Anorexia

Y
Bulimia
PSICOLOGA 2007
INTEGRANTES:
ANDRADA !ariana
PIORNO Romina
INTRODUCCIN
"na mira#a al Si$lo %% a&re el in'erro$an'e #e ()mo *ue +o,i&le -ue ,e *uera
(on,oli#an#o en mu(.a, ,o(ie#a#e, /a-uella, en la, -ue la (omi#a e,
a&un#an'e0 un mo#elo alimen'ario 1 e,'2'i(o -ue .a +ermi'i#o reem+la3ar el
mie#o al .am&re -ue a'ra4ie,a (a,i 'o#a la .i,'oria #e la .umani#a# +or el
'emor al ex(e,o a la a&un#an(ia5 E, #e(ir (omo ,e *ueron a*irman#o (ier'o,
+a'rone, #e (on,umo alimen'ario 1 #e'ermina#o, e,'6n#are, #e &elle3a -ue
.an +o,i&ili'a#o una in(i#en(ia mu1 al'a 1 en (on,'an'e a,(en,o #e a*e((ione,
-ue .u&ieran ,i#o im+en,a#a, en o'ro, momen'o, #e la .i,'oria: a-uella,
+a'olo$7a, (u1o ,u,'ra'o (om8n e, el mie#o m)r&i#o a la $or#ura5
Re,ul'a +ara#)9i(a la im+or'an(ia al(an3a#a +or en*erme#a#e, (omo la
anorexia ner4io,a 1 la &ulimia :la +rimera ,e (ara('eri3a +or la (on'inua
&8,-ue#a #e la #el$a#e3 me#ian'e #ie'a, laxan'e, 4)mi'o, au'oin#u(i#o, e'(;
la ,e$un#a (om+ar'e (on la an'erior el 'error a la $or#ura +ero ,e #i*eren(ia en
la ur$en(ia +or la ,o&realimen'a(i)n lo -ue ,e (ono(e 4ul$armen'e (omo
<a'ra()n=> -ue ,ome'en a $ran (an'i#a# #e a#ole,(en'e, 1 mu9ere, 9)4ene, a la
exi$en(ia #e no (omer +u#ien#o .a(erlo (uan#o $ran +ar'e #e la .umani#a#
/i$ual -ue .a(e ,i$lo,0 e, a3o'a#a +or el .am&re 1 la mor&imor'ali#a# +or
inani(i)n (on'in8a ,ien#o uno #e lo, #2&i'o, m6, 4er$on3an'e, #e nue,'ra
(i4ili3a(i)n5
Anorexia 1 &ulimia /en'i#a#e, $ra4e, +or el rie,$o 4i'al -ue im+li(an0 ,on
+a'olo$7a, #e la alimen'a(i)n -ue ,e +ue#en (on,i#erar (omo +ara#i$m6'i(a,
#e una ,o(ie#a# 1 una 2+o(a -ue +ro+i(ia el (on'ra#i('orio #i,(ur,o #el
(on,umi,mo ilimi'a#o 1 al mi,mo 'iem+o la +ri4a(i)n a(or#e (on la,
exi$en(ia, #e (ier'o e,-uema (or+oral le$7'imo: el #e la +rima(7a a&,olu'a #e
la #el$a#e3:Anorexia 1 &ulimia: el (or,2 #e la au'o#i,(i+lina Enri-ue
?alien'e>5
El (ul'o al (uer+o ,e .a (on,'i'ui#o en &lan(o #e '2(ni(a, 1 norma, -ue
'ien#en a (on*i$urar im6$ene, i#eali3a#a, #e ,alu# 1 &elle3a5 Pero a#em6,
(omo ,e@alan Toro 1 ?ilar#ell :ABC7:AAC>: <Lo (ier'o e, -ue 'o#o a(ae(e (omo
,i lo, (ri'erio, ,o(io(ul'urale, em+u9aran en un ,en'i#o 1 la &iolo$7a lo .i(iera
en o'ro=5 E, #e(ir el aumen'o +ro$re,i4o #e +e,o e, un *en)meno #i*un#i#o
#en'ro #el mun#o #e,arrolla#o (on,e(uen(ia #el in(remen'o #e la 'alla la,
