FLOW METER ENGINEERING DATA

Principles

1-1

As in picture 1-1, when the float is installed vertically in

center of taper tube and fluid is flown from bottom to top,

Float Float

the float rises due to the force caused by the pressure

difference around the float.

, -

The increase in gap area and the float results in de-crease

P1-P2 w/a( 1-3)

in fluid speed and the float becomes static after moving to a

- .

point where pressure difference P1-P2 equals w/a(picture 1-

-
.

3). Since the amount of the flow is propor-tional to the

passage area A, when the flow coefficient C is constant, the
flow can be measured by detecting the static position of the
float inside the taper tube. The flow equation for this flow
meter is expressed as follows:

Q = CA

2gVf
rf-ro

a
ro

Q = CA
.( C Q

2gVf
rf-ro
a ro

145

General Calculation

- () P1,
() P2 - W, -
a -

W+P2a=P1a P1P2=w/a .
-

2gh
ro

Q = CA

h .
Af=(s-s) , ro=
A=- , h=
() -
Af=Do/4
A=Do-do/4=Af-a
- W=Vf(rf-ro)

Q = CA

2gVfro(rf-ro)
a

If P1 is the force(pressure) from bottom, P2 the

force.(pressure) from top, and W is the effective weight of
the float, and a is cross sectional area of maximum diam-eter
of float, the condition for the float to be static at some
position is W+P2a=P1aP1-P2=w/a.
When the float is in equlibrium, the flow equation from
Bernoulli theorm is

Q = CA

2gh
ro

so the pressure difference h is in proportion to square root

Af=Cross section area of taper tube on line(s-s)
ro-density of fluid
A=the cross section area of the float and the taper tube,
h=pressure difference
When finding the volume of the fluid corresponding to the
solution, when the float is on a fixed line the cross section
area of the taper tube A=Do/4
Gap area A=Do-do/4=Af-A
The effective weight W=Vf(rf-ro)

Q = CA

2gVfro(rf-ro)
a

FLOW METER ENGINEERING DATA

(GAS)

GAS

When temperature, pressure is different

under identical gas

(1.0332+P1)(273.2+to)
(1.0332+P0)(273.2+t1)

Q1=Q0

)
0.8kgf/G, 30
- 10
,

(1.0332+0.8)x(273.2+20)
(1.032)(273.2+30)

Q1=Q0

Q1=Q0

(1.0332+P1)(273.2+to)
(1.0332+P0)(273.2+t1)

ro
r1

Q1=Q0

Q1
Q0
r1
r0
P1
P0
t1
T0

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Q1=Q0

Example) When gas flow meter is used, the pressure

passing through the flow meter is 0.8kgf/G, the usage
temperature is 30 and the float is fixed at fluid
volume 10, the actual fluid volume calculated is

Q1=Q0

(1.0332+0.8)x(273.2+20)
(1.032)(273.2+30)

When temperature, pressure is different

under different gas

(1.0332+P1)(273.2+to)
ro
(1.0332+P0)(273.2+t1)
r1
When temperture, pressure is same under
different gas
Q1=Q0

Q1=Q0

ro
r1

(1.0332+P1)(273.2+to)
(1.0332+P0)(273.2+t1)

Note

ro
r1

= Actual fluid amount

= Fluid amount according to the scale
= Amout of other gas
= Amount of other gas according to the scale
= Pressure of other gas
P1
P0 = Pressure according to the scale
t1 = Temperature of other gas
T0 = Temperature according to the scale

Q1
Q0
r1
r0

(Viscosity)

Viscosity

.
,

Indicating of flow rate is depandant on change of viscosity

1.
2. .(
)

1. Should confirm the exact viscosity when you order

2. Should keep fixed temperature when usmg the flow
mater.(Viscosity is changable according to
temperature of flow rating)

146

FLOW METER ENGINEERING DATA

1-1

147

Q
C
g
Vf
rf
a

=
=
=
=
=
=

1-2

-
-
-

Q0
QQ1== CA

ro
r1
Qo
Q1
rf

Q
C
g
Vf
rf
a

= Flow rate
= Coefficient
= Acceleration of gravity
= Volume of folat
= Specific weight of float
= Cross sectional area of maximum
diameter of float

=
=
=
=
=

Liquid
ro(rf-rl)
r1(rf-r0)

) Fiuid
500L/H , :
(- : SUS)
)
rf=7900kg/ro=998.2kg/r1=5112kg/

Q = 5000
CA

Note

Calibration method

(Liquid)

1-3

998.2(7900-1512)
1512(7900-998.2)

5000 0.78 3900 L / H

Q0
QQ1== CA

Note

ro(rf-rl)
r1(rf-r0)

ro
r1

= Specific gravity weight on scaleplate

= Specific gravity weight of different
kind of lquid
Qo = Flow rate on scaleplate
Q1 = Flow rate of differen kind of liquid
rf = Specific gravity weight the float

Example) The fluid to be measured is nitric acid. If the

effect of accuracy on fluid volume is not considered,
and the float is fixed at 500L/h, the actual volume of
the liquid is calculated as following : (float material
: SUS)
Answer)
rf=7900kg/ro=998.2kg/r1=5112kg/

Q = 5000
CA

998.2(7900-1512)
1512(7900-998.2)

5000 0.78 3900 L / H

FLOW METER ENGINEERING DATA

Principles

1-1

As in picture 1-1, when the float is installed vertically in

center of taper tube and fluid is flown from bottom to top,

Float Float

the float rises due to the force caused by the pressure

difference around the float.

