Instituii Financiare Internaionale

Instituii Financiare
Instituii
Financiare
PUBLICE
Instituii
Financiare
PRIVATE
I. Instituii financiare Internaionale:
-Fondul Monetar Internaional;
-Banca Mondial (IBRD, IDA, IFC, IMGA);
-EBRD;
-European Investment Bank;
-Bank for International Settlements;
II. Instituii Guvernamentale:
-Export Credit Agencies;
-Export Guarantee Credit Agencies;
-Export Insurance Agencies;
III. Instituii cu depozite:
-Commercial Banks;
-Savings and Loans Associations;
-Mutual Savings Banks;
-Credit Unions.
IV. Instituii fr depozite:
-Investment Banks;
-Mutual Funds;
-Pension Funds;
-Insurance Companies;
-Financing Companies;
-Venture Capital;
-Stock Markets Brokers and Dealers.
Grupul Bncii Mondiale
Grupul Bncii Mondiale
The World Bank is a vital source of financial and technical assistance to
developing countries around the world.
WBG includes two international financial institutions owned by 184 member
countriesthe International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
(IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA).
The IBRD focuses on middle income and creditworthy poor countries;
IDA focuses on the poorest countries in the world.
Together we provide low-interest loans, interest-free credit and grants to
developing countries for education, health, infrastructure,
communications and many other purposes.
Organizarea Bncii Mondiale
The World Bank is like a cooperative, where its 184 member countries are
shareholders.
The shareholders are represented by a Board of Governors, who are the
ultimate policy makers at the World Bank. Generally, the governors are member
countries' ministers of finance or ministers of development. They meet
once a year at the Annual Meetings of the Boards of Governors of the
World Bank Group and the International Monetary Fund.
Because the governors only meet annually, they delegate specific duties to 24
Executive Directors, who work on-site at the bank. The five largest shareholders,
France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States
appoint an executive director, while other member countries are represented by 19
executive directors.
The World Bank operates day-to-day under the leadership and direction of the
president, management and senior staff, and the vice presidents in charge
of regions, sectors, networks and functions. Vice Presidents are the principal
managers at the World Bank.
Banca Mondial n Romnia
Health Sector Reform 2 Project
The Second Romania Health Sector Reform Project provides more
accessible services, o f increased quality and with improved health
outcomes for those requiring maternity and newborn care, emergency
medical care, and rural primary health care.

Approval Date 16-DEC-2004
Closing Date 31-DEC-2009
Total Project Cost ** 206.49
Region Europe And Central Asia
Major Sector (Sector) (%) Health and other social services (Health) (96%)
Law and justice and public administration (Central
government administration) (3%)
Law and justice and public administration (Sub-national
government administration) (1%)
Old Major Sector N/A
Old Sector N/A
Environmental Category B
Bank Team Lead Haazen, Dominic S.
Borrower MINISTRY OF PUBLIC FINANCE
Implementing Agency MINISTRY OF HEALTH
Banca Mondial n Romnia
Transport Restructuring Project
The Government of Romania has defined a strategy for the transport
sector that is primarily aimed at improving the efficiency of the railways and
road sectors, and thereby reducing the overall costs of transportation.
Approval Date 16-NOV-2004
Closing Date 31-JUL-2009
Total Project Cost ** 377.9
Region Europe And Central Asia
Major Sector (Sector) (%) Transportation (Roads and highways) (67%)
Transportation (Railways) (33%)
Old Major Sector N/A
Old Sector N/A
Environmental Category A
Bank Team Lead Kerali, Henry G. R.