nue4a, (on#i(ione, nu'ri(ionale, 1 ,ani'aria e'(5 Y 9u,'amen'e en're la
(on,'an'e +re,i)n .a(ia el a#el$a3amien'o 1 la (om+ro&a#a 'en#en(ia al
in(remen'o #e +e,o en la in'er,e((i)n #e e,a, (oor#ena#a, ,e ,i'8an la,
mu9ere, 1 en e,+e(ial la, m6, 9)4ene,5
La *o'o$ra*7a (omer(ial :re4i,'a, (a'6lo$o, e'(5> la +u&li(i#a# #e lo, me#io,
lo, mani-u7e, #e la, (a,a, #e mo#a, e'(5 +ro+onen 4i,ione, #e +er*e((i)n
-ue a la manera #e un e,+e9i,mo ,iem+re ,or'ean la +o,i&ili#a# #e
al(an3arla,5 Pero al mi,mo 'iem+o #e,nu#an re+e'i#amen'e la,
im+er*e((ione, -ue ,ur$en #e la, (om+ara(ione, #i*eren(ia, -ue ,on
+er(i&i#a, en '2rmino, #e (ul+a&ili#a# +or -uiene, ,ien'en -ue no +ue#en
a((e#er a lo -ue (a#a ima$en (ele&ra in(an,a&lemen'e: la, 4en'a9a,
(om+ara'i4a, #e la +er'enen(ia al (7r(ulo #e la &elle3a5
El (uer+o en 'an'o e, lo #ire('amen'e a((e,i&le (omo *orma #e +er(e+(i)n #e
una <+er,ona= e, (on,i#era#o ,o(ialmen'e (omo la ex+re,i)n m6, a#e(ua#a
#e la <na'urale3a= #el in#i4i#uo5 E,'o no, lle4a a re+lan'earno, ,eriamen'e
nue,'ra, (on(e+(ione, ,o&re el +ro+io (uer+o 1 ,u 4alor real ,o&re nue,'ro,
i#eale, #e &elle3a 1 ,o&re la re,+on,a&ili#a# #e a-uello, -ue in#u(en a la
*orma(i)n 1 mo#i*i(a(i)n #e #e'ermina#o, +a'rone, e,'2'i(o, en *un(i)n #e
o&9e'i4o, e(on)mi(o, 1 (on'rario, a la ,alu#5
E, im+or'an'e a.on#ar a(er(a #e lo, mu(.o, 1 4aria#o, rie,$o, a,o(ia#o, al
(ul'o #e la #el$a#e3 -ue 'iene a lo, a#ole,(en'e, (omo +rin(i+ale, 47('ima, #e
e,'o, 'ra,'orno,5
DESARROLLO
ANOREXIA
Lo, +rimero, (a,o, #a'an #e la e#a# me#ia #on#e ,e #e,(ri&e (omo una
'ran,*orma(i)n #e la +er,ona -ue la +a#e(e (ara('eri36n#o,e +or una +2r#i#a
r6+i#a #e +e,o a +ar'ir #e una #ie'a #e .am&re au'o im+ue,'a5
El nom&re #e e,'a en*erme#a# *ue #a#o +or Sir Dilliam Gull :AC7E> 1 #e,'a()
en're o'ra, (o,a, la a+ari(i)n en la a#ole,(en(ia +re#ominan#o en la,
mu9ere, e,'u#i) ,u, e*e('o, ,o&re lo, ,i$no, 4i'ale, 1 $ra#o #e in'er4en(i)n
+or +ar'e #el +ro*e,ional e,+e(iali3a#o5
En ABE0 re,ur$en la, 'eor7a, #e la (a,uali#a# +,i(ol)$i(a in*luen(ia#a, +or
(on(e+'o, +,i(oanal7'i(o, -ue a,e$ura&an -ue la anorexia ner4io,a
,im&oli3a&a el re+u#io a la ,exuali#a#5
En lo, 8l'imo, a@o, e,'a en*erme#a# *ue e,'u#ia#a +or Fil#e Bru(. 1 re(al(a
el 'ra,'orno #e la ima$en (or+oral 1 un #e*e('o en la in'er+re'a(i)n #e lo,
e,'7mulo, (or+orale, 'ale, (omo lo, ,i$no, #e ne(e,i#a# nu'ri(ional5 De,(ri&e
