Construcii

Parametric correlations between experimental results & base

isolation P. Bratu, O. Vasile, C. Alexandru, P. Murzea



83

PARAMETRIC CORRELATIONS BETWEEN EXPERIMENTAL
RESULTS AND THE BASE ISOLATION, IN SITU,
STRUCTURAL ONES

Polidor BRATU
Prof., PhD, Dipl.-n!., "CCO# $.A., Bu%harest
&Dun'rea de (os) *ni+ersit, - -alai, .a%ult, of n!ineerin! - Br'ila,
-/ail0 i%e%on1i%e%on.ro

Oidiu !ASILE
2e%t., PhD, Dipl.-n!., "CCO# $.A., Bu%harest
Depart/ent of Me%hani%s, *ni+ersit, &Politehni%a)- Bu%harest
-/ail0 o+idiu3+asile45541,ahoo.%o.u6

P"trici" MUR#EA
Assist. Prof., PhD, Dipl.-n!., "CCO# $.A., Bu%harest
7e%hni%al *ni+ersit, of Ci+il n!ineerin! - Bu%harest
-/ail0 patri%ia./urzea1i%e%on.ro

C"r$%n ALEXANDRU
PhD stud, Dipl.-n!., "CCO# $.A., Bu%harest
&Dun'rea de (os) *ni+ersit,, -alai
-/ail0 %ar/en.alexandru1i%e%on.ro

A&str"ct. 7he paper addresses the topi% of the in%onsisten%, 8et9een
experi/ental, la8orator, results for antiseis/i% de+i%es and the d,na/i%
stiffness, internal da/pin! and dissipation para/eters throu!h additional
de+i%es. 7he ne%essar, %orre%tions of the stiffness and dissipation
:da/pin!; para/eters 9ill 8e presented 9hen the antiseis/i% de+i%es are
e<uipped to satisf, the ade<uate fun%tions in a %o/plex stru%tural s,ste/
:8uildin!s, +iadu%ts, 8rid!es; under the %onditions of seis/i% /otions
%hara%teristi% to the =o/anian territor,. "n this %ontext, the 6ine/ati%
ex%itation /ethod, %o/pared to the d,na/i% e+aluation /ethod of the
+i8ration dissipation %apa%it,, produ%ed 8, a seis/i% sho%6 is sho9n.

'%( )ords0 d,na/i% and 6ine/ati% ex%itation, la8orator, testin!, isolators

*+ Introduction
"n a%%ordan%e 9ith the uropean
$tandard # >?>4@0455@, the %onfor/it,
assess/ent and C /ar6in! of the anti-
seis/i% elasto/eri% isolators, used as
%o/ponents of the 8ase isolation s,ste/s,
are done. xperi/ental resear%h %arried
out on spe%ialized testin! fa%ilities, under
d,na/i% re!i/e, is %ondu%ted. 7he
testin! should reprodu%e the loadin!
%onditions e<ui+alent to the operation
spe%ifi% para/eters /ainl, defined 8, the
!eo/etri%al and /e%hani%al
%hara%teristi%s deter/inin! the da/pin!
Urbanism. Arhitectur. Construcii Vol. ? #r. > 45>A



8A
and stiffness para/eters :=i+i%e, >@@@B
Meino+it%h, >@@5B Bratu, 45>>a;.

"n order to deter/ine the da/pin! %apa%it,,
the elasto/eri% isolators are su8Ce%ted to
shearin! 8, /eans of 6ine/ati% har/oni%
ex%itations defined under the
for/ t A x
1 0
sin = , 9here A
5
is the a8solute
displa%e/ent a/plitude of the loaded plate
ed!e, in respe%t to the fixed ed!e and D
>
is
the 6ine/ati% ex%itation pulsation :Bratu,
4555B Eell, and Eonstantinidis, 45>>;. "n this
%ase, %onsiderin! of the h,steresis loop for
the instantaneous +is%oelasti% for%e
x c kx Q
&
+ = dependin! on the instantaneous
defle%tion x, the loss fa%tor of the internal
ener!, F, representin! the dissipation effe%t,
as 9ell as the e<ui+alent %riti%al da/pin!
fra%tion
eq
are deter/ined :-iuliani, >@@3B
7,ler >@@>;.

