GII PHP BO MT WPA TRONG MNG WLAN

Hc vin thc hin: L S Hnh

L!": M#$%&'T(# ) B
WPA l k thut bo mt s dng phng thc m ha c th!"t k" # bo mt
t$%n t&t c c'c ph!%n bn ()*+,,b- ()*+,,a- ()*+,,g- . ()*+,,n h/ t$ a k%nh 0mult!1
band2- a ch" 3 0mult!1mod42+ WPA c c'c 5c !#m sau6
7 WPA m ha th8ng t!n b9ng :;< ch!=u d! c>a kha l ,*( b!t . ?@ c ch!=u
d! l <( b!t+ WPA s dng g!ao thc AB?P 0A4mpo$al B4C ?nt4g$!tC P$otocol2 nh9m
thaC D! kha dEng AP . us4$ m3t c'ch tF 3ng t$ong Gu' t$Hnh t$ao D! th8ng t!n+ ;
th# l AB?P dEng m3t kha nh&t thI! ,*( b!t k"t hp .J! Ka chL MA; c>a us4$ host .
?@ # tNo $a m kha+ M kha nC sO c thaC D! sau kh! ,)))) g! th8ng t!n c
t$ao D!+
7 WPA s dng c ch" k!#m t$a tPnh ton .Qn c>a th8ng t!n M?; 0M4ssag4
?nt4g$!tC ;h4ck2 # chRng lN! nhSng g! t!n g! mNo+ M?; l m3t bn t!n T< b!t c
tPnh dFa t$%n thut to'n M!cha4l+ M?; sO c g! t$ong g! AB?P . g!Up ngI! nhn
k!#m t$a V4m th8ng t!n nhn c c bK l/! t$%n Ing t$uC=n ho5c bK thaC D! bW! kX
ph' hoN! haC kh8ng+
7 WPA s dng ()*+,VYZAP # m bo V'c thFc l[n nhau 0mutual
auth4nt!cat!on2 nh9m chRng lN! man1!n1m!ddl4 attack+ Ah4o - WPA c s\n * lFa
ch]n6 WPA P4$sonal . WPA Znt4$p$!s4+ ; * lFa ch]n nC =u s dng g!ao thc
AB?P- . sF kh'c b!^t chL l kha khW! tNo m ho' lUc _u+ WPA P4$sonal thPch hp
cho g!a Hnh . mNng .`n phang nhb- kha khW! tNo s!nh $a tc kha tdnh c nhp
.o th> c8ng t$%n AP . c'c eAA . s dng g!ao thc AB?P .J! P$41eha$4s B4C
0PeB2+ A$ong kh! - WPA Znt4$p$!s4 c 'p dng cho doanh ngh!^p- R! .J! c'c
doanh ngh!^p lJn c th# s dng m3t m'C ch> nhn thFc 0thIng l :4mot4
Auth4nt!cat!on f!al1?n gs4$ e4$.!c4 e4$.4$- .!"t tht l :Af?ge e4$.4$2 . ()*+,V #
cung c&p c'c kha khW! tNo cho m/! ph!%n lm .!^c+
#* Gi+, th-c t,.n v/n 0h1+ t2 th3i T4IP
AB?P 0A4mpo$a$C B4C ?nt4g$!tC P$otocol2 l g!! ph'p c>a ?ZZZ c ph't t$!#n
n`m *))<+ i m3t njng c&p cho WZP nh9m .' nhSng .&n = bo mt t$ong c! 5t
mt m dang :;< t$ong WZP+ AB?P cung c&p k thut b`m 0hash!ng2 .4cto$ khW! tNo
?@ # chRng lN! .!^c g! mNo g! t!nk n clng cung c&p phng thc # k!#m t$a tPnh
ton .Qn c>a th8ng !^p M?; 0M4ssag4 ?nt4g$!tC ;h4ck2 g!Up V'c Knh V4m l!^u
hack4$ thaC D! n3! dung g! t!n 0b9ng c'ch chmn .o2 haC cha nh9m mc Pch #
m bo tPnh chPnh V'c c>a g! t!n+ AB?P s dng kha 3ng # chRng lN! .!^c bX
kha- b9ng c'ch 5t cho m/! khung m3t chu/! sR $!%ng # chRng lN! dNng t&n c8ng g!
