MONTHLY REPORT ON DENGUE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE
A publication of the National Dengue Control Unit
Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka





Public Health Complex, 555/5, Elvitigala Mawatha, Narahenpita, Colombo 05.
Tel : +94(0)112368416 / 7 Fax: +94(0)11 2369893 Email: ndcu2010@yahoo.com
Web : http://www.dengue.health.gov.lk
Vol.01 Issue No 04 August 2014


Use of Bti for Dengue Vector Control in Sri Lanka

Introduction
Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) is a group of
gram-positive spore-forming bacteria used to extract
the active ingredient biological insecticide called Bti.
These bacterial toxins lyse the epithelial cells of the
midgut of certain dipterans including mosquitoes.
This extracted toxin is commercially available in
liquid and granular forms in different formulations
i.e. liquid suspensions, dunks, bits, etc. Application
and half-life of different formulations may vary
according to the area of application and type of water
holding containers. The recommended uses are
permanent water holding containers (which cannot be
eliminated / removed) such as water storage tanks,
barrels, concrete roofs/slabs, roof gutters, etc.

Study in Sri Lanka(Kandy district)
A study on use of Bti for larval control of dengue
vectors was done in 2010 with (imported) liquid
suspension of Bti. Laboratory evaluation of efficacy
in containers has shown percent mortality of Aedes
larvae vary among the same dilution (concentration)
of water (heterogeneity) in different replicates. No
larval mortality was observed when concentration
was 12 times less than (225 ppm) the recommended
dilution. It has been observed the indicated dosage is
not effective against Aedes larvae. Lab evaluation
with large storage tanks (50 l) also has shown similar
results.
Field evaluation of liquid Bti with large water storage
tanks (80 1050 l) has shown 100% mortality in
50% tanks of Aedes larvae with recommended
dilution and evaluation with roof gutters showed
effectiveness (100% mortality) at the dilution level
of 4 times higher than recommended dilution levels.
Large scale interventional study was done in selected
9 high transmission risk GN divisions in which 5 GN
selected to apply Bti in 2,492 households as the
intervention. Out of them 71 houses (2.8 %) had no
place to apply Bti. Analysis of premise indices (PI)
and container indices (CI) showed different results.
The study concludes that liquid Bti human and
environmental safety of application of higher
doses (with small volumes of water) and the
higher cost of application justified on the grounds
when the supply of Temephos 1% SG fails, as an
additional option with the community and
integrated vector management approach is used
for vector control of mosquito borne diseases.

Common Issues
According to WHO recommendations, Bti can be
used in drinking water without any harm. But
unfortunately in Sri Lanka Bti is registered under
registrar of pesticides and according to the
regulations it is not recommended to use in
potable water.
The above study was carried out in semi-urban set
up and still a number of houses had no place to
apply Bti. When it comes to urban areas in
western province the percentage can be much
more and also the most prevalent breeding place is
discarded receptacles where Bti cannot be applied
in this manner. Bti has little or no effect on mature
(4th instar) larvae and pupae as these stages are
not feeding on organic materials in water. It
should be applied well before the occurrence of
outbreak.
The recommended concentration is not sufficient
according to the study. The probable reason might
be whenever the water is rich with plenty of
organic foods for the larvae; the chances of the
larvae feeding on Bti may be low. To overcome
this competition, a higher concentration level is
required.
Although the cost (both direct and indirect) of
applying Bti could be high compared with other
chemical applications environmental friendliness,
non-toxicity and developing no resistance are
advantages.

Ref :Kusumawathie, PHD., Kuluppuarachchi , RP., &
Jayasooriya , GAJSK. (2010). Report on the use of Bacillus
Thuringenesis SH-14(Bt) for Ae. aegypti and Ae.abopictus
(dengue vectors) larval control in MOH Gampola in Kandy
District. Ministry of Health Sri Lanka
Contents Page
1. Use of Bti for Dengue Vector Control in Sri Lanka
2. Entomological Forecast
3. Island wide Entomological Surveillance Summary -2014 July
1
2
2

Comments and contributions for publication in the MRDES Sri Lanka are welcome. Prior approval should be obtained from the NDCU before
publishing data in this publication.
MRDES Sri Lanka - Vol.01 Issue No 04 August 2014
Table 1: Dengue Entomological Surveillance - 2014 July Summary


