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ABSTRACT
Cigarette smoke is a threat to both smokers and non-smokers alike. The environmental
tobacco smoke that is inhaled involuntarily or passively by someone who is not smoking
is termed as Second-hand smoke (SHS). This is the combination of smoke exhaled by
smokers and smoke from the burning end of the cigarette. Early this year, a new kind of
threat from smoking has been discovered Third-hand smoke (THS) the accumulation
of SHS on surfaces that ages with time, becoming progressively more lethal. THS is a
probable health threat to everyone where smoking is allowed. The goal of this study is to
compare the effects of second-hand and third-hand smoking to children and pregnant
women in terms of physical, internal, and mental growth. According to the information
gathered from the participants, second-hand smoke causes more damage to physical and
internal growth of children and pregnant woman compared to third-hand smoke. In terms
of the effects on mental growth, third-hand smoke causes more fatal effects in mental
health than in second-hand smoke for its massed amount of diseases that one can get
from it. Lastly, there is no significant difference between the effects of second-hand and
third-hand smoking on children and pregnant women. Both have moderate and severe
effects on women and children.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page..i
Abstract....ii
Table of Contentsiii
List of Tables...v

INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study.....1
Theoretical Framework....2
Conceptual Framework..................................................................................3
Statement of the Problem.4
Significance of the Study.....5
Definition of Terms..6

II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature....7
Effects of Second-Hand Smoking to Pregnant Women.............................7
Effects of Second Hand Smoking to Children...........................................8
Effects of Third-Hand Smoking to Children..............................................9
Effects of Third-Hand Smoking to Pregnant Women..............................10
Related Studies...10
Second-hand Smoking...10
Third-hand Smoking......11

III

METHODS
Research Design.13
Research Locale.....13
Research Participants.14
Research Instruments...........................................................................................14
Research Procedures.........14
Scope and Limitation of the Study15

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IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Second-Hand Smoking Effects on
Physical and Internal Growth........................................................................16
Second-Hand Smoking Effects on
Mental Growth............................................................................................17
Effects of Third-Hand Smoking on
Physical and Internal Growth...............................................................................18
Effects of Third-Hand Smoking on
Physical and Internal Growth...............................................................................19

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings.....21
Conclusions....21
Recommendations......22

REFERENCES.....24
APPENDICES
Appendix A (Letters of Request to the Participants......................................27
Appendix B (Interview Questions for Participants)......................................... 31
CURRICULUM VITAE..33

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Second-Hand Smoking Effects on

Physical and Internal Growth....................................................................16
Table 1.1. Second-Hand Smoking Effects on
Mental Growth......................................................................................17
Table 2. Effects of Third-Hand Smoking on
Physical and Internal Growth..........................................................................18
Table 2.1. Effects of Third-Hand Smoking on
Physical and Internal Growth.......................................................................19