mNo+ AB?P kh8ng chL c th!"t k" # t$!#n kha! t$%n c'c th!"t bK WiAn ton tN! m
can tPch hp .o c'c th!"t bK WPA*+
Hnh 1: Thut ton Michael MIC
p# k!#m t$a tPnh ton .Qn th8ng !^p M?;- ?ZZZ = Vu&t m3t thut to'n g]! l
M!cha4l # bD sung c'c chc n`ng c>a ?;@ t$ong .!^c m ha khung ()*+,,+ M?; s
dng m3t kha duC nh&t kh'c .J! kha c s dng # m ha khung dS l!^u+
Bha duC nh&t nC sO c t$3n .J! Ka chL MA; Pch . nguon c>a khung clng nh
ton b3 ph_n dS l!^u cha c m ha c>a khung+
AB?P c th# c c! 5t th8ng Gua njng c&p q!$mra$4 cho AP haC s$!dg4 clng
nh njng c&p ph_n m=m . q!$mra$4 cho cl!4nt+ AB?P V'c Knh c'c nguC%n thc cho ?@-
phng thc khW! tNo lN! kha dFa t$%n ()*+,t- t$3n kha th4o g! t!n- haC k!#m t$a
ton .Qn M?;+ nhSng !=u nC sO gjC nh hWng "n h!^u n`ng s dng nhng sF m&t
m't nC 'ng uc cjn nhhc n"u Vut .= khPa cNnh njng cao bo mt+
Hnh 2: Tin trnh m ha TKIP
Hnh 3: Tin trnh gii m TKIP
AB?P t`ng kPch thJc kha tc <)b!t l%n ,*(b!t . thaC th" kha WZP n- tdnh
b9ng c'ch c&p ph't . phjn phR! tF 3ng bW! m'C ch> nhn thFc+ s9ng c'ch mW $3ng
kPch thJc kha- sR lng kha s dng- . t`ng c ch" k!#m t$a 3 ton .Qn dS l!^u-
AB?P t`ng 3 phc tNp . kh kh`n t$ong .!^c g!! m dS l!^u+ AB?P t`ng 3 d!
. 3 phc tNp c>a mt m ha t$ong WiAn- lm cho n t$W n%n kh hn . l kh8ng
th# cho c'c hack4$ c th# t$uC nhp .o mNng+ AB?P s dng h^ thRng kha . phng
thc Gun lv kha- !=u nC sO loN! bb kh n`ng dF o'n c>a hack4$ dFa t$%n kha
WZP+
p# lm c !=u nC- AB?P dFa t$%n c sW ()*+,VYZAP+ M'C ch> nhn thFc s
dng ()*+,V # cung c&p m3t kha c5p wpa!$1r!s4x cho ph!%n tPnh to'n+ AB?P phjn
ph't kha nC cho c cl!4nt . AP # cl!4nt . AP c th# th!"t lp h^ thRng kha . h^
thRng Gun lv s dng c5p kha wpa!$1r!s4x- # c&p ph't tF 3ng . # m ha dS l!^u
t$%n tcng g! t!n+
M3t !#m Guan t$]ng nSa c>a AB?P l n thaC D! kha s dng t$%n tcng g! t!n+
Bha c tNo $a b9ng c'ch k"t hp nh!=u C"u tR bao gom bas41k4C 0haC can g]! l
kha Pa!$r!s42- Ka chL MA; c>a t$Nm ph't . sR th tF g! t!n+ eF k"t hp nC c
th!"t k" nh9m 4m lN! 3 d! tc kha > lJn # n kh8ng dy dng c th# ph't h!^n
c+
zuan t$]ng nh&t l m3t ph_n bas41k4C c t$3n .o t$ong kha AB?P- kh8ng
g!Rng nh WZP 0kha nC l cR Knh . c t&t c c'c ngI! dEng t$ong mNng
WiAn b!"t "n2+ AB?P ph't bas41k4C . c t$3n .o t$ong tcng g! t!n+ M/! thI!