P
r
o
v
i
n
c
e

D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t

No. of Premises Percentage Positivity by type of containers

I
n
s
p
e
c
t
e
d

F
o
u
n
d

p
o
s
i
t
i
v
e

%

P
o
s
i
t
i
v
e

D
i
s
c
a
r
d
e
d

r
e
c
e
p
t
a
c
l
e
s

W
a
t
e
r

s
t
o
r
a
g
e

c
o
n
t
a
i
n
e
r
s

C
e
m
e
n
t

t
a
n
k
s

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

s
l
a
b

N
a
t
u
r
a
l

A
/
C


&


R

P

&

O

W
e
l
l
s

O
t
h
e
r
s

WP
Colombo
1,603 120 7 43% 6% 1% 0% 13% 2% 5% 0% 30%
Colombo MC
955 46 5 19% 17% 2% 5% 0% 4% 4% 0% 49%
Gampaha 964 74 8 44% 21% 0% 0% 7% 2% 7% 0% 19%
Kalutara
465 34 7 34% 10% 0% 2% 10% 5% 0% 0% 39%
NWP
Kurunegala
1,009 38 4 24% 15% 32% 0% 5% 0% 7% 0% 17%
Puttalam
150 4 3 50% 0% 0% 0% 0% 25% 0% 0% 25%
UP
Monaragala
2,882 78 3 20% 47% 5% 0% 1% 0% 2% 0% 25%
Badulla
643 29 5 3% 65% 19% 0% 0% 10% 0% 0% 3%
CP
Matale
1,274 51 4 38% 0% 38% 1% 2% 7% 2% 0% 12%
Nuwara Eliya
211 7 3 14% 15% 0% 0% 14% 0% 14% 0% 43%
Kandy
3,121 164 5 32% 18% 17% 2% 1% 12% 6% 0% 12%
EP
Batticaloa
300 6 2 17% 0% 16% 0% 0% 17% 0% 50% 0%
Kalmunai
550 6 1 0% 0% 43% 0% 0% 0% 14% 43% 0%
Trincomalee
350 0 0 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Ampara
700 25 4 23% 37% 4% 0% 0% 0% 3% 0% 33%
NCP
Anuradhapura
1,044 30 3 29% 26% 14% 0% 8% 0% 17% 0% 6%
Polonnaruwa
701 7 1 86% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 14% 0% 0%
SGP
Kegalle
1,610 202 13 59% 16% 4% 0% 4% 2% 2% 0% 13%
Rathnapura
2,634 149 6 21% 18% 7% 1% 17% 13% 2% 0% 21%
SP
Galle
121 2 2 50% 50% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Matara
847 98 12 60% 13% 8% 0% 2% 3% 2% 0% 12%
Hambantota
1,391 51 4 14% 41% 22% 3% 0% 2% 10% 0% 8%
NP
Jaffna
700 26 4 19% 46% 19% 0% 0% 0% 8% 0% 8%
Mannar
900 94 10 0% 97% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 3%
Killinochchi 81 1 1 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Vavuniya
551 8 1 25% 25% 6% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 44%
Mullativu 374 5 1 0% 14% 72% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 14%
Sri Lanka 26,131 1355 5 35% 24% 9% 1% 5% 4% 4% 0% 18%
A
d
d
r
e
s
s
:


Address:

Key: This report is based on the weekly returns sent by Entomological Assistants (EAA) to N DCU. P & O- Ponds and Ornamentals; R
Refrigerators ; * No data ; Others- Tyres, Roof gutters and other miscellaneous places (eg. Tube wells, Earth pipes, Water meters, etc)
Entomological Forecast of High-Risk Areas

RDHS MO(O)H
CMC D1,D4
Colombo Kaduwela, Pitakotte
Gampaha Attanagalla(Veyangoda),Wattala
Kalutara Horana. Panadura
Kandy Pathadumbura , Mannikhinna, Gampola
Kurunegala Kurunegala MC, Kurunegala , Mawathagama
Kegalle Galigamuwa, Deraniyagala, Aranayaka,Yatiyantota
Rathnapura Elapatha, Rathnapura PS, Ehaliyagoda
Kalmunai Kalmunai, Ninthavur
NB:
Part of the entomological surveillance data for the
month of July 2014 done by MRI entomology teams
has been omitted due to the incompatibility of the
return with the above format.