502

MN

ASME Sec.
III-NF[2] ASME Sec. III-NF-F[3]
D

JA Home Team. FEM structural analysis of overall gravity supports.

2001

ASME boiler and pressure vessel code, Sec. III-NF

ASME boiler and pressure vessel code, Sec. III-NFAppendix-F

65

2.10

CF HL-2A
[1,2]

DSP 2005
CF 4

HL-2A Lagrange

mp

i =1

nf
nc

wi Biz qikzc I kc qijz I j

j =1
k =1

V 2 4 1 3

5871
1 2 5871
Dh Dv
100 2 4
5871 Dh Dv 3
CF Rg
Zg 1 Dh
Dv 2 Dh Dv 3
Rg Zg
CF

nf
nc

Bir qikrc I kc qijr I j

k =1
j =1

H 3 4 1 2

Ij nf I k
nc mp 18
zc

rc

qik qik
Biz Bir

g ( I ) I P

nf

I 0

j =1

1 5871 Dh Dv

Ip Lagrange [3]

mp

i =1

nf

nc

) w B q

L I j ,

z
i

zc c
ik k

k =1

j =1

q ijz I j

nf
nc

Bir q ikrc I kc q ijr I j

k =1
j =1

I p

nf

I
j =1

ne

nf

L
+
S ( I l , )
I 2j
4
I l
l =1
j =1
4
4
1.26 m, 0.16 m
2.026 m 0.16 m

3 , , 7.1922, 2006

66

2 4 5871 Dh Dv
Ip

 USB EPP CPU P4

630 0.60 ms
10 0.48 ms E6300 CPU
1/4 3
Windows XP DOS

4
10 0.48 ms

4
4

, . HL-2A
. 2004, 24281

2006, 5, 167

3 CF 5871 Rg
Zg

. HL-2A .

. . 2004

67

 2006 A
5500

21
2006 10 16

800

2006 10 16

 A
ECRH 2006
ECRH

1.6 600
5500

3.1

3.1.1

2006 DEMO ITER TBM

ITERTBM

DEMO

DEMO
DEMO
DEMO DEMO

//
DEMO HCSB-DEMO
HCSB-DEMO 1

POPCON

1 HCSB-DEMO

HCSB-DEMO 3-D

HCSB-DEMO 14
72 1008

630 mm 800 mmHCSB-DEMO

2 3

1 HCSB-DEMO
NWL

MW/m2

SHL

MW/m2

TBR

>1.1

He
300500

[% 6Li ]

8 MPa
Li4SiO4 80%
63%
400950
Be 80% PF
400620
CLAFM
300550

HCSB-DEMO

1234
56789

68

HCSB-DEMO ITER

ITER TBM

DEMO
ITER ITER
ITER
HCSB-TBM
Design
Description DocumentDDD ITER TBM
TBWG
HCSB TBM 2 3 TBM
4 5 LAFMs
HCSB TBM

2 mm
PFC

HTHEL

ITER HCSB TBM

TBM

DEMO
HTHEL 810 MPa
300 500 0.81.0 kgs1
3

6 HTHEL

HTHE
1 TBM ;
2 TBM
HCS
3 TBM HCS
4LOFA, LOCA

5 DEMO

HTHEL

4 HCSB TBM

5 2-D HCSB TBM

6 HTHEL

0.51 mm 6Li
80%

0.5 mm 1 mm
8 MPa TES
0.1 MPa
EM-TBM

1
2
3E-M ;
4LOCA, LOFA
5 RELAP5 TBM

6 ITER-FEAT HCSB TBM

MCNP
TBM

123TBM 45
678

TBWG
RELAP-5 TBM

ITER TBM

MCNP-FDKR 3-D

Feng K M, et al. Fusion Engineering and Design, 2006, 81, 1219

. 2006263161

69

3.1.2 ITER

[1],
,

, HP-Ge
SiLi
2

1 TBM ,

1234
5678
910
NDD11MI12
1314NDD

235

U 238U

NDD
, ,
300: 12Cn,
9Be , : En5.7 MeV,
,
2%3%
NDD
3 8
5.7 MeV
, D-T , D-D

151617HPGe
1819
2021

1 [1]
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2 cm, 1.1 cm 1 cm
D-D D-T , [2]

TBM 1071014 ncm2s1

,
235U 238U ,
D-D , D-T ,
2 ,

[3]

10175021
2006, 263228

70

3 NDD 8
123
45678
910ADC11
12

4 TBM
TBM 9 ,
4 ITER TBM
, ,

MFC D-T ,
D-D NDD D-T
D-D ,
D-T
, TBM 500700,
,
Li4SiO4
80%,

Bekris N , Boccaccini L V , Chen Y, et al. Design description

document for the european helium cooled pebble bed HCPB test
blanket modules. Forschungs Zentrum Karlsruhe, Germany, June

4 TBM 9

2001

12NDD3

. , 2006, 263190

MFC4 MFC 5
678NDD

, , . ITER .