Borrower MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT
Implementing Agency NAT'L ADM OF ROADS AND STATE RAILWAYS CFR-INFRA

Banca Mondial n Romnia
Irrigation Rehabilitation & Reform Project:
Despite the current pricing and subsidy mechanisms, which do not
encourage economic irrigation, the central issue of Romania's irrigation
sector today, remain that irrigation facilities will likely become economic as
the agriculture sector redevelops in the coming years
Approval Date 31-JUL-2003
Closing Date 31-MAR-2011
Total Project Cost ** 102.98
Region Europe And Central Asia
Major Sector (Sector) (%) Agriculture, fishing, and forestry (Irrigation and drainage) (94%)
Law and justice and public administration (Central government administration)
(4%)
Agriculture, fishing, and forestry (Agricultural extension and research) (1%)
Education (Vocational training) (1%)
Old Major Sector Agriculture
Old Sector Irrigation & Drainage
Environmental Category B
Bank Team Lead Ionita, Gabriel
Borrower ROMANIA
Implementing Agency MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, WATER AND ENVIRONMENT

Banca Mondial n Romnia
Electricity Market Project
The development objective of the Electricity Market Project for Romania is to
develop a well-functioning wholesale electricity market with the aim of: (a) putting
in place a transparent and predictable commercial and regulatory framework and a
power exchange that will facilitate electricity trading within a competitive national,
regional and eventually European market; and (b) improving the efficiency and
reliability of the transmission system in order to support trading and supply
electricity.
Approval Date 12-JUN-2003
Closing Date 30-JUN-2008
Total Project Cost ** 113.6
Region Europe And Central Asia
Major Sector (Sector) (%) Energy and mining (Power) (100%)
Old Major Sector N/A
Old Sector N/A
Environmental Category B
Bank Team Lead Visa, Doina
Borrower TRANSELECTRICA
Implementing Agency TRANSELECTRICA, ANRE, OPCOM

Banca Mondial n Romnia
Energy Community of South East Europe Project
A strategy paper for energy trade in South East Europe outlines the Bank's
vision for regional energy market development, and defines its role in
supporting the evolution of regional energy trade. The framework
elaborates the Bank's role in supporting policy reform, institutional
development, and lending for power generation, transmission, distribution.
Approval Date 27-JAN-2005
Closing Date 30-JUN-2010
Total Project Cost ** 112.3
Region Europe And Central Asia
Major Sector (Sector) (%) Energy and mining (Power) (100%)
Old Major Sector N/A
Old Sector N/A
Environmental Category F
Bank Team Lead Nyman, Kari J.
Borrower COUNTRIES OF SOUTH EAST EUROPE
Implementing Agency UTILITIES IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE

Banca European pentru
Reconstrucie i Dezvoltare
BERD
The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development was established in 1991;
The initial objective: to provide support for private sector in the former
communist countries;
Today the EBRD uses the tools of investment to help build market economies and
democracies in 27 countries from central Europe to central Asia.
The EBRD is the largest single investor in the region and mobilizes significant
foreign direct investment beyond its own financing.
It also works with publicly owned companies, to support privatization,
restructuring state-owned firms and improvement of municipal services.
It is owned by 60 countries and two intergovernmental institutions (EU
and EIB).
BERD
EBRD investment objectives:
Help move a country closer to a full market economy: the transition
impact
Take risk that supports private investors
Apply sound banking principles
EBRD promotes:
Structural and sectorial reforms
Competition, privatization and entrepreneurship
Stronger financial institutions and legal systems
Infrastructure development needed to support the private sector
Adoption of strong corporate governance, including environmental
sensitivity
Co-financing and foreign direct investment
Mobilizing domestic capital
Providing technical assistance
Organizare BERD
BERD - Istoric
1989 October - President Franois Mitterrand of France proposes to the
European Parliament the creation of a bank for eastern Europe.
1990 January - Negotiations on establishing the EBRD begin in Paris.
1990 May - Agreement Establishing the Bank signed in Paris.
1991April - Inauguration of the EBRD in London attended by Governors
representing the 41 initial members of the Bank.
1991 June - First project approved in the state sector - for Bank of Poznan in
Poland.
1992 December - The 12 newly independent states of the former Soviet
Union and Slovenia complete EBRD membership procedures.
1993 July - Russia Small Business Fund is launched to support small and
medium-sized enterprises.
1995October - EBRD participates in the first joint mission by international
financial institutions to Bosnia and Herzegovina.