7he loadin! %onditions sho9ed that the
isolator has no atta%hed %on%entrated
/ass, /eanin! that 0 m , and the
ex%itation is 6ine/ati% ex%lusi+el, 9ith
the har/oni% displa%e/ent externall,
applied :Bratu and Dra!an, >@@GB Bratu
and Vasile, 45>4;.

"n this %ontext, the da/pin! expressed 8,
the s,ste/ para/eter
eq
, defined 8,
max
4
el
eq
W
W

= :Bratu and Mihal%ea, 45>>;,
differs as %o/pared 9ith the para/eter
related to a linear +is%oelasti% s,ste/
ha+in! the /ass 0 m , expressed under
the for/ of
km
c
2
= :Viola, 455>;.

7hus, the da/pin! para/eter
eq
%ould
8e deter/ined 8, la8orator, testin! onl,.
7hus, the a%tual stru%tural anal,sis usin!
the supportin! and the 8ase passi+e
isolation s,ste/, ha+in! appropriate
%onfi!uration, the +alues of para/eter
eq
in %orrelation 9ith the effe%ti+e
para/eter for the a%tual s,ste/, should
8e ta6en into a%%ount :Bratu and Vasile,
45>5B Bratu, 45>>%;.

,+ E-t%rior H"r$onic Actions "..li%d on
t/% El"sto$%ric Isol"tor
7his %orrelation 8et9een
eq
o8tained
under har/oni% elasti% defle%tion a%tions
6ine/ati% applied and
d
under d,na/i%
a%tions %ould 8e perfor/ed, so that the
ener!, dissipated under the 6ine/ati%
re!i/e
c
W 9ould 8e e<ual to the ener!,
dissipated under d,na/i% re!i/e
d
W .

.i!ures > and 4 illustrate one elasto/eri%
isolator %onsistin! of se+eral ru88er
la,ers separated 8, steel shi/s, under
6ine/ati% ex%itation of the for/
( ) t A t x
1 0
sin = :.i!. >; and under
d,na/i% ex%itation !o+erned 8, the la9
( ) t F t F
2 0
sin = :.i!. 4;. .i!. 3 and A,
represent a ph,si%al s,ste/ 9ith a
s,//etri% ex%itation s,ste/. 7he linear
+is%oelasti% s,ste/ %hara%teristi%s are %
and 6, 9ithout an added /ass.

*nder the 6ine/ati% ex%itation, of the
for/ ( ) t A t x
1 0
sin = , the d,na/i%
response related to the +is%oelasti%
%onne%tion for%e ( ) t Q is o8tained as
:Dol%e et.al., 45>5B .a%%ioli and Paolu%%i,
455?;0
( ) ) sin(
1 1 0
+ = t Q x c kx t Q
&
and further0

2
1 0 0
1 + = kA Q :>;
1
1
1

= =
k
c
tg :4;
7he dissipated ener!,
c
W %an 8e
9ritten as0
2
0 1
A c W
c
=
"f one introdu%es
1 1
k c = , the pre+ious
relation 8e%o/es0

2
0 1
A k W
c
= :3;
Construcii
Parametric correlations between experimental results & base
isolation P. Bratu, O. Vasile, C. Alexandru, P. Murzea



8?

0i1+ *. Ph,si%al /odel for anti-seis/i% elasto/eri%
isolator 9ith as,//etri%al ex%itation s,ste/0
Eine/ati% ex%itation

0i1+ ,. Ph,si%al /odel for anti-seis/i% elasto/eri%
isolator 9ith as,//etri%al ex%itation s,ste/0
Dina/i% ex%itation