Krasilnikov A V, Kaneko J, Isobe M, et al. Fusion neutronic source

, 2005, 252105

MFC MI 9TBM 9

, , .

deuterium-tritium neutron spectrum measurement using natural

diamond detectors. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 1997, 6811720

MFC ,
, ,

71

3.1.3

TBM

ITER ,
MCNP D-D D-T
NT-TBM r , 1
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; TBM D-D 10111012 n cm2 s1
,
TBM ,
,
2 3
D-D D-T NT-TBM
MCNP

2 D-D
r201.5 cmr209 cm r211 cm
r246.5 cm r266.5 cm

1 MCNP
D-D D-T

[1],

HP-Ge
SiLi1

100 s
10171021n s1 10%
D-D D-T [2]

100 s

( 10175021 )
2006, 263190

72

3 D-T
r221.5 cmr222.5 cm r229 cm

r231 cm r268.5 cm r286.5 cm

ITER MCNP ITER

[3] 4
235U 238U

235U 238U


Campbelling

NDD

300: 12C
n, 9Be : En5.7
MeV
2%3%NDD
[4]
NDD D-T

, MFC D-T , D-D

NDD D-T
ITER
H+ D+ TBM
,
D-T , TBM
500700, ,
,
Li4Sio480%,

Barnes C W, Larson A R, Lemunyan G , et al. Measurement of DT

and DD neutron yields by neutron activation on the tokamak fusion
test reactor. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 1995, 661888

MCNP ITER

ITER TBM

TBM
,

CNIC-01730, SWIP-0175, 2003

2

, , . .

Sasao M. Neutron diagnostic for alpha particle physics. Sixth

Meeting of the ITPA Topical Group on Diagnostics, Naka, Japan,
2004

Krasilnikov A V, Kaneko J, Isobe M, et al. Fusion neutronic source

deuterium-tritium neutron spectrum measurement using natural
diamond detectors. Rev.Sci. Instrum.,1997, 6811720

73

3.1.4

TBMITER
TBM ITER RELAP5
Ex-Vessel LOCA
In-Vessel LOCA In-Box LOCA
TBM
In-Vessel LOCAEx-Vessel LOCAIn-Box LOCA

ITER

ITER
[1]
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TBM

RELAP5 [2]
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[3, 4]
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1
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1/2 ITER

29 2
mm 18

300 500
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1

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2
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567

NT-TBM-2006 RELAP5

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4.2 In-Vessel LOCA

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321

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LOCA

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9
18
9

4.1
4
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5
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75

4.3 Ex-Vessel LOCA

Ex-Vessel LOCA TBM

322

18 MPa
40 0.01028 m2
0.1 MPa 20
5
80 s Ex-Vessel
LOCA TBM ITER

4.4 In-Box LOCA

In-Box LOCA

14 MPa 50
0.006613 m2 0.1 MPa 500
TBM

300/500
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0.31 MPa 529

0.96
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76

kgs 1 58 ms 1
8.68 ms1
In-Vessel LOCA TBM
TBM

Ex-Vessel LOCA
80 s TBM
ITER

In-Box LOCA TBM

RELAP5

RELAP5

Feng Kaiming, et al. Design description document for the chinese

helium cooled solid breeder (CH HCSB) test blanket module
(Version III), 2006

The RELAP5 Code Development Team. RELAP5/MOD3 code

manual volume I Code structure, system models, and solution
methods. NUREG/CR-5535, INEL-95/0174, 1995

Boccaccini L V. Design description document for the european

helium cooled pebble bed (HCPB) test blanket modules.
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, 2005

Jin Xuezhou, Meyder R. Thermal-hydraulic system study of the

helium cooled pebble bed (HCPB) test blanket module (TBM) for
ITER using system code RELAP5. Chinese Plasma Science and
Technology, 2005

3.1.5 ITER CH HCSB TBM

ITER Test Blanket Modules,TBM

DEMO

ITER TBM
TBM
TBM
TBM

ONEDANT
CH HCSB TBM

[1~3]