BERD - Istoric
1999 September - In the wake of the Kosovo conflict, the EBRD launches the South Eastern Europe
Action Plan to promote investment and assist economic recovery in the region.
2000 July - EBRD publishes new Public Information Policy (underscores the Banks commitment to
enhance the transparency of its activities and promote good governance).
2002 June Three draft papers are published proposing improvements to the Bank's transparency,
accountability and good governance: Public Information Policy review, Environmental Policy review
and the Independent Recourse Mechanism.
2003 April A new Environmental policy is approved. It sets parametres for reviewing community
issues, such as the impact of EBRD investments on local communities and their cultural heritage.
2004 June - The 'Early Transition Countries' initiative is launched to support investment in the Bank's
seven poorest countries of operation.
2004 July - The Independent Recourse Mechanism is launched, providing local groups with a means of
raising a complaint about a Bank-financed project. President Jean Lemierre begins second four-year term of
office.
BERD
The EBRD is the largest investor in Romania with commitments exceeding
2.5 billion.
Romania is the third-largest recipient of EBRD funding.
The Bank's Romanian portfolio is rapidly expanding in areas such as private
sector investment, financial sector development, critical infrastructure
such as power, transport and municipal infrastructure and large-scale
privatization with strategic investors.
EBRD is encouraging the private financing of infrastructure through
concessions and build, operate, transfer (BOT) schemes
The Bank is also actively supporting the development of the non-banking
financial sector by promoting investments in leasing and insurance
companies and in equity, mortgage and pension funds.
BERD - Angajamente
BERD Proiecte n Romnia
Supporting the privatization of Romanias largest bank Romanian Commercial Bank (In
2003 the EBRD agreed to buy a 25 per cent stake in BCR together with the IFC for a combined
investment of 176 million);
Successful privatisation for Petrom, Romanias oil company: - in 2002, EBRD arranged a
syndicated US$ 150 million pre-privatisation corporate loan to SNP Petrom, the Banks largest
non-sovereign long-term syndicated loan to a state-owned company in Romania at the time.
Providing funds for a barge terminal in the Port of Constanta: - In September 2004, the
Bank granted a 16 million non sovereign loan to the Administration of Constanta Port to finance
a new barge terminal in what has been the first non sovereign guaranteed loan by the Bank for a
state owned company in the Romanian Transport sector.
Transelectrica - Regional Transmission Line Project: - in December 2004 the Bank signed a
23.2 million loan with Transelectrica in order to finance: (i) the Romanian part of a 110km
transmission line between Oradea (Romania) and Bekescsaba (Hungary), and (ii) the construction of
a 400kV substation at Nadab along the route of the line.
Banca Transilvania: - BT managed to implement the Mortgage Loan of 10 million in a short
period of time, reaching around 830 clients with a large geographic spread covering 32 main counties
through a network of 130 branches and agencies as of end-March 2005.
BERD Proiecte de investiii directe
BERD Faciliti de finanare pentru IMM
BERD Faciliti pentru investiii
municipale i de mediu
BERD Investiii Regionale
Banca European de Investiii
Banca European de Investiii
The task of the European Investment Bank, the European Union's financing
institution, is to contribute towards the integration, balanced development
and economic and social cohesion of the Member Countries.
The European Investment Bank (EIB), the financing institution of the European
Union, was created by the Treaty of Rome.
The members of the EIB are the Member States of the European Union, who
have all subscribed to the Bank's capital.
The EIB grants loans mainly from the proceeds of its borrowings, which,
together with "own funds" (paid-in capital and reserves), constitute its "own
resources".
Outside the European Union, EIB financing operations are conducted principally
from the Bank's own resources but also, under mandate, from Union or
Member States' budgetary resources.
Banca European de Investiii
Objectives and financing priorities:
Economic and social cohesion in the enlarged EU
Implementation of the Innovation 2010 Initiative
Development of Trans-European and Access Networks
Support of EU development and cooperation policies in partner countries
Environmental protection and improvement, including climate change and
renewable energy.
Support for small and medium-sized enterprises as well as mid-cap companies of
intermediate size
Support for human capital, notably health.
