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, 2014

ii

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23 2014.

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iii

c b n
Creative Commons
Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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iv


-
() ,
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,
() .
,
, -
.

o o, , , , ,

vi

Abstract
The purpose of this thesis is to assist the structural engineer with the analysis of reinforced concrete buildings
according to the Eurocodes, through the tuning of benchmark buildings that test the accuracy of Computer
Aided Engineering (CAE) software.
In the rst part of current thesis, assumptions, which take place during the structural idealization of the
structure and their results alike are explained thoroughly.
In the second part of the current thesis, the structural idealization of two benchmark buildings in greek
bibliography are compared using various CAE software and dierent methodologies, while simultaneously
are corrected and analysed in depth in order the procedures which are appropriate during the structural
analysis of buildings to be completely consolidated by the structural engineer.

Keywords
benchmark building, t-beam, eective width, rigid link, nite elements, response spectrum analysis

vii

viii

Abstract
1

1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 . . . .
1.3 . .
1.4 A
. . . . . . .

vii
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1
1
1
3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.1
2.1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.3 . . . . . . . . .
2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.4 m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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5
5
5
7
8
9
12
14
16
17
20
20
21

3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.1 . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.2
3.2.3 . . .
3.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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23
23
23
24
24
26
26
27
28
29

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.

4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2.2 . . . . . . . . . .
4.2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3 ( G+E Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4
( G+E Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31
31
32
32
34
34
36
36
39
41

ix

45

6
6.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49
49
49

51
51

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55

1.1

-.
, .
, , , , ,
.
.
, .
, , .
, / ,
.
,
/,
.... et al., 2005. ,
.
, .
et al., 2011, 8 2. ,
,
. :
8,

.

1.2

. ,
.
. , 1980, , .

 1.
1.1:

1972:
HP35

&
( , , )

1978: PC (Apple ,
TRS-80, Commodore PET)
1981: IBM PC ntel 8086
(0.8 MIPS1 )
1982: Intel 80286 (2.66 MIPS1 )

'

1984 B..'59

1984: Macintosh
1985: Intel 80386
(5 MIPS1 at 16 MHz)
1986: Windows

1992

1994: Intel Pentium

(188 MIPS1 at 100 MHz)

1995

1996: Intel Pentium Pro

(541 MIPS1 at 200 MHz)
1999: Intel Pentium III
(2054 MIPS1 at 600 MHz)

2000 A

2003: Intel Pentium 4

(9726 MIPS1 at 3.2 GHz)

2012
2013 8

2012: Intel Core i7 3630QM

(113093 MIPS1 at 2.4 GHz)

(
)

1959

1984 (
1992, 1995, 2000). .
, / ,
. .
, . / ,
.
.
/,
, ..
2000.
.
, .. ,
, , . /, .

.
.
1
Million Instructions Per Second, . : MIPS

.

 1.

1.3

, , '

. ,
/ ,
.
, , , ,
,

.
,
.
.
,
.
. , , ,
, .

1.4

, , ,
. .
1. :
, ( ), . , .. ,
, . ,
, .
: .
2.
(..
).
: ,
. ,

a)
,
b) ( ,
/ ) .
3. :
a) H/Y (..
).
3

 1.
b) , . / :
.
(..
).

(..
)
: ()

.
c) :




:
, ..:

.
( .)


.

.
4. ( ) .
: .
5.
.
: ( ) .

.

 2

2.1

8, 4.3.1(3), 4.3.1(4), 5.10(1),

,
.
,
.
,
,
10 %
.

2.1.1

, ,
, .
( 2.1)
.

.
2.1:
, . ,
/.
, , , ' ,
. , ,
, ,
.
Rombach, 2011, 2.9.1. , , , , . , , . ,
, , h
5

 2.
:
h =

2
8

(2.1)

, s = h /2 = 2 /16
50 %, F = 2 /16 ( 2.2).

/2

2
16

[]

2
16

[]
2
16

2
8

[]
2.2:

,
.
, = 5 m,
= 1 kN/m. = 0.60 m. ,
F = 3.125 kN m.
4 1.25 m ,
F = 0.977 kN m ( 2.3). , .
, , /2,
F = 0.977 kN m + 7.162 kN 0.30 m = 3.125 kN m,
.
, ,
,
, , .

 2.
= 1 kN/m

/2

= 1 kN/m

= 5m

= 5m

0.977 kN m

0.195 kN m

[]

0.977 kN m

[]
1.367 kN m

0.977 kN m

1.367 kN m

3.125 kN m
7.162 kN
3.255 kN

3.255 kN

[]
2.3:

2.1.2

,
. , ,
.


.
2.1.2.1

, :
,
,
, .
, i , i i , i, :
i = i
i = + i

(2.2a)
(2.2b)

i =

(2.2c)

:
i

, .
7

 2.
2.1.2.2

. 3DR.STRAD 60 . , . .

,
.

2.1.3
. , , (rigid links)
.
, ,
. ,
, , 105 108
(Midas/Gen 2013 Analysis Manual 2013, . 66).
, . ,
-. , (rigid link) , ,
, .
.
. , ( et al., 2011) ,
et al., 2011, 150 852 . ,

.

eff

1
2 1

(a)

eff

1
2 1

(b)

2.4a:

 2.

ef f

(c) Midas/Gen,

/2

ef f

/2

(d) et al.

2.4b:

2.2

, / ' . (, )
' (8, 4.3.1(3)).
, (8,
4.3.1(4))
(. )
(. ). , ,
. , ()
, . ,
,
.
,
.
:
/ / ( )
.
(
) , ,
.

( ).
.
9

 2.
() .
,
. ( 2.1) .

10

1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

9
10
11
12

11

12

12z
3

(1 + y )
0
0
0
6z

2 (1 + y )
0
12z
3

(1 + y )
0
0
0
6z

2 (1 + y )

12y
3

(1 + z )
0

6y
2 (1 + z )

(4 + z )y
(1 + z )

12y
3 (1 + z )
0
6y
2 (1 + z )
0

0
0

6y
2 (1 + z )
0
(2 z )y
(1 + z )
0

(4 + y )z
(1 + y )
0
6z
2

(1 + y )

12z
3

(1 + y )

(2 y )z
(1 + y )

6z
2 (1 + y )

12y
3 (1 + z )
0
6y
2 (1 + z )
0

2.1: 1

11

10

. J. S. Przemieniecki (1968), Theory of Matrix Structural Analysis, McGraw-Hill, ISBN: 978-0-07-050904-7, . 79

0
0

(4 + z )y
(1 + z )
0

(4 + y )z
(1 + y )

2.

