ARCHITECTURE

BUDDHIST ARCHITECTURE Page 0

BUDDHIST ARCHITECTURE Page 1
BUDDHIST
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Brief
Introduction.
.Page 2
2. Stupa
Page !"#
!. $i%ara
..Page &"'
(. C%ait)a
Page *"11
+. Painting
..Page 12
#. Sta,-%
..Page 1!
&. Co,,and"
Taug%t.Ued....Page
1(
BUDDHIST ARCHITECTURE Page 2
BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Buddhist religious architecture de/e0oped in Sout% Aia in t%e !rd centur) BCE.
T%ree t)pe of tructure are aociated 1it% t%e re0igiou arc%itecture of
ear0) Budd%i,2 ,onaterie 3viharas45 p0ace to /enerate re0ic 3stupas45 and %rine
or pra)er %a00 3c%ait)a a0o ca00ed chaitya grihas45 1%ic% 0ater ca,e to -e ca00ed
te,p0e in o,e cae.
$i%ara initia00) 1ere on0) te,porar) %e0ter ued -) 1andering ,on6 during t%e rain)
eaon5 -ut 0ater 1ere de/e0oped to acco,,odate t%e gro1ing and increaing0)
for,a0ied Budd%it ,onatici,. An e7iting e7a,p0e i at 8a0anda 3Bi%ar4. A
ditincti/e t)pe of fortre arc%itecture found in t%e for,er and preent Budd%it
6ingdo, of t%e Hi,a0a)a are d9ong.
T%e initia0 function of a tupa 1a t%e /eneration and afe"guarding of t%e re0ic of
t%e Budd%a. T%e ear0iet ur/i/ing e7a,p0e of a tupa i in Sanc%i 3:ad%)a Prade%4.
In accordance 1it% c%ange in re0igiou practice5 tupa 1ere gradua00) incorporated into
c%ait)a"gri%a 3pra)er %a004. T%ee reac%ed t%eir %ig% point in t%e 1t centur) BC5
e7e,p0i;ed -) t%e ca/e co,p0e7e of A<anta and E00ora 3:a%ara%tra4.
T%e aha!odhi Te"ple at Bod% =a)a in Bi%ar i anot%er 1e00"6no1n e7a,p0e of
Budd%it.
T%e #agoda i an e/o0ution of t%e Indian tupa.
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Buddhist Architecture %a/e ,ade u-tantia0 contri-ution to Indian Cu0ture. Budd%it
Arc%itecture %a got e/era0 6e) e0e,ent5 o,e of t%e, 1%ic% 1i00 -e dicued in t%i
report are na,ed a fo00o12
STU#AS
$IHARAS
CHAIT%AS
#AINTIN&S
STABHS
STU#AS
Stupa 1ere -ui0t of tone or -ric6 to co,,e,orate i,portant e/ent or ,ar6
i,portant p0ace aociated 1it% Budd%i, or to %oue i,portant re0ic of Budd%a.
A%o6 :aur)a 1%o 0aid t%e foundation of
t%i group of ,onu,ent i aid to %a/e
-ui0t '(5000 tupa5 ,ot of 1%ic% %a/e
peri%ed.