0i1+ 2. Ph,si%al /odel 9ith a s,//etri% ex%itation
s,ste/0 Eine/ati% ex%itation

0i1+ 3+ Ph,si%al /odel 9ith a s,//etri% ex%itation
s,ste/0 Dina/i% ex%itation
2+ E-t%rn"ll( A..li%d D(n"$ic 0orc%
)it/ 0
4
Const"nt
*nder the d,na/i% ex%itation of the for/
( ) t F t F
2 0
sin = , 9here .
5
represents the
a/plitude of the a%tion, the displa%e/ent
response ( ) t u u = is o8tained usin! the
follo9in! instantaneous d,na/i% e<uili8riu/
e<uation0
t F ku u c
2 0
sin = +
&
:A;
<uation :A; underlines that one 9or6s
9ith a "
st
order ph,si%al s,ste/, 9ithout
/ass, so its resonan%e is less. 7he solution
( ) ( )
2 2
sin = t A t u should +erif,
e<uation :A;, leadin! to the follo9in!
relation :=i+i%e, 4553;0

2
2
0
1
1
+
=
k
F
A ,
2
2
2

= =
k
c
tg :?;
7a6in! into %onsideration relation :?;, the
dissipated ener!,
d
W is !i+en 8, the
e<uation0

2
2
2
2
0
2
1
1

+
=
k
F
k W
d
:H;
*sin! the %ondition that
d c
W W = , results in0
0
1 2
2 2
2 1
= + :G;
9ith
0
0
kA
F
= 8ein! the d,na/i%
/ultipli%ation fa%tor.
.ro/ :G; one o8tains
2
under d,na/i%
re!i/e, dependin! on
1
under 6ine/ati%
re!i/e, as follo9s0
[ ]
2
1
4 2
1
2
4
2
1

= :8;
a; the sin!le solution of e<uation :8; is
possi8le onl, under the follo9in!
%ondition0
0 4
2
1
4
= :@;
and further

1
0
0
2 = =
k A
F
:>5;
"n this %ase, the solution of e<uation :8; is
under the for/0
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
= =

:>>;
Urbanism. Arhitectur. Construcii Vol. ? #r. > 45>A



8H
7hus, the loss fa%tor has a unitar, +alue
and 5 , 0
2
1
2 2
= = .
5 , 0
max
2
= represents the /axi/u/ +alue.
8; the a%tual and distin%t solutions of
e<uation :8; are possi8le onl, for
0 4
2
1
4
> , or
1
2 > . "n %ase
of a%tual para/etri% +alues
6 , 1 2 , 0
1
, the ran!e for is
o8tained as 78 , 1 63 , 0 .

0i1+ 5. D,na/i% /odel of the passi+e isolation
s,ste/ under seis/i% inertia ex%itation0
"nstantaneous translation /oti on

0i1+ 6. D,na/i% /odel of the passi+e isolation
s,ste/ under seis/i% inertia ex%itation0
"nstantaneous a%%elerati on

As an exa/ple, an elasto/eri% isolator
9ithout additional /ass, 9ith
m N k / 10 5 , 1
6
= , 20 , 0 =
eq
, 40 , 0
1
= is
tested in la8orator, under har/oni%
%,%les ha+in! the linear a/plitude
08 , 0
0
= A /. *nder har/oni% d,na/i%
re!i/e, %hara%terized 8, 120
0
= F 6#, the
da/pin!
2
is o8tained as follo9s0
89 , 0 4 , 0 2 1
10 8 10 5 , 1
10
2 6
5
0
0
= > =

= =

kA
F
and fro/ relation :8; it results in 0 , 2 ' '
2
=
leadin! to 25 , 0 '
2
= and 0 , 1 "
2
= ,
respe%ti+el,, 8oth +alues 8ein! hi!her
than 20 , 0 =
eq
.

3+ H"r$onic S%is$ic Actions on t/%
El"sto$%ric Isol"tor
7he d,na/i% /odel for the linear
+is%oelasti% 8ase isolation s,ste/, 9ith m, k
and c %onsidered as s,ste/ para/eters, is
represented in .i!. ? and H, for t9o distin%t
positions. "n .i!. ?, the s,ste/ is under
instantaneous translation /otion. "n .i!. H,
the %oordinates ( ) t x related to the /ass /
and ( ) t u for the supportin! 8ase, %aused 8,
the seis/i% a%tion 9ith the instantaneous
a%%eleration t a u sin
0
=
& &
for the
funda/ental spe%tral %o/ponent, ha+in!
the pulsation D, are illustrated :Carotti and
2atella, >@@@B Bratu, 4558;.

