N-S

4.1

d
d

DN
D
=
d

Dt
Dt sys
N

CS
CSIII
III
CS
CSII
II
tt

DN sys
Dt

= lim

t 0

dS
dS11
r
nnr

II
II
r

r
VV

III
III
rr
V
rr V
nn
tt++tt

dS
dS33

N sys (t + t ) N sys (t )

2
DN sys
Dt
DN sys
Dt

t CV

CS

r r
V ndS

r r

= d + V ndS
CS
t CV

N
N

DN sys
Dt

CS

r r
V ndS

DN sys
Dt

r r

= d + Vr ndS
CS
t CV

CV CS

r
D
=
+ V
Dt t

DN sys
Dt

r r

= d + V ndS
CS
t CV

4.2

M
DM
=0
Dt

r r
DM
= d + V ndS = 0
CS
Dt
t CV

2
r r

d + V ndS = 0

CS
t CV

t CV
r r
V ndS
CS

CV
CV

CS

r r
V ndS = 0
r r
V ndS = 0
CS

m&

in

= m& out

in

= Qout

r r

d + Vr ndS = 0

CS
t CV

(V A)
r

in

= (Vr A)out

U
U

90 cc(3.5-x/h)
(3.5-x/h)
90

cc

CS

r r
V ndS = 0
Uh

= c (3.5 x / h)dx
h

c=U 3

dh/dt
dh/dt

dh
d = w A

t CV
dt

CS

r r
V ndS

= w A2V2 w A1V1

AA
H
H

11
AA11,,VV11

hh

a
a

w
w

AA22,,VV22
22

2
dh
w A + w A2V2 w AV
1 1 =0
dt

dh A1V1 A2V2
=
dt
A

AA
H
H

11
AA11,,VV11

hh

a
a

w
w

AA22,,VV22
22

k
r
r Dk
F = Dt

r
r
rr r
F = t CV Vd + CS VV ndS

2
r
r
rr r
F = t CV Vd + CS VV ndS
r
F

Vd

t CV

CS

rr r
VV ndS

3
r
rr r
F = VV ndS

CS

r r
Fx = CS uV ndS
r r
Fy = CS vV ndS
r r
Fz = wV ndS
CS

F = (m& V )
F = (m& V )
x

xi out

yi out

F = (m& V )
z

(m& iVxi )in

zi out

(m& iV yi )in

(m& iVzi )in

51

Q00 ,, V
const
Q
V00 ,,

const

V11== V
Q
V
V22 == V
V00

Q11 ,, Q
Q22

AA1 ,,QQ1 ,V
,V
1 1 11

(1)

1-1
1-1

(2)
0-0
0-0

(3)

Fy

rr
FF

AA0 ,,QQ0 ,V
,V
0
0 00

2-2
2-2
AA2 ,,QQ2 ,V
,V
2
2 22

yy

xx

61
(4)

in

= Qout

Q0 = Q1 + Q2

(5) - x
Fx = 0

AA1 ,,QQ1 ,V
,V
1 1 11

1-1
1-1
0-0
0-0

rr
FF

AA0 ,,QQ0 ,V
,V
0
0 00

2-2
2-2
AA2 ,,QQ2 ,V
,V
2
2 22

= (m& iV xi )out (m& iV xi )in

yy

xx

71
V1Q1 V0 cos Q0 V2Q2 = 0
Q0

Q1 = 2 (1 + cos )

Q0
Q2 =
(1 cos )
2

out

0-0
0-0

rr
FF

2-2
2-2

yy

xx

AA2 , Q
, Q,V
,V
2 22 22

Fy = F

1-1
1-1

AA0 , Q
, Q ,V
,V
0 00 00

- y

= m& iV yi

AA1 , Q
, Q,V
,V
1 11 11

m& iV yi

in

F = V0 Q0 sin

82

A11 == 0.01m
A
0.01m22 ,, A
A22 == 0.0025m
0.0025m22 ,, V
V22 ==
16m/s

999kg/m 33
ppaa ==
16m/s

999kg/m
pp11 == 221kPa
221kPa
101kPa

101kPa

(1)
(2)
(3)
RxRy
P

VV1 ,,pp1 ,,AA1

1 1 1

PP== pp11AA11

RRxx
RRyy

yy

VV2 ,,ppa ,,AA2

2 a
2

xx

92
(4)

in

= Qout

V1 A1 = V2 A2

A2
V1 = V2
= 4(m/s )
A1

VV1 ,,pp1 ,,AA1

1 1 1

PP== pp11AA11

RRxx
RRyy

yy

VV2 ,,ppa ,,AA2

2 a
2

xx

92
(5) - x
Fx = Rx + P = (m& iV xi )out (m& iV xi )in

R x = p1m A1 V A1
2
1

VV1 ,,pp1 ,,AA1

1 1 1

PP== pp11AA11

= 1.36 10 (N )
3

- y
Fy = R y

RRxx
RRyy

yy

VV2 ,,ppa ,,AA2

2 a
2

xx

102
- y

Fy = R y = m& iV yi

out

m& iV yi

in

VV1 ,,pp1 ,,AA1

1 1 1

R y = V A2
2
2

= 0.639 103 (N )

PP== pp11AA11

RRxx
RRyy

yy

VV2 ,,ppa ,,AA2

2 a
2

xx

11

12

m&

in

= m& out

r
r
F = m& iVi

out

r
m& iVi

in

13

14

CV
CVCV

13
r
rr r
r

Vr d + VrVr ndS = F

CS
t CV

r
r
F = m& iVri
r r r
Vr = V VCV

out

r
m& iVri

in

14

V == 30
U == 10
,
V
30 m/s
m/sU
10 m/s
m/s,

A11== 0.003
Rxx
A
0.003 m
m22
R
R
Ryy

(1)
yy

(2)

r
r r
Vr = V U

(3)