, -

The increase in gap area and the float results in de-crease

P1-P2 w/a( 1-3)

in fluid speed and the float becomes static after moving to a

- .

point where pressure difference P1-P2 equals w/a(picture 1-

-
.

3). Since the amount of the flow is propor-tional to the

passage area A, when the flow coefficient C is constant, the
flow can be measured by detecting the static position of the
float inside the taper tube. The flow equation for this flow
meter is expressed as follows:

Q = CA

2gVf
rf-ro

a
ro

Q = CA
.( C Q

2gVf
rf-ro
a ro

145

General Calculation

- () P1,
() P2 - W, -
a -

W+P2a=P1a P1P2=w/a .
-

2gh
ro

Q = CA

h .
Af=(s-s) , ro=
A=- , h=
() -
Af=Do/4
A=Do-do/4=Af-a
- W=Vf(rf-ro)

Q = CA

2gVfro(rf-ro)
a

If P1 is the force(pressure) from bottom, P2 the

force.(pressure) from top, and W is the effective weight of
the float, and a is cross sectional area of maximum diam-eter
of float, the condition for the float to be static at some
position is W+P2a=P1aP1-P2=w/a.
When the float is in equlibrium, the flow equation from
Bernoulli theorm is

Q = CA

2gh
ro

so the pressure difference h is in proportion to square root

Af=Cross section area of taper tube on line(s-s)
ro-density of fluid
A=the cross section area of the float and the taper tube,
h=pressure difference
When finding the volume of the fluid corresponding to the
solution, when the float is on a fixed line the cross section
area of the taper tube A=Do/4
Gap area A=Do-do/4=Af-A
The effective weight W=Vf(rf-ro)

Q = CA

2gVfro(rf-ro)
a

FLOW METER ENGINEERING DATA

(GAS)

GAS

When temperature, pressure is different

under identical gas

(1.0332+P1)(273.2+to)
(1.0332+P0)(273.2+t1)

Q1=Q0

)
0.8kgf/G, 30
- 10
,

(1.0332+0.8)x(273.2+20)
(1.032)(273.2+30)

Q1=Q0

Q1=Q0

(1.0332+P1)(273.2+to)
(1.0332+P0)(273.2+t1)

ro
r1

Q1=Q0

Q1
Q0
r1
r0
P1
P0
t1
T0

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Q1=Q0

Example) When gas flow meter is used, the pressure

passing through the flow meter is 0.8kgf/G, the usage
temperature is 30 and the float is fixed at fluid
volume 10, the actual fluid volume calculated is

Q1=Q0

(1.0332+0.8)x(273.2+20)
(1.032)(273.2+30)

When temperature, pressure is different

under different gas

(1.0332+P1)(273.2+to)
ro
(1.0332+P0)(273.2+t1)
r1
When temperture, pressure is same under
different gas
Q1=Q0

Q1=Q0

ro
r1

(1.0332+P1)(273.2+to)
(1.0332+P0)(273.2+t1)

Note

ro
r1

= Actual fluid amount

= Fluid amount according to the scale
= Amout of other gas
= Amount of other gas according to the scale
= Pressure of other gas
P1
P0 = Pressure according to the scale
t1 = Temperature of other gas
T0 = Temperature according to the scale

Q1
Q0
r1
r0

(Viscosity)

Viscosity

.
,

Indicating of flow rate is depandant on change of viscosity

1.
2. .(
)

1. Should confirm the exact viscosity when you order

2. Should keep fixed temperature when usmg the flow
mater.(Viscosity is changable according to
temperature of flow rating)

146

FLOW METER ENGINEERING DATA

1-1

147

Q
C
g
Vf
rf
a

=
=
=
=
=
=

1-2

-
-
-

Q0
QQ1== CA

ro
r1
Qo
Q1
rf

Q
C
g
Vf
rf
a

= Flow rate
= Coefficient
= Acceleration of gravity
= Volume of folat
= Specific weight of float
= Cross sectional area of maximum
diameter of float

=
=
=
=
=

Liquid
ro(rf-rl)
r1(rf-r0)

) Fiuid
500L/H , :
(- : SUS)
)
rf=7900kg/ro=998.2kg/r1=5112kg/

Q = 5000
CA

Note

Calibration method

(Liquid)

