TRNG I HC B RA VNG TU

KHOA HA HC V CNG NGH THC PHM

CNG NGH
DU KH
Ths: Lu Sn Tng
TNG QUAN V M BCH H
Bch H l m du ln nht nm trn thm lc a nam Vit Nam,
cch thnh ph cng Vng Tu - cn c dch v k thut sn xut
ca X nghip lin doanh Vietsovpetro (XNLD VSP) 120 km. Du
c bt u khai thc t m Bch H vo nm 1986.
H thng cc cng trnh chnh xy dng ti m gm c:
1. Cc gin c nh: MSP 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11;
2. Cc gin nh: BK-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9; 10.
3. Gin cng ngh trung tm CTP-2 v CTP-3;
4. Gin duy tr p sut va: PPD-40000, PPD-30000;
5. Gin nn kh trung tm CKP;
6. Trm nn kh nh MKC;
7. 03 trm rt du khng bn: UBN-1, UBN-3, UBN-4;
8. Hn 370 km ng ng ngm (ung ng ni trn y bin);
9. Hn 25 km cp in ngm 6.3 kV (cp in ni trn y bin).
Gin c nh dng MSP
Cc gin c nh dng MSP c chc
nng khoan (s dng t hp khoan
c nh) v vn hnh khai thc 16
18 ging vi su n 5000 m.
Kt cu ca gin bao gm cc phn
chnh sau:
- Thng tng bao gm 2 (hoc 1)
tng;
- Dm chu lc;
- 02 khi chn ;
- Cc sn cp tu;
- Cc ging cng cc ng chng v
ng cch nc.
Hai chn l kt cu khng gian rng
hnh chp ct gm c 8 ct ng
(812,820,62 mm), cc ng ngang v
ng xin 720x16 mm , 609.6x12.7 mm,
530x12 mm, 480x12mm, 426x12 mm.
Hai chn c t c nh xung
y bin bi 48 cc 72020 mm, mi
ct ng c 1 cc chnh v 2 cc ph,
khong khng gian hnh xuyn gia
ng v cc c bm y xi mng.
Vt liu thp ng: -20-28-40-48-79,
API 5L Gr X60, API 5L Gr X52, API
5L
GrB, 34 8731-73.
Khi chn
Gin cng ngh trung tm l ni tip nhn cc sn phm t cc
ging khai thc, x l thnh du thng phm bm ra UBN,
x l nc va, thu gom v vn chuyn kh ng hnh n gin
nn trung tm, tn dng kh thi v kh x s c a ra h thng
uc.
Gin CTP-2 c xy dng trn c s gin MSP nhng thay
th hng lot cc trang thit b thng tng.
Gin cng ngh trung tmCTP-2, CTP-3
L gin nh c t 6 n 12 ging
c khoan t phng tin khoan
t nng, trn trang b cc my
mc thit b cng ngh x l s
b du khai thc.
V kt cu, BK gm cc thnh
phn chnh sau:
1. Thng tng (TS);
2. Dm chu lc (MSF);
3. Chn ;
4. Cc sn cp tu (tng t sn
cp tu ca MSP)
5. Cc ging cng cc ng chng
v ng cch nc.
Gin nh (BK)
Gin nn kh trung tm tn
dng kh ng hnh m Bch H.
Trn trang b my nn kh
cung cp cho h thng khai thc
bng gaslift, cung cp kh nhin
liu cho my pht iezen chy
kh, m bo vic a kh v b.
Kt cu ca gin gm cc thnh
phn chnh sau:
1. Thng tng (TS);
2. Chn (OB);
3. Cc sn cp tu (tng t nh
ca MSP, BK).
Thng tng CKP l mt module
c lp.
Gin nn kh trung tm (CKP)
Trm nn kh nh c chc nng
nh gin nn trung tm, ch khc
bit cng sut v theo thit k
khc.
Kt cu ca gin gm cc thnh
phn chnh sau:
1. Thng tng (TS);
2. Dm chu lc;
3. Chn (B)- chn OB2
MSP;
4. Cc sn cp tu (tng t nh
ca MSP).