T%e -et e7a,p0e of tupa are t%oe
contructed at A,ara/ati5 Sanc%i5 Bar%ut
and =a)a. >?ne of t%e ,ot tri6ing
arc%itectura0 re,ain of ancient India> and
t%e ear0iet and 0arget of t%e t%ree tupa
found in Sanc%i 1a -ui0t -) A%o6a 32&!"
2!# B.C.4
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Sanc%i in Raien ditrict of :ad%)a Prade% i fa,ou for it ,agni;cent Budd%it
,onu,ent and edi;ce. Situated on a %i005 t%ee -eautifu0 and 1e00"preer/ed tupa
depict t%e /ariou tage of de/e0op,ent of Budd%it art and arc%1teeture o/er a period
of t%irteen %undred )ear fro, t%e t%ird centur) B.C. to t%e t1e0ft% centur) A.D.
Incription %o1 t%at t%ee ,onu,ent 1ere ,aintained -) t%e ric% ,erc%ant of t%at
region.
T%e tupa -ui0t -) A%o6a 1a da,aged during t%e -rea6"up of t%e :aur)a E,pire. In
t%e 2nd centur) B.C.5 during t%e. ru0e of t%e Sunga it 1a co,p0ete0) recontructed.
Re0igiou acti/it) 0ed to t%e i,pro/e,ent and en0arge,ent of t%e tupa and a tone
rai0ing 1a -ui0t around it. It 1a a0o e,-e00i%ed 1it% t%e contruction of %ea/i0)
car/ed gate1a).
T%e =reat tupa %a a 0arge %e,ip%erica0 do,e 1%ic% i @at at t%e top5 and cro1ned -)
a trip0e u,-re00a or C%attra on a pedeta0 urrounded -) a Auare rai0ing or Bar,i6a.
Budd%aC re0ic 1ere p0aced in a ca6et c%a,-er in t%e centre of t%e Do,e. At t%e -ae
of t%e do,e i a %ig% circu0ar terrace pro-a-0) ,eant for pari6ra,a or circu,a,-u0ation
and an encirc0ing -a0utrade. At t%e ground 0e/e0 i a tone"pa/ed proceion pat% and
anot%er tone Ba0utrade and t1o @ig%t of tep 0eading to t%e circu0ar terrace. Acce
to it i t%roug% four e7Auiite0) car/ed gate1a) or Torana in t%e 8ort%5 Sout%5 Eat and
Det. T%e dia,eter of t%e tupa i !#.#0 ,etre and it %eig%t i 1#.(# ,etre. It i -ui0t
of 0arge -urnt -ric6 and ,ud ,ortar. It i preu,ed t%at t%e e0a-orate0) car/ed Torana
1ere -ui0t -) i/or) or ,eta0 1or6er in t%e 1t. Centur) BC during t%e reign of Bing
Sata6arni of t%e Sata/a%ana D)nat). T%e 0at addition to t%e tupa 1a ,ade during t%e
BUDDHIST ARCHITECTURE Page +
ear0) (t% Centur) AD in t%e =upta period 1%en four i,age of Budd%a itting in t%e
d%)ana ,udra or ,editation 1ere inta00ed at t%e four entrance.