en la, +a(ien'e, <una ,en,a(i)n +arali3an'e #e ine*i(a(ia= *al'a #e au'onom7a
1 #e no ,a'i,*a(er la, ex+e('a'i4a, #e ,u, +a#re,5
O'ro, au'ore, ,e@alaron -ue (ier'o 'i+o #e or$ani3a(i)n 1 *un(ionamien'o
*amiliar (on#u(e al #e,arrollo 1 man'enimien'o #e e,'e 'ra,'orno #on#e lo,
miem&ro, #e la *amilia e,'an en(erra#o, en +a'rone, #e (on#u('a *amiliar en
lo, (uale, lo, ,7n'oma, #el en*ermo #e,em+e@an un rol (en'ra#o en la
e4i'a(i)n #el (on*li('o 1 el man'enimien'o, #el e-uili&rio *amiliar5
Se$8n Cri,+ la e4i'a(i)n #e alimen'o, (on .i#ra'o, #e (ar&ono 1 la
(on,i$uien'e +2r#i#a #e +e,o lle4an a #e,rre$ulari3ar la men,'rua(i)n +or
+ar'e #el ,i,'ema ner4io,o (en'ral (on e,'o ,e lle4a a una re$re,i)n -ue
#e(lina lo, (on*li('o, #el (re(imien'o la in#e+en#en(ia +er,onal 1 la
,exuali#a#5
Guiene, ,u*ren e,'e #e,or#en alimen'ario 'ienen *al,a +er(e+(i)n #e ,u,
(uer+o, (reen 'ener un ,o&re+e,o a +en,ar #e -ue ,u (uer+o e, e,'6n#ar o
in(lu,o in*erior5 Como (on,e(uen(ia a+ena, (omen 1 a,7 ,u +e,o ,e re#u(e
a8n m6,5 !u(.a, +re,en'an (on#u('a, 'ale, (omo +ro4o(ar 4)mi'o, in$erir
laxan'e, o #iur2'i(o, o reali3ar e9er(i(io *7,i(o in'en,o5 Cuan#o la, re,er4a, #e
$ra,a, #e,(ien#en +or #e&a9o #e un +un'o (r7'i(o la, mu9ere, -ue +a#e(en
anorexia +ue#en in(lu,o #e9ar #e men,'ruar5 Lo, (a,o, $ra4e, ,uelen re-uerir
.o,+i'ali3a(i)n 1 alimen'a(i)n in'ra4eno,a -ue +ue#e +re4enir la muer'e
,8&i'a +or *alla (ar#7a(a #e&i#o al #e,&alan(e mineral -ue +ro4o(a e,'e
(om+or'amien'o5
La anorexia ner4io,a no ,e +ue#e (om+ren#er a'en#ien#o ex(lu,i4amen'e a la
+a'olo$7a neuroen#o(rina ni al ,u+ue,'o (on*li('o *amiliar ni al 'ra,'orno #e la
+er,onali#a# ni a rela(ione, 4i4i#a, en una +rimera 2+o(a #e 4i#a -ue na#ie
.a o&,er4a#o ,ino in'en'an#o re(on,'ruir la, #i,'or,ione, #el (a,o5 La,
mani*e,'a(ione, (l7ni(a, ,on la re,ul'an'e #e la exi,'en(ia #e m8l'i+le, *a('ore,
+re#ominan'e, 1 ,u in'era((i)n (on la (a+a(i#a# #el in#i4i#uo +ara .a(er
*ren'e a la, #eman#a, en un momen'o #a#o5
"n *a('or im+or'an'e 'iene -ue 4er (on la, #i*i(ul'a#e, +ara el *un(ionamien'o
au')nomo +ara e,'a&le(er la i#en'i#a# 1 a((e#er a la ,e+ara(i)n5 O'ro *a('or
im+or'an'e e, el 'ra,'orno #e la au'o +er(e+(i)n #el 'ama@o (or+oral 1 #e lo,
e,'a#o, a*e('i4o, in'erno, 1 4i,(erale, +ero no e, #emo,'ra&le +or-ue no ,e
+ue#e e,'a&le(er ,i e,'o, 'ra,'orno, ,on +ar'e #e una +re#i,+o,i(i)n o una
