MY BM HT CHN KHNG: NGUYN L HOT NG

18:43 KALYRUS NGUYEN No comments

Trong cuc sng ngy nay cm t K thut chn khng hn khng cn xa l vi bt k ai na.
Chc rng hn bn nghe t nht mt ln cm t K thut chn khng, c th l trn i bo, trn
tivi, trn internet,
ng vy, k thut chn khng l mt ngnh k thut c ng dng rng ri trong cuc sng
chng ta hin nay. Bn c th thy cc ng dng k thut chn khng trong sn xut cng nghip
ng gi sn phm, trong y t, trong ngnh luyn kim, trong cc thit b lm mt, lm lnh, v c
trong nghin cu khoa hc na.
Trc tin bn v t chn khng. Mi trng chn khng theo l thuyt l mi trng khng cha
vt cht. Tc l khng c p sut. Hay chnh l p sut tuyt i bng 0. Tuy nhin trong thc
t, mt mi trng chn khng hon ho nh l thuytgn nh khng tn ti. Vy ci m k thut
chn khng ang to ra hin nay ch l cc mi trng gn chn khng. Tc l trong cc mi
trng ny vn c p sut, nhng l p sut chn khng. Khi nim p sut chn khng cc bn hiu
n gin l p sut nh hn p sut kh quyn. to ra mi trng chn khng ngi ta s dng
cc loi my ht, gi chung l my bm ht chn khng.

Phn loi bm ht chn khng
1. Theo p sut chn khng:
Bm chn khng thp (p>100Pa),
Bm chn khng trung bnh (100Pa>p>0.1Pa),
Bm chn khng cao (0.1Pa>p>10
5
Pa),
Bm chn khng siu cao (p<10
5
Pa).
2. Theo cht lng cng tc:
Bm ht chn khng vng nc;
Bm ht chn khng vng du;
Bm ht chn khng kh.
3. Theo cu trc ca my bm:
Bm ht chn khng kiu cnh gt;
bm ht chn khng kiu piston;
Bm ht chn khng kiu rotor kp;

Nguyn l hot ng ca bm ht chn khng
Phn tch cu trc ca cc my bm ht chn khng u thy rng, hu ht cc my bm chn
khng u lm vic theo nguyn l chon ch, tng t vi cc my bm th tch. Gi tr chn
khng trong mt khng gian ng kn (bnh, bao, ti) c to ra bng cch ht bt khng kh, hi
trong khng gian bi cc khoang cng tc ca my bm (gia cc piston, cc cnh gt, ). Cc
khoang cng tc ca my bm c th tch thay i mt cch tun hon. Trong mt chu trnh lm
vic ca my bm, khi khoang cng tc c th tch tng ln, y l lc bm thc hin ht cht lng
cng tc (nc hoc du) km vi c khng kh, hi. Hn hp cht lng, khng kh, hi theo s bin
i th tch ca khoang cng tc dn b nn v y ra khi ca ra ca my bm. Ra khi my bm,
khng kh v cht lng li c tch ra. Cht lng theo bnh ngng quay li cung cp cho my bm,
to thnh mt vng khp kn. Trong mt s my bm ht chn khng, khng s dng cht lng, khi
cc khoang cng tc cn m bo ng kn cao.
Di y chng ta nghin cu cu trc mt s dng my bm ht chn khng.

Mt s my bm ht chn khng


1. My bm chn khng rotor cnh gt
Rotor 5 v satato 1 c thit k lch tm. Trn rotor c 2 rnh. Trong 2 rnh c lp cch cnh
gt 3 v l xo. Lo x m bo cc cnh gt lun t vo thnh stato. Khi rotor quay to thnh 3
khoang trong my bm, mt khoang gin, mt khoang nn, mt khoang gia. Ba khoang thay i
mt cch tun hon khi rotor quay. Ti khoang gin do th tch tng ln nn s ht mt lng kh
hoc hi vo khoang ny. Rotor quay, khoang ny tr thnh khoang gia, ri thnh khoang nn v
kh hoc hi s b nn li, khi p sut ti khoang nn tng ti mt gi tr nht nh lm m van x 8,
kh v hi qua van x 8 i ra khi my bm. C my bm c nhn ngp trong thng du. Bng
cch du s bt kn ton b cc khe h ca my bm ngn khng kh, hi quay ngc tr li,
ng thi bi trn, lm mt v nng cao hiu qu hot ng ca my bm.


Hnh 1. Cu trc my bm chn khng rotor cnh gt.
1 stato; 2 thng cha du; 3 cnh gt; 4 khoang cng tc; 5 rotor; 6 ng ht; 7 - ng x; 8
van x.
tng hiu qu c th s dng bm chn khng vi nhiu cnh gt



2. My bm chn khng stato cnh gt
Vi kiu my bm ny, trc quay ca rotor ng trc vi trc ca stato. Rotor c dng bnh lch
tm. Cnh gt 7 c lp trn rnh ca stato. Dng l xo m bo u mt ca cnh gt lun tip
xc vi b mt rotor. Khi rotor quay, cnh gt, v ng tip xc gia rotor v stato to thnh 2
khoang kn. Hai khoang ny bao gm: 1 khoang gin v 1 khoang nn. Khoang gin ht cht kh
vo, khoang nn nn cht kh li. p sut khng kh, hi trong khoang nn ti 1 gi tr nht nh
lm m van x, rotor tip tc quay y mt lng nht nh khng kh, hi ra khi my bm.
gim masat quay ca rotor, ngi ta s dng bi cho rotor.


Hnh 2. Cu trc my bm chn khng stato cnh gt
1 stato; 2 rotor; 3 v my; 4 bnh lch tm; 5 ng x; 6 van x; 7 cnh gt; 8 ng ht;
9 van vo; 10 bi.
Cc my bm kiu cnh gt ny do ma st ln, nn tc quay ca rotor khng cao. Dn ti hiu
sut ca my bm cng ko cao.

3. My bm ht chn khng rotor kp

Ph bin nht hin nay l kiu bm rotor kp khng s dng cht lng. Cu trc ca my bm chn
khng dng ny bao gm 2 rotor c dng cnh hnh s 8, 2 rotor quay ng b ngc chiu bng
cch truyn ng t cp n khp bnh rng. Bng lp t chnh xc m bo cho trong qu trnh lm
vic, gia 2 rotor v thnh my bm lun duy tr mt khe h nh m khng tip xc. Nh vy gn
nh khng b tn cng v ch bi ma st. Bi vy hiu sut ca my bm chn khng ny tng i
ln.