Acionarii BEI
The shareholders of the European Investment Bank are the 25 Member
States of the European Union.
Each Member States share in the Banks capital is calculated in
accordance with its economic weight within the European Union
(expressed in GDP) at the time of its accession.
In total, the Banks subscribed capital amounts to more than 163.6 billion.
The EU Member States are fully eligible for Bank financing
operations, without any geographical or sectorial quotas being applied.
Under its Statute, the Bank may have maximum loans outstanding
equivalent to two and half times its capital.
Structura BEI
1. Board of Governors: consists of Ministers designated by each of the 25 Member
States, usually Finance Ministers.
2. Board of Directors: has the power to take decisions in respect of loans,
guarantees and borrowings. The Board of Directors consists of 26 Directors, with
one Director nominated by each Member State and one by the European
Commission.
3. The Management Committee: is the Banks permanent collegiate executive
body. It has nine members. Under the authority of the President and the
supervision of the Board of Directors, it oversees day-to-day running of the
EIB, prepares decisions for Directors and ensures that these are
implemented.
4. The Audit Committee: is an independent body answerable directly to the
Board of Governors and responsible for verifying that the operations of the Bank
have been conducted and its books kept in a proper manner.
Fondul European de Investiii
Following the conclusions of the Lisbon European Council in March 2000, which
called for increased support for operations to assist SMEs, the Board of Governors
decided to set up the "EIB Group", consisting of the European Investment
Bank and the European Investment Fund.
The EIB became the majority shareholder in the European Investment Fund, which
nevertheless retains a tripartite share-ownership structure consisting of the EIB
(59.15%), the European Commission (30%) and European banks and
financial institutions (10.85%).
EIB Group is thus able to play a predominant role in boosting the
competitiveness of European industry through the diversified support it
provides for the activities of SMEs (mediu and long-term loans, venture capital
and guarantees).
The EIB continues to promote smaller businesses through its medium and
long-term global loan financing, arranged in collaboration with the banking sector.
The relationship between the EIB and the EIF encourages a productive
sharing of expertise between the Bank and the Fund in support of finance for
SMEs;
Faciliti de Finanare oferite de BEI
The EIB offers various financial services to support projects,
depending on eligibility and project category.
Loans for SMEs through an intermediary (credit lines made available to
banks, leasing companies or financial institutions, which on lend the proceeds for
small or medium-scale investment projects meeting the Bank's criteria)
Venture capital
Direct loans (also known as Individual loans) (Promoters in both the public
and private sectors, including banks);
Structured Finance Facility (SFF) (senior loans and guarantees incorporating
pre-completion and early operational risk; subordinated loans and guarantees
ranking ahead of shareholder subordinated debt; mezzanine finance, including high-
yield debt for industrial companies in transition from SME scale or in the course
of restructuring; project-related derivatives.)
Proiecte BEI
Date of Entry:
17/05/2005
Beneficiary:
The Region of Pardubice. The Region of Liberec.
Location:
Czech Republic - European Union. Pardubice and Liberec.
Description: The project concerns a series of priority schemes for the rehabilitation of the regional road
network.
Objectives: The project will improve traffic fluidity and safety along the Regions road network and
decrease cost of road users (fuel and tyre consumption, maintenance, travel time).
Sector:
Transports.
Proposed EIB
finance:
To be determined
Total cost: Up to EUR 40 million for the Region of Pardubice
Up to EUR 40 million for the Region of Liberec.
Environmental
aspects:
Current environmental impact legislation in the Czech Republic is based on the Act No
100/2001 Coll., which reflects relevant EU legislation (namely Directive 85/337/EEC as
amended by Directive 97/11/EC).
Procurement: EU Procurement Directives have been transposed into the national legislation, and the
procedures to be used will be verified during appraisal.
Status: Signed - 30/06/2005
Priority Roads and Motorways Rehabilitation II - AFI Czech Republic
Proiecte BEI
Date of Entry: 25/02/2005
Beneficiary: Gdansk Transport Company SA
Location: Poland - European Union.
