SS 11 - Unit 1-0 - Reading Guides

Social Studies 11 Unit 1-1
Reading Guide Key

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A Different Canada
Resource: Counterpoints: Exploring Canadian Issues, Chapter 1
Introduction
1. Describe five changes in Canadas borders between 1905 and 2005.
The North West Territories included much of northern Ontario,
The North West Territories included much of northern Quebec,
The North West Territories included much of northern Manitoba,
Nunaut did not exist,
!abrador "as much smaller#
2. What was Canadas pop!ation in"
1911 $ %,&'','''
2000 $ approximatel( )',''','''
Society and Manners
#. Where did $ost Canadians !ive in 1900%
On farms or in small illages#
&. 'dentif( severa! )ictoria era va!es in Canada.
*amilies "ere expected to attend church#
+upport for ,ritain and the monarch(#
-alued honour, irtue, and dut(#
*amilies "ere expected to ta.e care of their members#
/ard "or. "as re"arded# 0oert( "as the result of la1iness#
5. Describe how wo$en were treated in the ear!( 1900s.
/ad fe" rights oer propert( or their children after marriage#
+alar( belonged to their husband#
Were not considered persons b( the la"#
Mainl( found "or. as serants or in factories#
*. Define the ter$ suffragist.
Women "ho campaigned for the right to ote#
+ 2005 ,etter C!assroo$ -ideboo.s /age 1
0. 'dentif( severa! goa!s of the sffragists.
2ight to ote#
To address the social problems of their da(#
To ban alcohol#
1. Who was Nellie McClung%
3 Canadian suffragist#
9. Describe how each of the fo!!owing inf!enced Canadian c!tre"
2c( 3ad 3ontgo$er(" author of the noel 43nne of 5reen 5ables6#
4tephen 2eacoc." humourist7 author of the +unshine +.etches 86
5rnest 6ho$pson 4eton" author of animal stories#
/a!ine 7ohnson" Moha". poetess "ho "rote about her heritage#
8o$er 7ohnson" painter of farm scenes of Ontario#
9:ias 2edc" Quebec painter of landscapes and religious themes#
Still a British ation
10. Who was responsib!e for sett!ing Canadas disptes with other nations in 1900%
The ,ritish goernment#
11. What was at sta.e in the 3las.a ,oundar( 9ispute%
Control of access to the :u.on gold fields#
12. Wh( $ight ,ritain not have spported Canadas desire to contro! the 2(nn Cana! in ;!as.a%
,ritain did not "ant a conflict "ith the ;+ during or after the ,oer War#
1#. Define the ter$ imperialist.
0eople "ho "ant to ta.e oer other lands#
1&. Wh( did $an( 5ng!ish Canadians spport ,ritain in the ,oer War%
The( shared ,ritain<s desire to expand the Empire#
15. Wh( were <rench spea.ing Canadians not enthsiastic spporters of the ,ritish 5$pire%
The( sa" themseles as Canadian and separate from the ,ritish and their Empire#
1*. Define the ter$ nationalist.
3 person "ho feels strongl( about the interests of their countr(#
10. Wh( did 8enri ,orassa resign fro$ Wi!fred 2ariers govern$ent%
/e opposed !aurier<s decision to send olunteers to +outh 3frica to assist the ,ritish#
11. What 3anitoba isse cased disagree$ents between <rench and 5ng!ish spea.ing grops in
Canada%
The Manitoba proincial goernment too. a"a( the right to *rench language instruction in
Catholic schools#
Canada!s Changing "o#ulation
19. What did Wi!fred 2arier do to he!p Canada prosper after he beca$e /ri$e 3inister in
119*%
2ecruited settlers for the prairies#
20. What did the federa! govern$ent offer i$$igrants who sett!ed on Canadas prairies%
=>' acres for ?='#''#
21. What did the( have to do in retrn%
,uild a house and start cultiation "ithin three (ears#
22. Define the ter$ ethnocentric.
,elief that one<s o"n group or race is superior to others#
2#. Wh( did so$e <rench spea.ing Canadians fear the arriva! of i$$igrants%
The( "ould reduce the percentage of Canadian "ho spo.e *rench#
2&. Wh( were so$e eastern 5ropean i$$igrants ridic!ed%
The( dressed differentl( and had different customs#
25. =nder what circ$stances were ;sian i$$igrants to!erated%
3s long as the( did "or. that others did not "ant#
2*. Wh( did $an( >white? Canadians oppose ;sian i$$igration%
*eared the( "ould compete for @obs b( "or.ing for less#
20. Wh( did the federa! govern$ent p!ace a head tax on Chinese i$$igrants%
To limit immigration#
21. What was the Aomagata Maru incident of 191&%
+i.hs from India Bciti1ens of the ,ritish EmpireC tried to enter Canada and "ere sent bac.#
29. 5@p!ain wh( toda(s govern$ent sho!d or sho!d not apo!ogi:e to the descendents of ;sian
i$$igrants for Canadas past treat$ent of these peop!e.
-aried D opinion#
#0. What are reseres%
!and set aside for 3boriginal people#
#1. Wh( were ;borigina! peop!es on the prairies forced to !ive on reserves%
To ma.e land aailable for settlers7 to aoid conflicts similar to those in the 3merican "est7
to help assimilate 3boriginal peoples#
#2. 8ow were ;borigina! peop!e e@pected to spport the$se!ves on the reserves%
,( farming#
##. Wh( was the ;borigina! pop!ation dec!ining in the ear!( 1900s%
9isease7 poor diet7 inadeEuate housing#
#&. What were residential schools%
,oarding schools for 3boriginal children#
#5. What prob!e$s did ;borigina! chi!dren face in these schoo!s%
Oercro"ding and unsanitar( conditions#
#*. ,ased on what (o $a( have read in the $edia or seen on 6), what other i$pacts did
residentia! schoo!s have on ;borigina! chi!dren and their c!tre%
+eparation from their famil( and culture7 abuse in man( forms#
#0. Define assimilation.
To dra" a group Be#g# 3boriginal peopleC into mainstream Canadian life and extinguish their
o"n cultural traditions#
+ 2005 ,etter C!assroo$ -ideboo.s /age #
#1. 4ggest wh( ;borigina! peop!e often resisted assi$i!ation.
-alued their o"n "a( of life and traditions#
Ur$ani%ation
#9. Describe Winnipegs growth between 1901 and 1911.
*rom F&,)F' to =)>,')G#
&0. 2ist the !@ries that wea!th( cit( dwe!!ers often enAo(ed in this era.
+erant#
/ouses lit b( electricit(#
Central hot "ater heat#
2unning "ater#
&1. 2ist characteristics of the !iving conditions of wor.ing c!ass peop!e in cities arond 1910.
!ied in shac.s or cro"ded tenements#
No running "ater or se"er#
0ollution from nearb( factories#
9isease "as common#
An &cono'y (ransfor'ed
&2. 'dentif( three i$portant Canadian e@ports in the ear!( 1900s.
!umber, "heat, minerals#
&#. What was discovered in the B.on in 119*%
5old#
&&. What i$pact did the se of e!ectricit( have on Canadas indstr(%
0ermitted bigger and better machines "hich increased production#
&5. 'dentif( severa! cons$er goods that beca$e pop!ar in this era.
Canada 9r(7 +hredded Wheat7 0almolie +oap7 /ein1 .etchup7 the GC chocolate bar7
telephones#
&*. What is a trade union%
5roups of "or.ers "ho tr( to get better pa( and "or.ing conditions from their emplo(er#
&0. Wh( did wor.ers go on stri.e%
,etter pa(7 reduced hours of "or.7 safer "or.ing conditions#
&1. Describe the coa! $iners stri.e in Danai$o.
-aried#
&9. What is a recession%
3 decline in the econom( resulting in less emplo(ment and production#
50. Wh( do (o thin. Canadas econo$( was in a recession in 191&%
2esult of retrenching after t"o decades of rapid gro"th#
51. Describe the i$pact of rai!wa( constrction a!ong the <raser can(on on sa!$on.
,lasted roc. bloc.ed the rier ma.ing it impossible for salmon to pass#
52. 8ow did this affect co$$ercia! fisher$en%
+ 2005 ,etter C!assroo$ -ideboo.s /age &
5ien a fishing monopol( to compensate for reductions in aailable salmon#
5#. 8ow did this affect the 4to"!o peop!e%
!ost their share of the aailable salmon and suffered economic hardships#
5&. 'dentif( severa! par.s created in this era.
Mt# 2eelsto.e7 Aootena(7 5lacier7 +trathcona7 Mt# 2obson#
)ar and Change
55. Wi!fred 2arier predicted the 6wentieth Centr( wo!d be one of deve!op$ent for Canada.
4ggest severa! areas in which this prediction ca$e tre.
-aried#
Social Studies 11 Unit 1-*
Reading Guide Key
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Canada and )orld )ar I
(he Beginning of )orld )ar I
1. /t the fo!!owing events in the correct order.
& assassination of <ran: <erdinand and 4ophie
F invasion of ,e!gi$
= creation of the 6rip!e ;!!iance
G ,ritain dec!ares war on -er$an(
) Essia $obi!i:es its troops
2. Which contries for$ed the 6rip!e ;!!iance%
5erman(
3ustro$/ungar(
Ital(
#. Which contries for$ed the 6rip!e 5ntente%
*rance
2ussia
5reat ,ritain
&. Define nationalism.
3 strong attachment to one<s countr(#
5. Define militarism.
3 nation<s polic( of building and maintaining po"erful armed forces#
*. What is $eant b( the ter$ balance of po"er%
Where alliances tr( to maintain the same leel of armed forces as its opponents#
0. 2ist three cases or factors that contribted to the otbrea. of Wor!d War '.
Nationalism in Europe#
Competition for colonies in 3frica and 3sia#
The assignation of 3rch$9u.e *erdinand#
1. Who were the 3llies in Wor!d War '%
*rance, the ,ritish Empire, 2ussia, Ital( and eentuall( the ;+#
Canada!s Res#onse to the )ar
9. 2oo. at the two posters on p. 25. What do the( te!! (o abot the attitde of peop!e in
Canada toward participation in the war%
-aried#
10. What attitdes in Canada in 191& !ed to the e@c!sion of wo$en and other grops fro$
participation in the war%
Too frail and emotional7 needed at home to care for children and to support the men#
11. Eead the Fotation in the second co!$n on p. 2*. 8ow does it show a growing Canadian
identit( a$ong the troops.
-aried#
12. 8ow did 4a$ 8ghes fai! as head of the 3inistr( of 3i!itia%
0oor administrator "hich led to higher costs7 helped his friends profit from contracts7
promoted the defectie 2oss 2ifle for use in the "ar#
1#. Wh( did the govern$ent need the power of the War Measure 3ct to fight Wor!d War '%
-aried D granted extraordinar( po"ers for the goernment to fight the "ar#
1&. Da$e the civi! 2iberties that were threatened b( the War 3easres ;ct.
Mail could be censored#
3llo"ed arrest "ithout trail D suspended habeas corpus#
+et up interment camps#
15. Define habeas corpus%
The right to appear before a @udge "hen arrested#
1*. What were internment camps%
9etention centers for an(one the goernment sa" as a threat#
(he )ar on +and
10. What was the 4ch!ieffen /!an%
5erman plan to conEuer *rance b( attac.ing through ,elgium prior to attac.ing 2ussia#
11. Wh( did the 4ch!ieffen /!ans fai!re res!t in a sta!e$ate on the Western <ront%
-aried#
19. Describe three new inventions sed in Wor!d War '.
-aried descriptions of things such as: dirigibles7 airplanes7 machine guns7 submarines7
tan.s7 poison gas#
20. Describe !ife in the trenches.
-aried#
(he Canadian &,#editionary -orce in Battle
21. What was >new? abot the ,attle of :pres%
5as "as used b( the 5ermans#
22. What strateg( did the ,ritish -enera! Dog!as 8aig se at the ,attle of the +omme%
2epeated "aes of frontal assaults#
2#. What was niFe abot -im( 2idge co$pared to $an( ear!ier batt!es%
,etter training and planning7 underground tunnels to transport troops7 the Canadians too.
the ob@ectie "here others had failed#
2&. Wh( was the ;!!ied victor( at 0asschendaale so e@pensive for Canada%
3 Euagmire in "hich man( dro"ned plus high casualties#
25. What ro!e did wo$en have in Canadas war in <rance%
Nurses and ambulance driers#
(he )ar in the Air
2*. What was the average !ife e@pectanc( of a pi!ot in the Eo(a! <!(ing Corps dring the <irst
Wor!d War%
Three "ee.s "hen dog$fighting pea.ed in =H=%#
20. 8ow $an( pi!ots and aircrew died in WW'% G','''
21. Wh( is ,i!!( ,ishop re$e$bered%
/e shot do"n %& 5erman aircraft#
(he )ar at Sea
29. What was the ro!e of the sb$arine dring WW'%
To destro( 3llied shipping#
#0. 8ow did the ;!!ies conter the effectiveness of -er$an =Gboats%
;sed cono(s escorted b( "arships and under"ater listening deices#
#1. What ro!e did Canadas nav( and $erchant $arine have dring WW'%
Escorted cono(s7 /alifax "as a ma@or refitting base and departure point#
(he )ar at .o'e
#2. Describe the i$pact of WW' on Canadas econo$(.