Norther' &ate(a)* &reat Stupa* Sa'chi

T%e ;rt Torana gate1a) to -e -ui0t i t%e one at t%e principa0 entrance on t%e Sout%.
Eac% gate1a) %a t1o Auare pi00ar. Cro1ning eac% pi00ar on. a00 four ide are four
e0ep%ant5 four 0ion and four d1arf. T%e four d1arf upport a upertructure of t%ree
arc%itra/e or car/ed pane0 one a-o/e t%e ot%er. Bet1een t%ee are intricate0) car/ed
e0ep%ant and rider on %ore-ac6. T%e 0o1et arc%itra/e i upported on e7Auiite0)
car/ed -rac6et ;gure. T%e pane0 are decorated 1it% ;ne0) car/ed ;gure of ,en5
1o,en5 )a6%a5 0ion and e0ep%ant. T%e entire pane0 of t%e gate1a) i co/ered 1it%
cu0ptured cene fro, t%e 0ife of Budd%a5 t%e Eata6a Ta0e5 e/ent of t%e Budd%it ti,e
and ro1 of 0otu ,otif. T%e cene fro, Budd%aC 0ife %o1 Budd%a repreented -)
),-o0 " t%e 0otu5 1%ee0 a rider0e caparioned %ore5 an u,-re00a %e0d a-o/e a
t%rone5 foot print and t%e triratna 1%ic% are ),-o0ic of Budd%a5 D%ar,a and Sang%a.
T%e top pane0 %a a D%ar,a c%a6ra 1it% t1o Fa6%a on eit%er ide %o0ding c%a,ara.
Sout% of t%e Scene depicted fro, Budd%aC 0ife are t%e En0ig%ten,ent of Budd%a 3a
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t%rone -eneat% a peepu0 tree4G t%e Hirt Ser,on 3a D%ar,a c%a6ra p0aced on a t%rone4G
T%e =reat Departure 3 a rider0e %ore and an e,pt) c%ariot 1it% an u,-re00a a-o/e 4G
Su<ataC oIering and t%e te,ptation and aau0t -) :ara.
T%e -ig Stupa at B%ar%ut a0o in :ad%)a Prade% 1a contructed in t%e 2nd centur) BC
in t%e Sunga Period. It i a %e,ip%erica0 do,e -ui0t of -ric6 and i ur,ounted -) a
%aft and an u,-re00a to repreent t%e piritua0 o/ereignt) of Budd%i,. T%e rai0ing
urrounding it i of red andtone. Scene fro, t%e 0ife of Budd%a and t%e Eata6a Ta0e
are cu0ptured on t%e gate1a)5 pi00ar5 uprig%t and cro"-ar of t%e rai0ing.
During t%e a,e period5 a nu,-er of tupa5 c%ait)a5 /i%ara and pi00ar 1ere
contructed in Sanc%i5 Bod%"=a)a5 :at%ura5 =and%ara5 A,ara/ati and 8agar<una6onda.
T%oug% ,ot of t%ee %a/e not re,ained in t%eir entiret)5 t%e ruin are of arc%itectura0
interet.
T%e Stupa of 8aga<una6onda and A,ara/ati5 -ot% in t%e =untur Ditrict of And%ra
Prade% %o1 t%at t%e Stupa of t%e Sout%ern region diIer in tructure fro, t%oe of t%e
8ort%. T%e arc%itecture %ere i a %ift fro, t%e uua0 Budd%it t)0e5 1%ic% re@ected t%e
t1o ,ain di/iion in Budd%i, " Hina)ana and :a%a)ana. DiIerent trend and t)0e
1ere incorporated %ere gi/ing rie to ne1 arc%itectura0 for,5 i.e. a Auadrangu0ar
,onater)5 Auare and rectangu0ar i,age %rine5 pi00ared %a00 and a. ,a00 tupa on a
Auare p0atfor,.
T%e tupa of 8agar<una6onda are in t%e for, of a %e,ip%erica0 do,e reting on a 0o1
dru, encaed in pane0 cu0ptured 1it% cene of e/ent depicting t%e 0ife of Budd%a. A
nota-0e feature of t%e tupa %ere i a)a6a p0atfor, in t%e four direction 1it% ;/e
incri-ed pi00ar on eac% of t%e,. T%e ;/e pi00ar ),-o0ie t%e ;/e i,portant e/ent in
t%e 0ife of Budd%a " %i Birt%5 Renunciation5 En0ig%ten,ent5 Hirt Ser,on and Parinir/ana.
T%e ear0iet of t%e 8agar<un6onda tupa i t%e :a%a C%ait)a 1%ic% contain t%e toot%
re0ic of Budd%a. T%e tupa i 1%ee0"%aped 1it% a)a6a p0atfor, ur,ounted -) pi00ar.
T%e ,a00et tupa %ere %a on0) t1o ce00 and t%e C%ait)a gri%a en%rine t%e i,age of
Budd%a.
Ruin of tupa %a/e -een found in Ra<gri%a or Ra<gir 3Bi%ar4 1%ere t%e Hirt Budd%it
Counci0 1a %e0dG at $aia0i 3Bi%ar4 1%ere t%e Second Budd%it Counci0 1a %e0d and at
Sra/ati 3U.P.4 one of t%e eig%t p0ace of Budd%it pi0gri,age 1%ere Budd%a i aid to
%a/e perfor,ed t%e =reat :irac0e. To %o1 %i piritua0 po1er5 %e ,ade a ,ango tree
to prout in a da) and created nu,erou i,age of %i,e0f5 itting and tanding on
0otue 1it% ;re and 1ater e,anating fro, %i -od). T%e con/erion of Bing Praena<it
and t%e dacoit Angu0i,a0a i a0o aid to %a/e ta6en p0ace %ere.
Ruin of t%e ,ain tupa in Buinagara in U.P. 1%ere Budd%a paed a1a) and 1a
cre,ated5 i -e0ie/ed to contain t%e -odi0) re,ain of Budd%a. Bot% Ha"%ien and Hiuen"
Tang %a/e recorded t%eir /iit to t%ee p0ace.
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Dhar"a+sha Stupa* Sar'ath