,e(uela #e la en*erme#a#5
Generalmen'e la +er,ona 'iene un ni4el #e in'eli$en(ia en're normal 1 al'o
+ero lo -ue #e'ermina en el ren#imien'o #e e,'o, +a(ien'e, e, el $ra#o #e
ex+e('a'i4a ex'erna -ue re(i&en; en la me#i#a en -ue re,'rin$en ,i'ua(ione,
,o(iale, re,'rin$en 'am&i2n al'erna'i4a, #e (on*irma(i)n #e au'o e,'ima 1 e,
+or e,'o -ue el #e,em+e@o a(a#2mi(o ,e ,o&re4alori3a a ex+en,a, #el
#e,em+e@o en o'ra, area,5
Lo, 'i+o, #e +er,onali#a# #el anor2xi(o ,on 4aria&le, 1 #en'ro #e e,'a
#i4er,i#a# ,e #e,'a(an al$uno, ra,$o,: $ran ne(e,i#a# #e a+ro&a(i)n ex'erna
'en#en(ia a la (on*ormi#a# *al'a #e re+ue,'a a la, ne(e,i#a#e, in'erna,
+er*e((ioni,mo 1 e,(ru+ulo,i#a# e,'a, (uali#a#e, #an (uen'a #e in#i4i#uo,
(on ex+e('a'i4a, +er,onale, mu1 al'a, 1 $ran ne(e,i#a# #e (om+la(er 1
a(omo#ar,e a lo, #e,eo, #e lo, o'ro, a *in #e a*ian3ar una au'oe,'ima
4ulnera&le5
Con re,+e('o a la +a'olo$7a *amiliar ,e .a&la #e +a#re, ,o&re+ro'e('ore, mu1
am&i(io,o, +reo(u+a#o, +or el 2xi'o 1 la a+arien(ia ex'erna5
El a$lu'inamien'o ,e re*iere a una *orma +ar'i(ular #e +roximi#a# e in'en,i#a#
-ue .a(e -ue (ual-uier (am&io re+er(u'a a lo lar$o #e 'o#o el ,i,'ema5 La
+er(e+(i)n #e ,7 mi,mo 1 #e lo, o'ro, miem&ro, #e la *amilia e,'6 +o&remen'e
#i*eren(ia#a no .a1 e,+a(io 4i'al o e, #i*u,o 1 *re(uen'emen'e el in#i4i#uo e,
u,ur+a#o5 An'e la au,en(ia #e un ,i,'ema +aren'al e*i(a3 1 (laramen'e
#e*ini#o e, *re(uen'e -ue lo, +a#re, 'en$an me'a, #i*eren'e, (on re,+e('o a
,u, .i9o,5
La ,o&re+ro'e((i)n ,e #a en la, *amilia, #on#e ,u, in'e$ran'e, ,on
e,+e(ialmen'e a$u#o, en la #e'e((i)n #e ,e@ale, #e e,'r2, en ,u, -ueri#o,5 La
,o&re+ro'e((i)n re'ar#a el #e,arrollo #e la au'onomia 1 &uen #e,em+e@o #e
lo, .i9o, e, *re(uen'e -ue ,e in.i&an la, a('i4i#a#e, *uera #el 6m&i'o #el
.o$ar5
Son r7$i#o, o ,ea ,e re,i,'en a reali3ar lo, (am&io, ne(e,ario, -ue im+one el
#e,arrollo o+eran (omo un ,i,'ema (erra#o ne$6n#o,e a mo#i*i(ar ,u, +au'a,
#e in'era((i)n an'e (ri,i, e4olu'i4a, normale, 'ale, (omo la en'ra#a #e lo,
.i9o, a la a#ole,(en(ia5 Para una *amilia -ue ,ien'e amena3a#a ,u in'e$ri#a#
+or la, exi$en(ia, #e au'onom7a -ue exi$e el me#io ,o(ial (uan#o lo, .i9o,
en'ran en la a#ole,(en(ia nie$an (ual-uier ne(e,i#a# #e (am&io en la *amilia5
La (om&ina(i)n #el a$lu'inamien'o (on la ,o&re+ro'e((i)n 1 la ri$i#e3 'raen
(omo (on,e(uen(ia una &a9a 'oleran(ia al e,'r2,5 Lo, +ro&lema, -ue#an ,in