Increased manufacturing and resource production#
,uilt up a demand for higher pa( after the "ar#
##. 2ist three wa(s Canadas govern$ent paid for the war.
,onds#
Taxes D introduced an income tax of )$FI#
,orro"ed from other countries D especiall( the ;+#
#&. 2ist three wa(s Canadian wo$en contribted to war.
-olunteers in organi1ations such as the 2ed Cross#
Wor.ed in factories etc# "hen men "ere unaailable#
Wor.ed as nurses and ambulance driers in *rance#
#5. What is propaganda%
Information presented such a "a( as to promote an organi1ation<s cause#
#*. What were the prposes of the poster on p. #1%
-aried#
#0. 8ow was propaganda sed to portra( -er$ans%
-aried D generall( portra(ed as eil barbarians#
#1. 8ow did this affect the -er$an residents of ,er!in, 9ntario%
2esidents changed its name to Aitchener#
#9. Describe the 8a!ifa@ disaster.
T"o ships collided and &G''T of d(namite aboard one exploded7 &'''$)''' people .illed7
=',''' in@ured7 much of harbour and cit( destro(ed#
(he Conscri#tion Crisis
&0. What was conscription%
Mandator( serice in the armed forces#
&1. Wh( did /ri$e 3inister ,orden be!ieve conscription was necessar(%
0M !lo(d 5eorge of ,ritain coninced him that more troops "ere needed in *rance#
&2. Wh( were $an( Canadians opposed to conscription%
The *rench feared the( "ould be spread throughout English$spea.ing units#
*rench$Canadians had no particular lo(alties to *rance or ,ritain#
*armers needed "or.ers#
Industr( needed "or.ers#
&#. Wh( $ight 8enri ,orassa have c!ai$ed that conscription was not good for Canada%
*elt it "ould diide the nation7 "ar "as alread( expensie and the cost of conscription
"ould ban.rupt the nation#
&&. Wh( do (o thin. Eobert ,orden did not a!!ow conscientios obAectors to vote in the 1910
e!ection%
Wanted support for the "ar and feared conscientious ob@ectors "ould oppose the
goernment#
&5. Wh( do (o thin. ,orden gave on!( wo$en with hsbands or chi!dren in the war the right to
vote in the 1910 e!ection%
/e thought the( "ere more li.el( to support his goernment than "omen "hose men might
be sub@ect to conscription in the future#
&*. 8ow did peop!e in Hebec react to conscription and ,ordens victor( in the 1910 e!ection%
Continued protests and riots#
(he Central "o/ers Colla#se
&0. What two events occrred in 1910 I and what effect did the( have on the corse of the War%
C1ar abdicates, communist reolution and 2ussia Euits the "ar freeing 5erman
troops for use on the Western *ront#
The ;+ enters the "ar bringing its material and manpo"er resources#
&1. What was the effect of -er$an(s sccessf! 1911 offensive on its abi!it( to wage the war%
It used up scarce resources and the 5ermans "ere not able to resist 3llied counter$
offensies#
&9. Where did Canadian troops win batt!es in the !ast 100 da(s of the war%
3rras, Cambrai, -alenciennes#
50. What was the significance of Canada having a for$a! p!ace at the /aris /eace Conference
and in signing the 6reat( of )ersai!!es%
It asserted Canada<s independence and recogni1ed its material contributions and the
successes of its troops#
51. 2ist for ter$s of the 6reat( of )ersai!!es.
5erman had to accept responsibilit( for the "ar#
5erman had to pa( reparations of ?)',''',''',''' to the ictors#
5erman( "as partitioned#
The si1e of 5erman(<s armed forces "as limited#
52. What is $eant b( the ter$ collectie securit(%
Members of a group pledge militar( support and cooperation to resist aggression#
5#. What was the prpose of the 2eage of Dations%
To ensure the securit( of its members#
5&. Which contries spported the 2eage and which didnt%
+mall po"ers tended to support it, large po"ers didn<t#
55. 5@p!ain wh( the 2eage was viewed different!( b( contries%
+mall po"ers sa" the !eague as protection from stronger imperialist po"ers7 the 5reat
0o"ers sa" it as a limit on their imperial ambitions in 3sia and 3frica#
5*. Describe how the 4panish <! spread and what its i$pact was in Canada and the wor!d.
+oldiers brought it home7 &&,''',''' died "orld"ide7 G',''' died in Canada7 some
communities reEuired people to "ear protectie mas.s#
Reading Guide Key
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Canada and the (/enties
Resource: Counterpoints: Exploring Canadian Issues, Chapter #
Introduction
1. Describe two co$peting views of !ife in Canada that e@isted in the 1920s.
!ife "as prosperous for some#
!ife "as filled "ith discrimination, poert(, lac. of political influence for others#
An Uneasy Ad1ust'ent
2. What did so!diers retrning to Canada after Wor!d War ' face%
No pensions7 no special medical serices7 fe" @obs#
#. What rewards did wor.ers who had ta.en wage redctions dring the war face afterwards%
Cost of goods soared and "ages did not coer liing expenses#
&. Wh( were there so $an( stri.es in (ears after WW'%
Wor.ers "anted higher "ages, better "or.ing conditions and the right to @oin unions#
5. What po!itica! ideas $a( have inf!enced nion !eaders in western Canada in this period%
+ocialism or communism#
*. What was the O,;%
The Western !abour Conference BMarch =H=HC founded the One ,ig ;nion to get more
control of industr( and goernment through peaceful means#
0. Define collectie bargaining.
Negotiations bet"een a union and an emplo(er about conditions of emplo(ment#
1. What did Winnipegs $eta! and bi!ding wor.ers de$and when the( went on stri.e in 1919%
+horter "or. "ee.#
/igher "ages#
2ight to collectie bargaining#
9. Describe the effects of this stri.e on Winnipeg.
-aried D )',''' on stri.e7 cit( paral(1ed#
10. 8ow did the Citi1ens Committee of One Thousand see the stri.e%
3 communist conspirac( to oerthro" the goernment#
11. What was the federa! govern$ents response%
9eported stri.e leaders7 2NWM0 and Winnipeg<s special constables attac.ed a stri.ers<
parade7 "ould charge some leaders "ith treason#
12. Describe the events of ,lood( +unda(.
0olice on horsebac. charged a stri.ers< parade "ith pistols and clubs .illing =, in@uring &',
and arresting scores#
1#. Describe what happened to the stri.ers after it was a!! over.
+een leaders conicted of conspirac( to oerthro" the goernment receiing
sentences from & months to & (ears#
Man( stri.ers "ere not rehired or hired onl( on promise not to @oin a union#
9istrust bet"een "or.ers and business leaders gre" deeper#
1&. Which side do (o thin. was right% 5@p!ain.
Opinion#
15. Who was 7.4. Woodsworth%
Minister7 arrested during the stri.e7 helped stri.ers and their families7 "ould eentuall( help
found the CC* part(#
e/ Challenges to -ederalis'
1*. Define the ter$ regiona!is$.
To be more concerned "ith the affairs of one<s region than the affairs of the larger countr(#
10. What isses faced the 3ariti$es in the 6wenties%
0opulation "as shrin.ing D representation in 0arliament "as declining#
,usinesses and ban.s "ere moing to Ontario and Quebec#
0roducts such as coal "ere declining in importance#
11. What two isses concerned far$ers%
Tariffs protecting eastern manufacturers made the cost of eEuipment expensie#
*reight rates and "heat storage costs "ere high#
19. Wh( were po!itica! parties sch as the ;nited *armers 0arties and The 0rogressie 0art(
for$ed in this period%
To support farmers< demands for free trade and public o"nership of the rail"a(s#
20. What sccesses did the( e@perience%
;nited *armers "ere successful in some proinces7 0rogressies had some success at the
federal leel and had a bit of influence on the !iberal goernment#
21. Who was ;rthr 3eighen%
2eplaced ,orden as leader of the Conseraties and "as a 0rime Minister#
22. What approach to po!itics did he ta.e%
,elieed in adhering to his principles rather than compromising to sta( in po"er#
2#. Who was Wi!!ia$ 2(on 3ac.en:ie Jing%
!eader of the !iberals after =H=H7 "ould go on to be a long$sering 0rime Minister#
2&. What approach to po!itics did he ta.e%
Conciliator(7 sought the middle path to offend the fe"est people#
25. 2ist the res!ts of the 1921 e!ection.
Conservatives" G' seats
'ndependent 2abor /art(" & seats
'ndependent 2ibera!s" = seat
2aborG2ibera!s" = seat
2ibera!s" ==% seats
/rogressives" >F seats
2*. Who for$ed the govern$ent%
!iberals lead b( W!M Aing#
20. What is a minorit( goernment%
Where the part( forming the goernment has less than G'I of the seats in 0arliament#
21. Which part(s spport did the 2ibera!s need in order to contine to for$ the govern$ent%
0rogressies#
29. What inf!ences on govern$ent po!ic( did this part( have%
0ersuaded the !iberals to introduce an old age pension#
Canada!s Gro/ing Inde#endence
#0. 8ow did /ri$e 3inister Jing assert Canadas independence fro$ ,ritain in internationa!
affairs%
1922" refused to support ,ritain<s plan to inade Tur.e(#
192#" insisted Canada sign international treaties "ithout ,ritain<s 4co$signature6#
192*" challenged ,ritain<s role in Canadian politics in the 4Aing$,(ng6 affair#
#1. Jings 2ibera!s for$ed another $inorit( govern$ent in 1925. When the Conservatives
ca!!ed for a motion of censure Jing as.ed -overnor -enera! 2ord ,(ng to ca!! an e!ection.
,(ng refsed becase he fe!t the motion of censure sho!d be voted on first. What e!ection
isse did Jing create ot of this refsa!%
That it "as undemocratic for a 5oernor 5eneral appointed b( ,ritain to refuse an elected
0rime Minister reEuest for an election#
#2. Who do (o agree with% Jing or ,(ng% 5@p!ain.
-aried#
##. Who were the for dominions%
Ne" Jealand, 3ustralia, +outh 3frica, and Canada#
#&. Define autonom(.
The po"er to ma.e one<s o"n decisions#
#5. What did the( de$and of ,ritain at the 192* '$peria! Conference%
*ormal recognition of their autonom( and freedom to goern themseles#
#*. What was the +tatute of Westminster%
3n act of the ,ritish 0arliament "hich changed the Empire to a Common"ealth "here the
9ominions "ere eEual to ,ritain#
#0. 8ow was the ,ritish Common"ealth different fro$ the ,ritish Empire%
-aried#
#1. Define the ter$ amending for$!a.
The procedure for changing the ,N3 3ct or Canada<s constitution#
#9. What two restrictions re$ained on Canadas independence%
Canada<s constitution Bthe ,N3 3ctC had to be changed b( ,ritain at Canada<s
reEuest#
Canada<s highest @udicial court "as in ,ritain#
&0. Wh( did this !i$itation e@ist for Canada and not the other do$inions%
The proincial and the federal goernments could not agree on a "a( to change the
constitution#
(he &cono'y I'#ro2es
&1. What contr( beca$e Canadas $ain econo$ic partner after WW'% Wh(%
;+7 ,ritain, Canada<s former main trading partner "as in debt due to WWI and the ;+ had
more surplus mone( to inest and bu( Canadian goods#
&2. 8ow was ;$erican invest$ent in Canada different fro$ ,ritains had been%
,ritain had lent mone( to Canadian companies "hile the ;+ bought them#
&#. What is $eant b( the ter$ branch plant%
*actories in Canada o"ned and operated b( larger companies often based in the ;+#
&&. What is $eant b( the ter$ primar( industr(%
Industries that extract BminesC or collect Bforestr(C ra" materials#
&5. What is $eant b( the ter$ secondar( industr(%
Manufacturing and construction industries#
&*. 5@p!ain how the ;$erican econo$( benefited $ore than Canadas fro$ a!! the =4
invest$ent.