 2.
:

2( + 1)
12z

(2.3)
(2.3)

sy 2
12y

(2.3)

sz 2

2.2.1
2.2.1.1

4
2

(2.4)

= 0.14064

(2.5)

=
2

2.5:
2.2.1.2

.
2.6:
2.2.1.3

, .

= 3

4
0.21 1
[3
(

124 )]

(2.6 2 )

1
192
tanh( )
1
( 5 )
3[
2 ]

(2.7 3 )

.
2.7:

= 3

12

. Young & Budynas, 2001, Table 10.1 & Pilkey, 2005, Table 2-5

 2.
2.2.1.4

= 1 + 2 + 4

:
1

2.8:

(2.8)

4
0.21 1
[3
(
124 )]

1
4
= 3
0.105
1
[3
(
192 4 )]
= 3

0.15 + 0.10 )
1 (

( + )2 + + 2 /4
=
2 +
<
=
{ >
=

<
>

(2.8)
(2.8)
(2.8)
(2.8)
(2.8)
(2.8 )

< 2( + )

2.2.1.5

= 1 + 2 + 4

:
1

2.9:

(2.9)

4
0.21 1
[3
(
124 )]
1

4
0.105
= 3
1
[3
(
192 4 )]
= 3

0.07 + 0.076 )
(

= 2[ + + 3 2(2 + )(2 + )]

(2.9)
(2.9)
(2.9)
(2.9)

< 2( + )

. Timoshenko & Goodier, 1951, p. 278, eq. 160

13

 2.
2.2.1.6

= 21 + 2 + 24

:
1

(2.10)

= 3

4
0.21 1
[3
(
124 )]

1 3

= (0.15 + 0.1 )

(2.10)
(2.10)
(2.10)

2.10:

( + )2 + + 2 /4
2 +
<
{ >

<
>

(2.10)
(2.10)
(2.10 )

< 2( + )

2.2.1.7

.
2.11:

.

2.2.2
,
. , ,
. sy sz
.
sz = z

(2.11a)

sy = y

(2.11b)

O Pilkey, 2005 (Table 2-5) (. 2.12, 2.13 & 2.14) Poisson . ,

SAP2000 & Midas Gen, :
5/6
5/6 , ,

14

 2.
,
.
2.2.2.1

1
7 + 6
=
z,y
6(1 + )

(2.12)

1
12 + 11
=
z,y
10(1 + )

(2.13)

2.12:

2.2.2.2

.
2.13:
2.2.2.3

2
3
(12 + 96 + 276 + 192 )+

+ (11 + 88 + 248 2 + 216 3 )+

+102 (4 + 5 2 + 3 )+

.
w

+ 302 ( + 2 )

1
=
z

10(1 + )(1 + 4)2

(2.14)

f
(2.14)
w

=
(2.14)

, (shear
locking), . , ,
Poisson = 0.3, 2.13, z,y = 0.8467 .
2.14:

15

 2.
, Renton, 1991:

2
144(/)4
6
1

= +(
6 (2 + 1)2 2 (2 + 1)2 (0.5/)2 + 2
z
5
1 + ) m=0
[
]
n=1

(2.15)

, (. 2.1) Pilkey, 2002 (Table 6.6).

2.1: sz /

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.1
0.2
0.5
1.0

0.8333
0.8333
0.8333
0.8333

0.8333
0.8333
0.8331
0.8307

0.8333
0.8333
0.8329
0.8282

10.0
5.0
2.0

0.8333
0.8333
0.8333

0.2869
0.6005
0.8071

0.1791
0.4781
0.7844

2.15:

, Poisson = 0.2 / = 10,
2.15, :
sz = 0.2869
sy = 0.8333

2.2.3
(.. C, L), ,
, , ,
.
, (SAP2000, Midas Gen) . ,
.
, , Poisson
. (. Pilkey, 2002
Pilkey, 2005).

16

 2.
2.2: (Pilkey, 2002, Table 6.9)

0.3

0.5

8.211 705

8.211 705

8.211 705

S
S

1.997 641
4.423 925

1.997 605
4.424 391

1.997 589
4.424 592

15.5

.
10.5

2.16:
L (Pilkey, 2002, Fig. 6.13)
,
( ) ,
. ,
, . ,
,
. , ( 45 60). ,

.

2.2.4

,
, .
x y ' , ,
(mass moment of inertia) m
.
( 2.2).

17

 2.

1
1
2
3

0
y
0

2.2:

Steiner. ,
(. 2.17), (. 2.18)
.

m =

1
2
12

(2.16)

:
.

2.17:
m =

1
(2x + 2y )
12

(2.17)

:
.
y

x,y

2.18:

.
.
2.2.4.1
5 m 5 m 5.0 kN/m2
= 9.81 m/s2 .
4
5.0 kN/m2 5 m 5 m = 125 kN.
125 kN/4 = 31.25 kN.
31.25 kN/9.81 m/s2 = 3.186 t.

18

 2.
3.186 t [(2.5 m)2 + (2.5 m)2 ] = 39.819 t m2 .
4 3.186 t = 12.742 t.


m = 4 39.819 t m2 = 159.276 t m2

1
12.742 t [(5 m)2 + (5 m)2 ] = 53.092 t m2
12

5.00 m

5.00 m

m =

(a) 4

5.00 m

5.00 m
(b) 8

2.19:

2.2.4.2
5 m 5 m 5.0 kN/m
= 9.81 m/s2 .
4
: 5 m 5.0 kN/m = 25 kN
: 25 kN/9.81 m/s2 = 2.548 t
: 2.548 t/2 = 1.274 t
: 1.274 t 2 = 2.548 t
: 2.548 t [(2.5 m)2 + (2.5 m)2 ] = 31.855 t m2 .
8
: 2.5 m 5.0 kN/m = 12.5 kN
: 12.5 kN/9.81 m/s2 = 1.274 t
: 1.274 t/2 = 0.637 t
: 0.637 t 2 = 1.274 t
: 0.637 t 2 = 1.274 t
: 1.274 t [(2.5 m)2 + (2.5 m)2 ] = 15.928 t m2 .
19

 2.
: 1.274 t (2.5 m)2 = 7.964 t m2 .