Trm nn kh nh (MKS)
Gin PPD c cng dng x l v bm nc p va, gm cc
thnh phn chnh sau:
Kt cu ca gin PPD gm cc thnh phn chnh sau:
1. Thng tng (TS);
2. Dm chu lc;
3. Chn (OB) cng cc ng u ht ca bm v cc kt
cha nc thi;
4. Cc sn cp tu (tng t nh ca MSP, BK).
Gin bm p va PPD
Gin ng ng (RB) c lp t
trn cc chn ring bit, c th
c thng tng vi my mc cng
ngh vi cng dng lp t v
kt ni cc phn ng ng ca
ng ng ngm, cc ng ng
transit gia cc gin vi nhau v
gia cc gin vi cc cu dn.
Cc block trung gian c lp t
trn cc chn c lp cc
cu dn, cc ng ng transit.
Cc gin ng ng v chn
trung gian
Khu nh c lp t trn cc
chn ring bit, gm c:
1. Thng tng vi cc khi nh ,
sn bay v cc trang b xung cu
sinh;
2. Dm chu lc (MSF);
3. Chn ;
4. Cc sn cp tu (tng t sn
cp tu ca MSP).
Cc khu nh
Cc cu dn c cng dng cho
ngi i li v t cc ng
ng gia cc gin, gia gin v cc
chn trung gian (gin ng ng),
h thng uc. Cu dn c cc
phn sau:
- Kt cu kim loi;
- ng ng v cc gi kp;
- ng i b, lan can bo v, cc
thang ln xung.
Kt cu ca cu l khi tam din
hay t din, mi mt l gin phng
c ch to t thp ng.
Cc cu dn
di ca cu: 23-80 m, khi
lng 15-300 tn.
H thng neo ngm ca
UBN gm c:
1. Xch neo, 8 chic cho mi
UBN 1,2,3,4
2. Moc ni;
3. Cc cc neo (theo thit k
cc cc neo phi c ng
su di mt y bin t
nhin).
di nhnh xch L=300-
480 m. ng knh xch 95-
133 mm.
Tng di xch 11.5 km.
Tng khi lng xch ~4000
tn.
Cc neo thp ng
203250 mm
H thng neo tu UBN
Cc tuyn ng ng
trn bin
TNG QUAN V M RNG V NAM RNG I MI
M Rng v Nam Rng - i Mi (gi tt: Rng i Mi)
nm trn din tch khong 440 km2, 24.2 km t Bc sang Nam
v 18,2 km t Ty sang ng, ti l 09-1 thm lc a nam Vit
Nam, cch thnh ph cng Vng Tu - cn c dch v k thut
sn xut ca Lin doanh Vit-Nga Vietsovpetro (Vietsovpetro)
120km. Thnh ph Vng Tu ni vi thnh ph H Ch Minh
125 km ng b, v 80 km ng thy cho hu ht cc loi
tu thy.
Khoan thm d trn din tch m Rng - i Mi c thc
hin bng gan khoan t nng (GKTN). Ngun in c dng
trong qu trnh khoan l my pht in ng c t trong.
Ngun in c dng cho cc cn c sn xut ca
Vietsovpetro v thnh ph Vng Tu l ngun cp in 35 .
H thng cc cng trnh bin xy dng ti m Rng - i Mi
gm c:
- Cc gin c nh, RP-1, 2, 3.
- Cc gin nh, RC-1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, RC-DM;
- Gin nn kh DGCP;
- Trm rt du khng bn UBN-3 vi PLEM v h thng neo;
- Khong 364 km ng ng nm trn y bin;
- Khong 68 km cp in ngm 22 kV 6,3 kV nm trn y
bin.
Cc gin c nh dng RP c chc
nng khoan (s dng 01 t hp
khoan c nh) v vn hnh khai
thc 16 18 ging vi su
3000-5000 .
Kt cu ca gin bao gm cc phn
chnh sau:
1. Thng tng bao gm 2 tng
(TT);
2. Dm chu lc (DCL);
3. 02 khi chn . (KC);
4. Cc sn cp tu (SCT) ;
5. Cc ging cng cc ng chng
v ng cch nc.
Gin c nh dng RP
Gin nh RC l gin nh c t 6 n 12 ging c
khoan t phng tin khoan t nng, trn trang b
cc my mc thit b cng ngh x l s b du
khai thc.