Canada gained @obs in the primar( sector but the ;+ gained more in the processing and
manufacturing sectors using resources from Canada#
&0. Wh( was Canada ab!e to e@port great Fantities of a!coho! to the =4 p to 19##%
;+ had prohibition#
&1. Co$pare this export trade to one that e@ists in or da(.
-aried#
&9. 8ow did Canadians go abot deciding to once again a!!ow the sa!e of a!coho!%
Each proince made the decision for themseles D through plebiscites#
50. Wh( did $ore and $ore peop!e $ove to Canadas cities dring the 6wenties%
Increased emplo(ment in the manufacturing sector Bcombined "ith increased mechani1ation
on farmsC attracted them#
51. What is $eant b( urbani1ation%
The changing from an area from rural to urban#
52. Wh( did the cit( centre beco$e an ndesirab!e p!ace to !ive%
Industr( concentrated there increased pollution causing the area to become one of cheap and
often undesirable housing#
5#. What $ade it possib!e for aff!ent fa$i!ies to $ove ot of the cit( centre%
3utomobiles#
(he Role of )o'en
5&. What prospects did wo$en have in the societ( of the 6wenties%
Wies and mothers7 teaching, nursing, secretarial and clerical @obs7 fe" "omen in la" or
engineering#
55. What isse was at the centre of The 0ersons Case%
Emil( Murph(<s appointment as a magistrate "as Euestioned as she "as not a 4person6
under the ,N3 3ct#
A e/ "ros#erity
5*. 'dentif( severa! featres of the prosperit( of the 2oaring T"enties.
0eople could afford radios, cars, 8
Moies "ere popular#
*ads spread from ;+ to Canada7 ;+ fashions "ere popular
;+ tourists discoered Canada#
Kobs increased#
50. Describe the changes broght abot b( the introdction of ine@pensive ato$obi!es sch as
8enr( <ords 3ode! 6.
Increase miles of paed roads7 ,C changed to driing on the right7 drie$in restaurants7 eas(
commute to the cit( from the suburbs#
51. Describe the i$pact of the airp!ane on Canadas re$ote frontiers.
Mineral exploration made easier7 used to delier supplies7 helped in police searches Be#g# the
hunt for the 2at 2ier trapperC#
59. Wh( did the invention of the radio have sch a powerf! i$pact on Canadians, especia!!(
those in rra! areas%
,ro.e do"n the isolation of rural communities7 allo"ed ;+ cultural inasion through
programs and po"erful ;+ transmitters#
*0. 8ow did $ovies, especia!!( those fro$ the =4, i$pact Canadian c!tre%
/ighl( polished ;+ productions oer"helmed homegro"n productions7 sho"s ;+ culture as
a model for Canadians#
*1. 8ow did the 5roup of +een i$pact how Canadians saw the$se!ves and their contr(%
Their st(le portra(ed Canada in a ne" and distinct manner Euite different from traditional
European influence forms#
*2. What was the focs of 5$i!( Carrs art%
West coast forests and 3boriginal life#
*#. 2ist severa! pro$inent Canadian ath!etes of the 6wenties and give their acco$p!ish$ents.
0erc( Williams: "on & Ol(mpic gold medals in sprinting#
Ethel Cather"ood: "on an Ol(mpic gold medal in high$@umping#
Charles 5orman: set % "orld speed s.ating records#
Kohn M(les: set a record for the ,oston Marathon in =H&>#
!ionel Conacher: star in "restling, baseball, lacrosse, football and the N/!#
,obb( 2osenfell: "on gold and siler medals in the =H&L Ol(mpics#
-arious Canadian hoc.e( teams "ere er( successful#

Missing the Roar
*&. What discri$inations did ;borigina! peop!es contine to e@perience after WW'%
Were not persons7 could not ote7 reseres "ere poor7 discriminated against "ith respect to
emplo(ment7 residential schools tried to undermine their culture#
*5. What are potlatches%
West coast ceremonies to celebrate special eents and to establish status b( distributing
"ealth#
**. Wh( did the federa! govern$ent ban the$%
The( "ere seen as obstacles to assimilation#
*0. Do (o agree with this% 5@p!ain.
Opinion#
*1. Define the ter$ 3boriginal Title.
Claims b( 3boriginal peoples to land occupied b( their ancestors#
*9. What were the cut$off lands%
!ands ta.en a"a( from reseres "ithout the permission of the people of the resere#
00. ,Cs native !eaders obAected to the !oss of their ancestra! !ands dring this period. Describe
their actions to assert their c!ai$s.
-aried D court challenges#
01. What were the views of the federa! and provincia! govern$ents on this $atter%
The goernment claimed that the expense of running the 9epartment of Indian 3ffairs
@ustified the cut$offs7 re"rote the la"s to permit#
02. 8ow were blac.s treated b( Canadian societ( in the 6wenties%
+eparate schools in Noa +cotia7 open discrimination else"here#
0#. 4ggest reasons wh( the govern$ent favored i$$igrants fro$ ,ritain and the =4%
-aried#
0&. 4ggest reasons wh( the govern$ent restricted i$$igrants fro$ Essia and 5astern 5rope
in this period.
The goernment feared the( "ere socialist reolutionaries#
05. 4ggest reasons wh( far$ers, rai!wa( owners and other bsiness$en we!co$ed i$$igrants.
Could pa( them lo" "ages to do "or. others did not "ant#
0*. Wh( do (o thin. !abor grops opposed i$$igration in this period%
*eared the( "ere "illing to "or. longer hours for lo"er "ages and "ould ta.e "or. from
those alread( in Canada#
+ 2005 ,etter C!assroo$ -ideboo.s /age *
00. Wh( do (o thin. there were $ost severe restrictions p!aced on i$$igration fro$ ;sia%
Opinion#
01. What conditions were faced b( i$$igrants when the( did get to Canada%
Often ended up in compan( to"ns or in urban slums "or.ing for lo" "ages in poor
conditions#
(he Stoc3 Mar3et Crash
09. What is the significance of Tuesda(, October &H, =H&H%
;+ stoc. mar.et crashed#
10. Wh( do (o thin. this happened%
-aried D oer production7 inflated stoc. prices7 loss of confidence#
11. Define the ter$ depression.
When economic actiit( slo"s and unemplo(ment rises#
12. 8ow co!d sch an event affect ordinar( peop!e%
-aried#
Reading Guide Key
___ / 01
(he (hirties: A Decade of Des#air
Resource: Counterpoints: Exploring Canadian Issues, Chapter &
Introduction
=# What was !ife on the prairies in 19#5 and 19#* !i.e according to 7a$es -ra(%
Cold "inter7 not much food7 heat D li.e a furnace, "ind and dust in the summer#
-alling 5ff the &cono'ic &dge
&# What are stoc.s%
+hares in a compan(#
)# What is b(ing on margin%
,u(ing shares "ith onl( a small do"n pa(ment7 "hen the loan comes due one hopes to sell
the shares at a higher price, pa( off the loan and ma.e a profit#
F# Wh( did peop!e b( stoc.s on the margin in the 1920s%
!oans "ere eas( to get7 people "anted to get rich Euic.l(#
G# Wh( did the va!es of stoc.s start to fa!! in 1929%
+hares "ere oer$alued7 companies had oer$produced7 some inestors sold stoc.s to get
out of the stoc. mar.et and to ta.e their profits7 other inestors panic.ed "hen share prices
started to fall#
># What were so$e of the effects of the stoc. mar.et crash%
Inestors "ent ban.rupt7 ban.s "ho had loaned too much mone( using stoc.s as securit(
"ent bro.e7 social hardship and unemplo(ment#
%# Define the ter$ depression.
3 seere do"nturn in the leel of economic actiit(#
+eading U# to the De#ression
L# What was the i$pact of fa!!ing wheat prices in 1920 and 1921%
*arm income dropped7 farmers unable to meet their loan and mortgage pa(ment D man( lost
farms#
H# 'dentif( three effects of over prodction in $anfactring indstries.
Manufactures stoc.piled their products, cut bac. on production, laid$off staff7 unemplo(ed
"or.ers could not purchase goods#
='# Wh( did contries !i.e the =nited 4tates i$pose tariffs%
To protect domestic mar.ets for their o"n manufacturers#
==# What was the effect of sch protectionism on wor!d trade%
It slo"ed#
=&# 8ow did Wor!d War ' contribte to the depression%
5erman(<s econom( "as deastated b( its huge reparation pa(ments7 ,ritain and *rance
had borro"ed heail( from the ;+ to finance the "ar found it difficult to repa( the ;+##
=)# 8ow did Canadas dependenc( on the e@port of wheat and newsprint $a.e it partic!ar!(
v!nerab!e to the changes in wor!d $ar.ets as the depression strc.%
When foreign mar.ets "ere closed to Canadian exports, Canadians "ere laid off and unable
to purchase manufactured goods D "hich caused een more la( offs#
=F# 8ow did Canadas c!ose econo$ic ties to the =4 affect its econo$(%
When the ;+ econom( crashed, Canada lost the main mar.et for its goods#
Des#erate 6ears
=G# 8ow $an( Canadians were ne$p!o(ed in 1929% K4ee p. 05L F#&I
=># What was poge(%
5oernment relief pa(ments gien to those "ho had no alternatie source of income#
=%# 8ow did (o Fa!if( for it%
Wait in line for hours7 declare financial failure7 s"ear (ou had nothing of alue7 proe (ou
"ere about to be eicted from (our home#
=L# 8ow did the hngr( and ho$e!ess e@ist in these (ears%
2elief, food ouchers, soup .itchens, priate charit(#
=H# ;re toda(s street people the sa$e as the ho$e!ess in the 19#0s% 5@p!ain.
Opinion#
&'# 8ow $an( Canadians were ne$p!o(ed in 19##% &GI
&=# What did $an( ne$p!o(ed $en do to find wor.%
/op freight trains to see. "or. 4else"here6 sta(ing in shant( to"ns b( the rail"a(s#
&&# Describe the droght that hit the prairies between 1921 and 19#*.
+o dr( the top soil ble" a"a( and drifted li.e sno", bur(ing building, stalling trains and
clogging car radiators#
&)# 8ow did the depression affect"
do$estic wor.ers Kwo$enL" fe" @obs for onl( a fe" dollars a "ee.7 blamed for the
depression b( some because the( "or.#
aborigina! peop!es" relief paid them onl( ?G#'' per month#
Chinese peop!e in )ancover" man( "ere staring#
i$$igrants" ie"ed "ith hostilit( "hen loo.ing for @obs7 =',''' deported7
immigration halted in =H)=#
&F# 8ow were 7ewish peop!e treated b( $an( Canadians at this ti$e%
Man( professions "ere closed to them7 some emplo(ers posted signs forbidding them to
appl(7 man( clubs and organi1ations banned them#
Res#onding to the De#ression
&G# Who did /ri$e 3inister Jing be!ieve sho!d provide aid to peop!e sffering fro$ the
Depression%
Municipal and proincial goernments#
&># Wh( were $an( $nicipa!ities nab!e to provide relief%
The( "ere ban.rupt#
&%# What was the res!t of Jings co$$ent that he wo!dnt provide financia! spport to
Conservative provincia! govern$ents%
It became an election issue D he lost#
&L# What approach did the new Conservative /ri$e 3inister E.,. ,ennett ta.e to fight the
Depression%
5ae the proinces ?&',''',''' for "or. creation7 raised tariffs b( G'I7 banned the
Communist 0art( fearing the unemplo(ed "ould @oin it Band rebelC7 created "or. camps for
unemplo(ed males#
&H# What were "or. camps%
Camps in remote areas to isolate unemplo(ed males7 proided a base for "or.ers on roads,
land clearing and other pro@ects#
)'# What were conditions !i.e in the$%
0aid &'C per da( plus room and board7 lied in bug$infested bun. houses "ith tar paper
"alls and blan.ets but no sheets7 bad food7 no recreation facilities#
)=# Wh( was the On$to$Otta"a Tre. organi:ed%
To protest camp conditions#
)&# What did it hope to acco$p!ish%
To ta.e complaints about the camps to Otta"a D plus 8
))# 8ow did the tre..ers tr( to get to 9ttawa%
2oad the freight trains pic.ing up more supporters along the "a(#
)F# What happened when their !eaders $et with /ri$e 3inister ,ennett%
,ennett called the leaders radicals and troublema.ers and een criminals and thiees7
leaders of the Tre. called him unfit to goern Canada#
)G# What happened to the tre..ers in Eegina%
3 riot started "hen the 2CM0 tried to drie the tre..ers out of a local stadium7 one .illed,
man( in@ured and =)' arrested#
)># Describe the reasons for and the events of the 19#0 )ancover sit$in.