Gdansk to Nowe Marzy (89.5 km)
Description: Design, construction and operation of 152 km dual carriage motorway from Gdanks to
Torun.
Objectives: The new motorway section will constitute the first step in completing of the missing link
between Gdask and d on the way to industrial Silesia. At the same time, once the whole
section Gdask-Toru is completed, it will facilitate easier access between Warsaw region
and Tricity (Gdask, Sopot and Gdynia).
Sector: Transports.
Road transport
Proposed EIB
finance:
EUR 525 million
Total cost: EUR 700 million
Environmental
aspects:
The project falls under the requirements of Annex 1 of the EU Directive 97/11 and requires
full EIA with public consultation.
Procurement: The project has been procured as a Public Private Partnership to design, build, finance and
maintain the infrastructure based on combination of shadow toll revenues and availability
and performance payments to the concession company during a 35-year concession.
Status: Signed - 28/07/2005
A1 Motorway - Poland
Proiecte BEI
Date of Entry: 16/09/2004
Beneficiary:
Municipality of Budapest
Location: Hungary - European Union.
Budapest.
Description:
The project concerns the design, construction, operation and maintenance of the BCWWTP
and ancillary investments. It includes the following main investments:
Objectives: The project represents a cost-effective solution to wastewater collection, treatment and
sludge disposal in central Budapest to meet EU and Hungarian environmental standards. It is
expected that there will be indirect benefits to the city through reduced pollution of the
Danube and greater tourism potential of the riverfront.
Sector: Water, sewerage.
Environment sector.
Proposed EIB
finance:
Up to EUR 147 million.
Total cost: Approximately EUR 529 million.
Environmental
aspects:
The project has been designed in full compliance with national and relevant EU
environmental directives. Upon completion and successful start of operation wastewater
generated by more than 90% of Budapest population (for the time being some 1.8 million)
will be treated biologically.
Budapest Central Waste Water Treatment Plant Project
Proiecte BEI
HVB Bank Romania Global Loan II
Date of Entry: 03/02/2005
Beneficiary: HVB Bank Romania
Location:
Romania - Accession Countries.
Description: Small and medium-scale projects in the field of environment protection, infrastructure,
development of a knowledge-based economy, rational use of energy, health and education in
Romania.
Objectives: The global loan would contribute to the development of term finance in Romania. Through the
financial intermediary, the global loan would provide long-term funding for eligible projects
promoted by small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) and local
municipalities/authorities/associations.
Sector:
Global loans.
Proposed EIB
finance:
Up to EUR 20 million
Total cost: EIB finances up to 50% of total project cost
Environmental
aspects:
The financial intermediary will be requested to ensure compliance of the sub-projects with
relevant national and EU directives, as appropriate.
Procurement: The financial intermediary will be requested to ensure compliance of the sub-projects with EU
directives, in particular for the award of public sector contracts, as may be appropriate.
Status: Signed - 15/09/2005
Fondul Monetar International
Rolurile FMI
monitoring national, global, and regional economic and
financial developments and advising member countries on
their economic policies ("surveillance");
lending members hard currencies to support policy
programs designed to correct balance of payments
problems; and
offering technical assistance in its areas of expertise, as
well as training for government and central bank officials.
Membri FMI
Drepturi Speciale de Tragere (SDR)
The SDR, or Special Drawing Right, is an international reserve asset that
member countries can add to their foreign currency and gold reserves and
use for payments requiring foreign exchange. Its value is set daily using a
basket of four major currencies: the euro, Japanese yen, pound sterling, and
U.S. dollar.
The IMF introduced the SDR in 1969 because of concern that the stock
and prospective growth of international reserves might not be sufficient to
support the expansion of world trade. (The main reserve assets at the time
were gold and U.S. dollars.) The SDR was introduced as a supplementary
reserve asset, which the IMF could "allocate" periodically to members
when the need arose, and cancel, as necessary.
IMF member countries may use SDRs in transactions among themselves,
with 16 "institutional" holders of SDRs, and with the IMF. The SDR is also
the IMF's unit of account. A number of other international and regional
organizations and international conventions use it as a unit of account, or
as the basis for a unit of account.