!#m cl!4nt g!ao t!"p .J! AP- m/! kha bas41k4C c s!nh $a+ Bha nC c VjC
dFng dFa t$%n sF V'o t$3n m3t .! sR ng[u nh!%n c ph't $a bW! AP . cl!4nt .J! Ka
chL MA; c>a AP . cl!4nt- . c t$uC=n Gua m3t ph!%n t$uC=n bP mt+ @J! ()*+,V-
ph!%n t$uC=n bP mt nC l duC nh&t . c t$uC=n t!n cC tJ! cl!4nt bW! m'C ch> nhn
thFc+ Bh! s dng AB?P .J! P$41eha$4d B4C 0PeB2- ph!%n bP mt nC g!Rng nhau cho
t&t c m]! ngI! dEng . kh8ng bao g!I thaC D!+ fo .[n ton tN! nguC h!#m t$ong
bo mt AB?P kh! s dng PeB+
$* 56c thc 7($*#89:AP
@!^c chng thFc c>a ()*+,t c thFc h!^n t$%n m3t m'C ch> $!%ng- m'C ch>
nC sO Gun lv c'c th8ng t!n # V'c thFc ngI! s dng nh6 t%n `ng nhp
0us4$nam42- mt kh{u 0passro$d2- m sR thX- d&u .jn taC+++ Bh! ngI! dEng g! C%u
c_u chng thFc- m'C ch> nC sO t$a cu dS l!^u # V4m ngI! dEng nC c hp l^
kh8ng- c c&p GuC=n t$uC cp "n mc no+++ nguC%n lv nC c g]! l :Af?ge
e4$.4$ 0:4mot4 Auth4nt!cat!on f!al|?n gs4$ e4$.!c4 e4$.4$2+
; %h<=n 7($*#5 ) :AP:
;hu{n ()*+,t cung c&p 5c t cho .!^c !=u kh!#n t$uC cp mNng dFa t$%n cDng
0po$t1bas4d2+ Bh! cDng 0po$t2 cha c V'c thFc- n chL c th# c s dng #
chuC#n lu lng cho Gu' t$Hnh V'c thFc+ ;hu{n ()*+,t hoNt 3ng t$%n c m8! t$Ing
c djC t$uC=n thRng l[n kh8ng djC+ @!^c !=u kh!#n t$uC cp dFa t$%n cDng Vu&t ph't tc
c'c b3 chuC#n mNch 0Zth4$n4t er!tch2+ Bh! m3t ngI! dEng cR ghng k"t nR! .o cDng
4th4$n4t- cDng sO 5t k"t nR! c>a us4$ .o t$Nng th'! ch5n 0block2 . ! cho .!^c
k!#m t$a Knh danh ngI! dEng hon t&t+
A$ong m8 hHnh chu{n ()*+,t- .!^c V'c thFc mNng bao gom } thnh ph_n chPnh6
7 ngI! c_n 0V!n2 V'c thFc 0euppl!cant2+
7 Ah!"t bK nhn C%u c_u V'c thFc tc ngI! dEng 0Auth4nt!cato$2+
7 M'C ch> AAA 0thIng s dng :Af?ge e4$.4$2 thFc h!^n .!^c V'c thFc
0Auth4nt!cat!on e4$.4$2+
zUa t$Hnh V'c thFc ()*+,t1ZAP cho cl!4nt gom ~ bJc . c'c bJc c m8 t
t$ong hHnh <6
Supplicant (client) c kch hot trn mi trng truyn v kt n!i t"i
#uthenticator (#$)%
#uthenticator (chuy&n mch mng) ph't hi(n c )* kt n!i c+a ,lient v kch
hot c-ng c+a client v .t trng th'i c-ng l cha c/p 0uyn v ch1 cho lu lng
234%56 c truyn i7 c8n t/t c9 c'c lu lng kh'c u :; ch.n li%
5% ,lient th*c hi(n kh<i to thng tin nh=n th*c7 n> g?i g>i tin @#$ABCStart t"i
#$ (authenticator)7 m.c DE vi(c kh<i to tF client l khng :Gt :uHc7 (nu l
#uthenticator kh<i to thI n> )J g?i g>i tin @#$CKe0ue)tLMnDentity t"i client)%