Man( men "ere left destitute "hen the camps "ere closed and relief pa(ments reduced7 riots
started "hen the police tried to eict protesters from the 0ost Office#
"olitics of "rotest
)%# Wh( was the CC< part( for$ed in 19#2%
Man( "ere dissatisfied "ith ho" the goernment dealt "ith the depression# It endorsed
goernment o"nership of .e( industries7 social programs to assist people in need, the
elderl(, the unemplo(ed7 homeless, sic., 8 The CC* also endorsed public "or.s to emplo(
people#
)L# What did ,ib!e ,i!! ;berharts 4ocia! Credit /art( propose to do to end the Depression%
To proide a social diidend of ?&G#'' per month to each citi1en to get mone( into
circulation instead of it sitting in ban.s#
)H# 3itch 8epbrn of the 9ntario 2ibera!s ca$e to power cha$pioning the man in the street.
What did he rea!!( do with respect to 9ntarios econo$(%
/e did little to help the unemplo(ed7 he helped suppress stri.es#
F'# Who did Hebecs =nion Dationa!e !eader 3arice Dp!essis b!a$e for the Depression%
The English minorit( that controlled Quebec<s econom(#
F=# What steps did ,Cs /re$ier Dfferin /att!!o do to conter the Depression%
+horten the "or. da(#
Increase the minimum "age#
Increase relief pa(ments b( &'I#
,uilt a bridge across the *raser 2ier#
,uilt a ne" Cit( /all for -ancouer#
F&# What was the federa! govern$ents response to so$e of his initiatives%
Opposed his programs if the( infringed on the federal domain#
A Change in Go2ern'ent
F)# 6he 2o"ell$+irois Commission e@a$ined the prob!e$s of federa!Gprovincia! re!ations in
19#0. 't fond that disptes over which govern$ent had the right to ta@ was a $aAor isse.
What did it reco$$end%
That the federal goernment get more control of taxation#
5ie poorer proinces eEuali1ation pa(ments#
FF# What were eEuali1ation pa(ments%
3 means of transferring "ealth from the richer proinces to the poorer so that all citi1ens
"ould share the same standard of liing#
FG# 8ow did the richer provinces fee! abot these reco$$endations%
The( ob@ected to giing up their reenue and the loss of proincial po"ers#
F># Wh( were the Co$$issions reco$$endations not acted pon%
The econom( "as starting to improe and people "ere becoming more optimistic7 World War
II put such issues on the bac. burner#
Distractions fro' Des#air
F%# Wh( were $ovies, $aga:ines and radio pop!ar dring the depression%
The( proided escape from harsh conditions#
FL# Co$$ent on how the 9ionne Quintuplets were treated.
-aried D put on displa( b( the proincial goernment in a special hospital#
FH# What acco$p!ish$ents did 5re( O"l $a.e%
Writer, public spea.er, conserationist7 hob$nobbed "ith ro(alt(, prime ministers and public
figures#
G'# Who was he rea!!(%
3rchie ,elane( D an Englishman#
(he Rise of Dictatorshi#s
G=# 'dentif( three tota!itarian dictators who ca$e to power in the 1920s and #0s.
Kosef +talin
,enito Mussolini
3dolph /itler
Ger'any After the )ar
G&# Wh( did the -er$an peop!e e!ect ;do!ph 8it!er Chance!!or in 19##%
/e "as critical of the Treat( of -ersailles treatment of 5erman(7 he claimed he had solutions
to the depression#
G)# 2ist for things 8it!er did to conter the effects of the Depression.
+topped all reparation pa(ments#
+tarted a massie expansion of the armed forces#
2ebuilt agriculture though subsidies to farmers#
!ots of public "or.s pro@ects Be#g# the autobahnC#
GF# 8ow did 8it!er and the Da:is dea! with po!itica! opponents%
9idn<t allo" it D persecuted them#
GG# 8ow did 8it!er see the -er$an peop!e%
3s a 4master race6 of 3r(ans#
G># 8ow did 8it!er and the Da:is treat non$3r(an people%
0ersecuted b( prohibiting them from teaching, attending schools, holding goernment office,
"or.ing in professions, "riting boo.s7 mobs "ere encouraged to assault them, destro( their
homes and businesses7 eentuall( sent to concentration camps#
G%# 8ow did 8it!er and the Da:is treat peop!e with handicaps%
9espised them as the( undermined the idea of the 4master race67 eentuall( 4liEuidated6
them#
GL# 8ow did 8it!er and the Da:is treat peop!e sch as co$$nists or ho$ose@a!s%
3rrested and @ailed7 sent to concentration camps#
GH# What was Aristallnacht%
Noember H, =H)L D Ke"ish businesses "ere attac.ed#
>'# What was the holocaust%
2efers to the destruction of oer > million Ke"ish people and others b( the N3JIs#
5n the Road to )ar
>=# What was the !eague of Nations%
3n international organi1ation established to maintain peace after World War I#
>&# 8ow did it fai! China%
It condemned Kapan<s inasion D but did nothing#
>)# 8ow did the 2eage fai! 5thiopia%
It imposed economic sanctions on Ital(# Ineffectie because oil "as not coered b( the
sanctions#
>F# Wh( was 8it!er ab!e to ta.e bac. the Ehine!and in 19#* despite the fact that the 6reat( of
)ersai!!es dec!ared it to be de$i!itari:ed%
/e gambled that neither the !eague of Nations nor *rance "ould do an(thing#
>G# What stand did 8it!er and 3sso!ini ta.e in the 4panish Civi! War%
The( supported the rebel forces of *ranco#
>># What was the Mac.en1ie$0apineau ,attalion%
=&'' olunteers from Canada "ho fought on the side of the socialist +panish goernment in
the +panish Ciil War#
>%# -ive three e@a$p!es of how contries !i.e <rance and ,ritain appeased 8it!er%
The( did nothing "hen /itler too. the 2hineland#
The( let /itler ta.e 3ustria in =H)L#
The( allo"ed /itler to occup( the 5erman spea.ing +udetenland parts of
C1echosloa.ia in +eptember =H)L and "hen he too. the rest of C1echosloa.ia in
March =H)H#
>L# 8ow did 8it!er ensre that Essia wo!d not fee! threatened b( a -er$an invasion of
/o!and%
/e signed a non$aggression pact "hich also agreed to partition 0oland#
>H# What happened when 8it!er invaded /o!and on 4epte$ber #, 19#9%
,ritain and *rance declared "ar#
Canada!s Res#onse to Gro/ing (ensions
%'# What were iso!ationists in the 19#0s%
0eople "ho felt their countr( should not get inoled in the affairs of others#
%=# Wh( did Canadians not want to get invo!ved in affairs otside of Canada dring the 1920s
and 19#0s%
+ome thought the Treat( of -ersailles "as too harsh7 some "ere pacifists "ho did not "ant to
see thousands of Canadians .illed in another "ar7 some felt Canada "as not threatened#
%&# 8ow did /ri$e 3inister Jing see 8it!er when the( $et in 19#0%
/e sa" him as a .indl( and affectionate person "ho loes his fello" man7 that he had no
"arli.e intentions#
%)# Wh( did Jing not want to get invo!ved with 7ewish refgees in 19#1%
/e seemed to see them as a potential cause of internal discord#
%F# Do (o be!ieve this% 5@p!ain.
Opinion#
%G# What was Canadas 4ecretar( of 4tates opinion abot 7ewish refgees being a!!owed to enter
Canada%
That as long as Canada has unemplo(ed, no Ke"ish or political refugees "ould be allo"ed#
%># What was the position of '$$igration Director <red ,!air on 7ewish i$$igration%
4None "as too man(#6
%%# What happened to the 900 7ewish refgees aboard the ocean !iner +t# !ouis who were forced
to retrn to 5rope%
The( "ere forced to return to Europe and man( "ould die in concentration camps during
World War II#
%L# What do (o thin. Canadas govern$ent sho!d have done for 7ewish refgees in this
period%
Opinion#
You might want to watch the movies: The Pianist or Schindlers List.
Reading Guide Key
___ / 92
Canada and )orld )ar II
Canada Declares )ar
=# What was the Munich 3greement of 19#1%
,ritain and *rance agreed to /itler ta.ing oer part of C1echosloa.ia on the promise that
he "ould cease aggression#
&# What happened in 3arch of 19#9%
/itler too. oer the rest of C1echosloa.ia#
)# Wh( did Jing -eorge ') and Heen 5!i:abeth visit Canada in 3a( 19#9%
To rall( support for ,ritain#
F# Wh( did /ri$e 3inister Jing not want a war%
Canada had too man( scars from WWI7 conscription "as disruptie7 the econom( had
improed and he didn<t "ant the expense of a "ar#
G# What happened on 4epte$ber 1, 19#9%
5erman( inaded 0oland#
># What did /ri$e 3inister Jing reco$$end to /ar!ia$ent on 4epte$ber 1, 19#9%
That Canada declare "ar on 5erman(#
%# What Fa!ification did the 7stice 3inister pt on his and Hebecs spport for the
dec!aration of war%
/e supported the "ar but opposed conscription#
L# What did /3 Jing pro$ise Hebec and /ar!ia$ent%
No conscription#
H# What happened on 4epte$ber 10, 19#9%
Canada declared "ar#
='# What was the condition of Canadas ar$ed forces in 4epte$ber 19#9%
3rm( had FG'' soldiers, => tan.s, a fe" do1en anti$tan. guns and no artiller(#
==# 8ow $an( vo!nteered for service in 4epte$ber a!one% GL,))'
=&# Who was 6o$$( /rince%
3n 3boriginal Canadian7 "as allo"ed to enlist at the start of the "ar7 "ould become
Canada<s most decorated soldier b( "ar<s end#
=)# What was the govern$ents response to b!ac. vo!nteers%
Initiall( re@ected7 later accepted as manpo"er needs rose#
=F# What pa( co!d a private Kthe !owest ran.ed so!dierL e@pect%
?=#)' per da( plus ?>'#'' per month for a dependent spouse and ?)'#'' per month for each
child#
=G# What was the ,ritish Co$$onwea!th ;ir 6raining /!an%
Canada agreed to train air and ground cre"7 trained =)',''' b( "ar<s end7 cost ?&#& billion
"ith Canada pa(ing %'I#
=># Wh( was /3 Jing g!ad to have Canada fi!! this need%
,ecause it .ept Canada<s contributions "ithin Canada#
=%# Who was C.D. 8owe%
Minister for the 9epartment of Munitions and +upplies#
=L# What powers did he have%
/ad total control oer "hat companies could produce and responsibilit( planning and
controlling the econom(#
=H# What was total "ar%
Total management of the econom( and "or. force and capital dedicated to "inning the "ar#
&'# Wh( was it necessar(%
Opinion#
(he )ar in &uro#e
&=# What contries were .nown as the 3llies%
,ritain and the Common"ealth, *rance and eentuall( 2ussia, China and the ;+3#
&&# What contries were .nown as the 3xis%
5erman(, Ital( and eentuall( Kapan#
&)# What was the phon( "ar%
The seen months bet"een +eptember =H)H and 3pril =HF' "hen both sides "ere gearing up
to fight#
&F# What was the blit1.rieg%
The 5erman tactic of attac. "ith mechani1ed troops Btan.s, mobile artiller(, and troops in
truc.sC supported b( aircraft and characteri1ed b( rapid adances#
&G# Where did the -er$ans !anch their first attac.s in ;pri! 19&0%
9enmar. and Nor"a(#
&># Where was their ne@t attac. Kin 3a( 19&0L%
Netherlands follo"ed b( ,elgium and *rance#
&%# 8ow was this attac. si$i!ar to -er$an strategies in WW'%
2esembled the +chlieffen 0lan#
&L# Describe the evacation of ;!!ied troops at Dn.ir..
-aried#
&H# What happened on 7ne 22
nd
%
*rance surrendered#
)'# What was Operation +ea !ion%
The 5erman plan to inade ,ritain#
)=# What targets did the -er$ans attac. in preparation for invading 5ng!and%
/arbours and shipping facilities in southern England#
)&# What defenses did the ,ritish have%
2adar, +pitfire and /urricane fight plans, the 2o(al Na(#
))# Describe the ,attle of ,ritain.