re,ol4er +re,en'an#o una amena3a (on,'an'e -ue a('i4a una 1 o'ra 4e3 lo,
(ir(ui'o, #e e4i'a(ion #el ,i,'ema5
To#o, lo, anor2xi(o, (oin(i#en en -ue la #el$a#e3 e, *un#amen'al +ara ,u
,en,a(i)n #e &iene,'ar 1 ,u au'oe,'ima (omien3a a ,er re$ula#a +or un ,i,'ema
#e 4alore, -ue 'iene (omo e9e el +e,o5
La in'er4en(i)n #e&e ,er +re(o3 1a -ue lo, e*e('o, #e la inani(i)n a$ra4an el
(ua#ro #e,#e el +un'o #e 4i,'a or$6ni(o 1 +,i(ol)$i(o; #e&e ,er in'e$ral
a&or#a#a +or me#i(o 1 'era+eu'a *amiliar -ue 'ra&a9en en (on9un'o
,oli#amen'e (on,'i'ui#o 1 #e&e ,er e,+e(iali3a#a5
En AB70 Ru,,ell e,'a&le(e lo, ,i$uien'e, (ri'erio, -ue +ermi'en .a(er el
#ia$n),'i(o #e la en*erme#a#:
A5 la (on#u('a #el en*ermo lle4a a una +2r#i#a #e +e,o +ronun(ia#a
25 .a1 un 'ra,'orno .ormonal -ue ,e mani*ie,'a +or la in'erru+(i)n #e la
men,'rua(i)n en la, mu9ere, 1 la +2r#i#a #el a+e'i'o ,exual en lo,
4arone,5
H5 .a1 una +,i(o+a'olo$7a (ara('eri3a#a +or un 'emor en*ermi3o a
en$or#ar5
Cuan#o ,e .a(e +re,en'e un in'en,o 'emor a en$or#ar 1 la +er,ona 'eme +er#er
el (on'rol ,o&re ,u in$e,'a lue$o #e e,'ar a #ie'a 1 a +e,ar #e ,u e4i#en'e
#el$a#e3 la ex+li(a(i)n m2#i(a o +,i(ol)$i(a m6, e4i#en'e e, la anorexia
ner4io,a5
La *orma $eneral #e +re,en'a(i)n #e la, +er,ona, -ue +a#e(en la en*erme#a#
e, (on mu(.a ro+a am+lia 1 ,u+er+ue,'a lo (ual #i,imula ,u #el$a#e3 1
,u+erar la ,en,a(i)n (on,'an'e #e *rio5 E, *re(uen'e -ue #e9en (aer el (a&ello
,o&re el ro,'ro +ara o(ul'ar la +rominen(ia #e lo, +)mulo,5 Tienen una
in(re7&le .a&ili#a# +ara #i,imular la #e,nu'ri(i)n5
A#em6, la +iel ,uele e,'ar ,e(a 6,+era 1 *r7a a 4e(e, (u&ier'a #e un &ello *ino
1 o,(uro m6, a&un#an'e #e lo normal -ue +ue#e lle$ar a (u&rir 'o#o el
(uer+o5 Pue#en +re,en'ar,e .emorra$ia, +un'i*orme, en la +iel e#ema, en la,
+ierna, 1 la, +alma, +ue#en +re,en'ar (olor amarillen'o5 Son *re(uen'e, la
#i,minu(i)n #e la *re(uen(ia (ar#7a(a 1 la .i+o'en,i)n ar'erial5 Lo, #ien'e,
+re,en'an al'era(ione, en el e,mal'e (uan#o la, +a(ien'e, 'ien#en a 4omi'ar5
Lo, nu#illo, #e la, mano, +ue#en +re,en'ar le,ione, (au,a#a, +or el ro(e #e
lo, #ien'e, al in'ro#u(ir la mano +ara +ro4o(ar,e el 4)mi'o5
En a-uello, en -ue la en*erme#a# ,e ini(ia an'e, #e .a&er (om+le'a#o el
#e,arrollo +u&eral e, *re(uen'e en(on'rar &a9a e,'a'ura5
O'ro ,7n'oma #e la en*erme#a# -ue e, +o(o *re(uen'e +ero -ue ,uele