4
m = 4 31.855 t m2 = 127.421 t m2
8
m = 4 15.928 t m2 + 4 7.964 t m2 = 95.566 t m2

m = 4

1
2.548 t (5 m)2 + 4 2.548 t (2.5 m)2 = 69.02 t m2
12

2.3:
m [t m2 ]
4

159.276
127.421

95.566

53.092
69.020

2.2.4.3
,
. . , /
,
.

2.3

2.3.1
2.20
.
.
(
1.6)
.
(shear lag),
.

.
2.21 .

20

 2.

2.20:

2.21: ,

2.3.2

, ,
(. 2.22).

(, ), , ,
. , , ,
.
, (section modulus) ,
(eective width) (
) .

.
.
,
( 2.23a),
, ( 2.23b).

21

 2.

ef

o :

2.22: (Brendel, 1964, Fig. 1)

(a)

(b)

2.23:

22

 3

1
2000 () . . .
. ,
.

3.1

BX2 20/60
C3 35/35

C4 35/35

BY2 20/60

BY1 20/60

5.00 m

1
15
M

C1 35/35

C2 35/35

BX1 20/60

5.00 m

3.1:
: 2000, 2000
: = 9.81 m/s2
: ( = 2.9 107 kN/m2 , = 0.2, = 25 kN/m3 )
: 4 m
:
2.0 kN/m2
1.3 kN/m2
3.6 kN/m2 ( 1 m)

3.1.1

:
:
23

 3.
: 2
: = 5 %

3.2

3.2.1
/ .
, , .

.
,

.
3.2.1.1
.
4.2b.
3.2.1.2 -
/
( , ) (. . 4.2).

eff

/2
2 1

/2

(a)

(b) et al.

3.2:

3.2.1.3
,
.
BY1.

BY1 :
n = 5.20 0.35 0.35 = 4.50 m
2000, 7.2.2 :
= n + 1 + 2 = 4.50 + 0.175 + 0.175 = 4.85 m
24

(3.1)

 3.
:
1

= 1/2 = 1/2 0.35 = 0.175 m

= 1/2 = 1/2 0.35 = 0.175 m

( 2000, .8.4)
BY1, ,
. , :
0 = 0.85 = 0.85 4.85 = 4.1225 m

2000, 8.4, , :
ef = w + 1/10 = 0.20 + 1/10 4.1225 = 0.61 m

(3.2)

, 1,2
.
1 = 2.40 m
2 = 0.00 m

( )

2000, . .8.1 :
f / = 0.15/0.60 = 0.25
1 /0 = 2.40/4.1225 = 0.58
:
ef1 /1 = 0.265
:
ef = w + ef1 + ef2 = 0.20 + 0.636 + 0.00 = 0.84 m

(3.3)

:
ef1

= 0.265 1 =
= 0.265 2.40 =
= 0.636 m

ef2

= 0.00 m

, 2000, .3.2.3(2), :
m = w + 3 f = 0.20 + 3 0.15 = 0.65 m

(3.4)

.
et al. ,
.
3.1: ef [m]

BX1, BX2, BY1, BY2

et al., 2011

0.2 + 0.2 0.85 0 = 1.03

3.2

3.3

3.4

0.61

0.84

0.65
25

 3.
3.2.1.4
,
( ),
50% , T
10% ( 2000, 3.2.3(2)).
, ,
( ).

3.2.2
45 60
(. ).

.
' .
.

3.2.3

.
:
,
( ) ,
,

30 % 2000
3.2.2(3) 4.1.2.1.
.
3.2.3.1

et al.

,
eff = 4.00/2 = 2.00 m. ,
4 0.35 m 0.35 m eff = 4 0.35 m 0.35 m 2.00 m 25 kN/m3 = 24.50 kN.

5.20 m 5.20 m f = 5.20 m 5.20 m 0.15 m 25 kN/m3 = 101.40 kN.
5.20 m 5.20 m 1.3 kN/m2 = 35.15 kN.

4 4.50 m = 18.00 m
18.00 m ( f ) = 18.00 m 0.20 m (0.60 m 0.15 m) 25 kN/m3 = 40.50 kN.

26

 3.

1.00 m, 4 5.20 m = 20.80 m 20.80 m

1.00 m 3.6 kN/m2 = 74.88 kN.
3.2:

[kN]

24.50
101.40
35.15
40.50
74.88

276.43

5.20 m 5.20 m 2.0 kN/m2 = 54.08 kN.
G+2 Q
,
.
= 276.43 + 24.50 + 0.3 54.08 = 317.15 kN
:
Ci =

317.15
=
= 79.29 kN
4
4

(79.01 kN).

:
=

317.15
=
= 32.33 t

9.81

28.79 t .
5.00 m, .
, ,
,
. ,
, , .

3.3

, ,
3.3.

27

 3.

3.3:

3.3.1
, ( = 2.9 107 kN/m2 , = 0.2).
5 m 5 m.
.
12 :
0.35/2 = 0.175 m
10 (5 0, 35)/10 = 10 0.465 m
0.35/2 = 0.175 m
0.465 m.
5 m 5 m 2.0 kN/m2 .
( 3.4),
45 60 (. ).
-,
.
, .
, ,
3.1 :
ef = 2.50 m
ef = 1.03 m
ef = 0.61 m
ef = 0.84 m
ef = 0.65 m

28

 3.

3.4: ef = 2.50 m

3.3.2

3.3:
[kN m]

[kN]

[kN]

. .
ef = 2.50 m
ef = 1.03 m
ef = 0.61 m
ef = 0.84 m
ef = 0.65 m

12.50
12.50
12.50
12.50
12.50
12.50

1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00

1.20
1.20
1.30
1.50
1.40
1.40

2.10
2.10
2.40
2.60
2.50
2.60

, ,
""
.

29

30

 4

( )
et al., 2011,
. . ,
Midas Gen
, .

BX3 20/60

2
15

C4 40/40

BY1 20/60

C1 40/40

C2 40/40

3.75 m

C5 40/40
3.75 m

1
15

BY3 20/60

7.50 m

T1 25/250

BY4 20/60

BY2 20/60

C8 40/40
BY6 20/60

C7 40/40

C6 40/40

BX4 20/60

BY5 20/60

4.1

C3 40/40

BX1 20/60

BX2 20/60

5.00 m

4.00 m

4.1: (
)
: = 9.81 m/s2
: ( = 2.9 107 kN/m2 , = 0.2, = 25 kN/m3 )
:
1: 4 m
2-5: 3 m
:
2.0 kN/m2
1.3 kN/m2
3.6 kN/m2 ( 1 m)
31

 4.
2.1 kN/m2 BY3, BY4 ( )

4.2

4.2.1
/ .
, , .
8, 4.3.1(8),
.
4.2.1.1
.
4.2b.
4.2.1.2 -
/
( , ) 8, 4.3.1(2) (. . 4.2).

eff

/2
2 1

/2

(a)

(b) et al.