FMI vs Banca Mondial
The World Bank was established at the Bretton Woods Conference
at the same time as the IMF. Its purpose was to help war-ravaged
countries rebuild.The earliest recipients of its loans were the
European countries and Japan. By the early 1960s, these countries
no longer needed World Bank assistance, and its lending was
redirected to the newly independent and emerging nations of Africa,
Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East, and, in the 1990s, to the
transition countries of Central and Eastern Europe.
The IMF and the World Bank complement each other's work. While
the IMF's focus is chiefly on macroeconomic and financial sector
issues, the World Bank is concerned mainly with longer-term
development and poverty reduction. Its loans finance infrastructure
projects, the reform of particular sectors of the economy, and
broader structural reforms.
Countries must join the IMF to be eligible for World Bank
membership.
Organizaia pentru Cooperare i
Dezvoltare Economic
OECD
groups 30 member countries committed to democracy
and the market economy
provides statistics and economic and social data
analyses and forecasts economic developments
researches social changes and evolving patterns in trade,
environment, agriculture, technology, fiscal policy and
more
OECD i guvernele rilor membre
compare policy experiences
seek answers to common problems
identify good practice
co-ordinate domestic and international policies
Misiunea OECD
Article 1 of the OECD Convention defines the
Organisations mission as being to:
support economic growth
boost employment
raise living standards
maintain financial stability
assist other countries economic development
contribute to growth in world trade
Organizare
Council
Oversight and strategic direction
Representatives of member countries and of the European
Commission; decisions taken by consensus
Committees
Discussion and implementation
Representatives of member countries and
of invited non-members work with the
OECD Secretariat on specific issues
Secretariat
Analysis and proposals
Secretary-General
Deputy Secretaries-General
Directorates
OECD - Proces
1. Data collection
2. Data analysis
3. Collective
policy discussion
4. Decision-making
5. Implementation
Realizrile OCDE - Exemple
Improving transparency and ethics in international business
Principles of Corporate Governance
Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises
Anti-Bribery Convention
Polluter-Pays Principle (PPP)
Simplifying tax issues in international transactions
Model Tax Convention
Helping emerging and transition economies
Co-operation programmes with emerging market economies
including China, India and Brazil
DE CE?
De ce exista instituii financiare de acest gen?
De ce exist banca mondial?
De ce exist bnci care au ca acionari state?
Concluzii
Bibliografie
Haggblade, Peter B. R. Hazell, and Thomas Reardon (2007). Transforming the Rural
Nonfarm Economy: Opportunities and Threats in the Developing World. Edited by Steven
Johns Hopkins University Press.
Markwell, Donald (2006). John Maynard Keynes and International Relations: Economic
Paths to War and Peace. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press.
Bibliografie
Jan Joost Teunissen and Age Akkerman (eds.) (2005). Helping the Poor? The IMF and
Low-Income Countries. FONDAD.
Dreher, Axel (2002). The Development and Implementation of IMF and World Bank
Conditionality. HWWA. http://econwpa.wustl.edu/eps/if/papers/0207/0207003.pdf.
Dreher, Axel (2004). A Public Choice Perspective of IMF and World Bank Lending and
Conditionality. Public Choice 119 (34): 445464.
Greg Palast (2002). The Best Democracy Money Can Buy.
David D. Driscoll (2007). The IMF and The World Bank: How do they differ?
Rivalries between IMF and IBRD.The Economist (2007-03-01)
George, S. (1988). A Fate Worse Than Debt. London: Penguin Books. Markwell,
Donald (2006), John Maynard Keynes and International Relations: Economic Paths to
War and Peace, Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press.
Rapkin, David P. and Jonathan R. Strand (2005). Developing Country Representation and
Governance of the International Monetary Fund. World Development 33, 12: 1993-
2011.
Williamson, John. (1982). The Lending Policies of the International Monetary Fund, Policy
Analyses in International Economics. Washington D.C., Institute for International
Economics.