7he e<uation of /otion for the /ass m,
related to the fixed referen%e s,ste/
O
>
I
>
J
>
is of the for/0
0
1
= + + kx x c x m
& & &
:>4;
in 9hi%h x u x + =
1
represents the
a8solute displa%e/ent.
7he relati+e displa%e/ent of the /ass m,
9ith respe%t to the /o+in! referen%e
s,ste/ :ha+in! the a%%eleration u
& &
; Ox, is
( ) t x . 7hus, one has0
( ) 0 = + + + kx x c x u m
& & & & &

or u m kx x c x m
& & & & &
= + + :>3;
"f one introdu%es t a u sin
0
=
& &
, the
pre+ious relation 8e%o/es0
t ma kx x c x m sin
0
= + +
& & &
:>A;
7he final solution is0
( ) = t A x sin :>?;
in 9hi%h A and are o8tained fro/ the
%ondition that +erifies e<uation :>A;.
7hus, it results0

( )
2 2
2
2
2
0
4 1
1
+
=

n
a
A :>H;

2
1
2


=

tg :>G;
Construcii
Parametric correlations between experimental results & base
isolation P. Bratu, O. Vasile, C. Alexandru, P. Murzea



8G

n

= B
m
k
n
=
2
:>8;
7he ener!, dissipated under seis/i%
d,na/i% ex%itation re!i/e, is :Bratu et. al,
45>>;0

( )
2 2
2
2
2
0
2
4 1
2
+

=

a
m
W
n
d
:>@;
7he %ondition
d c
W W = , leads to the
follo9in! relation0

( )
2 2
2
2
2
4 1 +

=

eq
:45;
and further 9e ha+e the se%ond order
e<uation in , of the for/0
( ) = +
2
2
2 2 2
1 4
eq eq
:4>;
ha+in! the solution0
( )

=
2
2
2 2 2 4 2
2
1 16
8
1
eq
eq

At resonan%e, for 1 = , one o8tains0

eq
rez

2
4
1
= :44;
9here
2
0
0
n
A
a

= is the a%%eleration
/ultipli%ation fa%tor.

As an exa/ple, an elasto/eri% isolator
ha+in!
6
10 5 , 1 = k #K/, 2 , 0 =
eq
is tested
at 088 , 0
0
= A /. .or a stru%tural s,ste/
9ith 2 =
n
su8Ce%ted to a /axi/u/
a%%eleration g a 25 , 0
0
= , the result is0
707 , 0
4 088 . 0
10 25 , 0
2
=

62 , 0
2 , 0
707 , 0
4
1
2
= =
/eanin! that for the s,ste/ is three
ti/es hi!her than
ech
deter/ined in the
la8orator,.

6+ Conclusions
7he follo9in! %on%lusions %an 8e
s,nthesized 8ased on the anal,sis
intended to e<ualize the dissipated
ener!, under different ex%itation
re!i/es, 6ine/ati% and d,na/i%0
a; the testin! /ethod 9ith 6ine/ati%
ex%itation onl,, 9ith har/oni%
displa%e/ent of the for/
( ) t A t x
1 0
sin = allo9s the
deter/ination of the e<ui+alent
da/pin!
eq
. 7his is spe%ifi% to the
isolation s,ste/ under la8orator,
experi/ental %onfi!uration, onl,.
8; the da/pin! e+aluation under
d,na/i% ex%itation for s,ste/s
ha+in! a%tual d,na/i% 8eha+ior
puts into e+iden%e the ne%essit, to
deter/ine the s,ste/ para/eter
as a fun%tion of the experi/ental
para/eter
eq
B
%; for the s,ste/ under a%tual
%onfi!uration depends 8oth on the
t,pe of the d,na/i% ex%itation as
9ell as the existen%e of the /ass
9ith inertial effe%t.

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R%c%i%d0 April >4, 45>3 R%is%d0 April 44, 45>3 Acc%.t%d0 April 43, 45>3