4.2:

4.2.1.3
,
.
BY1.

BY1 :
n = 2.30 m
2, 5.3.2.2 Paulay & Priestley, 1992, 4.1.2, . 4.2
:
eff = n + 1 + 2 = 2.30 + 0.20 + 0.30 = 2.80 m
:

32

= min (1/2 ; 1/2 ) = min (1/2 0.60; 1/2 0.40) = min (0.30; 0.20) = 0.20 m

min (1/2 ; 1/2 ) = min (1/2 0.60; 1/2 2.50) = min (0.30; 1.125) = 0.30 m

(4.1)

 4.

BY1, , .
, :
0 = 0.85 eff = 0.85 2.80 = 2.38 m

1,2

.
eff = w + eff,1 + eff,2 = 0.20 + 0.00 + 0.48 = 0.68 m

(4.2)

:
eff,1
= min (0.2 1 + 0.1 0 ; 0.2 0 ; 1 ) = 0.00 m
eff,2 = min (0.2 2 + 0.1 0 ; 0.2 0 ; 2 ) =
= min (0.2 2.40 + 0.1 2.38; 0.2 2.38; 2.40) =
= min (0.718; 0.476; 2.40) =
= 0.48 m
.
4.1:

BX1, BX3
BX2, BX4
BY1, BY2
BY3, BY4
BY5, BY6

n [m]

[m]

1 [m]

2 [m]

1 [m]

2 [m]

ef f [m]

4.60
3.60
2.30
3.35
3.35

0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60

0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40

0.40
0.40
2.50
0.40
0.40

0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20

0.20
0.20
0.30
0.20
0.20

5.00
4.00
2.80
3.75
3.75

0 [m]
0.85 5.00 = 4.25
0.85 4.00 = 3.40
0.85 2.80 = 2.38
0.85 3.75 = 3.19
0.85 3.75 = 3.19

4.2:

BX1, BX3
BX2, BX4
BY1, BY2
BY3, BY4
BY5, BY6

w [m]

0 [m]

1 [m]

2 [m]

ef f ,1 [m]

ef f ,2 [m]

ef f [m]

0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20

4.25
3.40
2.38
3.19
3.19

0.00
0.00
0.00
2.40
1.90

3.65
3.65
2.40
1.90
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.64
0.64

0.85
0.68
0.48
0.64
0.00

1.05
0.88
0.68
1.48
0.84

et al. ,
.

33

 4.
4.3:
et al., 2011

BX1, BX3
BX2, BX4
BY1, BY2
BY3, BY4
BY5, BY6

eff [m]
5.00
4.00
2.58
3.75
3.75

eff [m]
0.2 + 0.1 0.85 5.00 = 0.625
0.2 + 0.1 0.85 4.00 = 0.540
0.2 + 0.1 0.85 2.58 = 0.420
0.2 + 0.2 0.85 3.75 = 0.840
0.2 + 0.1 0.85 3.75 = 0.520

eff [m]

ef f [m]

5.00
4.00
2.80
3.75
3.75

1.05
0.88
0.68
1.48
0.84

4.2.1.4
s 50% (8, 4.3.1(7)), T
8 10%
( 2000). ,

,
( ). 2 ( 5.4(2)) (. ).
,
, . ,
, , /.

4.2.2
45 60
(. ).

.
' .
.

4.2.3

.
:
,
( ) ,
,

8
3.2.4(2)P, 4.2.4(2)P 4.3.1(10)P.
.

34

 4.
4.2.3.1

et al.
/
1
, eff = 4.00/2 + 3.00/2 = 3.50 m. ,
1 80.40 m0.40 meff = 80.40 m0.40 m3.5 m25 kN/m3 = 112.00 kN.
, 1 0.25 m 2.50 m eff =
0.25 m 2.50 m 3.5 m 25 kN/m3 = 54.69 kN.
2-4, eff = 3/2 + 3/2 = 3.00 m 5 , ef f = 3/2 = 1.5 m.

9.00 m 7.50 m f = 9.00 m 7.50 m 0.15 m 25 kN/m3 = 253.13 kN.
9.00 m 7.50 m 1.3 kN/m2 = 87.75 kN.

2 (4.60 + 3.60 + 2.30 + 3.35 + 3.35) = 34.40 m
34.40 m ( f ) = 34.40 m 0.20 m (0.60 m 0.15 m) 25 kN/m3 =
77.40 kN.

n BY3, BY4, 2 3.35 = 6.70 m 2.40 m,

(3.00 m) (0.60 m). ,
6.70 m 2.40 m 2.1 kN/m2 = 33.77 kN.
, n BX1, BX2,
BX3, BX4, BY1, BY2, BY5, BY6, 2 (4.60 + 3.60 + 2.30 + 3.35) = 27.70 m,
2.40 m 27.70 m 2.40 m 3.6 kN/m2 = 239.33 kN.
, ,
1.00 m, 2 (9.00 m + 7.50 m) = 33.00 m 33.00 m 1.00 m 3.6 kN/m2 = 118.80 kN. (
117.36 m.)
4.4:

2-4

.
.

112.00
54.69
253.13
87.75
77.40
33.77
239.33

96.00
46.88
253.13
87.75
77.40
33.77
239.33

48.00
23.44
253.13
87.75
77.40
0.00
118.80

858.06

834.25

608.51

9.00 m 7.50 m 2.0 kN/m2 = 135.00 kN.