T%e D%a,e6% Stupa and t%e D%ar,ara<i6a tupa at Sarnat% are -e0ie/ed to %a/e -een
-ui0t -) A%o6a and 0ater re-ui0t in t%e =upta period. T%ee tupa contain t%e re0ic of
Budd%a and are t%erefore i,portant p0ace of Budd%it pi0gri,age. Budd%a ga/e %i Hirt
Ser,on in Sarnat% and a0o founded t%e Sang%a or ?rder of :on6 %ere. T%e origina0
D%a,e6% Stupa -ui0t 1it% ,ud or -ric6 i a c)0indrica0 tructure (!.+ ,. %ig%. T%e tone
-ae,ent %a eig%t pro<ecting face 1it% nic%e in t%e,. De0icate0) car/ed 1it%
-eautifu0 @ora0 and geo,etrica0 pattern5 it i -e0ie/ed to %a/e -een put up in t%c =upta
period.
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$IHARAS
$i%ara or ,onaterie contructed 1it% -ric6 or e7ca/ated fro, roc6 are found in
diIerent part of India. Uua00) -ui0t to a et p0an5 t%e) %a/e a %a00 ,eant for
congregationa0 pra)er 1it% a running /eranda% on t%ree ide or an open court)ard
urrounded -) a ro1 of ce00 and a pi00ared /eranda% in front. T%ee ce00 er/ed a
d1e00ing p0ace for t%e ,on6. T%ee ,onatic -ui0ding -ui0t of -ric6 1ere e0f"
contained unit and %ad a C%ait)a %a00 or C%ait)a ,andir attac%ed to a tupa " t%e c%ief
o-<ect of 1or%ip.
So,e of t%e i,portant Budd%it /i%ara are t%oe at A<anta5 E00ora. 8ai65 Bar0e5 Ban%eri5
Bag% and Bada,i. T%e Hina)ana /i%ara found in t%ee p0ace %a/e ,an) intereting
feature 1%ic% diIerentiate t%e, fro, t%e :a%a)ana t)pe in t%e a,e region. T%oug%
p0ain fro, t%e point of /ie1 of arc%itecture5 t%e) are 0arge %a10 1it% ce00 e7ca/ated in
t%e 1a00 on t%ree ide. T%e %a00 %a one or ,ore entrance. T%e ,a00 ce005 eac% 1it% a
door %a/e one or t1o tone p0atfor, to er/e a -ed.
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Roc+,Cut $ihara* Nasi+

