Professional Documents
Culture Documents
θεατρικο παιχνιδι
θεατρικο παιχνιδι
4
.
1
1.1
..5
1.2
.7
2
2.1 . ..9
2.2. 1 . ..12
2.2.2 ..13
2.2.3 .....14
2.2.4 - ...
2.2.5 & . 15
2.2.6 - ...16
2.2.7 ....17
- ...18
: -..18
.3.1 - ..23
.3.1 - .....24
...29
3
3.1.
. ..30
3.2.
...32
3.3. .... ...34
4
4.1 :
48
4.2 :
...40
4.3 :
....44
4.4
.......46
4.5 :
48
.. ...68
...74
...78
..83
. ,
, 30
Unesco, 1999, ,
.
.1
,
,
18 2006, (2006/962/),
, ,
.
.
,
. .
,
Bailey, S., & Bajd, B. (1996). The generation of basic ecological concepts: an alternative approach, ,
. (eds.). :
, , . (eds.).
. : .
,
,
,
, , -
.
, ,
.
.2
). ,
, , . 3
Cuilford , 1950
, ,
. ,
.
,
- -
Barron Harrington ,
:
Barraza, L. (1999). Childrens drawings about the environment. Environmental Education Research, 5, 49-66.
Cheesman, O., & Key, R. (2007). The extinction of experience: a threat to insect conservation?, Stewart, A. J.
A., New, T. R., Lewis, O. T. (eds.). Insect conservation biology: proceedings of the Royal Entomological Societys
23rd symposium. Wallinford; Cambridge, Mass: CABI Chevallard, Y. (1985). La transposition didactique,
, . (eds.). : ,
. Montevideo, 16-18
2009
3
,
.4
.
,
, .
,
.
,
, , .
,
, , .
,
.
.5
,
,
.
, Gilford
.
, .
Bailey, S., & Bajd, B. (1996). The generation of basic ecological concepts: an alternative approach, ,
. (eds.). :
, , . (eds.).
. : .
1.
Bixler, R., Floyd, M., & Hammitt, W. (2002). Environmental socialization- Quantitative tests of the
,
, ,
, ,
6
Guilford (1967)
, , ,
. , ,
,
. ,
.
, ,
, ,
. ,
,
. ,
. 7
, ,
, , , ,
. ,
, ,
, , ,
.
. , , , .. ,
,
, ,
6
7
, 820
, 830
, ..
Gruber Davis
.
8
.
,
. ,
, ,
.
,
. ,
,
.9
,
.
,
,
8
9
, 840
Carey, S. (1985). Conceptual change in childhood, Inagaki, K., & Hatano, G. (eds.). Young childrens
conception of the biological world. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15(4), 177-181.
,
.
,
.
(content approach),
(skills approach
(infusion approach),
.10
,
.11
10
Cheesman, O., & Key, R. (2007). The extinction of experience: a threat to insect conservation?, Stewart,
A. J. A., New, T. R., Lewis, O. T. (eds.). Insect conservation biology: proceedings of the Royal Entomological
Societys 23rd symposium. Wallinford; Cambridge, Mass: CABI Chevallard, Y. (1985). La transposition
didactique, , . (eds.). :
, .
Montevideo, 16-18 2009
11
2
2.1 .
(= ,
, , )
- (= , ).
(). 12
,
,
.
.
,
. .
. .
13
. ,
, , 1976,
, ,
12
: . , : .
13
Driver, R., & Oldham, V. (1986). A constructivist approach to curriculum development in science, ,
. (eds.). :
, , . (eds.).
. : .
10
.14 ,
, ..
.
, , ,
,
,
.
,
, .
15
,
.
.
-,
. .
,
.
,
. ,
.
: ). : , ). : , ). :
, ). : ) (
14
Dunn, R. (2005). Modern insect extinctions, the neglected majority. Conservation Biology, 19, 1030-1036.
15
11
, , , , -,
...) :16
1.
2.
3.
4. .
, .
. ,
. ,
.
2.2
,
. , ,
. .
,
.
,
.17
,
.
, .
16
17
, 1046
, 1050
12
, . ,
. 18
) ,
, , , , ,
. ,
,
2.2. 1 .
. ,
, ,
, , , ,
. Kurt Lewin,
. B.Bass,
.
.
, .
. ,
,
.
, . ,
.
, , ,
18
, 1050
13
,
. Zander Cartwright (1970), :
, . 19
:
( , , ..)