35

 4.
4.5:

k [kN]

k [kN]

2 1

E = 2

k + E k

[t]

1
2
3
4
5

858.06
834.25
834.25
834.25
608.51

135.00
135.00
135.00
135.00
135.00

0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3

0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
1.0

0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.30

890.46
866.65
866.65
866.65
649.01

90.77
88.34
88.34
88.34
66.16

4.2.4

C15

T15

C65

3m

C14

T14

C64

3m

C13

T13

C63

3m

C12

BY12
T12

C62

3m

BX21

BY21

BY11

5m

4m

C11

T11

C61

C31

C21

C11

4m

4m

BX11

BY13

BY22
C32

BX22
C22

C12

3m

BX12

BY14

BY23
C33

BX23
C23

C13

3m

BX13

BY15

BY24
C34

BX24
C24

C14

3m

BX14

BY25
C35

BX25
C25

C15

3m

BX15

3.75 m

(a)

3.75 m

(b)

4.3:
et al., 2011

4.3

( G+E Q)

.
AvrEC8Ex1Gr1: (. . 2.4b).
AvrEC8Ex1Gr2a: "Align Top of Beam
Section with Floor (X-Y Plane) for Panel Zone Eect / Display" "Auto Calculate Panel Zone Oset
1
2 , , 3.2.4(4)
8 A1.1 0, .
A . 2 = 0.3.
2
4.2 4.2.4 8. ,
( ) A 1.0.
0.8, .
.

36

 4.
Distances" Midas Gen (. . 2.4c). , AvrEC8Ex1Gr2b,
C4 C5,
.
AvrEC8Ex1Gr2b:
( , . . 2.4c).
AvrEC8Ex1Gr3: et al., 2011 (. . 2.4d).
AvrEC8Ex1Gr4: Strad,
. .
AvrEC8Ex1Gr5: ,
BY1 BY2.
,
.
4.6:
1
[m] [m]

AvrEC8Ex1Gr 3

4.50
4.46

2
[m] [m]

3.75
3.75

4.50
4.48

3
[m] [m]

3.75
3.75

4.50
4.48

3.75
3.75

4
[m] [m]
4.50
4.48

3.75
3.75

5
[m] [m]
4.50
4.44

3.75
3.75

4.7: [t]
1

90.77
90.77

88.34
88.34

88.34
88.34

88.34
88.34

66.00
66.16

AvrEC8Ex1Gr 3

4.8: m [t m2 ]
1

1038.19
1823.04
1893.38

1010.42
1769.07
1839.40

1010.42
1769.07
1839.40

1010.42
1769.07
1839.40

755.01
1290.48
1344.43

AvrEC8Ex1Gr1

4.9a: BX2
[kN]

AvrEC8Ex1Gr1
AvrEC8Ex1Gr2a
AvrEC8Ex1Gr2b
AvrEC8Ex1Gr3
AvrEC8Ex1Gr4
AvrEC8Ex1Gr5

2 [kN]

3 [kN]

0.00
19.8
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
19.8

0.00
19.8
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

-29.18
-32.40
-33.90
-33.90
-33.60
-35.40
-34.40

-3.12
-1.90
-3.30
-3.30
-3.10
-4.90
-3.80

26.39
28.70
27.20
27.20
27.50
25.70
26.90

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

37

 4.
4.9b: BX2
[kN m]

AvrEC8Ex1Gr1
AvrEC8Ex1Gr2a
AvrEC8Ex1Gr2b
AvrEC8Ex1Gr3
AvrEC8Ex1Gr4
AvrEC8Ex1Gr5

2 [kN m]

3 [kN m]

0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
-0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

-20.47
-21.70
-24.70
-24.80
-24.40
-27.40
-30.00

10.18
11.90
11.40
11.40
11.40
11.50
13.80

-12.58
-14.90
-12.90
-12.80
-13.30
-9.90
-15.00

4.10a: C3
[kN]

AvrEC8Ex1Gr1
AvrEC8Ex1Gr2a
AvrEC8Ex1Gr2b
AvrEC8Ex1Gr3
AvrEC8Ex1Gr4
AvrEC8Ex1Gr5

2 [kN]

3 [kN]

-327.14
-350.70
-343.60
-343.50
-342.90
-326.30
-332.50

-312.34
-334.70
-327.60
-327.50
-326.90
-310.30
-316.50

1.90
2.40
2.80
2.80
2.00
1.90
1.90

1.90
2.40
2.80
2.80
2.00
1.90
1.90

-1.54
-1.70
-2.30
-2.30
-1.70
-1.60
-1.70

-1.54
-1.70
-2.30
-2.30
-1.70
-1.60
-1.70

4.10b: C3
[kN m]

AvrEC8Ex1Gr1
AvrEC8Ex1Gr2a
AvrEC8Ex1Gr2b
AvrEC8Ex1Gr3
AvrEC8Ex1Gr4
AvrEC8Ex1Gr5

2 [kN m]

3 [kN m]

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

-2.01
-2.20
-3.00
-3.00
-2.20
-2.20
-2.20

3.71
3.60
5.00
5.00
4.00
4.40
4.40

2.63
3.20
3.70
3.70
2.80
2.80
2.80

-4.41
-5.00
-5.70
-5.70
-4.50
-4.90
-5.00

4.11a: T1
[kN]

AvrEC8Ex1Gr1
AvrEC8Ex1Gr2a
AvrEC8Ex1Gr2b
AvrEC8Ex1Gr3
AvrEC8Ex1Gr4
AvrEC8Ex1Gr5

38

2 [kN]

3 [kN]

-684.76
-761.40
-758.50
-758.50
-757.80
-752.40
-752.40

-622.26
-698.90
-696.00
-696.00
-695.30
-689.9
-689.9

0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.10
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.10
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00

 4.
4.11b: T1
[kN m]

AvrEC8Ex1Gr1
AvrEC8Ex1Gr2a
AvrEC8Ex1Gr2b
AvrEC8Ex1Gr3
AvrEC8Ex1Gr4
AvrEC8Ex1Gr5

4.4

2 [kN m]

3 [kN m]

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.28
0.10
0.40
0.40
0.30
0.40
0.40

0.16
0.30
0.10
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.30

( G+E Q)
4.12:
1
[m] [m]

2
[m] [m]

3
[m] [m]

4
[m] [m]

5
[m] [m]