4% #$ )J tr9 li :Nng mHt khung thng i(p @#$OKe0ue)t MDentity ngc tr< li
Supplicant & c> c ;nh Danh (MDentity) c+a client%
P% Supplicant tr9 li :Nng mHt g>i tin @#$ OKepon)eLMDentity trong > chQa ;nh
Danh c+a client% Sau > #uthenticator chuy&n ;nh Danh ny n K#RMSS Server mHt
:9n tin K#RMSSO#cce))OKe0ue)t (gi' tr; ;nh Danh c+a mTi loi @#$ l kh'c nhau)%
Hnh !: "u trnh trao #$i th%ng #i&' ()c th*c+ trong ,-2.1/
U% K#RMSS )erver c c/u hInh & V'c ;nh client :Nng mHt thu=t to'n V'c
;nh (hi(n ti 234%56 cho WB#X khng ch1 ;nh ho.c :Gt :uHc ph9i )? DYng mHt thu=t
to'n cY th& no)% #uthentication Sever )J tr9 li :Nng mHt :9n tin K#RMSSO#cce)O
,hallenge% Sau >7 #uthenticator g?i n Supplicant mHt :9n tin @#$OKe0ue)t (tEy
vo vi(c )? DYng thu=t to'n chQng th*c no m :9n tin ny )J khac nhau) cho )*
chQng th*c hp l( chQa :/t kZ thng tin lin 0uan%
[% Supplicant t=p hp c'c thng tin tr9 li tF ngi DEng v g?i mHt @#$O
Ke)pon)e t"i #uthenticator% \i ]y thng tin V? l^ thnh :9n tin K#RMSSO#cce))C
Ke0ue)t v c g?i t"i K#RMSS Server (tEy thuHc vo thu=t to'n V'c th*c c+a @#$
no c )? DYng m vi(c trao -i ny c> th& kh'c nhau)%
_% K#RMSS )erver g?i mHt :9n tin K#RMSSO#cce))O#ccept (nu vi(c nh=n Dng
V'c th*c thnh cng) cho ph`p truy c=p (ho.c K#RMSSC#cce)) Keaect nu V'c th*c
th/t :i)% bhi nh=n c g>i tin #ccept7 #$ )J g?i mHt khung @#$OSucce)) t"i
Supplicant7 cng thi c-ng c+a ,lient )J chuy&n trng th'i )ang c/p 0uyn
(authorideD)% bhi 0u' trInh nh=n Dng Supplicant :<i Server V'c th*c l thnh cng7
Supplicant :Gt eu truy c=p vo mng thng 0ua c-ng ny%
f% bhi Supplicant hon t/t vi(c truy c=p mng7 n> g?i mHt :9n tin @#$ABO
Bogoaa t"i #uthenticator thI c-ng )J tr< v trng th'i :; ch.n (:lockeD)%
Th<>t t,6n 86c thc:
ZAP thFc h!^n t$ao D! chng thFc g!Sa ngI! V!n V'c thFc . m'C ch> nhn
thFc+ Bh8ng c th!"t bK no kh'c nh AP haC P$oVC s4$.4$ tham g!a .o Gu' t$Hnh t$ao
D! nC+
@!^c V'c thFc t$ong ()*+,t c th# dFa t$%n ngI! dEng . c Gun lv tN! c'c
m'C ch> V'c thFc tp t$ung+ ;hu{n ()*+,t s dng ZAP # mang c'c th8ng t!n chng
thFc+ ngo! $a- ()*+,t cung c&p c'c tEC ch]n # phjn phR! kha+
()*+,t . ZAP kh8ng a! hb! ph! s dng m3t thut to'n V'c thFc c th# no+
ngI! Gun t$K mNng c th# s dng b&t k k!#u V'c thFc no tng thPch .J! ZAP+
%u c_u duC nh&t l c cl!4nt 0c g]! l euppl!cant2 . m'C ch> ph! h/ t$ thut
to'n m ZAP sO s dng+
Ahut to'n V'c thFc ()*+,t1ZAP c th# s!nh $a kha 3ng dFa t$%n tcng ngI!
