Nobel Prize for Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !

ell and
William E "oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical
microsco#e can never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics Nobel Prize for
Chemistry has been equally divided among the Laureates Eric Betzig, Stefan W !ell and William E
"oerner for having by#assed a #resumed scientific limitation sti#ulating that an o#tical microsco#e can
never yield a resolution better than $% micrometres &half the 'avelength of light(
)sing the fluorescence of molecules, scientists can no' monitor the inter#lay bet'een individual
molecules inside cells* they can observe disease+related #roteins aggregate and they can trac, cell
division at the nanolevel
Living organisms 'ere studied for the first time in the -.th using an o#tical microsco#e /he instrument
o#ened a ne' 'indo' to studying living organisms non+invasively
0es#ite the advantages, the o#tical microsco#e suffers from a ma1or dra'bac, 2 a #hysical restriction as
to 'hat size of structures is #ossible to resolve Ernst 3bbe in -4.5 said that microsco#e resolution is
limited by, among other things, the 'avelength of the light &$% micrometres(
While 3bbe6s microsco#e resolution limitation still hold true, the Laureates have successfully
demonstrated 'ays of by#assing the limitation /he three have ta,en o#tical microsco#y into a ne'
dimension using fluorescent molecules /'o different #rinci#les have been able to do this and they
develo#ed inde#endently of each other
Stefan !ell 'ho 'as a student in South+'estern 7inland 'as loo,ing at 'ays of by#assing 3bbe6s
limitation 8n -995, he got a brilliant idea 'hen reading a te:tboo, on quantum o#tics