1.15
TBM
CH
HCSB TBM
TBM

CH HCSB TBM
TBM 9
1

TBM
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1 HCSB TBM

2
10

TBM

2006, 263233

3 B8

B8 1.15
B8 1.1996

77

 1 B8 cm

78

0.08324 MW 0.0566 MW

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1

B8

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ITER HCSB TBM

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Li4SiO4 90%

Li4SiO4 90%

10

10

271.7

274.2

. .
200552176

. ITER .
200525293

. .
. 2006263201

3.1.6

TBM TBM

TBM

4.0 MPa[1] TBM TDM

Karlsruhe

10.0 MPa 1. 8 kg s 1
550[2] TBM

10 m 8 m 3 m 1

TBM
ITER TBM
ITER

106mbar Ls1
ITER
LOCALOFA
1
1

TBM

/kg s 1
0.11

DEMO

/MPa

/MPa

<0.3

<0.4

100/300
300/500
300/500

/MW
1
5

ITER TBM

TBM
4

1TBM 234
5678 9
10

3
TBM
300
50 35 75
1.0 MPa

2 [3]
1; 2; 3; 4; 5

79

10 9.5 kg
11 kg 50 12 MPa 0.8 m3
500 mm 4 m

1.5 MPa
14 MPaV1

V2

10 380 mm /350 mm 2.6 m

14 MPa

0.1 MPa
V8

10 380 mm /350 mm 2.6 m

14 MPa

H2
H2O
250
H2
H2O
3

500 300
100 300

50 8 MPa 10
1 kg s1 0.3 MPa
/ 3

0.2 m 1.5 m 18
0.033 m3
500 Pa

106 m

350 mm 3 m
100 mm 115 mm

5
U

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3.1.7 3 keV Li2TiO3

Okuno, K.Oya, Y.
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Li2TiO3 XPS TDS 3 keV D2+ Li2TiO3
4 D2O E-center
O-D E-center O-D
Ti-2p X Ti4+ Ti3+
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M. Oyaidzu [1, 2]

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XPS Li2TiO3
Li2TiO3

XPS

2.1 XPS
XPS TDS
XPS TDS

XPS TDS
Li2TiO3
D2+
TDS D2+
XPS
2.2

XPS
Li2TiO3

1 Ti-2p
Ti-2p 2p1/2 2p3/2

Ti3+
O-1s
TiO2 O-1s
Li2TiO3 O-1s

TDS

3.1 TDS

1 Ti-2p XPS
12

TDS

XPS TDS TDS XPS

TDS
1 TDS
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2 Li2TiO3
350

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O FWHM O-D
O FWHM
123 4
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3.2.1

2006 3 ITER

ITER

ITER FW Be Cu
SS HIP
Be/Cu
505032 mm3 580
HIP Ti/Cu
108 MPa

HIP 8028084 mm3

3 Be
Be CuCrZr
Cu
Be HIP
2 CuCrZr

ITER ITER FDR2001[1]

ITER FDR2004[2]

ITER ITA16-36 ITER

BM14C07 [3]
FDR2004

1
PT BM18
[4]
2

BM14C07 ITER

ITER

FDR2004
ITER
BM15S03

ITER ITER
ITA16-37 BM15S03 [5]
/
ITER FW

[6]
FW PT
[7] T

ITER

30 kW 10 kHz
100 mm100 mm
56

3 RAFM 10 kg
0.1C-9Cr-1.5W-0.2Mn-0.2V-0.02Ta
wt% 13 mm

XRD
XRD
100%
980

750
700 MPa Eurofer 97 2%
Mn
Ta

V-4Cr-4TiNIFS-Heat 2
600/20 h
20%
700800

83

 200 MPa

VPS-W/C
VPS-W/Cu VPS-W
6%
40 MPa
89 W/m K
VPS-W/C SMF800
300 m 4 Si W
10 m
VPS-W

VPS-W/Cu 4
300500 m
5 MW m2 1000

VPS-W/C
HL-2A

/
12 15 GaInSn
18

85 2

MHD

84

ITER DEMO
/
MHD

2 T , 1
801701500 mm3 6.011.6 m3 h1,
0.25 V 1.7 mm
200 500
MHD

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MHD

38 mm 32

mm 1Cr18Ni9Ti

GaInSn

NaK

[1] MHD

15
6

LMEL 1992
NaK

NaK

14
3

5
4
13

[2, 3]