( , )
(
)
, ,
(, ,
, )
, ,
, () ,
( ), ,
..) , , ,
( , , .) ( ,
, ..).20
19
Ergazaki, M., & Andriotou, E. (2008). From Forest Fires and Hunting to Disturbing Habitats and Food
Chains: Do Young Children Come up with any Ecological Interpretations of Human Interventions Within a
Forest. Research in Science Education, 40(2), 187-201
20
Fittkau, E., & Klinge, H. (1973). On biomass and tropic structure of the central Amazonian rain forest
ecosystem, Snaddon, J., Turner, E., & Foster, W. (eds.). Childrens Perceptions of Rainforest Biodiversity:
Which Animals Have the Lions Share of Environmental Awareness?. United Kingdom, Cambridge.
14
2.2.2
,
.
, , ,
.
, ,
. 21
,
, ,
, ,
.
..
, ,
. ,
,
, ,
, , .
.
21
Fittkau, E., & Klinge, H. (1973). On biomass and tropic structure of the central Amazonian rain forest
ecosystem, Snaddon, J., Turner, E., & Foster, W. (eds.). Childrens Perceptions of Rainforest Biodiversity:
Which Animals Have the Lions Share of Environmental Awareness?. United Kingdom, Cambridge.
15
2.2.3
: . , , , ,
, .
,
.
,
.
..
.22
,
.
, ,
. ,
, ,
, . ,
. 23
2.2.4 -
, .
(Emotional
22
Gelman, R., & Brennman, K. (2004). Science learning pathways for young children. Early childhood Research
23
Greaves, E., Stanisstreet, M., Boyes, E., & Williams, T. (1993). Childrens Ideas About Rain- Forests. Journal of
16
Intelligence).
Thorndike(1920) Howard
Gardner ,
.
Daniel Goleman, .
, .
,
: , ,
, , . Goleman
,
, , .
.24
2.2.5 & .
,
. , ,
. ,
,
,
.
,
( )
, .
Goleman(1995)
, .
,
, .25
24
25
,200
,220
17
, ,
.
, ,
.
,
,
, .
,
, ,
.
: ,
, .
26
2.2.6 -
. , .
, , .
, , ,
,
. ,
27
,
,
, .
26
27
,230
,240
18
, , ,
, , .
,
(,, , ). ,
. H , ,
,
.
2.2.7
Goleman(2000), ,
.
:
: .
: .
: .
:
.
: .
:
.
:
.
:
.
28
28
,250
19
-
,
3 4 .
: . .
, .
, .
,
.
.
.29
, , ,
, ,
. ,
.
,
. ,
.
. ,
, .
, :
,
.
, :
29
,260
20
, .
,
.
,
.
: . .
.30
, . .
, ,
: - ,
.
, .
. , ,
, .
, . 31
, ,
. ,
.
. ,
30
31
, 555
, 560
21
,
.32
, ,
, ,
.
,
,
, ,
. . .
, , ,
, .
,
.
, .
, ,
.
,
. ,
. .
,
.
, .33
.
, ,
, .
32
33
,600
,610
22
: .
.
.
.
,
.
, .
,
. . ,
. ,
. . , , .
:
,
.
,
, , , .
.
.34
- ,
, -
.
, .
,
- .
34
, 620
23
,
.
, -
. 35
: -.
,
. , .
. -
, .
, , , .
.
,
.
.
, ,
, ,
.36
35
Ergazaki, M., & Andriotou, E. (2008). From Forest Fires and Hunting to Disturbing Habitats and Food
Chains: Do Young Children Come up with any Ecological Interpretations of Human Interventions Within a
Forest. Research in Science Education, 40(2), 187-201.
36
Fittkau, E., & Klinge, H. (1973). On biomass and tropic structure of the central Amazonian rain forest
ecosystem, Snaddon, J., Turner, E., & Foster, W. (eds.). Childrens Perceptions of Rainforest Biodiversity:
Which Animals Have the Lions Share of Environmental Awareness?. United Kingdom, Cambridge.
24
2.3.1 -
,
, , , .
:
(-)
, :
-.
. :
37
- ( - )
37
25
2.3.2 .
. .
, , .
.
, .
,
(
, ).
, .
.
, , . ,
( ), ,
.
.38
.
,
. ,
. 39
38
,: ,,2003
39
, , . ,,1983
26
1. :
.
.
.
2. : ,
. ,
.
3. :
.
4. : ,
.
.
.
.
,
,
.
, , ,
, , . ,
. ,
. ,
.40
40
, . , . ,,2000
27
, ,
.
, : -
( ). ,
,
, ,
, , ,
.
, ,
. 41
-.
, , ,
.
.
,
,
.
, ,
.
. ,
,
2.
41
, .(2001) . , , :.