+re,en'ar,e e, la (ialorrea :&a&eo>5
BULIMIA
Se (ara('eri3a +or al'ernar +erio#o, #e re,'ri((i)n alimen'aria (on e+i,o#io,
#e in$e,'a a&un#an'e ,e$ui#o +or 4)mi'o, au'oin#u(i#o, 1 +or el u,o #e
laxan'e, 1Io #iur2'i(o,5 E,'o, e+i,o#io, #e ,o&realimen'a(i)n #e,(on'rola#a
,uele #enominar,e: a'ra()n5 La +re,en(ia #e e,'o, e, 9u,'amen'e lo -ue #e*ine
la en*erme#a#5
Exi,'en al$una, ,i'ua(ione, emo(ionale, ,o(iale, 1 (l7ni(a, en la, -ue ,e
+ro#u(en e+i,o#io, #e in$e,'a exa$era#a 1 -ue no ,e 'ra'an #e &ulimia5 Por
e9em+lo *ren'e al e,'r2, .a1 mu(.a, +er,ona, -ue in$ieren m6, #e lo .a&i'ual5
E, *re(uen'e 'am&i2n en a#ole,(en'e, en 2+o(a, #e examene, +ero la
#i*eren(ia (on la &ulimia ra#i(a en -ue la in$e,'a 4uel4e a lo normal +a,a#o el
+er7o#o #e exi$en(ia5
Al$una, ,i'ua(ione, *i,iol)$i(a, (omo el #e,arrollo +u&eral e,+e(ialmen'e en
lo, 4arone, +ue#e $enerar a,om&ro +or la, $ran#e, in$e,'a, -ue na'uralmen'e
'ienen lu$ar5
La (au,a #e e,'a a*e((i)n (on'in8a ,ien#o un eni$ma5 En la in'era((i)n #e
*en)meno, &iol)$i(o, +,i(ol)$i(o, 1 ,o(io0(ul'urale, ra#i(a +ro&a&lemen'e la
e'iolo$7a 1 lo, *a('ore, #e man'enimien'o #e la &ulimia5
Gran n8mero #e &ul7mi(o, .an (omen3a#o ,u en*erme#a# ,i$uien#o
ina#e(ua#amen'e una #ie'a +ara &a9ar #e +e,o5 Re,ul'a in#i,(u'i&le la +re,i)n
,o(ial #e lo, 8l'imo, a@o, +or exal'ar una ,ilue'a #el$a#a5 E, real -ue #e,#e
.a(e 4ario, a@o, ,e a,o(ia la ima$en #el$a#a 1 a8n #e,nu'ri#a (on mo#elo,
exi'o,o, #e #i*eren'e, 'i+o,5 Lo, me#io, #e #i*u,i)n (ine 'ele4i,i)n re4i,'a,
mue,'ran im6$ene, #e lo -ue #e&e ,er (on,i#era#o <&ello=5 Simul'6neamen'e
o*re(en #ie'a, 4aria#a, (on +rome,a, m6$i(a, #e a#-uirir ,ilue'a, a'ra('i4a, en
+o(o 'iem+o5 La, mu9ere, ,uelen +er(i&ir,e o&e,a, ,in ,erlo (on mu(.a m6,
*re(uen(ia -ue lo, 4arone,5 El e9er(i(io *7,i(o 'am&i2n e, u'ili3a#o +ara
o&'ener la *i$ura -ue la ,o(ie#a# +ro+one5 Lo, .om&re, en $eneral reali3an
#e+or'e, +or #i4er,i)n +ara me9orar ,u ,alu# +ara +re4enir la en*erme#a#
(ar#io4a,(ular5 La mu9er en (am&io re(urre a lo, e9er(i(io, (on la 8ni(a
*inali#a# #e +er#er +e,o5 E,'a #i*eren(ia #e a('i'u# en're lo, #o, ,exo, J'en#r6
al$una in*luen(ia en la ma1or in(i#en(ia #e lo, #e,)r#ene, alimen'ario, en la,
mu9ere,K
Cuan#o el or$ani,mo e, ,ome'i#o a #ie'a, .i+o(al)ri(a, (on,er4a (alor7a,
me9oran#o ,u e*i(ien(ia5 Cuan'o m6, 'iem+o ,ome'i#o a #ie'a m6, ,e re,i,'e