MHD

16
12
17

8
9

11

10

.1

1 1# EMP 2# EMP

1 /
12345
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1017

LV1LV8 MHD

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4 kW

85

015 m3 h1

1# 1# EMP 380 V
14 A 11 m3 h16105 Pa
2# 2# EMP 380 V 6 A
4.7 m3 h15105 Pa
500

2.3 MHD
MHD

MHD
MHD
LV6

MHD

Flow Channel Inserts, FCI

MHD

MHD

LV2,

MHD

LV3 LV4

LV7

MHD

68Ga20In12Sn

2.4

50

10.7 20 6363 kgm3

3.3074106 m1 0.353 N m1

4.010 7m2 s 1 70 ppm

2.2

12 t MHD 02 T
700
1408020 1.5

4 kW 3 m3 h1
0.3 MPa

0200 A

060 kW 1%

1%

1#

2#

99.999 %

2.5

MHD MHD

MHD

LEVI

P4 3.0 GHz 16
8 PCL-818HG PCL-818HG

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[1]
/RAFM

DEMO ITER
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Eurofer97 F82H
[3, 4]
CLAM [5]
/

/
CLF-1

25 kg
980/12 h
13 mm 8.88wt.Cr
1.66wt.W0.26 wt.V0.12 wt.C0.12 wt.Mn
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13 mm 10 mm 70 mm
970
980 720
745 70 mm
GB/T4338-1995 5 mm25 mm
Z050 DSC-25T
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OLYMPUS GX51 JSM-6301F
10
1080

X XRD 10 mm
970980

2.1

72 110016

88

970
980
725 743
50 MPa

90
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1
1

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Eurofer97

625
537

726
652

198
208

709
799

1 CLF-1
Eurofer97 [3]
70 MPaCLF-1 Eurofer97
CLF-1
Eurofer97
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1000 980
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1
1 CLF-1
7 m Eurofer97 16.5 m

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Be 20%80%
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2
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0.420 m 33 9 1
CH HCSB TBM

JENDL3.2; JEFF; CENDLEFW

0.78 MW m2 0.5
MW m2 3.4711013 n s cm2
Eurofer
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O16 Si28

2 TBM
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3
TBM

ONEDANT TWOANT
MCNP 3-D
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1 CH HCSB TBM

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0.00102

0.05609

0.50481

0.020078

0.007705

0.028994

0.000816

0.057543

0.517887

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1.15 1.03 ITER

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55 A 2 s
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2
3

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1 2

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[6]
c h a
q
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C
T

4Q
2

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0.4

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- 0

2 30
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2
67
1.5 mm
4 mm 55 48

3 3
A 3.5 mm
134 mm3 mm B 4 mm134
mm3 mm C 20
u 10 m s1 60 kW

3.5 mm 4 mm
4 s 0.5 s
75 82
14%30% C

2.0 MW/m2 10 m s1 15 m s1
1.5 s

20 %

80 60 kW

15 m s 1
0.4 s 50 kW
210
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C
60 kV55 A
3366 kW
2370 kW
2a

Von Mises 2b 2
c 69 MPa 15
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50 kW
3
3

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PSM

PSM PSM

PSM

PSM 1ab
[2]
IGBT
IGBT
PSM
SPSSwitched Power Supply
PSM

SPS BUCK LC

SPS

PSM 2ab 2a
6 9/10 10 V 2

1 T/6 3 2
T/6 T/6
6
2b 5 SPS
6/T 2/5 10 V
SPS

1a SPS IGBT
SPS
IGBT V0UdsIGBT V0
0
N SPS SPS
f s Ds
V0NDsUds 0< Ds <1N 0
f = Nf s f s Ds PSM
0 NUds f

n SPS SPS

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105

PSM

PSM

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PSM
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PSM
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Matlab
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330 kVA 6 6 SPS
1000
pF

PSM

6 SPS
PSM SPS 850
V/100 A
SKM200GAL173D, 1700 V/200 A
BUCK 200A

TTL
SPS 5.4 kHz 50 s
30 s SPS
50 V 3
32.6 kHz 65% fNf s
32.4 kHz 50 s
30 s 64.8%
30.864 s 62.0%

106

3 PSM

SPS 620 V 48

4aba 1 2
4900 V 107 A
4.2 sb Vce IGBT Vce
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6 SPS PSM