28
,
. 42
; , , ,
, .
,
, .
.
.
, , .
(,1997)
,
,
.
, .
.
.
43
.
.
, . ,
.
O .
, .
, , ,
.
, .
, ,
42
, . .1 , , , 1991 45
43
,48
29
.
,
. ,
,
, ,
,
..44
, , ,
,
.45
44
45
,50
,52
30
3
3.1.
,
, , .
,
.
. .
:
.
,
. .
, .
,
. (, 1991)
. :
1. : , ,
, ,
.46
. .
2. : ,
.
, .
, ,
46
,55
31
,
.
.
, ,
: .
, ,
, ,
.
, ,
,
.
, ,
, , -
. Drama in Education
. Dorothy
Heathcode: ,
,
, .47
.
,
.
47
, .(1990) .1 , : .
. & . .1 , .,2001
32
,
.
. ,
, .
,
.
.
, .
, .48
,
, ,
.
, , .
.
,
,
, .
, ,
:
.
, :
, ,
, , ,
.49
48
. & . .1 , .,2001
49
. ,. 1 , , ,2007,80
33
, , . , .
. ,
, . 50
,
.
3.2.
,
.
.
, ,
. ,
.
.
, ,
, , ,
. (1989,:32)
: -
.
,
. .
. ,
50
, 85
34
,
. 51
. ,
. ,
, . .
,
,
, .
-
.
, ,
.
, , ,
, , ,
. ,
,
. , ,
.
, ,
. 52
,
,
. ,
, .
,
, .
,
3.
51
, . , , .
,2001
52
, 88
35
,
.53
,
, ,
, .
3.3.
.
, .
:
, .
, ,
, , .
, . (,
, ), .
, ,
.
, ,
. .
53
,90
36
, .54
, .
, ,
.
,
, , , .
,
, . 55
, ,
, , . ,
,
. ,
:
,
, ,
,
.
,
, :
54
55
, , , , .
,92
,98
37
, , , ,
, .
: , , ..
, , .
, .
, .
(, , , , , )
, .
, , .
, ..56
- .
, : , , ,
, , , ,
, , , , ..
,
: , , , , ,
, .57
,
. .
:
, , ,
.
(, , , , , .
56
57
, ,
,101
,103
38
(.. )
(.. ,
, ..
.
.
, ,
.
, .
, .
. 58
,
, .
,
.
. , ,
,
, , .59
58
59
,107
,110
39
,
.
.
, ,
. .
, .
, ,
.60
,
, ,
.
-
. , ,
.61
, , ,
, ,
, . ,
,
.62
, ,
.
60
,120
,130
62
,140
61
40
, , .
, ,
.
,
, .
, , .
, ,
.
,
,
,
, .
4.1
,
.
. ,
, media
, .
, . ,
2,5 10 , ,
.63
63
Barraza, L. (1999). Childrens drawings about the environment. Environmental Education Research, 5, 49-66.
41
, , ,
.
(. Robert Pyle
,
- .
,
(Snaddon et al, 2008).
,
.64
,
.
65. ,
.
. , ,
,
, ,
. , ,
, .
Snaddon et al (2008),
,
, . ,
, ,
(. , ),
(. ). ,
64
65
,68
,70
42
,
, , ,
. .
. 66
,
. ,
,
,
4.2
,
,
, ..67
, (2000),
. , ,
, 50%
.68
.
,
,
.
66
,75
, 80
68
, 85
67
43
.
, 108
, ,
. ,
.
. :
(
)
(
)
[
( , ),
]
(
)
[
,
, .69
,
,
. ,
.
69
,87
44
4.3 :
, ,
, Palmer (1994)
.
- ,
, .
.
, ,
.
, , , ,
. , Palmer
,
, .
124 , 4-5 , .
70
, 5%
,
, 7%
. 87% ,
, ,
.
, 4%
, 47% .
, 49%,
, . 71
70
Carey, S. (1985). Conceptual change in childhood, Inagaki, K., & Hatano, G. (eds.). Young childrens
conception of the biological world. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15(4), 177-181.
71
, 185
45
,
,
.
(.
...). ,
.
,
,
. , ,
,
. ,
,
.
72.
, , Osborne et al (1992), ,
5-7 ,
,
. 73
Palmer Suggate (1996),
,
. , 40%
, 30%
. , 50%
72
73
,187
, 189
46
,
. 74
Ergazaki Andriotou (2008)
, .
, ,
.
("
"), (
)
( ).
,
, ,
, , .
(. ),
.
10%, 27,1%
32,9% . ,
32,9%, .