dEng 0us4$1bas4d2+ nhng kha s!nh $a t$ong t!"n t$Hnh V'c thFc kh8ng ph! l kha
c s dng cho m ha khung haC k!#m t$a tPnh ton .Qn c>a th8ng !^p+ A$ong
()*+,,! . WAP- kha nC c g]! l kha ch> 0mast4$ k4C2 . c s dng # s!nh
$a c'c kha kh'c+ A$ong ()*+,t- .!^c s dng kha ch> # s!nh $a c'c kha kh'c c
s dng t$ong phjn c&p kha un!cast . phjn c&p kha nhm 0g$oup k4C h!4$a$chC2+
; ch" s!nh kha m ha c g]! l bht taC < bJc 0<1raC handshak42+
zu' t$Hnh bht taC bRn bJc c thFc h!^n g!Sa AP . cl!4nt sau kh! c kha
PMB+ zu' t$Hnh nC nh9m tNo $a c'c kha PAB . AB+ Hnh m!nh h]a Gu' t$Hnh
bht taC < bJc6
Hnh 0: "u trnh 12t ta3 14n 156c
p_u t!%n- AP tNo $a sR Anonc4 $o! g! .= cl!4nt+ ;l!4nt s dng kha PMB #
s!nh $a kha PAB- sau dEng kha PAB nC k"t hp .J! sR Anonc4 # tNo $a m
M?;+ Mc Pch c>a .!^c lm nC l # AP V'c Knh V4m cl!4nt thFc sF c kha PMB
chPnh V'c kh8ng+ eau kh! tNo $a m M?; $o!- cl!4nt clng s!nh $a sR enonc4 c>a mHnh
. g! .= phPa AP+ AP nhn c nhSng th8ng t!n nC- dFa .o m M?; # khng Knh
$9ng cl!4nt c cEng kha PMB g!Rng mHnh+ eau AP clng ph! s dng kha PMB
c>a mHnh # s!nh $a kha PAB- dEng kha PAB nC k"t hp .J! sR enonc4 # tNo $a
m M?;+ ;lng t$ong lUc nC- AP s dng kha MB tNo $a kha AB+ Bha AB-
m M?; cEng .J! sR Anonc4 mJ! sO c m ha b9ng kha PAB . g! .= phPa
cl!4nt+ ;l!4nt dEng kha PAB c>a mHnh # g!! m- sau k!#m t$a m M?; # chhc
chhn $9ng AP clng c kha PMB g!Rng mHnh+ eau cl!4nt t!"n hnh c! 5t c'c kha
PAB . AB+ Bha PAB c dEng # m ha c'c bn t!n un!cast- c g!' t$K duC nh&t
dnh cho m/! cl!4nt+ Bha AB c dEng # m ha c'c bn t!n mult!cast- b$oadcast-
c g!' t$K chung g!Rng nhau cho nh!=u cl!4nt hp ph'p+ ;uR! cEng cl!4nt g! bn t!n
V'c nhn .= phPa AP+ AP thFc h!^n c! 5t kha phc . cho Gu' t$Hnh t$ao D! th8ng
t!n t!"p sau+ Ac lUc nC- m]! dS l!^u t$ao D! un!cast g!Sa AP . cl!4nt sO c m ha
b9ng kha PAB- .J! mult!cast . b$oadcast c m ha b9ng kha AB+
Hnh 7: M% hnh 'h8n c9' :ha ;nica<t trong ,-2.1/.