-aried D fighter battles, the bombing of English cities#

(he )ar S#reads
)F# What was Operation ,arbarossa%
The 5erman plan to inade 2ussia#
)G# What he!ped the Essians stop this 19&1 -er$an invasion of Essia%
The 5ermans got off to a late start and "ere ill$prepared for "inter conditions#
)># What is the significance of the batt!e of +talingradM
The 2ussians and 5ermans fought oer the cit( in "inter7 the 5ermans "ere eentuall(
surrounded and cut off from supplies7 )'','''
N
5ermans surrendered7 represented a ma@or
turning point in the "ar#
)%# Wh( did 7apan p!an to invade =4 and 5ropean co!onies in 45 ;sia%
To control resources such as oil rubber and tin in those areas#
)L# 8ow did 7apan start their attac.s%
3ttac.ed 0earl /arbor#
)H# Wh( do (o thin. the( attac.ed a $i!itar( base of sch a powerf! contr(%
Opinion D if the( could destro( the ;+ Na(<s battleships and carriers the( "ould be able to
dominate the 0acific#
F'# What beca$e of the 1905 Canadian so!diers sent to defend 8ong Jong%
Ailled in battle of ta.en prisoner# /alf of the GGG dead died as prisoners of the Kapanese#
Canada!s Role in &uro#e
F=# What was 9ieppe%
3n 3llied raid on the *rench port#
F&# What was Dieppes prpose%
To test techniEues, eEuipment and 5erman defenses in preparation for future inasions#
F)# Wh( were Canadian troops chosen for this raid%
Opinion D Canadians "anted to get inoled in the "ar#
FF# What was the si:e of Canadas nav( at the start of the war%
=) ships and =L=H sailors#
FG# 8ow did -er$an( tr( to stop spp!ies fro$ reaching ,ritain fro$ Dorth ;$erica%
;$boats "ould attac. 3llied shipping#
F># 8ow did the ;!!ies tr( to protect its ships%
5rouping ships in cono(s defended b( Canadian "arships, land$based bombers and
eentuall( small aircraft carriers#
F%# Describe the corettes Canada bi!t to defend the convo(s.
+mall Euic. and maneuerable but not especiall( sea"orth( ships#
FL# What he!ped the ;!!ies trac. the $ove$ents of -er$an =Gboats%
The ,ritish obtained a 5erman Enigma machine "hich enabled the 3llies to read their
instructions to the ;$boats#
FH# Wh( were the ;!!ies ab!e to get $ateria!s to 5rope despite heav( !osses to their ships%
,ecause North 3merica "as able to produce far more ships and material than "as lost#
G'# 8ow big was the Canadian nav( b( wars end%
F'' essels, HH,>LL men and >G'' "omen7 large enough to proide half of all the escorts
across the 3tlantic#
G=# 8ow big did Canadas air force get dring WW''%
&G',''' men and FL sEuadrons#
G&# What sort of attac.s was it $a.ing on -er$an( in $idG19&#%
Night raids such as the fire bombing of /amburg#
G)# Describe the effects of the raids on cities sch as /amburg as detai!ed b( 7ohnnie <aFier.
-aried D incendiaries caused hundreds of fires turning the "hole cit( in to a sea of fire7
strong "inds, little ox(gen7 thousands of 5erman casualties#
GF# What is (or opinion of sch activities%
Opinion#
GG# 8ow $an( Canadian bo$ber crews died in this war%
=','''
N
Bone Euarter of Canada<s casualties in the "ar#
G># What ro!es did wo$en have in the EC;<s wo$ens division%
Cler.s, coo.s, hospital assistants, driers, telephone operators, "elders, instrument and
engine mechanics, some "ere non$combatant pilots Bin the ferr( commandC#
(he (ide (urns
G%# Canadians did not participate in the fighting in Dorth ;frica bt the( did he!p invade 4ici!(
and 'ta!(. Describe the fighting the( faced in towns sch as Ortona.
-aried D house$to$house street fighting#
GL# Which beach did Canadians attac. on DGDa( dring the invasion of Dor$and( on 7ne *,
19&&% Kuno
GH# 8ow $an( Canadian so!diers participated in this attac.% )'#'''
>'# What casa!ties did the( sffer%
)GH dead, %=G "ounded#
>=# What tas. were Canadian so!diers given in 3arch of 19&5%
To reta.e /olland#
>&# What conditions were faced b( the Dtch in the winter of 19&&G19&5%
*ood and fuel "ere cut off7 people "ere staring7 the "inter "eather "as er( cold#
>)# Wh( do (o thin. the fighting was so diffic!t in 8o!!and%
The Canadians "ere undermanned Bthe( had a =:= ratio "ith the 5ermans instead of the
customar( F:= adantage sought b( attac.ing forcesC7 fighting "as oer breached di.es and
house$to$house#
>F# What were the Essians doing whi!e the fighting in <rance etc. too. p!ace%
3ttac.ing all along the eastern front into 0oland and 5erman(#
(he .olocaust Disco2ered
>G# Describe the Da:is final solution for e!i$inating a!! those the( considered >ndesirab!e?.
-aried#
If you havent already seen them you should watch The Pianist or Schindlers List.
8a#an Surrenders
>># What happened on ;gst * and 9, 19&5%
/iroshima and Nagasa.i attac.ed "ith atomic bombs#
>%# What reasons did =4 ;d$ira! Wi!!ia$ 2eah( give for not sing the ato$ic bo$b against
7apan%
/e "as opposed to deliberate attac.s on ciilians7 he felt Kapan "as read( to surrender#
>L# What arg$ents did Co!one! /a! 6ibbets give to spport the se of the ato$ic bo$b against
7apan%
The ob@ectie "as to "in the "ar D atomic bombs enabled that and preented further loss of
lies#
>H# What did Eobert 9ppenhei$er $ean when he said, >We .new the wor!d wo!d not be the
sa$e?%
Opinion $ the genie "as out of the bottle and he feared for the future of the "orld#
%'# 4ggest reasons wh( /resident 8arr( 6r$an of the =nited 4tates decided to a!!ow the se
of the ato$ic bo$bs instead of so$e other $eans to end the war with 7apan.
-aried opinions#
(he )ar at .o'e
%=# 8ow did wo$en he!p the war effort%
*actor( "or.ers and filled in for men a"a( at "ar7 released men for combat duties#
%&# Wh( were sing!e wo$en desirab!e wor.ers in war factories%
The( had no famil( obligations and could "or. long hours#
%)# What wo!d contribte to inf!ation dring the war if nothing was done%
0eople had lots of mone( but there "as little aailable to bu(# Competition for goods "ould
cause inflation#
%F# 8ow did the govern$ent initia!!( hope to stop inf!ation%
Tried to encourage people to bu( "ar bonds "ith their extra dollars#
%G# What steps were ta.en in 19&1%
Wages and prices "ere fro1en#
%># What frther antiGinf!ation po!ic( was introdced in 19&2%
2ationing#
%%# -ive e@a$p!es of a wee.!( ration for a sing!e ad!t.
= .g of meat, &&'g of sugar, &G'g of butter, ==Gg of coffee#
%L# Wh( were nions ab!e to $a.e gains for wor.ers even thogh the govern$ent tried to restrict
their activities%
Manpo"er shortages gae unions an edge in spite of anti$union regulations and la"s#
%H# What inf!ence did the CC< have on govern$ent socia! po!ic( dring the war%
Its social programs "ere increasingl( popular and goernment direction of the econom(
sho"ed it could be done# 0M Aing brought in unemplo(ment insurance and famil(
allo"ances#
L'# Wh( did /3 Jing ho!d a p!ebiscite or referend$ on conscription in ;pri! 19&2%
Canada needed more troops and he "anted to be released from his =H)H promise of no
conscription#
L=# Wh( did /3 Jing contine to avoid sending conscripted so!diers overseas nti! 19&&%
/e didn<t "ant the hassle#
L&# Wh( was it necessar( to send even conscripted so!diers to 5rope in 19&&%
/ea( losses after the inasion of Normand(#
L)# What was their reaction% riots
LF# 8ow $an( of the 12000 so!diers sent acta!!( reached the front% &F>)
)hat the )ar Meant to Canada
LG# Describe the effect the War had on Canadas econo$(.
The alue of goods produced increased from ?G#> billion in =H)H to ?==#L billion in =HFG7
increased exploration for oil#
L># What changes in the re!ative i$portance of agric!tre and other indstries occrred as a
res!t of the War%
The manufacturing sector became a larger portion of the econom(7 cities became more
important as large numbers of people moed to them to "or. in ne" factories#
L%# What attitdes do (o thin. contribted to spport for the re$ova! of 7apaneseGCanadians
fro$ coasta! ,C dring WW''%
Opinion#
LL# Wh( do (o thin. the propert( of 7apaneseGCanadians was confiscated%
Opinion#
LH# What choices were 7apaneseGCanadians given after the war ended%
Moe east of the 2oc.ies or return to Kapan#
H'# What co$pensation do (o thin. sho!d have been given the 7apaneseGCanadian b( Canada%
Opinion#
H=# What >ran.? did Canadas air force and nav( have at the end of the War%
)
rd
largest na(, F
th
largest air force#
H&# 8ow do (o thin. this $ight affect Canadas i$age of itse!f on the wor!d stage%
Opinion#
Reading Guide Key
___ / 10
Canada in the "ost-)ar )orld
Resource: Counterpoints: Exploring Canadian Issues, Chapter *
Introduction
1. Who was 'gor -o:en.o%
3 cler. in the +oiet Embass( in Otta"a#
2. What effect did -o:en.os reve!ations have on how Canadians saw internationa! re!ations%
The( encouraged Canada to align itself more closel( "ith the ;+#
(he Cold )ar Begins
)# Wh( were the =44E and the =4 re!ctant to engage direct!( in ar$ed conf!icts after WW''%
The( feared the effects of nuclear "ar#
F# 8ow did the( co$pete%
Through proxies in "hat "as .no"n as a cold "ar#
G# Co$p!ete the fo!!owing chart ot!ining the differences between the =4 and =44E.