4.4
(2005)
,
(, ,
) .
,
74
, 190
47
,
. ,
,
. 75
. ,
, , ,
. 76
, ,
,
. , , ,
(, 2005), .
,
Kolhberg (1969) Piaget (1932) (, ,
) . Tilbury (1994),
,
, .
, Sabo (2010)
. ,
: 77
75
, 200
,210
77
,215
76
48
.
,
,
, ,
,
(Knapp, 1983), , ,
.
,
/ ,
, , / ,
, .78
4.5 :
.
. ,
.. ,
, ,
,
. ,
, ,
.
. , ,
78
,220
49
, , . ,
,
, , , ,
.
, .
. kpe-kastor.kas.sch.gr:
.
79
,
.
. ,
.
.
, ,
.
,
. , ,
.
, ,
.80
, , ,
. ,
.
, ,
.
, ,
79
80
,225
,230
50
, , , , , , , ,
, , , , .81
81
,235
51
.
-
: ,
.
,
, ,
, ,
.82
:
. 20-25 ( ). 3 .
1.
-
,
.
, , , , .
, .
.
.
,
. ,
, ,
.83
82
, . & ., .1 , ,2002, 59
83
,60
52
2.
--
,
,.
. : , ,
-
3.
--
,
, .
,
.
.
.
, .
:
, , , (,
, , ).84
.
1.
: .
84
,77
53
.
,
, .. ,
..
, , ...
2.
, stop
.
. .
.
.
, ,
.
, , ,
(
, )
( ) .
,
, .85
3.
. stop .
( , , , ,
, , , ..)
85
,80
54
,
.86
4.
) .
.
.
.
.
) .
.
, .
.
, .
:
, . PeterBrook
. ,
,
.87
,
86
87
, 82
,90
55
.
,
, , ,
( ,
, )
.. . To , O
. .88
: , ,
: 20
: 3-5
:
:
.
.
(
)
: ! !
! !!!
88
,95
56
! !
, , ! ! !
: ! ! (
).
! !
!!!
; ;89
! ,
; () !!!
!
, .
!
; :
, .
89
,102
57
.
. ( ).
, , , , , , !
!
( ).
, ;
, ;
() ---; --- ; ; !
!90
()
; ;
, !
!
;
;
90
,103
58
, ,
, ;
! ;
, ! ,
.
!!! , !
! ( ): , , ; ; , , .
, , !
! ! !
! , !
!91
;
,
, !
!.. .
! ,
!!! , !( ) ;
( )
! ;
91
, 104
59
:
! ;
! ;
; ;
! ! !
, ;
() . 92
, , ! , !
!
, ! !
, !
92
, 106
60
, !
! ;
; !
! , ; ; ; ,
! ( ).
! , , ! !
, , , ! , , 93
, . !
-
-
; ;
, ! ,
; ( ) ;
!
-
! !
, ,
!
93
, 108
61
,
, ; ; , ;
; ; ,
,
; , , ; ;
, , , ! !
,
. ,
! ! !
-
, , ! ,
! , . . ()94
, ! , .
! , ;
94
, 110
62
( ) , ! ,
: ;
! ;
!
, ;95
, ! , ! , !
!
, , ;
;
; ; ,
; , ;
, , . ,
; !96
! , !
. ! , , ;
;
! , ! !
95
96
, 120
,112
63
, ! , ! !
, ! !
!
, . , ;
-
! ;
, , , ! ;
, , , !
, !
; ;
, , ;
, ; ,
, ;
,
, , ,
; ( ) , ; ;
64
; ;
;97
, , !
; ;
, , ,
, 98 !
!
, (
)
! !
,
! ,
! , ! ! ,
! ! !
, !
! , , ! ,
; ,
:
, ! , ; ;
; ;
97
98
, 114
, 116
65
, ,
. ,
, ,
!
!
!
( )
: ! ! (
1. : .
;
.
: , .
: 20
: 3-5
:
, . .
,
. . (
, ).
66
.
( )
,
.
( ).
,
, , , (
) .
.
,
.99
( )
:
.100
:
,
99
, 120
, 140
100
67
2. Electricity ( )
:
.
: .
: 15
:3-5
: 1,2,3
. 3 : 1, 2, 3
3 -.
: electricity ( , .. , ),
. 2-3 ,
( )
, electricity
. (.. )
,
.
: .
( )
, , , , -,
68
( )
, , , ,
( - )
, , , ,
( )
, , ,
3. - 101
:
:
:20
: 3-5
:
. , ,
, 1 .
, -
. -
. ,
-,
.
, .
.
:
101
, 144
69
- 1 ,
, 2 , , .