RxRy

o
60
60o

22
22

VV 1
1

xx

11

U
U

AA11

RRxx
RRyy

15
(4)

yy

(5) x

VV 1
1

xx

11

U
U

AA11

RRxx

Fx = R x
=

out

RRyy

r
m& iVri

in

Rx = A2Vr22 cos 60o A1Vr21

22
22

Qr 1 = Qr 2

r
m& iVri

o
60
60o

16
Rx = (V U ) A1 (cos 1) = 599(N )
2

y
yy

Fy = R y
R y = Vr22 A2 sin 60o
2
(
)
R y = V U A1 sin

= 1.04 103 (N )

o
60
60o

22
22

VV 1
1

xx

11

U
U

AA11

RRxx
RRyy

H
r
r DH
T = Dt

r
r r
r r r r
T = t CV r Vd + CS r VV ndS

2
r r r
r
r r
T = r Fs + r gd + T

r
r r r r
T = r VV ndS
CS

r
r r r r
T = m& r2 V2 r1 V1

3
z

T = m& (r2V 2 r1V 1 )

V2
V1 r2
r1

p1
T

V 1 ,V 2

p2

r1 , r2

E
DE &
= Q + W&
Dt

r r

Q& + W& = ed + eV ndS

CS
t CV

4.3

u
z

z
x

(u )
xyz
x

2
yz
(v )
xyz
y

(w )
xyz
z

xyz
t

(u ) (v ) (w )
+
+
+
=0
t
x
y
z

(u ) (v ) (w )
+
+
=0
x
y
z

u v w
+
+
=0
x y z

x
x

u == xx22 ++ yyy
y == 00v
v == 00
yy
u

v
v

u v
+
=0
x y
v = 2 xy + C
v = 2 xy

v
u
=
= 2 x
y
x

y = 0v = 0

u == tt ++ 33x
x
u
vv == 22tt -- 22yw
yw == 44y
y ++ zz -- 33

u
v
w
= 3,
= 2,
=1
x
y
z

u v w
+
+
= 3 2 +1 0
x y z

4.4
p = p( x , y , z )

n
r
n

n
A


n x
xx

xy

xz

xx xy xz

yx yy yz

zx zy zz

z
x

y
z

2
yx +

yx y
y 2

zx

zx z
z 2

xx x
xx
x 2

xx +

xx x
x 2

zx +

zx z
z

yx y
yx
y 2

xx yx zx
xyz
Fsx =
+
+
y
z
x
xy yy zy
xyz
Fsy =
+
+
y
z
x
xz yz zz
xyz
Fsz =
+
+
y
z
x

4.5 Navier-Stokes

xx yx zx
u
u
u
u

( + u + v + w ) = g x +
+
+
t
x
y
z
x
y
z
xy yy zy
v
v
v
v

+
+
( + u + v + w ) = g y +
t
x
y
z
x
y
z
xz yz zz
w
w
w
w

( + u + v + w ) = g z +
+
+
t
x
y
z
x
y
z

Stokes

xx = yy = zz = p

u
2
xx = p + 2
V
x 3
r

v
yy = p + 2 2 V
y 3
r

w
2 V
zz = p + 2
z 3

1
p p = xx + yy + zz
3

xy = yx = ( v + u )
x

yz = zy = ( w + v )
y

zx = xz = ( u + w )
z

Navier-Stokes1
()

r u v w u
Du
p u 1
= g x + 2 V + + +
+
x x x 3
Dt
y y x z x z

r w v
Dv
p u v v 1
= g y + + + 2 V +
+

y x y x y z 3

z
Dt
z
y

r
Dw
p w u w v w 1
= gz +
+ +
+ + 2
V
Dt
z x x z y y z z z 3

Navier-Stokes2
= const
2u 2u 2u
Du
1 p
= gx
+ 2 + 2 + 2
z
x
Dt
x y
2v 2v 2v
1 p
Dv
= gy
+ 2 + 2 + 2
y
Dt
x y z
2w 2w 2w
1 p
Dw
= gz
+ 2 + 2 + 2
y
z
z
Dt
x

Navier-Stokes3
= 0
Du
1 p
= gx
Dt
x
Dv
1 p
= gy
Dt
y
1 p
Dw
= gz
z
Dt

Navier-Stokes4

+ ( V ) = 0
t

r
r
r
DV
2

= g p + V
Dt

uvwp


t = 0

r
r
V = V

r r

= d + V n dS
CS
Dt
t CV

DN sys

r r

d + V ndS = 0

CS
t CV

CS

r r
V ndS = 0

r r
V ndS = 0
CS

m&

in

= m& out

in

= Qout

r
r
rr r
F = t CV Vd + CS VV ndS

r
rr r
F = VV ndS
CS

r
r
F = m& iVi

out

r
m& iVi

in

DN sys
Dt

r r

= d + Vr ndS
CS
t CV

r r

d + Vr ndS = 0

CS
t CV

r
r r r

Vr d + VrVr ndS = 0

CS
t CV

(u ) (v ) (w )
+
+
+
=0
t
x
y
z

(u ) (v ) (w )
+
+
=0
x
y
z

u v w
+
+
=0
x y z

u
2
xx = p + 2
V
x 3
r

v
yy = p + 2 2 V
xy = yx = ( v + u )
y 3
x y
r

w
zz = p + 2
2 V
yz = zy = ( w + v )
z 3
y z

zx = xz = ( u + w )
z

10
N-S

r
r
DV

= g p
Dt

r
r
r
DV
2

= g p + V
Dt


P.5354
P.5354
47
4 11
4 12
4 14
4 25
4 292