T%e e7ca/ation of /i%ara at 8agar<una6onda %o1 0arge rectangu0ar court)ard 1it%
tone"pa/ed centra0 %a00. Around t%e court)ard5 t%e ro1 of ce005 ,a00 and -ig5 ugget
reidence and dining %a00 for ,on6.
T1ent)";/e of t%e roc6"cut ca/e of A<anta are /i%ara and are t%e ;net of ,onaterie.
Hour of t%e /i%ara -e0ong to t%e 2nd centur) BC. Jater5 ot%er ca/e 1ere e7ca/ated
during t%e reign of t%e $a6ata6a ru0er 1%o 1ere t%e conte,porarie of t%e =upta
Ru0er. So,e of t%e ,ot -eautifu0 /i%ara -e0ong to t%i period. T%e ;net of t%e,.
Ca/e 15 of t%e :a%a)ana t)pe conit of a /eranda%5 a %a005 group of ce00 and a
anctuar). It %a a decorated facade. T%e portico i upported -) e7Auiite0) car/ed
pi00ar. T%e co0u,n %a/e a Auare -ae 1it% ;gure of d1arf and e0a-orate0) car/ed
-rac6et and capita0. Be0o1 t%e capita0 i a Auare a-acu 1it% ;ne0) car/ed ,a6ara
,otif. T%e 1a00 and t%e cei0ing of t%e ca/e contain t%e ,ot e7Auiite painting.
BUDDHIST ARCHITECTURE Page 10
T%e /i%ara of E00ora dated (00 AD to &t% centur) AD are of one5 t1o5 and t%ree tore)
and are t%e 0arget of t%e t)pe. T%e) contain cu0ptured ;gure and -e0ong to -ot%
Hina)ana and :a%a)ana Budd%i,.
CHAIT%AS
C%ait)a gri%a or %a00 of 1or%ip 1ere -ui0t a00 o/er t%e countr) eit%er of -ric6 or
e7ca/ated fro, roc6. Ruin of a 0arge nu,-er of tructura0 Budd%it c%ait) gri%a are
found in t%e eatern ditrict of And%ra Prade%5 in /a00e)5 near ri/er and 0a6e. T%e
ruin 0ocated in t%e ditrict of Sri6a6u0a, at Sa0i%unda,5 of $ia%6apatna, at Botturu5
of Det =oda/ari at =untapa00i5 of Bri%na at $i<a)a1ada5 of =untur at 8aga<una6onda
and A,ara/ati -e0ong to t%e !rd centur) BC and 0ater. T%e 0arget -ric6 c%ait)a %a00 1a
e7ca/ated at =untapa00i.
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So,e of t%e ,ot -eautifu0 roc6"cut ca/e are t%oe at A<anta5 E0Iora5 B%a<a5 Bar0e5 Bag%5
8ai6 and Ban%eri. So,e of t%e c%unar and"tone roc6"cut c%ait)a of B%a<a. Bondane.
Bar0e and A<anta5 a00 in :a%ara%tra tate are ear0ier e7ca/ation and -e0ong to t%e ;rt
p%ae or Hina)ana creed of Budd%i, and are i,i0ar to t%e -ric6 and 1ooden tructure
of A%o6an ti,e. So,e of t%e c%ait)a %o1 t%at 1ood %ad -een ued in t%e roo;ng
and entrance arc%e. T%e c%ait)a at B%a<a i a 0ong %a00 1#.&+ ,etre 0ong and ' ,etre
-road 1it% an ape at t%e end. T%e %a00 i di/ided into a centra0 na/e and an ai0e on
eit%er ide @an6ed -) t1o ro1 of pi00ar. T%e roof i /au0ted. T%e roc6"cut tupa in t%e
ape i cro1ned -) a 1ooden %ar,i6a. T%e c%ait)a %a a 0arge arc%ed torana or
entrance 1it% an arc%ed portico.