..
1 :
8.800. ()
!!!!! (
)
()
.
8.800.
. 8.800.
.
,
. 1953 ,
. , , ,
. .
2009 ,
70
. , ,
203
8.800., .
Chomolungma, , .102
2 :
-!!!
!!!!!
, -
super
( )
(--)
3. ( ,
) 103
: .
:
102
103
, 146
, 147
71
: 10
:3-5
: - .
2 .
+
( ).
+
, .
.
:
.
(
) -
-.
-
(
).
(.. = , =, =,
=)
( - )
.
,
.
-- -
.
4-5 ,
.104
- :
104
, 148
72
. 1-2
2 , ,
. (
). , ,
, .
.
.
. ,
.
.
,
.
) ).
.
73
,
.
,
. ,
.
. ,
, .
. ,
,
, , .105
. ,
. ,
, . -
.
,
,
.
, . -
- .
, .
,
(, , ..).
,
.
, ,
105
, 149
74
,
.
, ,
.
.
,
.106
- .
. ,
.
.
,
.
, , ,
, .
.
,
.
, , .
,
.
, ,
,
- .
, . .
, ,
106
, 150
75
, . ,
.
, -
- .
,
, ,
.
- ,
, .
-
, .
.
. ,
,
,
.
.
,
.
,
.
,
. , ,
, .
76
,
.
,
, ,
. , ,
.
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
:
, , ,
, - , ,
.
,
,
,
, ,
, , , .
77
, ,
, ,
, ,
,
, .
, ,
- , , ,
, -
,
.
,
, :
,
,
,
,
( ,
, , ,
, , , ,
.).
,
- -,
, , ,
,
, , .
78
,
, , - ,
:
,.
.
, , .
, , ,
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
1. Bailey, S., & Bajd, B. (1996). The generation of basic ecological concepts: an
alternative approach, , . (eds.).
: ,
79
, . (eds.).
. : .
2. Barraza, L. (1999). Childrens drawings about the environment. Environmental
Education Research, 5, 49-66.
3. Bixler, R., Floyd, M., & Hammitt, W. (2002). Environmental socialization- Quantitative
tests of the childhood play hypothesis. Environment and Behaviour, 34, 795-818.
4. Carey, S. (1985). Conceptual change in childhood, Inagaki, K., & Hatano, G. (eds.).
Young childrens conception of the biological world. Current Directions in
Psychological Science, 15(4), 177-181.
5. Cheesman, O., & Key, R. (2007). The extinction of experience: a threat to insect
conservation?, Stewart, A. J. A., New, T. R., Lewis, O. T. (eds.). Insect conservation
biology: proceedings of the Royal Entomological Societys 23rd symposium.
Wallinford; Cambridge, Mass: CABI Chevallard, Y. (1985). La transposition
didactique, , . (eds.). :
,
. Montevideo, 16-18
2009.
6. De Vries, R., Kohlberg, L. (1987). Programs of early education, , .
(eds.). :
. , : .
7. Driver, R., & Oldham, V. (1986). A constructivist approach to curriculum development
in science, , . (eds.).
: , , .
(eds.).
. : .
8. Duckworth, E. (1978). The African Primary Science Program: An evaluation and
extended thoughts, , . (eds.). :
. , : .
9. Dunn, R. (2005). Modern insect extinctions, the neglected majority. Conservation
Biology, 19, 1030-1036.
10. Ergazaki, M., & Andriotou, E. (2008). From Forest Fires and Hunting to Disturbing
Habitats and Food Chains: Do Young Children Come up with any Ecological
80
:
, 1
(. 381-388). , 23-25 2005.
21. Matthews, R., Flage, L., & Matthews, J. (1997). Insects as teaching tools in primary and
secondary education. Annual Review of Entomology, 42, 269-289.
22. easham, T. (2006). Learning about environments: The significance of primal landscapes.
Environmental Management, 38, 426-434.
23. Meredith, J. et al (2000). Best Practices for Environmental Education: Guidelines for
success. A project of Ohio EE 2000: A strategic plan for environmental education in
Ohio. Ohio: Environmental Education Council of Ohio.
24. Miller, J. (2005). Biodiversity conservation and the extinction of experience. Trends in
Ecology & Evolution, 20, 430-434.
. ,. 1 , , ,2007
,
. , ,
, , . 4-
6 .
.
;
. .
.
.
,
.
.
;
83
. .
.
;
,
.
.
;
. .
.
.
,
.
.
;
.
.
84
, , .
.
.
, , .
;
.
;
85
?
,
.
, , .
;
, ,
, .
86