Midas Gen 4

4.50
4.46

3.75
3.75

4.50
4.48

3.75
3.75

4.50
4.48

3.75
3.75

4.50
4.48

3.75
3.75

4.50
4.44

3.75
3.75

5
STATIK 6
ETABS 6
SCADA Pro 6
Stereostatika 6

4.46
4.30
4.48
4.50
4.47

3.75
3.75
3.75
3.75
3.75

4.49
4.34
4.38
4.50
4.49

3.75
3.75
3.75
3.75
3.75

4.49
4.34
4.38
4.50
4.49

3.75
3.75
3.75
3.75
3.75

4.49
4.34
4.38
4.50
4.49

3.75
3.75
3.75
3.75
3.75

4.44
4.33
4.36
4.50
4.47

3.75
3.75
3.75
3.75
3.75

4.13: [t]
1

Midas Gen

90.77
90.77

88.34
88.34

88.34
88.34

88.34
88.34

66.00
66.16

STATIK
ETABS
SCADA Pro
Stereostatika

91.83
93.92
90.79
94.09
90.10

89.40
89.23
88.32
91.64
88.50

89.40
89.23
88.32
91.65
88.50

89.40
89.23
88.32
91.65
88.50

67.22
67.19
66.52
66.70
62.50

4
,
et al., 2011 , .
(AvrEC8Ex1Gr3).
5
: ' / ' (Dec. 2011), ,
URL: http://www.tol.com.gr/documentation/docsRAFVerification.php
6
, Michanikos.gr, URL: http://www.michanikos.gr/topic/32590-

39

 4.
4.14: m [t m2 ]
1

1038.19
1893.38

1010.42
1839.40

1010.42
1839.40

1010.42
1839.40

755.01
1344.43

Midas Gen

4.14,
.
,
, .
4.15a: BX2
[kN]

2 [kN]

3 [kN]

Midas Gen

0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00

-29.18
-33.60

-3.12
-3.10

26.39
27.50

0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00

STATIK
ETABS
SCADA Pro
Stereostatika

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

-29.95
-28.77
-29.28
-32.09
-27.40

26.98
20.07
24.52
26.19
28.90

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

4.15b: BX2
[kN m]

2 [kN m]

3 [kN m]

Midas Gen

0.04
0.00

0.04
0.00

0.04
0.00

0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00

-20.47
-24.40

10.18
11.40

-12.58
-13.30

STATIK
ETABS
SCADA Pro
Stereostatika

0.04
0.31
0.02
0.00
0.00

0.04
0.31
0.02
0.00
0.00

0.00
-0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.00

-21.02
-15.61
-19.84
-23.85
-23.40

-12.81
-11.75
-13.68
-10.36
-18.70

4.16a: C3
[kN]

40

2 [kN]

3 [kN]

Midas Gen

-327.14
-342.90

-312.34
-326.90

1.90
2.00

1.90
2.00

-1.54
-1.70

-1.54
-1.70

STATIK
ETABS
SCADA Pro
Stereostatika

-333.10
-331.37
-335.12
-325.00
-335.90

-318.30
-313.37
-317.23
-309.00
-267.30

1.94
2.22
1.72
2.00
1.80

1.94
2.22
1.72
2.00
1.80

-1.58
-2.51
-2.57
-1.62
-2.40

-1.58
-2.51
-2.57
-1.62
-2.40

 4.
4.16b: C3
[kN m]

2 [kN m]

3 [kN m]

Midas Gen

0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00

-2.01
-2.20

3.71
4.00

2.63
2.80

-4.41
-4.50

STATIK
ETABS
SCADA Pro
Stereostatika

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

-2.05
-2.91
-1.96
-2.87
-2.34

3.78
5.96
4.22
5.12
5.60

2.69
3.39
2.84
2.87
3.40

-4.50
-6.63
-4.78
-5.12
-6.00

4.17a: T1
[kN]

2 [kN]

3 [kN]

Midas Gen

-684.76
-757.80

-622.26
-695.30

0.03
0.00

0.03
0.00

0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00

STATIK
ETABS
SCADA Pro
Stereostatika

-691.35
-734.61
-753.24
-702.02
-659.60

-628.85
-672.11
-685.42
-639.52
-523.70

0.03
-0.68
0.01
-0.02
-0.10

0.03
-0.68
0.01
-0.02
-0.10

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

4.17b: T1
[kN m]

4.5

2 [kN m]

3 [kN m]

Midas Gen

0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00

0.28
0.30

0.16
0.20

STATIK
ETABS
SCADA Pro
Stereostatika

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.29
0.82
0.17
0.37
0.00

0.15
-1.90
-0.11
0.29
0.00

T1 2 . 9.1-21 (
et al., 2011) AvrEC8Ex1Eq3. ,
1.

41

 4.
4.18a: T1 2

AvrEC8Ex1Eq3

1
x [m] y [m]

2
x [m] y [m]

3
x [m] y [m]

0.0000
0.0000

0.0000
0.0000

0.0000
0.0000

-0.0033
-0.0034

-0.0069
-0.0070

-0.0103
-0.0106

4.18b:
T1 2

AvrEC8Ex1Eq3

4
x [m] y [m]

5
x [m] y [m]

0.0000
0.0000

0.0000
0.0000

-0.0132
-0.0136

-0.0155
-0.0160

, AvrEC8Ex1Eq3, , .
AvrEC8Ex1Eq3 .
, T1 ( )
.
4.19:

T1

[s]

[kN m]

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

0.884
0.601
0.320
0.274
0.184
0.149
0.103
0.097
0.092

0.0
-482.8
-520.0
0.0
-50.8
0.0
0.2
0.0
-69.1

2000 ( 3.4.3[1]), ( < ) (i j )

:
1 i
=
1 + 0.1

(4.3)

( %)

8 ( 4.3.3.3.2(1)),
i j ( j i )
:

j 0.9 i
42

(4.4)

 4.
T1 ,
ij ( 2000, 3.8), , .

ij =

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

8 2 (1 + ) 3/2

(4.5)

104 (1 2 )2 + 4 2 (1 + )2

1.0000

0.0611

0.0078

0.0055

0.0025

0.0017

0.0009

0.0008

0.0611

1.0000

0.0226

0.0141

0.0054

0.0035

0.0018

0.0016

0.0078

0.0226

1.0000

0.2921

0.0297

0.0149

0.0060

0.0052

0.0055

0.0141

0.2921

1.0000

0.0575

0.0243

0.0085

0.0074

0.0025

0.0054

0.0297

0.0575

1.0000

0.1819

0.0269

0.0219

0.0017

0.0035

0.0149

0.0243

0.1819

1.0000

0.0665

0.0496

0.0009

0.0018

0.0060

0.0085

0.0269

0.0665

1.0000

0.7348

0.0008

0.0016

0.0052

0.0074

0.0219

0.0496

0.7348

1.0000

0.0008

0.0014

0.0047

0.0066

0.0185

0.0393

0.4385

0.7809

0.0008

0.0014

0.0047

0.0066

0.0185

0.0393

0.4385

0.7809

1.0000

4.1: ij
2000 :

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

1
1

1
1

1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1
1 1 1 1

1 1 1
1 1 1

4.2: 2000
8 :

43

 4.
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

1
1

1 1

1 1 1
1 1

4.3: 8
, e :
e =

= [] [] []
( ij i j )
i j

(4.6)

:
i

( = 1, 2, )

CQC . , CQC 2000 8,

.
(SRSS). , .
4.20: T1

e [kN m]

CQC
CQC 2000
CQC 8
SRSS
ABS
LINEAR

724.3139
714.7471
714.7386
714.7386
1122.9000
-1122.9000

, CQC 8
2 = 899.22 kN m . 9.1-4 , 1.