USSR USA
-overn$ent for$ Totalitarian 9emocratic
5cono$( Controlled b( goernment#
,ased on priate inestment and
o"nership
/o!itica! freedo$s No opposition permitted *reedom of speech, press, 8
># Wh( were western contries sspicios of the 4oviet =nion%
*eared the +oiets "ould tr( to oerthro" their goernments#
%# Wh( were the 4oviets sspicios of the west%
*eared inasion#
L# 8ow did the 4oviets tr( to protect the$se!ves fro$ invasion%
Created a buffer b( ta.ing oer their neighbours#
H# 8ow did the =4 tr( to co$bat the spread of co$$nis$ within its own bondaries%
The Committee on ;n$3merican 3ctiities inestigated those reported to be communists Be#g#
led b( +enator McCarth(C and blac.listed them#
='# 2ist how so$e Canadian govern$ents responded to fears of co$$nist sp(ing in Canada%
;nion leaders "ere suspect#
The defense industr( had the 2CM0 do secret chec.s on emplo(ees#
Wor.ers "ere fired if suspected of communist s(mpathies#
Q00 raided offices and homes in search of 4reolutionar( material6#
Quebec<s 0adloc. !a" "as used to shut do"n suspect organi1ations and ne"spapers#
The collapse of the 9uplessis ,ridge "as blamed on communists#

A(5 and the )arsa/ "act
==# What was the prpose of D;69%
3 mutual defense treat( D to attac. one "as to attac. all#
=&# 8ow did the 4oviets react when West -er$an( was ad$itted to D;69%
+et up the Warsa" 0act#
=)# What was the 4oviet response to a revo!tion in 8ngar(%
Crushed it brutall( D sent tan.s against protestors#
=F# Wh( did the 4oviets bi!d a wa!! arond West ,er!in%
To .eep East 5ermans from leaing and "esterners from entering East 5erman(
=G# What was Canadas co$$it$ent to D;69%
3n arm( brigade7 seeral fighter sEuadrons7 maintained bases in Europe7 trac.ed +oiet
submarines
(he Issue of orth A'erican Defense
=># What did the =nited 4tates bi!d to protect itse!f fro$ attac. b( 4oviet $anned bo$bers%
Three radar lines across Canada D 0ine Tree, Mid$Canada and 9e" !ines
=%# What techno!ogica! change contered these defenses%
Inter continental ballistic missiles BIC,MsC#
=L# What organi:ation did the =4 and Canada for$ to $anage the air defense of Dorth ;$erica%
North 3merican 3ir 9efense Command BNO239C
=H# What steps did the federa! govern$ent ta.e to protect Canadian citi:ens fro$ the effects of a
nc!ear war%
Conducted air raid drills and built shelters# B9uc. and head for coerOC
"lanning for "eace: (he United ations
&'# Wh( was the =nited Dations created%
To preent another global conflict#
&=# What powers did it have to oppose aggression%
Condemnation through speeches and resolutions#
Economic sanctions#
Militar( interention#
&&# What is the +ecurit( Council of the =nited Dations%
The part of the ;N that is responsible for maintaining peace and securit(#
&)# What specia! power do the five per$anent $e$bers of the 4ecrit( Conci! possess%
3 eto#
&F# Wh( did the( have this power%
3llo"s them to re@ect actions the( disagree "ith#
&G# What nonGsecrit( goa!s does the =D have%
3bolish disease7 protect human rights#
&># Wh( was the International Monetar( *und created%
To stabili1e the "orld econom( b( helping countries that face great debt and the collapse of
their economies#
&%# 8ow has Canada spported the =D%
+upports arious agencies7 participated in eer( peace .eeping operation from =HG>$=HHL#
&L# What was the Aorean ConflictM
The communist North inaded the +outh# The ;+ led a ;N response to support +outh Aorea#
&H# What is the +ue1 Canal%
Water lin. bet"een the Mediterranean and 2ed +eas#
)'# Wh( did 'srae!, <rance and -reat ,ritain attac. 5g(pt in 195*%
Eg(pt nationali1ed the +ue1 Canal that "as o"ned b( ,ritish and *rench companies and
threatened to bloc. its use b( Israel#
)=# 8ow did the 4oviets respond%
Offered Eg(pt financial aid and "eapons#
)&# 8ow did the =4; respond to both sides%
3ngr( "ith ,ritain, *rance and Israel7 threatened ;++2 "ith retaliation if the( got inoled#
))# What was 2ester /earsons so!tion to this dispte%
+uggested the ;N send a peace.eeping force to separate and mediate bet"een the rial
armies#
(o/ards a More Inde#endent Defense "olicy
)F# What did <ide! Castro acco$p!ish in 1959%
Oerthre" the pro$3merican dictator of Cuba in =HGH#
)G# Wh( did Castro as. the =44E for spport%
;+ had imposed trade sanctions7 bac.ed an anti$Castro inasion of Cuba in =H>=#
)># What for$ did the 4oviet spport ta.e%
Established trade ties "ith Cuba7 sent conentional "eapons7 deplo(ed nuclear$capable
missiles#
)%# 8ow did the =nited 4tates respond to this%
Imposed an air and naal bloc.ade7 prepared for "ar#
)L# What was /ri$e 3inister Diefenba.ers response to =4 /resident Jenned(s e@pectation or
nconditiona! spport%
Wanted to send a fact$finding mission to Cuba7 didn<t beliee ;+ photos of the missile sites7
refused to put Canada<s NO239 forces on alert or to allo" ;+ nuclear armed aircraft
landing rights in Canada#
)H# 8ow did $ost Canadians see Diefenba.ers actions%
L'I thought he "as "rong#
F'# Describe the two points of view of Canadas conservative govern$ents on the isse of
nc!ear weapons in Canada.
3inister of 5@terna! ;ffairs" Canada should be non$nuclear#
3inister of Defense" nuclear "eapons "ere ital to protecting Canada from
communist aggression#
F=# What was the position of the 2ibera!s and 2ester /earson on nc!ear weapons in Canada in
the 19*# e!ection%
Canada<s armed forces should accept nuclear "arheads for ,omarc anti$aircraft missiles
under certain conditions#
(he :ietna' )ar
F&# What did the =nited 4tates fear if 4oth )ietna$ was ta.en over b( co$$nists%
That the rest of +E 3sia "ould fall li.e dominos to the communists#
F)# 8ow did the )ietna$ War esca!ate in 19*5 and 19**%
The ;+ increased its troops to =H','''7 started bombing North -ietnam7 ;++2 and China
supplied "eapons and adisors to North -ietnam#
FF# What was the i$pact of te!evision on how peop!e viewed this war%
Opinion#
FG# 8ow did the war end%
2ichard Nixon promised to pull out as he assumed the 0residenc( in Kanuar( =H>H and did
so b( =H%)#
F># Describe two co$peting views of the war he!d b( Canadians%
Canadian companies supplied material to ;+ forces and most Canadians sa"
communism as a threat#
Man( did not see .illing -ietnamese peasants as @ustified#
F%# 8ow did =4 /resident 7ohnson react to 2ester /earsons criticis$s of =4 actions in )ietna$%
Kohnson sub@ected 0earson to erbal and ph(sical intimidation at a luncheon meeting#
(rudeau!s -oreign "olicy
FL# 8ow did /ri$e 3inister 6rdea signif( that Canadas foreign po!ic( wo!d be !ess
dependent of =4 approva! than in the past%
/e extended official recognition of the 0eoples< 2epublic of China#
FH# What actions did 6rdea ta.e with respect to nc!ear weapons%
2emoed nuclear missiles from Canada<s N3TO forces in Europe7 remoed the ,omarc sites
in Canada#
G'# What actions did 6rdea ta.e with respect to $i!itar( e@penses%
Cut the defense budget7 reduced Canada<s N3TO contingent b( G'I#
G=# What differences e@isted between the contries of the northern he$isphere and the sothern%
+outhern hemisphere is less industriali1ed7 man( countries in the southern hemisphere are
former colonies#
G&# 8ow did 6rdea hope to bridge the gap between Dorth and 4oth%
,( giing more aid to southern hemisphere countries to improe their liing conditions#
G)# What restrictions did C'D; pt on contries receiving Canadian foreign aid%
3id dollars had to be used to bu( goods in Canada#
GF# 8ow $ch tied aid did Canadas govern$ent give to poor contries b( 191&%
3bout half of the ?& billion in aid gien in =HLF#
GG# What was the Columbo 0lan%
3 Common"ealth plan to proide mone( and aid to less deeloped countries Be#g# initing
students to Canadian uniersities, sending Canadian technical expertsC# Most aid "ent to
0a.istan and India#
G># What was +3!T%
+trategic 3rms !imitation Treat( B=H%&C bet"een the ;++2 and ;+3 intended to reduce the
number of nuclear arms#
G%# What happened in ;fghanistan and 5astern 5rope in 1909%
;++2 inaded 3fghanistan7 ;++2 deplo(ed ne" medium range missiles in Eastern Europe#
GL# What was the response of the west to this in"
1909" ;+ deplo(ed more adanced missiles in Europe#
1910" a second round of +3!T tal.s "as cancelled#
1911" ;+ increased its defense spending moderni1ing its nuclear arsenal#
GH# 8ow did tensions contine to esca!ate dring the $idG1910s%
=HL): +oiets shot do"n a Aorean airliner7 ;+ inaded 5renada: ;+ carried out coert
attac.s on the +andinistas in Nicaragua#
>'# What was 6rdeas "al. in the sno"%
/e "ent for a "al. in a sno"storm and decided to retire#
(he Mulroney &ra: closer (ies /ith the United States
>=# 8ow did /ri$e 3inister 3!rone(s po!icies toward the =4 differ fro$ ear!ier /ri$e
3inisters%
/e tried to forge closer ties to the ;+ through personal relationship "ith ;+ 0resident
2eagan and encouraging ;+ inestment in Canada#
>&# What was the =nited 4tates +trategic 9efense Initiatie%
3n anti$missile defense using land and space based "eapons#
>)# What was Canadas officia! response to it%
There "as no official inolement but Canadian companies "ere allo"ed to bid on the
pro@ect<s contracts#
>F# 8ow was 3!rone(s po!ic( on foreign inestment different fro$ that of the 6rdea era%
Mulrone( encouraged it7 Trudeau opposed it#
>G# What were benefits of free trade with the =4 according to those who spported 3!rone(s
ideas on free trade with the =4%
;+ inestment "ould create ne" @obs in Canada and increase productiit( b( giing
Canadians access to ;+ mar.ets#
>># What were the ris.s of free trade according to those who opposed it%
;+ branch plants "ould moe to the ;+ and cheaper ;+ goods "ould oer"helm Canadian
factories# The( also felt Canadian political independence "ould be affected#
>%# What is D;<6;%
North 3merican *ree Trade 3greement bet"een the ;+, Canada and Mexico#
>L# Do (o thin. free trade of N3*T3 was good or bad for Canada% 5@p!ain.
Opinion#
(he &nd of the Cold )ar
>H# What changes did 3i.hai! -orbachev introdce in Essia%
0roposed cuts in the si1e of the ;+ and 2ussian militar(7 introduced economic and social
reforms in ;++27 loosened censorship and allo"ed greater freedom of speech#
%'# Wh( did he do this%
Tr(ing to .eep up "ith the ;+<s spending on arms "as ban.rupting the ;++2#
%=# What is perestroi.a%
2econstruction#
%&# What effect did his changes in Essia have in p!aces !i.e 5ast -er$an(%
East 5ermans demanded similar changes and asserted their independence of 2ussia7 "ould
eentuall( reunite "ith the rest of 5erman(#
%)# Discss the significance of Tiananmen +Euare.
+oldiers and tan.s attac.ed protesters demanding democratic reforms in Tiananmen +Euare#
(he e/ )orld 5rder
%F# Wh( did 'raF invade Jwait in 1990%
Wanted control of Au"aiti oil#
%G# What was the wor!d response to this invasion%
9emanded IraE "ithdra"7 threatened economic sanctions7 ;+ formed a coalition under the
umbrella of the ;N to force IraEi "ithdra"al#
%># What did Canada do%
+ent a sEuadron of C*$==Ls, arm( units, and ships#
%%# What change did /resident -eorge ,sh 4enior see for the =nited Dations after the -!f
War%
The ;N "ould ta.e a more actie role as a global policemen D instead of being a policeman,
it "ould attac. aggressors#
%L# Wh( did the =D intervene in 4o$a!ia%
+omalia "as raaged b( ciil "ar and man( "ere staring7 troops "ere sent to distribute aid
and protect aid "or.ers#
%H# What crisis did Canadian peace.eepers in the region face%
Canadian paratroopers captured, tortured and .illed a +omalian teen found on their base#
L'# What affect did this crisis have on the Canadian ;r$ed <orces%
/igh ran.ing officers tried to coer it up7 the 3irbourne "as disbanded7 the Canadian
3rmed *orces reputation "as tarnished#
L=# 8ow did the =D fai! the peop!e of Ewanda%
;N and ;+ "ere reluctant to act fast and send troops D and the .illing continued#
L&# Wh( do (o thin. the =D and the =4 chose not to act in Ewanda%
The ;+ feared another +omalia and didn<t "ant to get inoled#
A e/ &ra of Glo$ali%ation
L)# What was /ri$e 3inister ChrMtiens Team Canada%
5oernment sponsored trade missions to 3sia and !atin 3merica#
LF# 8ow wi!! globali1ation i$prove the !ot of peop!e in !ess indstria!i:ed contries%
+ome sa( it "ill raise liing standards eer("here because of large inestments b(
international companies#
LG# Do (o agree% 5@p!ain.
Opinion#
L># 4o$e peop!e sa( g!oba!i:ation wi!! have a negative i$pact on Canada. 5@p!ain how the(
thin. this is possib!e.
Companies ma( moe to areas "here safet( standards and "ages are lo"er causing
unemplo(ment in Canada#
L%# Do (o thin. Canada wi!! be ab!e to inf!ence the human rights of citi:ens in other contries
b( restricting or encoraging trade with Canada% 5@p!ain.
Opinion#
Social Studies 11 Unit 1-;
Reading Guide Key
___ / *&
A Changing Society
Introduction
=# 8ow $an( Canadian service$en $arried whi!e the( were overseas dring Wor!d War ''%
One in fie#
&# What adAst$ents did these "ar brides have to $a.e when the( arrived in Canada after
WW''%
To the si1e of the countr(, the "inters, loneliness, the fact that the conditions "ere not al"a(s
as their husbands had described#
Co'ing .o'e
)# What benefits did WW'' veterans receive to he!p the$ adAst to !ife after the war%
Their old @ob if the( "anted it "ith credit for militar( serice as seniorit(, tuition and liing
allo"ances to go to school, -eterans !and 3ct subsidi1ed mortgages, "ar "ido"s "ere gien
preference for goernment @obs#
F# Who were the displaced persons%
2efugees uprooted b( the "ar#
G# 8ow $an( disp!aced persons ca$e to Canada% =>G,'''
># What cha!!enges did these newco$ers face in Canada%
9idn<t spea. English, often could not practice former professions#
%# 8ow was the post WW'' wave of i$$igration different fro$ after WW'%
The( settled in the cit( instead of in rural areas7 the( "ere usuall( "elcomed#
L# What pressre !ed to the deve!op$ent of suburbs after WW''%
!ots of housing "as needed for the rapidl( expanding population7 used land on the outs.irts
of cities because it "as usuall( cheaper#
H# 4ggest reasons wh( it beca$e pop!ar to discorage wo$en fro$ wor.ing after WW''%
Kobs "ere needed for returning eterans and an emphasis on the traditional famil( "ith a
sta($at$home mom#
='# 4ggest reasons wh( Canada birth rate was so high after WW''.