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3 6

3 8
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3 14

A
3 15
5

3 22 23
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3 31

A
4 8 7

4 21

16

4 24

A
ITER

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5 8
5
5 15 19
108

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ITER

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5 18 19

5 9
38
5 26 28

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7 18 A

8 30 2006 8
23

9 7 8
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10 16

A
10 16 22
21

800
10 23 26
ITPA 130


12 6 A
ECRHECRH
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12 15

12 28 A

10 26
A

11 8

11 10

2006

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41

21

36

10

22

10

22

2006

17 ITER TBWG

4.28

ITER

10th International Tokamak Physics

ITPAMeeting on Diagnostic Topical

4.921

ITER

4.2330

ITER

International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings

and Thin Films

Activity

5.15

Advanced Surface
Eng. Division of
AVS

109

21

5.17

16th Annual Conference on High-temperature

Plasma Diagnostics

5.711

Los Alamos
National
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General Atomics

17th International Conference on Plasma Surface

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5.2226

33rd IEEE International Conference on Plasma

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6.48

Plasma Sci. and

Application
Committee IEEE
Nucl. and Plasma
Sci. Society

6.1724

10

33rd European Physical SocietyEPSConference

on Plasma Physics

6.1825

11

3 ITER

6.267.2

ITER

12

8 IAEA

7.913

IAEA

13

24

9.1115

24

14

31st IEA-Implementing Agreement on Fusion

Materials Executive Conmittee Meeting

9.15

Fusion Materials
Executive Committee

15

15th International Conference

Modification of Materials

9.1822

University of Catania
Italy

16

ITER-TBM 2

10.16

ITER

17

1 KSTAR

10.912

18

21 IAEA

10.1622

IAEA

19

10th Steady State Operation TG Meeting of ITPA

10.2325

IAEA

20

11th ITPA Meeting on Pedestal & Edge Physics

10.2325

IAEA

110

on

Ion

Beam

2006

Workshop on ITER Simulation

5.1519

7.1418

7.1922

7.2628

2006

8.279.1

2006

9.36

2006

9.1517

10.1417

10.1718

2006

25

Toroidal Symmetry of the Geodesic Acoustic Mode

Zonal Flow in a Tokamak Plasma

Phys. Rev. Lett.

2006

96

Modelling of Stochastic Magnetic Perturbation by

RWMEF Coils on NSTX

Nucl. Fusion

2006

46

Study of First Mirror Exposure and Protection in

HL-2A Tokamak

Fusion Eng. Des.

2006

81

The Mechanical Properties of V-4Cr-4Ti in Various

Therno-mechanical States

Fusion Eng. Des.

2006

81

Study of Surface and Bulk Instabilities in MHD Duct

Flow with Imitation of Insulator Coating Imperfections

Fusion Eng. Des.

2006

81

MHD Stabilities of Liquid Metal Jet Flows with

Gradient Magnetic Field

Fusion Eng. Des.

2006

81

Preliminary Design for a China ITER Test Blanket

Module

Fusion Eng. Des.

2006

81

10

111

8
Novel Design for Zonal Flow Probe Arrays in the
HL-2A Tokamak

Rev. Sci. Instrum.

2006

77

11

New Diagnosties Systems on HL-2A

Rev. Sci. Instrum.

2006

77

10F

10

Preliminary Design for an ITER Test Blanket Module

Nucl. Phys. Rev.

2006

23

11

Supersonic Molecular Beam Injection in Fusion

Plasma

Nova Sci. Publishers

Inc.

2006

12

Optimization of Current Density Profile and High

Performance Scenarios in the Tokamak Discharge

Nova Sci. Publishers

Inc.

2006

13

Impurity Behaviors under Wall Conditioning in

HL-2A

J. Korean Phys. Soc.

2006

49

11

14

Application of Soft X-ray Tomography on HL-2A

J. Korean Phys. Soc.

2006

49

11

15

HL-2A Tokamak and Recent Experimental Results

J. Korean Phys. Soc.

2006

49

11

16

Micro-structural and Dielectric Properties of Porous

TiO2 Film Synthesized on Titanium Alloys by
Micro-arc Discharge Oxidization

Materials
Chem. Phys.

2006

100

17

Improvement of Surface Porosity and Properties of

Alumina Films by Incorporation of Fe Micrograins in
Micro-arc Oxidation

Applied Surf. Sci.

2006

253

18

Effects of Extermal Magnetic Field on Propagation of

Electromagnetic Wave in Uniform Magnetized
Plasma Slabs

Computer Phys.
Commu.

2006

175

19

Stucture and Mechanical Properties of Magnesium

Alloy Treated by Micro-arc Discharge Oxidation
Using Direct Current and High-frequency Bipolar
Pulsing Modes

Materials Sci. Eng.

2006

20

Surface Modification of W9Cr4V2Mo High

Temperatrue Bearing Steel by Rare Earth Ion
Implantation

Surf. Coating Techn.

2006

201

2006

HL-2A

112

2006

HL-2A

113