44

 5

. , -, c
s .
. ,

, . , ,
.
, c
s () -
( f ) ( :
f : ).
,
< C50 -
2.
c [MPa]

c
ck

C90

60

C80
C70
C60
C55
C50

50
cd

40
30

C35

20

C20

10
.

.
c2

cu2

(a)

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 c [h]

(b)

5.1: -

cd [1 (1 ) ] 0 c c2
c =
c2

c2 c cu2
cd

(5.1)

45

 5.
:
2

90 ck 4

=
1.4 + 23.4

( 100 )

2
c2 [h] =
{2.0 + 0.85 (ck 50)0.53
3.5

90 ck 4
cu2 [h] =
2.6
+
35

( 100 )

ck < 50 MPa
ck 50 MPa
ck < 50 MPa
ck 50 MPa
ck < 50 MPa
ck 50 MPa

(5.2)
(5.2)
(5.2)

< C50, c2 = 2 h, cu2 = 3.5 h = 2, :

par =

= cd

c dc =

c 2
cd 1 (1
d =
[
0.002 ) ] c

500 2c (3 500 c )
3

:
c

c,par =

c c dc

c 2
cd c 1 (1
d
[
0.002 ) ] c
=
c
c 2
cd 1 (1
d
[

0.002 ) ] c
0

c (375 c 2)

500 c 3

c c2 = 2 h
par =

cd
750

1
800

c,par =

rect = cd (c c2 )

c c2
+ c2
+ c2 = c
2
2

c,rect =

(: c > c2 )

c,tot =

par c,par + rect c,rect

par + rect

+ 0.002
cd
1

+ cd (c 0.002) c
750
800
2
=
=
cd
+ cd (c 0.002)
750

1500000 2c 1
2000 (1500 c 1)

c,tot c , c
.
= 1
=
46

c,tot
c

1500000 2c 1

=
2000 (1500 c 1) c
1000 c 1

=1

2 2000 c (1500 c 1)

 5.
cd c .

par + rect

cd c
1500 c 1
=
1500 c

cd
+ cd (c 0.002)
750
=
=
cd c

c c2 = 2 h . :
= 1
=

c,par
c

=1

c (375 c 2)
500 c 3

1
=
c

1
1

4 4 (500 c 3)

500 2c (3 500 c )
3
=
=
=
cd c
cd c
500 c (3 500 c )
=
3
par

cd

, < C50, c2 = 2 h, cu2 = 3.5 h

500 c (3 500 c )

= 1500 31
c

1500 c
1
1

4
4

500
c 3 )

(
=
1000 c 1
1

2 2000 c (1500 c 1)

0 c 2 h
2 h c 3.5 h

(5.3)

0 c 2 h
2 h c 3.5 h

(5.4)

0.8

0.42

0.7

0.40

0.6
0.5

0.38

0.4

0.36

0.3

0.34

0.2

0.32

0.1
.

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 c [h]

5.2:

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 c [h]

5.3:

47

48

6.1

.
. ,
-.

, - , .
-
,
.

,
.

6.2

.
.

.
,
.
.

49

50

9
.
6.1a: BX2
[kN]
AvrEC8Ex1Eq1
AvrEC8Ex1Eq2a
AvrEC8Ex1Eq2b
AvrEC8Ex1Eq3
AvrEC8Ex1Eq4
AvrEC8Ex1Eq5

2 [kN]

3 [kN]

-97.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

-97.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

-97.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

73.80
72.10
72.10
71.70
60.70
56.90

73.80
72.10
72.10
71.70
60.70
56.90

73.80
72.10
72.10
71.70
60.70
56.90

6.1b: BX2
[kN m]
AvrEC8Ex1Eq1
AvrEC8Ex1Eq2a
AvrEC8Ex1Eq2b
AvrEC8Ex1Eq3
AvrEC8Ex1Eq4
AvrEC8Ex1Eq5

2 [kN m]

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

3 [kN m]

126.10
114.70
114.70
114.40
92.60
98.80

-6.80
-15.10
-15.10
-14.70
-16.70
-15.00

-139.60
-145.00
-144.80
-143.70
-125.90
-128.90

0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

-0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

6.1c: BX2
[kN]
AvrEC8Ex1Eq1
AvrEC8Ex1Eq2a
AvrEC8Ex1Eq2b
AvrEC8Ex1Eq3
AvrEC8Ex1Eq4
AvrEC8Ex1Eq5

2 [kN]

3 [kN]

-23.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

-23.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

-23.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

-0.90
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

-0.90
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

-0.90
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

18.20
18.00
18.00
18.40
16.20
15.30

18.20
18.00
18.00
18.40
16.20
15.30

18.20
18.00
18.00
18.40
16.20
15.30

51

 6.
6.1d: BX2
[kN m]
AvrEC8Ex1Eq1
AvrEC8Ex1Eq2a
AvrEC8Ex1Eq2b
AvrEC8Ex1Eq3
AvrEC8Ex1Eq4
AvrEC8Ex1Eq5

2 [kN m]

3 [kN m]

-0.20
-0.20
-0.20
-0.20
-0.20
-0.20

-0.20
-0.20
-0.20
-0.20
-0.20
-0.20

-0.20
-0.20
-0.20
-0.20
-0.20
-0.20

31.20
28.60
28.60
29.30
24.90
26.60

-1.60
-3.80
-3.80
-3.80
-4.30
-4.00

-34.40
-36.20
-36.20
-37.00
-33.60
-34.50

-1.70
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

1.70
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

6.2a: C3

[kN]
AvrEC8Ex1Eq1
AvrEC8Ex1Eq2a
AvrEC8Ex1Eq2b
AvrEC8Ex1Eq3
AvrEC8Ex1Eq4
AvrEC8Ex1Eq5

2 [kN]

3 [kN]