Opinion#
==# What was the i$$ediate i$pact of the bab( boom%
/ousing and schools "ere reEuired and moms to sta( at home to ta.e care of the .ids#
=&# Describe the i$pact of ato$obi!es on societ( in the (ears after WW''.
Corner stores "ere replaced b( supermar.ets and malls7 autos enabled the commute from
the suburbs7 reEuired oil for fuel and caused air pollution#
=)# Describe the i$pact of te!evision on Canadian societ( in the 1950s.
T- magnified eer( cultural trend7 adertising encouraged a consumer societ(#
=F# 8ow was the !ife of a Canadian teenager different in the 1950s co$pared to the 19#0s%
+ta(ed in school longer and had more leisure time in the =HG's7 in the =H)'s the( often had
to "or. to support themseles# In the G's more had part$time @obs and mone( to spend on
goods7 in the =H)'s @obs "ere scarce and no one had much mone(#
=G# Describe how 4nda(s in the 1950s differed fro$ toda(s.
No ne"spapers, stores "ere closed#
=># Who were 3arice Eichard, ,arbara ;nn 4cott, and 3ari!(n ,e!!%
M2 D hoc.e( pla(er for the Canadiens7 M, D long distance s"immer7 ,3+ D figure s.ater#
=%# What worries did the 3asse( Co$$ission have abot te!evision%
*eared it promoted ;+ culture7 "anted Canadian T- to be used for national communication
and cultural education instead of commercial entertainment and profit ma.er as in the ;+#
=L# 5@p!ain wh( (o thin. these worries were or were not Astified.
Opinion#
"ost-)ar "ros#erity
=H# Wh( did /ri$e 3inister Jing want the federa! govern$ent to retain the power to $anage the
econo$( that the provinces had transferred to it dring Wor!d War ''%
Opinion D ma( include D didn<t "ant to repeat the dislocations that occurred after WWI7 to
ensure continued economic securit( and stabilit( as "as experienced in WWII#
&'# What was Jings approach when the provinces refsed%
To let priate industr( handle the transition to peacetime "ith federal incenties to follo"
goernment policies Be#g# tax brea.s, assisted purchase of cro"n corporationsC#
&=# 8ow did the provinces and the federa! govern$ent decide to contine the socia! progra$s
which were deve!oped dring WW''%
The proinces transferred tax po"ers to the federal goernment in return for federal grants
to pa( for social serices7 eEuali1ation pa(ment#
&&# What indstries deve!oped on Canadas frontier after WW''%
Mining and oil#
&)# What t(pe of growth was e@perienced in 9ntario%
Manufacturing#
&F# Describe each of these $egaGproAects"
6ransGCanada 8ighwa(" aried#
4t. 2awrence 4eawa(" aried#
6ransGCanada /ipe!ine" aried#
&G# What were so$e of the advantages of =4 invest$ent in Canada after WW''%
;+ surplus had capital to inest in oil, uranium and iron ore discoeries and to build ne"
factories#
&># What were so$e of the disadvantages of foreign ownership of Canadian resorces and
indstries%
0rofits from these inestments left Canada7 decisions about the management of these
inestments "ere not made "ith Canada<s best interests in mind#
&%# What sorts of bsiness enterprises did these Canadians create"
8. E. 3ac3i!!an" a forestr( compan(#
J. C. 'rving" gas stations, forestr( compan(, ne"spapers#
5. /. 6a(!or" controlled the production of consumer goods and the stores that
distributed them#
the ,ronf$an fa$i!(" controlled the production of consumer goods and the stores
that distributed them#
&L# What victories did !abor nions $a.e on beha!f of their $e$bers in the (ears after WW''%
wages" in =HFG the aerage "age "as >HP per hour# It rose to H=P per hour in =HFL#
wor. wee." G da( F' hour "or. "ee.#
benefits" paid acations etc#
&H# Who did not share the prosperit(%
;norgani1ed "or.ers and immigrants#
)'# 8ow were wor.ing wo$en treated b( societ( and e$p!o(ers%
Condemned b( societ( as bad mothers7 paid less than men D een for the same "or.#
)=# -ive e@a$p!es of how <irst Dations peop!es were affected b( Canadas growth.
Enironmental damage caused b( mines and mills affected their food and "ater suppl(7
construction pro@ects disrupted their traditional hunting and fishing areas#
"ost-)ar "olitics
)&# What options did Dewfond!anders face in 19&1 when the( voted on their ftre%
To continued to be ruled b( ,ritain7 to return to 9ominion status7 to @oin Canada#
))# Who !ed the ca$paign for Dewfond!and to Aoin Canada% Koe( +mall"ood#
)F# Who beca$e /ri$e 3inister after Jing% !ouis +t# !aurent#
)G# Co$pare his $edia i$age to the rea!it( of his natre.
Was promoted as 4.indl( ;ncle !ouis6 based on the perception that he li.ed children# In
realit( he "as an aloof "ealth( man#
)># 8ow did te!evision he!p Diefenba.er defeat the 4t. 2arent govern$ent and beco$e /ri$e
3inister%
T- sho"ed +t# !aurent as tired and old "hile 9iefenba.er seemed (outhful and ibrant#
)%# 8ow did Diefenba.er see hi$se!f%
3s a prairie populist "ho spo.e for and listened to ordinar( people#
)L# 2ist three things Diefenba.er endorsed.
The eEualit( of all Canadians D no h(phenated Canadians#
0resering the ,ritish connection#
/uman rights#
)H# Wh( did <rench Canadians not spport Diefenba.er%
The( did not see themseles the same as other Canadians#
F'# 8ow did /ri$e 3inister 2ester /earson see Canada%
There "ere t"o founding peoples D the *rench and the English7 faored seering the ,ritish
connection in time7 "anted a uniEue Canadian identit(#
F=# 2ist for aspects of Canada that /earson inf!enced"
Total abolition of capital punishment#
Easier diorce la"s#
3 ne" Canadian flag#
Improed social "elfare s(stem#
F&# Who do (o thin. was the better /ri$e 3inister, Diefenba.er or /earson% 5@p!ain.
Opinion#
(he (rudeau &ra
F)# What characteristics $ade /ierre 6rdea sch a change in Canadian po!itics%
2elaxed and irreerent ersus formal and serious#
FF# What did he $ean b( his p!an for a @ust societ(%
That goernment has a dut( to protect people<s rights and freedoms and to foster social and
economic "ell$being#
FG# What i$pacts did the (outh culture have on societ(%
,( =H>G half of North 3merica "as under age &G7 music, hair, clothing, drugs, sexual
promiscuit(7 attracted to arious social and political change moements#
F># What po!itica! protests attracted (ong peop!e%
3nti$-ietnam War7 Women<s Moement7 enironment#
F%# What changes to societ( were $ade b( govern$ent to recogni:e the increased n$bers of
(ong peop!e%
-oting age lo"ered7 drin.ing age lo"ered to counter appeal of drug use7 emplo(ment
programs#
FL# What was the me generation%
The older 4boomers6 of the =HL's and their Euest for "ealth and self$satisfaction#
FH# What conc!sions did the 4tats of Wo$en Co$$ission reach%
Women should hae the right to choose to "or. outside of home#
+ociet( Bas "ell as parentsC should ta.e some responsibilit( for children Bi#e#
subsidi1ed da(careC#
Women should get paid maternit( leae#
The federal goernment should moe to eliminate discrimination against "omen#
G'# What changes in the wor.p!ace have res!ted fro$ the wor. of fe$inists%
Women started to ta.e roles such as engineers, doctors, politicians, and senior executies in
greater numbers7 man( more "or.ed outside of the home#
G=# Who was Eache! Carson%
3uthor of 4+ilent +pring6 "ho "arned of damage man "as causing to the enironment#
G&# What sort of protests did -reenpeace condct in the 1900s%
0rotested nuclear testing on an island off the coast of 3las.a#
&cono'ic Challenges
G)# What was the effect on Canada of the 190# 9/5C e$bargo on oi! ship$ents%
5as and oil prices @umped F''I7 inflation soared#
GF# What happened when prices rose in Canada%
Wor.ers demanded "age increases7 businesses failed as demand for goods fell7
unemplo(ment "as the highest since the =H)'s7 interest rates rose to oer =LI#
GG# What trends occrred after the 1900s with respect to fa$i!( inco$e in Canada%
Women needed to "or. to supplement famil( income7 b( =H%L the aerage famil( income
started to decline#
G># Which Canadian indstries were hardest hit b( the recession of the 1900s%
2esource industries7 fishing in the Maritimes7 fishing, forestr(, and mining in ,C# Ontario
didn<t suffer as much#
G%# Wh( were westerners pset that the federa! govern$ent fro:e the price of western oi! and gas
in the 1900s%
The( felt that the "est "as being penali1ed to benefit the East#
GL# What is a deficit%
When a goernment spends more than it brings in#
GH# 8ow did /ri$e 3inister 3!rone( p!an to redce the federa! govern$ents deficit%
To sae mone( b( trimming 4social program6 spending7 stimulate the econom( b( cutting
taxes#
>'# Did his p!an wor.%
No D the =HH' recession caused unemplo(ment and an increased expense in social programs#
>=# 8ow did /ri$e 3inister ChrMtien first propose to dea! with Canadas hge debt%
To spend mone( to create @obs so "or.ers could spend mone( and boost the econom(#
>&# What did ChrMtien and his <inance 3inister /a! 3artin do when interest rates went p%
Made massie cuts in federal spending Bi#e# ?&G#) billion in three (earsC7 cut F',''' ciil
serice @obs#
>)# What was the i$pact of ChrMtiens and 3artins cost ctting on ordinar( Canadians%
College tuition "hen up7 health care s(stem suffered7 people "ent homeless7 thousands of
children and families lied in poert(#
>F# 5@p!ain wh( (o agree or disagree that govern$ents sho!d redce socia! services in order
that the( can redce debt and/or ta@es.