1-3

998.2(7900-1512)
1512(7900-998.2)

5000 0.78 3900 L / H

Q0
QQ1== CA

Note

ro(rf-rl)
r1(rf-r0)

ro
r1

= Specific gravity weight on scaleplate

= Specific gravity weight of different
kind of lquid
Qo = Flow rate on scaleplate
Q1 = Flow rate of differen kind of liquid
rf = Specific gravity weight the float

Example) The fluid to be measured is nitric acid. If the

effect of accuracy on fluid volume is not considered,
and the float is fixed at 500L/h, the actual volume of
the liquid is calculated as following : (float material
: SUS)
Answer)
rf=7900kg/ro=998.2kg/r1=5112kg/

Q = 5000
CA

998.2(7900-1512)
1512(7900-998.2)

5000 0.78 3900 L / H

FLOW METER ENGINEERING DATA

Flow coefficient and Raynold number

Generally the outfow coefficient is large resulting in satisfaction in

outflow sensitivity and the effect made by the accuracy sometimes gets

larger.

Installation

1. ,

1. The central axis of taper tube should be installed vertically at

2. By-Pass

places with lowest vibration.

3.

2. By-Pass should be designed if needed.

4.

3. Space for moving parts, replacement, and cleaning should be

5. .
6.
.

prepared before installation.

4. In case of backflow or contraction, regulator should be installed
benind the valve on the bottom stream.
5. Strainer should be installed at up stream if needed.
6. If flow meter is heavy, support should be made to prevent from

bending.

1.

148

.
.
3. 1~2%F.S .

4. Range ability 10 : 1 .
5. .(, , )

Features

-
Shape of Float

2.

6. .

Flow coefficient decreases and

7. Size 4A 250A

change due to viscosity effect is large.

Flow coefficient and effect of

viscosity is smaller than .


.

Coefficient is smaller and is stable

in Raynold number range but coeffecnt
is smaller than .

FLOW METER ENGINEERING DATA

The Accuracy may decreas in following

situations ;

1.
2. - Glass tube : 120cp
Metal tube : 180cp

149

1. Low flow rate

2. Liquid with high viscosity

3.

3. Liquid with low weight percentage

4. (Density : 1.5g/ )

4. Liquid with high Density

Construction

Local indicating transparent tapered tube type

(, ) Float

This is composed of transparent tapered tube (hard glass, acryle,

, -

etc.,) and float, and is used by vertical instal-lation at pipe line. The

, .

flow rate is measured by direct reading of the position of floaf on

Guide

scale of the tapered tube. The structure is as Shown on Fig 1. There

(EGT-1) (EGT-2)

is a float that moves up and down along the guide(EGT-1) and one

. , , PVC

that moves indepen-dently without the guide(EGT-2). Material of

the float as stainless steel, teflon, PVC etc., is chosen according to

the liquid to be measured.

-
< 1, 2>
,
(EMA, EMB) ,

Local indicating metal tube type

One method is where the float and the axis is integrated
constituting the working parts as in Fig 2 where transparent tube is
installed and direct measure

(EMI).

1 (Direct method)

2 (Magnetic couping method)

FLOW METER ENGINEERING DATA

measurements are made by direct reading of the position of the working

parts(EMA, EMB). Other is indirect method where flow rate is

measured by reading the position by means of magnetic coupling(EMI).

This type is more durable against temperature, pressure than taper tube
type and could be used for opaque fluid.

Metal tube local indicating transmitter

4-20mA

Metal tube local indicating transmitter uses the magnetic

. Jacket,

coupling method to convert the movement inside the metal taper

Damper

tube to electric signal, etc. and transmits fluid signal. Output signal

Fin .

has specialized optional functions as DC 4-20 mA.

Marking

The reading of indicator position

(-) -
3 .

(Transparent Taper Tube)

It is a cross sectional area of maximum diameter of

float as shown in Fig 3.

(Transparent Tube)

(Metal Taper Tube)

Kinds of scale

Actual flowrate Measurement : Scale correspon-ding to the

actual measured flow rate.
Equal division scale : Scale divided enenly and numbered
with no regards to actual flow rate.
%Scale : Range of flow rate in %.

% : %

150

FLOW METER ENGINEERING DATA

(Pressure On The Flow meter)

) 1
Niddle () .
, .
Pre-set pressure is set up to the needle valve and the rest is in ambient-pressure condition.
In this case, the flow meter must be manufactured by the ambient pressure.

151

) 2
Niddle 5kg/G .
5kg/G .
Pre-set pressure is set up to the needle valve and the rest is in ambient pressure with pressure of 5kg/G
on the flowmeter. In this case, the flow meter must be manafactured with operating pressure of 5kg/G.

FLOW METER ENGINEERING DATA

(Caution)

.
- .

. ,
.

152

.
() 1 .
. .
.
By-pass .

(Vertical Piping)

(Horizental Piping)