V kt cu, RC gm cc thnh phn chnh sau:
1. Thng tng (TS);
2. Dm chu lc (DCL);
3. Chn ;
4. Cc sn cp tu (tng t sn cp tu ca RP)
5. Cc ging cng cc ng chng v ng cch nc.
Gin nh
Gin nn kh DGCP dng tn
dng kh ng hnh m Rng - i
Mi.Trn trang b my nn kh
cung cp cho h thng khai thc
bng gaslift, cung cp kh nhin
liu cho my pht iezen chy kh,
m bo vic a kh v b
Kt cu ca gin gm cc thnh
phn chnh sau:
1. Thng tng (TT);
2. Khi Chn (KC);
3. Khung dm chu lc vi cn ng
x kh v cn trc .
4. Cc sn cp tu (tng t nh
ca RP, RC).
Thng tng DGCP l mt cm
module c lp
Gin nn kh DGCP
TNH CHT VT L V NHNG TIU CHUN
NH GI DU M
Tnh cht bay hi ca du m hay cc sn phm ca n c
ngha rt ln trong qu trnh bo qun, vn chuyn cng nh trong
qu trnh s dng. V vy y l mt tnh cht ht sc quan trng
ca du m.
Thnh phn ct l khi nim dng biu din phn trm ca
mu bay hi trong iu kin tin hnh th nghim theo nhit
hoc ngc li nhit theo phn trm thu c khi tin hnh
chng ct mu.
Thc t ngi ta s dng nhng khi nim sau.
Nhit si u: L nhit c c trn nhit k vo lc
git cht lng ngng t u tin chy ra t cui ng ngng t.
Nhit si cui: L nhit cao nht t c trong qa trnh
chng ct.
Nhit si 10%(t10%), t50%, t90%, t95%, ... L nhit c
trn nhit k tng ng khi thu c 10%, 50%, 90%, 95% ...
cht lng ngng t trong ng thu.
ng cong biu din mi quan h gia phn ct thu c v nhit
c gi l ng cong chng ct. Tu theo thit b s dng khi
tin hnh chng ct m ta c nhiu loi ng cong khc nhau nh
ng cong chng ct n gin, ng cong imsi thc
Khi cn phn tch nhanh thng i vi cc sn phm nh
ca du m ngi ta tin hnh trn b chng ct tiu chun
Engler v ng cong thu c l ng cong chng ct
Engler hay ng cong chng ct ASTM D 86. (American
Society for Testing and Materials)
Thit b chng ct Engler th cht lng ca mu b un
nng nn bay hi ri qua b phn lm lnh ngng t
sau chy vo ng ong, nh vy y l qu trnh chng
ct vi kh nng phn chia khng trit .
bo m tt qu trnh phn chia cc cu t th ngi ta s dng
b chng ct vi phn chia nghim ngt hn (thit b chng ct
c s a tng ng vi 15 a l thuyt ch s hi lu bng 5),
tin hnh chng ct theo tiu chun ASTM D 2892. ng cong
thu c y c phn chia rt ln nn c gi l ng cong
im si thc hay thng gi l ng cong TBP (True Boiling
Point).
ASTMD 3710 xc nh ng cong chng ct xng nh bng
sc k kh;
ASTM D 1078 xc nh ng cong chng ct cht lng hu
c bay hi;
ASTM D 1160 xc nh ng cong chng ct p sut chn
khng ca cc phn on c nhit si cao.
NI DUNG
1. Gii thiu v kh thin nhin v kh du m
2. Qu trnh cng ngh ch bin kh
3. Lm sch kh khi cc tp cht c hc
4. Tch condensat
5. Kh nc
6.Kh acide
7. Tch cc phn on hydrocarbon
8. Tch nito, Thy ngn, Hli
1. GII THIU V KH THIN
NHIN V KH DU M
1.1. Ngun gc v phn loi
1.2. Thnh phn v c tnh
1.3. Tnh hnh ch bin v s dng
kh thin nhin v kh du m
Ngun gc ca kh thin nhin v
kh du m
Cng ngun gc vi du m
C ngun gc t vt liu hu c ban
u
Tch ng cc vt liu hu c ban u
Bin i cc cht hu c thnh hydrocarbon
Du kh chuyn n cc b cha
Du kh tip tc bin i trong b cha
Cc giai on to thnh du m
Phn loi
Kh thin nhin: Khai thc t cc m kh ring bit
Kh du m (kh ng hnh): Thu c trong qu trnh khai thc du.