el or$ani,mo a +er#er +e,o5 Cuan#o ,e re+i'en (i(lo, #e #ie'a, 1 no #ie'a, el
or$ani,mo ,e 4e m6, a*e('a#o 1 ,e #i*i(ul'a lo$rar el #e,(en,o #e +e,o
#e,ea#o5 E,'o (on'ri&u1e a +er+e'uar el (i(lo #e lo, +a(ien'e, &ul7mi(o,5
?ario, au'ore, .an ,u$eri#o -ue .a(er #ie'a (on#u(e a lo, a'ra(one,5 Con
re,+e('o a 2,'o, e, '7+i(o -ue ,ean ,e(re'o, (on $ran 4er$Len3a #e +ar'e #el
+a(ien'e ,i e, #e,(u&ier'o5 La (omi#a e, 'ra$a#a r6+i#amen'e ,in #ar 'iem+o a
,a&orearla5 El #e,en(a#enan'e #el a'ra()n ,uele ,er el .am&re5 El a'ra()n ,e
$enerali3a (omo re(ur,o +ara ali4iar el male,'ar emo(ional -ue +ue#e 'ener
#i,'in'o, or7$ene,: #e,#e el a&urrimien'o a la #e+re,i)n +a,an#o +or la
an,ie#a# 1 el eno9o5 Lue$o #e 2,'e la +er,ona ,ien'e (ul+a 1 ,e a'ormen'a +or
la ,en,a(i)n #e +2r#i#a #e (on'rol5 El m2'o#o #e +ur$a e,+e(7*i(o +ue#e 4ariar
a lo lar$o #el 'iem+o ,ien#o lo, m6, (omune, lo, 4)mi'o, lo, #iur2'i(o, 1
lo, laxan'e,5
O'ra (au,a e, la 'en#en(ia al (on'a$io ,o(ial; ,e .a 4i,'o en're la, (om+a@era,
#e la uni4er,i#a# -ue al *inali3ar un a@o a(a#2mi(o la *re(uen(ia #e e,'o,
a'ra(one, en una alumna 'en7a (orrela(i)n #ire('a (on la #e ,u ami$a m6,
(er(ana5 Pare(e ,er una (on#u('a (o+ia#a a#-uiri#a a,7 (omo o'ra, (on#u('a,
-ue e,'6n &a9o e,'ri('o (on'rol ,o(ial5
En lo, &ul7mi(o, la in$e,'a no 'en#r7a (omo (on,e(uen(ia una #i,minu(i)n #el
a+e'i'o (omo o(urre en lo, ,u9e'o, normale, ,ino -ue ,er7a ,e$ui#a +or una
ma1or an,ia #e (omer5
Lo, ra,$o, #e la +er,onali#a# (omo +or e9em+lo: &a9a au'oe,'ima
in(om+e'en(ia ,o(ial ne(e,i#a# #e a+ro&a(i)n ex'erna ,on #e'erminan'e, en
el #e,arrollo #e la &ulimia e, #e(ir ,on m6, #e+rimi#o, im+ul,i4o,
neur)'i(amen'e an,io,o, -ue la, +er,ona, ,ana,5
Di4er,o, au'ore, ,e in(linan a +en,ar en ella (omo un 'ra,'orno 4in(ula#o a un
male,'ar +,i(ol)$i(o (on,i#era&le 1 a una 4arie#a# #e (ara('er7,'i(a, #e
+er,onali#a# #e,a9u,'a#a5
CONCLUSION
Sin'e'i3an#o +o#emo, (on(luir -ue:
E,'o, 'ra,'orno, e,'6n rela(iona#o, (on el (on'ex'o ,o(io(ul'ural en el
-ue 'ienen lu$ar5
La mar(a#a in(i#en(ia #e (a,o, #uran'e la a#ole,(en(ia ,e #e&e a la
4ulnera&ili#a# #el a+ara'o +,7-ui(o 1 a la, #e*i(ien(ia, -ue a'ra4ie3a el
1o en #i(.a *a,e5
La &ulimia 1 la anorexia ,on en*erme#a#e, (on (ara('er7,'i(a, +ro+ia,
+ero 'am&i2n (om+ar'en *a('ore, (omo +or e9em+lo: am&a, ,on
,7n#rome, mul'i#e'ermina#o, 1 mul'i#imen,ionale,5