B%a<a5 Roc6"cut C%ait)a Ha00

Hina)ana roc6 arc%itecture reac%e t%e pea6 of e7ce00ence in t%e p0endid c%ait)a at
Bar0e. An incription in Bar0e ,ention B%utapa0a5 a -an6er to -e t%e founder of t%e
c%ait)a %a00 -ut 0ater c%o0ar identif) %i, 1it% De/a-%uti5 t%e 0at of t%e Sunga ru0er.
T%e c%ait)a %a a dou-0e"tore)ed facade and %a t%ree door1a) in t%e 0o1er part. It
%a an upper ga00er) o/er 1%ic% t%ere i t%e uua0 arc%. T%e 1a00 of t%e /eti-u0e to t%e
c%ait)a %a00 are decorated 1it% cu0ptured ;gure of coup0e. T%e pi00ar eparating t%e
centra0 na/e fro, t%e ai0e %a/e a pot -ae5 an octagona0 %aft5 in/erted 0otu capita0
1it% an a-acu. T%e a-acu %a e7Auiite0) car/ed pair of e0ep%ant 6nee0ing do1n5
eac% 1it% a coup0e in front and caparioned %ore 1it% rider on t%e,. T%e tupa at t%e
ape end i ta00 and c)0indrica0 1it% t1o tier of rai0ing around t%e dru,. It i cro1ned -)
t%e origina0 1ooden c%%atra. T%i i t%e ,ot -eautifu0 of t%e c%ait)a.
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-arle* Chait)a Hall

T%e econd p%ae of Budd%it arc%itecture i ,ar6ed -) t%e :a%a)ana creed of
Budd%i, een in o,e of t%e e7ce00ent roc6"cut c%ait)a at A<anta in Auranga-ad
ditrict of :a%ara%tra e7ca/ated -et1een +t% AD and *t% centur) AD during t%e ru0e of
t%e $a6ata6a5 t%e =upta and t%e Ra%tra6uta.
T%e ca/e 1ere ;rt dico/ered in t%e -eginning of t%e 1*t% centur). T%e ca/e are
e7ca/ated fro, a e,i"circu0ar teep roc6 1it% a trea, @o1ing -e0o15 and 1ere ,eant
for t%e ue of t%e ,on6 1%o pent t%e rain) eaon t%ere in ,editation.
T%e ca/e are at diIerent 0e/e0 and %a/e tair 0eading do1n to t%e trea,. Hi/e of t%e
t%irt) ca/e arc c%ait)a or anctuarie. T%e ear0ier group of t1o ca/ed dated 2nd
centur) BC -e0ong to t%e t)0e of Bondan and 8ai6 ca/e.
T%e c%ait)a %a/e a /au0ted cei0ing 1it% a %uge %ore"%oe %aped 1indo1 or c%ait)a
1indo1 o/er t%e door1a). T%e) are 0arge %a00 di/ided into t%ree5 part " t%e centra0
na/e5 ape and ai0e on eit%er ide eparated -) a ro1 of co0u,n. T%e ide ai0e
continue -e%ind t%e ape for circu,a,-u0ation. At t%e centre of t%e ape i a roc6 tupa
1it% 0arge ;gure of Budd%a5 itting or tanding. A re,ar6a-0e feature of t%ee C%ait)a i
t%e i,itation of 1ood1or6 on roc6. Bea, and rafter 1ere car/ed in t%e roc6 t%oug%
t%e) er/e no purpoe. Hro, t%e un;ni%ed ca/e5 1e get an idea of t%e ,et%od of
e7ca/ation. Starting fro, t%e cei0ing5 t%e) 1or6ed do1n1ard. So0id -0oc6 1ere 0eft to
-e car/ed into pi00ar. After ;ni%ing t%e /eranda%5 t%e) e7ca/ated t%e interior. Too0
ued 1ere t%e pic6"a7e5 c%ie0 and %a,,er.