-180.80
-176.00
-176.40
-167.30
-143.60
-137.00

-180.80
-176.00
-176.40
-167.30
-143.60
-137.00

54.90
52.50
52.00
48.40
44.00
42.30

54.90
52.50
52.00
48.40
44.00
42.30

0.30
0.40
0.40
0.30
0.30
0.20

0.30
0.40
0.40
0.30
0.30
0.20

6.2b: C3
[kN m]
AvrEC8Ex1Eq1
AvrEC8Ex1Eq2a
AvrEC8Ex1Eq2b
AvrEC8Ex1Eq3
AvrEC8Ex1Eq4
AvrEC8Ex1Eq5

2 [kN m]

3 [kN m]

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.40
0.50
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.30

-0.60
-0.90
-0.90
-0.70
-0.70
-0.60

104.30
101.70
100.80
100.90
97.60
95.90

-82.40
-76.70
-75.80
-78.20
-78.40
-73.40

6.2c: C3
[kN]
AvrEC8Ex1Eq1
AvrEC8Ex1Eq2a
AvrEC8Ex1Eq2b
AvrEC8Ex1Eq3
AvrEC8Ex1Eq4
AvrEC8Ex1Eq5

52

2 [kN]

3 [kN]

128.10
129.30
129.30
126.70
105.20
99.60

128.10
129.30
129.30
126.70
105.20
99.60

17.00
16.40
16.40
17.30
15.30
14.70

17.00
16.40
16.40
17.30
15.30
14.70

50.00
47.60
47.60
48.50
43.20
41.50

50.00
47.60
47.60
48.50
43.20
41.50

 6.
6.2d: C3
[kN m]
AvrEC8Ex1Eq1
AvrEC8Ex1Eq2a
AvrEC8Ex1Eq2b
AvrEC8Ex1Eq3
AvrEC8Ex1Eq4
AvrEC8Ex1Eq5

2 [kN m]

3 [kN m]

0.90
0.70
0.70
0.90
1.00
1.00

0.90
0.70
0.70
0.90
1.00
1.00

93.40
90.90
90.90
99.10
94.40
92.30

-76.50
-70.90
-70.90
-80.40
-78.50
-73.50

31.60
30.90
30.90
34.90
33.10
32.40

-26.30
-24.80
-24.80
-29.20
-28.10
-26.50

6.3a: T1

[kN]
AvrEC8Ex1Eq1
AvrEC8Ex1Eq2a
AvrEC8Ex1Eq2b
AvrEC8Ex1Eq3
AvrEC8Ex1Eq4
AvrEC8Ex1Eq5

2 [kN]

3 [kN]

47.40
49.90
50.00
46.30
35.00
31.70

47.40
49.90
50.00
46.30
35.00
31.70

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

33.50
33.60
33.00
37.90
37.50
37.00

33.50
33.60
33.00
37.90
37.50
37.00

6.3b: T1

[kN m]
AvrEC8Ex1Eq1
AvrEC8Ex1Eq2a
AvrEC8Ex1Eq2b
AvrEC8Ex1Eq3
AvrEC8Ex1Eq4
AvrEC8Ex1Eq5

2 [kN m]

3 [kN m]

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

96.40
97.20
96.10
107.70
110.50
110.50

-37.70
-37.00
-35.80
-43.90
-39.50
-37.40

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

6.3c: T1

[kN]
AvrEC8Ex1Eq1
AvrEC8Ex1Eq2a
AvrEC8Ex1Eq2b
AvrEC8Ex1Eq3
AvrEC8Ex1Eq4
AvrEC8Ex1Eq5

2 [kN]

3 [kN]

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

-285.40
-279.30
-279.30
-288.20
-275.10
-272.90

-285.40
-279.30
-279.30
-288.20
-275.10
-272.90

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

53

 6.
6.3d: T1

[kN m]
AvrEC8Ex1Eq1
AvrEC8Ex1Eq2a
AvrEC8Ex1Eq2b
AvrEC8Ex1Eq3
AvrEC8Ex1Eq4
AvrEC8Ex1Eq5

54

2 [kN m]

3 [kN m]

2.50
2.50
2.50
3.10
3.30
3.30

2.50
2.50
2.50
3.10
3.30
3.30

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

-1073.50
-1101.90
-1101.80
-1122.80
-1132.50
-1145.00

68.20
15.50
15.50
29.90
-32.20
-53.50


Beton Kalender 1983 (1984), Beton Kalender 1984, Greek, trans. from German by . , . , . , . & . , vol. 1, 3 vols., Verlag von Wilhelm Ernst
& Sohn and . , ISBN: 978-9940-0-1829-0, URL: http://www.mgiurdas.gr/
book-118.aspx.
Beton Kalender 1983 (1984), Beton Kalender 1984, Greek, trans. from German by . , . & . , vol. 2, 3 vols., Verlag von Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn and . ,
ISBN: 978-9940-0-1830-6, URL: http://www.mgiurdas.gr/book-117.aspx.
Brendel G. (Jan. 1964), 'Strength of the Compression Slab of T-Beams Subject to Simple Bending', ACI
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Publications/ACIMaterialsJournal/ACIJournalSearch.aspx?m=details&ID=7766.
CSI Analysis Reference Manual For SAP2000, ETABS, SAFE and CSiBridge (Mar. 2013), GEN062708M1
Rev.8, Computers and Structures, Inc.
Kalluri R. (1999), 'Bending behavior of concrete T-beams reinforced with glass ber reinforced polymer
(GFRP) bars', M.Sc. thesis, West Virginia University, URL: http://wvuscholar.wvu.edu:1801/
webclient/MetadataManager?mid=6988&pid=4697.
Kkarslan S. (July 2010), 'A nite element study on the eective width of anged sections', M.Sc. thesis,
Middle East Technical University, URL: http : / / etd . lib . metu . edu . tr / oai / index . php /
record/view/32809.
Midas/Gen 2013 Analysis Manual (2013), MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.
Narayanan R. S. & Goodchild C. H. (2006), Concise Eurocode 2: For the design of in-situ concrete framed
buildings to BS EN 1992-1-1: 2004 and its UK National Annex: 2005, MPA, The Concrete Centre, ISBN:
978-1-904818-35-9, URL: http://www.concretecentre.com/online_services/publication_
library/publication_details.aspx?PublicationId=777.
Paulay T. & Priestley M. J. N. (1992), Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings,
Greek, ed. by . , trans. from English by . & . , with annots. by
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