-aried#
Social Studies 11 Unit 1-<
Reading Guide Key
Da$e" __________________ ___ / 10
(he Canadian Identity:
5ne= (/o= or Many ations>
(he Roots of ?ue$ec ationalis'
=# Which /art( and !eader contro!!ed Hebec in the !ate 19#0s and fro$ 19&& to 1959%
;nion Nationale and Maurice 9uplessis#
&# 8ow did Dp!essis see Hebec and Canada%
+a" Quebec as a 4distinctie nation6 and not @ust as another proince in Canada#
)# 8ow did Dp!essis e$phasi:e Hebecs differences fro$ the rest of Canada%
Created a ne" proincial flag7 opposed gro"ing federal po"ers#
F# What was the ro!e of the Eo$an Catho!ic Chrch in this era%
9efender of Quebec culture7 praised old alues of farm, faith and famil(7 ran schools and
hospitals#
G# What was the focs of edcation in Hebec in this era%
2eligion "as important7 children "ere taught to accept authorit(7 the emphasis of education
"as on the 4classics6 and not on technolog(#
># What sorts of professions were and were not trained b( Hebecs edcationa! s(ste$ of the
&0s and 50s%
Education focused on la"(ers, teachers and clerics7 neglected scientists, engineers and
business people#
%# 8ow did Dp!essis encorage invest$ent in Hebec%
0roided cheap labour b( discouraging unions7 lo" taxes#
L# 8ow did the =nion Dationa!e /art( benefit fro$ this invest$ent%
2eceied .ic.bac.s from inestors and companies#
H# 8ow wo!d Dp!essis po!icies affect <rench Hebec.ers view of their p!ace in Hebec%
-aried D ma( include: *rench spea.ers "ere onl( in the "or.er role and cut off from
leadership roles in most industries7 led to dissatisfaction#
='# Who was 7ean 2esage%
!iberal leader in Quebec7 defeated the ;nion Nationale#
==# What changes did he and the 2ibera!s introdce in Hebec%
+tamped out corruption7 "ages and pensions "ere raised7 restrictions on unions re remoed7
too. control of social serices7 focused on the t"entieth centur(#
=&# Wh( were these changes ca!!ed a Euiet reolution%
-aried#
=)# What inAstices did $an( Hebec.ers fee! the( received at the hands of 5ng!ish Canadians%
Otta"a, the capital, "as English spea.ing#
Ae( *ederal cabinet positions did not go to Quebec.ers#
Questioned "h( there "ere no *rench language schools and hospitals in the rest of
Canada#
Wh( "as the *rench ma@orit( in Quebec expected to spea. English in stores and at
"or.M
=F# What was the >so!tion? to this according to so$e (ong Hebecois%
Quebec should separate#
=G# What was the *!Q%
*ront de !iberation du Quebec7 dedicated to using force to separate Quebec from Canada#
=># What action did Eene 2evesFe ta.e%
!eft the !iberals in =H>% and formed the 0arti Quebecois in =H>L#
=%# Wh( did 2ester /earson appoint the ,ilingualism and ,iculturalism Commission when he
beca$e /ri$e 3inister%
To loo. for "as to ma.e *rench spea.ing people feel more comfortable in the rest of Canada#
=L# Wh( was a new Canadian f!ag created in the 19*0s%
Quebec thought the 42ed Ensign6 "as too English7 it "as felt "e needed one that
s(mboli1ed Canada#
(rudeau and ?ue$ec
=H# What actions did /ierre 6rdea ta.e to redce Hebecois separatist fee!ings when he
beca$e /ri$e 3inister%
3cted on the ,i Q ,i 2eport7 passed the Official !anguages 3ct and promoted *rench in all
federal goernment offices across Canada#
&'# 8ow did western Canadians perceive these actions%
*rench "as being forced on the West "hile its concerns in Canada "ere being ignored#
&=# What was the October Crisis%
-aried#
&&# What events occrred dring the 9ctober Crisis on the dates be!ow%
9ctober 5" Kames Cross Ba ,ritish diplomatC "as .idnapped#
9ctober 10" Quebec !abour Minister 0ierre !aporte "as .idnapped "hen the federal
and Quebec goernments refused to release prisoners#
9ctober 1*" troops "ere sent into Otta"a and Montreal after the War Measures 3ct
"as passed#
9ctober 10" !aporte<s bod( "as found#
Dece$ber" Cross and his captors "ere found7 .idnappers "ere gien safe conduct to
Cuba#
&)# 4ggest two reasons wh( the /arti Hebecois was ab!e to go fro$ 0 to 110 seats in the 1900
e!ection to $aAorit( in 190*.
!eesEue said that a ote for the 0Q "ould not automaticall( mean separation#
&F# What was ,ill ='=%
It made *rench the onl( official language in goernment offices7 commercial signs had to be
in *rench7 immigrant children had to go to *rench schools Band not English onesC#
&G# 8ow was ,ill ='= seen b( <rench spea.ing Hebec.ers%
Welcomed it#
&># 8ow was it seen b( nonGfrancophone Hebec.ers%
Ne" immigrants preferred English7 seen as oppressie#
&%# What did Eene 2evesFe and the separatists pro$ote in the 1910 Eeferend$%
+oereignt($association Bi#e# separate countries "ith close economic tiesC#
&L# What did /ierre 6rdea propose to do if the >no? side won%
Negotiate a ne" constitution#
&H# What prob!e$s did 6rdea face when he tried to repatriate the constittion%
/o" "ould such a Canadian constitution be amendedM Most proinces opposed the Charter
of 2ights and *reedoms fearing it "ould ma.e the courts more po"erful than the legislature#
)'# 8ow did the not"ithstanding clause dea! with the obAections of $ost provincia! !eaders%
3llo"ed a goernment to oerride a clause in the Charter and that % out of the =' proinces
representing G'I of the population could change the Constitution "hich meant that
Quebec<s support "as not needed#
)=# What was the reaction to this proposa! in Hebec%
The( did not li.e the fact that Quebec "as not seen as haing 4distinct status6#
)&# What was the significance of repatriating the constittion%
Canada "as no" completel( independent of ,ritain#
(he Constitution De$ate
))# What did 5ng!ish Canada thin. was the $ain isse facing Canada in 191&%
3 "orsening econom(#
)F# What did Hebec.ers thin. was the $ain isse facing Canada in 191&%
Their relationship "ith the rest of Canada and the constitution#
)G# Wh( did /ri$e 3inister 3!rone( reopen the constittiona! Festion in 191&%
To get Quebec support in the federal election#
)># Wh( did /ri$e 3inister 3!rone( thin. he wo!d be sccessf! convincing Hebecs
govern$ent to agree to the constittion%
2ene !eesEue "as retired and pro$federalist 2obert ,ourassa "as premier#
)%# What concerns did Dewfond!and and ;!berta have at this ti$e%
Ne"foundland "anted more control oer its fisheries7 3lberta "anted more control of its
resources Be#g# oilC#
)L# Wh( did so$e westerners fee! alienated in the ear!( 1910s%
The oil crisis had meant that "estern oil "as sold to the rest of Canada at less than "orld
mar.et prices7 a multi$billion dollar contract had gone to the Quebec compan( ,ombardier
instead of a Winnipeg compan( "ith a better bid#
)H# 4ggest reasons wh( the 2eform 0art( was created in this era.
To be the oice of "estern Canada7 to reform the +enate#
F'# 2ist two a$end$ents to the Constittion which were accepted b( the /re$iers of the
provinces at 3eech 2a.e.
2ecogni1ed Quebec as a 4distinct societ(6#
3ll proinces could eto a change to the constitution#
F=# 8ow did /ierre 6rdea view the distinct societ( c!ase of the 3eech 2a.e ;ccord%
It "ould isolate Quebec ma.ing it less part of Canada instead of more#
F&# 8ow did Hebec.ers see it%
3s a "a( to protect *rench culture and language#
F)# Wh( did 5!iAah 8arper oppose the 3eech 2a.e ;ccord%
It did not recogni1e 3boriginal people as a distinct nation eEual to the *rench and English#
FF# What was the response of Hebec.ers when 3anitoba and Dewfond!and fai!ed to accept the
3eech 2a.e ;ccord%
+a" it as a re@ection and humiliation7 support for separation gre" to >FI#
FG# What was the Charlotteto"n 3ccord%
3n attempt to replace the Meech !a.e 3ccord#
F># What did it pro$ise%
3n amending formula similar to that of Meech#
3n elected +enate#
3boriginal self$goernment#
F%# What obAections did ,C voters have%
Too much po"er for Quebec#
Wh( should Quebec hae &GI of the seats "hen it doesn<t hae &GI of the
populationM
FL# What obAections did Hebec voters have%
Not enough po"er because most of the +enate seats "ere gien to the "est#
3boriginal self$goernment "ould hae a huge impact in northern Quebec#
FH# What was the res!t of the 1995 referend$ on separation in Hebec%
G'#>I said 4No67 the federal goernment passed legislation about the language of a future
referendum reEuiring a clear Euestion and a substantial ma@orit( to pass#
G'# What has happened since 1995 to encorage Hebec.ers to change their $inds abot
separating fro$ Canada%
+upport has been declining#
A Multicultural ation
G=# What sort of i$$igrants did Canada encorage fro$ 1911 to 19*0%
,ritish and northern Europeans7 it "as thought the( "ould adapt better to Canadian societ(#
G&# What changes occrred to Canadas i$$igration po!icies in 19*2%
3 more open attitude to"ard immigrants from other cultures#
G)# What changes occrred to Canadas i$$igration po!icies in the !ate 19*0s%
It became officiall( 4colour blind6 and focused on education and emplo(ment prospects
rather than race#
GF# What is multiculturalism%
The celebration of the heritage and cultures of immigrants to Canada#
GG# 8ow was it encoraged in Canada%
Multicultural festials and actiities7 heritage language classes in schools#
G># What change occrred to Canadas i$$igration po!icies in 190*%
Immigration of famil( members of earlier immigrants "as encouraged#
G%# What changes occrred to Canadas i$$igration po!icies in the 1910s%
3ttempted to attract immigrants "ith mone( and the s.ills to create @obs in Canada#
GL# 5@p!ain wh( (o do or do not thin. $!tic!tra!is$ is a good thing for Canadian societ(.
Opinion#
GH# 8ow is Canadas cultural mosaic different fro$ the =nited 4tates melting pot.
Opinion#
>'# Hebec has often as.ed for a greater share of i$$igrants to Canada and a greater sa( on who
can enter. Wh( do (o thin. this is so%
-aried#
A$original ations
>=# When did aborigina! peop!es get the right to vote% =H>'
>&# Did this have an( i$$ediate i$pact on their Fa!it( of !ife% 5@p!ain.
-aried D but essentiall( no#
>)# Wh( was the National Indian ,rotherhood for$ed in 19*1%
To lobb( on behalf of 3boriginal people liing on reseres#
>F# Define assi$i!ation.
When a minorit( group is encouraged to @oin the mainstream of societ( giing up their
culture and heritage and becoming the same as the ma@orit(#
>G# -ive severa! e@a$p!es of how Canadas govern$ent has tried to assi$i!ate native peop!es.
,anned special celebrations such as potlatches#
+end children a"a( to residential schools often hundreds of miles a"a( from famil(#
End an( special priileges for 3boriginal peoples#
>># What did /ierre 6rdeas govern$ents White 0aper sggest abot how Dative /eop!es
sho!d be treated.
End special rights on reseres Be#g# income tax exemptionC#
Encourage 3boriginal people to leae the reseres and moe to the cities#
End goernment 4ta.ing care6 of 3boriginal people#
>%# What was the response of ;borigina! peop!es%
*urious D /arold Cardinal suggested it "as genocide#
>L# What were residential schools%
,oarding schools for 3boriginal children sponsored b( the goernment and often run b(
churches7 often hundreds of miles a"a( from a child<s home and famil(#
>H# What rep!aced the$%
,and run schools#
%'# What prob!e$s contine to face re$ote ;borigina! peop!es when the( tr( to edcate their
chi!dren%
!ac. of high schools and the need to send their teens a"a( for secondar( and higher
education#
%=# What concerns do (o thin. northern native peop!es had abot the constrction of a pipe!ine
in the 3ac.en:ie Eiver va!!e( in the 1900s%
The effect of 4foreign6 pipeline "or.ers on their communities7 the effect of the pipeline on
the enironment#
%&# Wh( was the ,erger Commission for$ed%
To listen to 3boriginal concerns#
%)# What did it reco$$end%
+uspend pipeline construction for =' (ears7 conduct enironmental studies7 negotiate
financial compensation for the 3boriginal people affected b( pipeline construction#
%F# What is happening in this $atter in 2005%
3 pipeline is again being considered as oil prices rise#
%G# What Festions need to be reso!ved in the $atter of native se!f govern$ent%
What form should it ta.e7 "hat areas should be included7 ho" should land and resource
claims be resoledM
%># Wh( did the confrontation between the 3ohaw.s of the Janesat.e reserve and the Hebec
govern$ent arise%
3 dispute oer land claimed as sacred b( the Moha". arose "hen the to"n of O.a decided to
expand a golf course#
%%# 8ow was the crisis reso!ved%
!and "as purchased and gien to the Moha".s b( the federal goernment#
%L# 9t!ine the histor( of the Disgaa !and c!ai$s.
-aried D ma( coer eents from =LL% to =HHL#
%H# 2ist seven ite$s agreed to b( the Disgaa and the govern$ent when the( sett!ed the Disgaa
!and c!ai$ in 199*.
gien LI of the land originall( claimed#
gien ?=H',''',''' oer =G (ears as compensation for lost lands#
gien o"nership of the forest in their areas#
gien partial profits from h(dro pro@ects#
gien partial profits from forestr(#
allo"ed their o"n municipal goernment#
allo"ed their o"n police force#
gae up tax exempt status#
L'# Wh( was the 1999 for$ation of the territor( of Dnavt a significant event in the $atter of
;borigina! se!fGgovern$ent%
5ae Inuit control oer =#> million sEuare .ilometers of the eastern 3rctic7 suggested that
3boriginal land claims and self$goernment "ould be a po"erful force for change and in
shaping Canada in the t"ent($first centur(#

SS 11 - Unit 1-0 - Reading Guides

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Social Studies 11 Unit 1-1

Reading Guide Key

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