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Facade* Cave ./* A0a'ta

T%e ,ot perfect of t%i group of c%ait)a gri%a i ca/e 1*. E7ca/ated at t%e end of t%e
+t% centur) AD it i i,i0ar to t%e ot%er c%ait)a in it p0an and ri--ed /au0ted cei0ing
e7cept for it ing0e door1a) and e0a-orate orna,entation. It %a a pi00ared portico in
front 0eading into a court)ard 1it% t%e 1a00 on eit%er ide %ea/i0) cu0ptured 1it%
;gure. T%e interior pi00ar are 1e00 decorated 1it% cu%ion %aped capita0. T%e cor-e0
-rac6et are ric%0) cu0ptured. T%e dru, of t%e centra0 tupa i e0ongated and car/ed.
Pro<ecting fro, t%e dru, i an arc%ed nai6a or nic%e 1it% t%e ;gure of a tanding
Budd%a car/ed in it. T%e rounded do,e of t%e tupa K i ur,ounted -) a %ar,i6a and
t%ree tier of c%%atra5 di,ini%ing in i9e and upported -) ;gure on four ide. ?n top
of t%e c%%atra and touc%ing t%e cei0ing i anot%er ,a00 tupa 1it% a ,iniature %ar,i6a.
T%e facade of t%e ca/e i e7Auiite0) car/ed. T%e c%ait)a"1indo1 %a ;gure of )a6%a
and ric%0) car/ed5 frie9e on eit%er ide. T1o ;gure of tanding Budd%a @an6 t%e
entrance. T%e 1a00 of t%e %a00 and t%e cei0ing of t%e ai0e i ric%0) painted 1it% ;gure
of Budd%a5 @ora0 ,otif5 ani,a0 and -ird.

BUDDHIST ARCHITECTURE Page 1(
#AINTIN&S
Painting 1%ic% %a -een an accepted art ince ear0) ti,e attained %eig%t of
e7ce00ence in =upta period. T%ee e7Auiite painting or freco are to -e een in t%e
ca/e of A<anta. T%e entire urface of t%e ca/e i e7Auiite0) painted and %o1 t%e
%ig% tandard reac%ed in ,ura0 painting.
T%e t%e,e of t%e painting on t%e 1a00 i ,ot0) t%e 0ife of Budd%a and Bod%iatt/a and
t%e Eata6a torie. T%ee topic co/er a continuou narration of e/ent on a00 apect of
%u,an" 0ife fro, -irt% to deat%. E/er) 6ind of %u,an e,otion i depicted. T%e painting
re@ect t%e conte,porar) 0ife of t%e ti,e5 dre5 orna,ent5 cu0ture5 1eapon ued5
e/en t%eir -e0ief are portra)ed 1it% 0ife"0i6e rea0it). T%e painting inc0ude god5 )a6%a5
6innera5 gand%ar/a5 apara and %u,an -eing.
T%e painting %o1 t%eir intene fee0ing for nature and an undertanding of t%e /ariou
apect of a00 0i/ing -eing. T%e cei0ing are co/ered 1it% intricate deign5 @o1er5
p0ant5 -ird5 ani,a05 fruit and peop0e. T%e ground for painting 1a prepared -) pa/ing
it 1it% a roug% 0a)er of eart% and and ,i7ed 1it% /egeta-0e ;-re5 %u6 and gra. A
econd coat of ,ud ,i7ed 1it% ;ne and and ;-rou /egeta-0e ,ateria0 1a app0ied. A
;na0 ;ni% 1a gi/en 1it% a t%in coat of 0i,e"1a%5 g0ue 1a ued a a -inder. ?n t%i
prepared urface5 t%e out0ine 1ere dra1n and t%e pace 1ere ;00ed 1it% t%e reAuired
co0ourG 1it% ,uc% attention gi/en to %ade and tone. Red5 )e00o15 -0ac65 oc%re5 -0ue
and g)pu, 1ere ,ot0) ued.
So,e of t%e reno1ned painting are t%at of t%e Bod%iatt/a %o0ding a 0i0) 3ca/e 145 t%e
painting of Pad,apani5 t%e Apara 1it% a tur-an %eadgear 3ca/e 1&4 t%e painting on
t%e cei0ing 3ca/e 24 and t%e toi0et c%e,e 3ca/e 1&4 conidered to -e a ,aterpiece of
t%e painter.
BUDDHIST ARCHITECTURE Page 1+