Condensat: Thc cht l phn ui ca kh v phn u ca du.
Theo ngun gc
Kh chua: Hm lng H
2
S > 1% th tch v CO
2
> 2% th tch.
Kh ngt: Hm lng H
2
S 1% th tch v CO
2
2% th tch
Theo hm lng acide
Kh bo: Giu propan, butan v Hydrocarbure nng (> 150 g/cm
3
). Kh ny ch to xng
(LGN), kh ha lng (LPG) v tng hp hu c.
Kh gy: Cha t hydrocarbure nng ( < 50 g/cm
3
). . S dng lm nhin liu cho cng nghip v
i sng.
Theo thnh phn C
3
+
Kh kh: C
2
+
10%
Kh m: : C2+ > 10%
Theo thnh phn C
2
+
Thnh phn kh
Cu t c bn: metan, etan, propan, n-butan v
iso butan
Pentan v cc hydrocarbure no mch thng chim
mt lng khng ng k
H2S: Thc t hm lng H2S rt nh (<1% th tch), ch c mt s
m kh c v CEI l c H2S > 10%
CO2, N2: Thng xuyn c mt trong kh thin nhin v kh du
m: CO2: 0,5 -10% (c th t 70%); N2: 0,5 5% (c th t hn
25%)
Ngoi ra cn cha tp cht nh H2S, CO2, N2,
He v Hg
Kh thin nhin c thnh phn ch yu l metan (80
99% th tch).
Cc m kh thin nhin l cc ti kh nmsu di mt t v thnh
phn kh bt c v tr no ca ti kh cng ging nhau (do trong pha
kh cc cu t c phn tn trong nhau rt u) Thnh phn kh
khng ph thuc vo v tr khai thc
Kh du m c thnh phn ch yu l metan, ngoi ra
cn c etan, propan, butan v cc hydrocarbur c hm
lng ln hn trong kh thin nhin
Thnh phn ca kh du m thay i trong mt phmvi kh rng ty
theo m du khai thc, v tr khai thc v thi gian khai thc. Cc m
du thng tn ti di p sut cao nn mt phn cc hydrocarbur
trng thi kh ha tan trong pha lng, Khi khai thc ln mt t, p
sut gim lng kh s thot ra.Thi gian khai thc cng di p
sut ca kh trn b mt pha lng gim dn Kh cng nng.
Thnh phn kh du m mt s m du
kh ca Vit Nam
Tnh cht vt l
Kh hydrocarbon khng mu, khng mi, khng
v do vy khi s dng ngi ta thm cht to
mi ty theo mc an ton
Tnh tan ca chng khng ging nhau, khng
trn ln vi nc v c th tan d dng trong
cc cht m v cht hu c
im si ca n-paraffine tng dn theo s
nguyn t Carbon c trong mch
Tnh hnh ch bin v s dng
kh thin nhin v kh du m
Kh thin nhin v kh du m l ngun nguyn liu quan trong cho cng
nghip ha du ni ring v ha hc ni chung.
Sng Hng
Cu Long
Nam Cn Sn
M Lai Chu Th
Min Trung
Tim nng v kh ca Vit Nam tp trung ti 5 b chnh:
Hin nay ch c 2 b c tr lng thng mi l Cu Long v Nam Cn
Sn thuc thm lc a pha Nam. Trong m du Bch H v Rng
thuc b Cu Long v ang cho sn lng khai thc kh du m quan
trng nht.
Tnh hnh sn xut kh thin nhin trn th gii (n v =
10
6
tep = triu tn du tng ng; 1 tn GNL = 2,2m
3
GNL
=1350m
3
kh)
Tnh hnh tiu th kh thin nhin
trn th gii (n v = tep)
Tim nng kh Vit Nam
ng dng ca kh
S dng cho ngnh cng nghip in
S dng cho qu trnh bc x nhit
L nguyn liu trong sn xut
S dng trong cng nghip giao thng vn ti
S dng sn xut phn m
S dng sn xut methanol
S dng cho lin hp in m
Trin vng ca ngnh cng nghip kh
Cng nghip: 14%
Phn m: 6%
Vn ti: 0%
in: 30%
LNG: 31%
Xut khu sang Thi Lan: 19%
Nhu cu s dng kh trong nm 2010:
2. QU TRNH CNG NGH
CH BIN KH
S qu trnh ch bin kh