%6c ti?n t@Anh t@,nB 2C hAnh "hDn cE" 0h1+ Fnic+Gt t@,nB 7($*#5:
C ,lient v #$ ci .t kh>a Hng (c8n c ggi l kh>a ch+ c.p $hbC $airii)e
ha)ter bey) c )inh ra tF tin trInh 234%56%
#$ )J g?i cho client mHt )! ngju nhin : m=t (Secure KanDom Xum:er) c8n
c ggi l #Xonce thng 0ua thng i(p 234%56 ( @#$ABCbey)%
C ,lient )J t* n> )inh ra mHt )! ngju nhin : m=t kh'c c ggi l SXonce
(Supplicant Xonce)%
,lient )inh kh>a c.p tm thi $\b ($airii)e \ran)ient bey) :Nng c'ch trHn ljn
$hb7 SXonce7 #Xonce7 ;a ch1 h#, c+a client7 ;a ch1 h#, c+a #$ v mHt chuTi
kh<i to (initialide )tring)% k;a ch1 h#, )J c )Gp theo thQ t* v"i ;a ch1 h#, nhl
hmn )J c .t tr"c% \in trInh ny :9o 9m rNng client v #$ )J c> ;a ch1 h#,
)Gp theo thQ t* gi!ng nhau%
ni' tr; c trHn ljn > )J cho 0ua mHt hm gi9 ngju nhin $Ko ($)euDo
KanDom ounction) & )inh ra [54:it $\b% pqa trInh to kh>a $\b c m t9 trong
hInh f%
C ,lient )J g?i SXonce < trn cho #$ thng 0ua thng i(p 234%56 @#$ABCbey
v c :9o v( :Nng @#$ABCbey hM, key%
C #$ )J )? DYng SXonce & tnh to'n $\b gi!ng nh client r lm%
#$ )? DYng @#$ABCbey hM, key c> c tF $\b & ki&m tra tnh ton vsn c+a
thng i(p tF client%
#$ g?i thng i(p @#$ABCbey thng :'o rNng client nn ci .t $\b v
#Xonce c+a #$% \hng i(p ny c :9o v( :Nng @#$ABCbey hM, key% t"c ny
cho ph`p client ki&m tra #Xonce m n> nh=n c tF #$ < trn c> hp l( hay khng%
C ,lient g?i thng i(p @#$ABCbey (c :9o v( :Nng @#$ABCbey hM, key)
thng :'o rNng n> r hon thnh vi(c ci .t%
Hnh =: T>o :ha PTK trong 'h8n c9' :ha ;nica<t ,-2.1/.
?hn )@t: bn thjn kha PMB . PAB l un!cast tc l chUng chL m ha . g!!
m khung un!cast . c g'n cho m3t ngI! dEng duC nh&t+ n"u s dng m8 hHnh
nC cho c'c khung b$oadcast . mult!cast thH sO lm t`ng lu lng mNng l%n 'ng k#+
fo - c_n c m3t m8 hHnh kh'c cho c'c khung b$oadcast . mult!cast+ p# t$uC=n
dNng b$oadcast . mult!cast thH t$ong } thnh ph_n chPnh c>a ()*+,t chL c thnh ph_n
Auth4nt!cato$ 0!#n hHnh l AP2 thFc h!^n c+ AP sO g! cEng m3t khung
b$oadcastYmult!cast "n m/! ngI! dEng- m/! khung =u c m ha .J! kha tcng
khung tng ng+ Bhung b$oadcastYmult!cast s dng m8 hHnh phjn c&p kha nhm+
/@t m% hnh 'h8n c9' :ha nhm:
Hnh ,: M% hnh 'h8n c9' :ha nhm trong ,-2.1/
Bha ch> nhm MB 0$oup Mast4$ B4C2 n9m W Lnh c>a m8 hHnh . n c
s!nh $a t$%n AP+ P: 0Ps4udo1:andom unct!on2 s!nh $a *Tb!t MB+ p_u .o c>a
P: l m3t sR ng[u nh!%n bP mt c m ha 0nonc42- m3t chu/! kv tF- Ka chL
MA; c>a AP . thI! g!an t$ong Knh dNng nAP 0n4tro$k A!m4 P$otocol2+
MB- chu/! kv tF- Ka chL MA; c>a AP . nonc4 0m3t g!' t$K c l&C tc b!"n
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