STHABAS
St%a,-a or Pi00ar 1it% re0igiou e,-0e, 1ere put up -) piou Budd%it in %onour of
Budd%a or ot%er great Budd%it. Hrag,ent of t%a,-a -e0onging to :aur)an ti,e
and 0ater 1ere found at Sanc%i5 Sarnat%5 A,ara/ati and 8agar<un6onda.
A portion of t%e A%o6a Pi00ar5 1+.2+ ,etre %ig%5 ur,ounted -) t%e fa,ou 0ion"capita0
and a d%ar,a c%a6ra a-o/e t%e %ead of t%e four 0ion tand e,-edded near t%e
D%ar,ara<i6a tupa at Sarnat%. T%e pi00ar -ear t%e edict of A%o6a 1arning t%e ,on6
and nun againt creating a c%i, in t%e ,onatic order. T%e -ro6en frag,ent of t%e
Pi00ar are no1 in t%e :ueu, at Sarnat%. T%e 0ion"capita0 " t%e ,ot
:agni;cent piece of :aur)an cu0pture i 2.!1 ,etre %ig%. It conit of four part " 3i4
a -e00"%aped /ae co/ered 1it% in/erted 0otu peta05 3ii4 a round a-acu5 3iii4 four
eated 0ion and 3i/4 a cro1ning d%ar,ac%a6ra 1it% t%irt) t1o po6e. T%e four 0ion are
-eautifu00) cu0ptured. ?n t%e a-acu are four running ani,a0 " an e0ep%ant5 a -u005 a
%ore and a. 0ion 1it% a ,a00 d%ar,ac%a6ra -et1een t%e,. T%e
d%ar,ac%a6ra ),-o0ie t%e d%ar,a or 0a1G t%e four 0ion facing t%e four direction are
t%e for, of Budd%a or Sa6)ai,%a5 t%e four ga00oping ani,a0 are t%e four Auarter
according to Budd%it -oo6 and t%e four ,a00er d%ar,ac%a6ra tand for t%e
BUDDHIST ARCHITECTURE Page 1#
inter,ediate region and t%e 0otu i t%e ),-o0 of creati/e acti/it). T%e urface of t%ee
pi00ar %a a ,irror 0i6e ;ni%.

Asho+a #illar Lio' Capital* Sar'ath
Anot%er A%o6an Pi00ar of note i t%e one at Jauri)a 8andangar% in Bi%ar. Erected in t%e
!rd centur) BC it i ,ade of %ig%0) po0i%ed C%unar and"tone. Standing *.' ,etre
%ig% it rie fro, t%e ground and %a no -ae tructure.
COANDS TAU&HT
BUDDHIST ARCHITECTURE Page 1&
1,2,34.5
Hont5 Hont i9e and co0our5 -o0d5 ita0ic5 under0ine5 pate pecia05
a0ign,ent of te7t5
St)0e c%ange.
2,2,34.5
Te7t5 %ig%0ig%t5 -u00et5 0ine pacing5 ta-0e of content.
.5,2,34.5
C0ear for,atting5 u-cript5 upercript5 tri6e t%roug%5 %ading.
3.,2,34.5
Inert co/er page5 -0an6 page5 page -rea65 ta-0e.%ide %idden
for,atting ),-o05
C%ange cae5 app0)ing -order
36,2,34.5
Inert picture5 c0ip art5 %eader footer5 %ape5 page no.5 te7t -o75 te7t
1rap5 page 0a)out5 ort.
COANDS USED
C%ange cae5 -u00et5 pate pecia05 %eader5 footer5 page nu,-ering5
te7t 1rap5 picture for,atting5 inert co/er page5 -o0d5 ita0ic5 %ead0ine5
1ord art5 picture t)0ing5 picture for,atting5 uper cript.
Su!"itted to7
Su!"itted !)7
Ar. A,an<eet Baur
Arc%it Sing%

1!#1!

III
rd
Se,5 B.Arc%
BUDDHIST ARCHITECTURE Page 1'