T1e5 PDF

Proceedings of the Asia Pacific Industrial Engineering & Management Systems Conference 2012
V. Kachitvichyanukul, H.T. Luong, and R. Pitakaso Eds.
A Study of Hand Anthropometry of Kindergarten Children in

the South of Thailand
Surasit Rawangwong Jaknarin Chatthong and Worapong Boonchouytan
Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering
Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Songkhla, Thailand
Tel: (+66) 74-317-162 Fax: (+66) 74-317-163
Email: sitnong2@yahoo.co.th
Abstract. The objective of the research was to study of hand anthropometry of kindergarten children in the
South of Thailand. The 41 dimensions. of hand proportions were measured by anthropometer, digital vernier
caliper and measuring tape. There were 650 subjects; 330 male and 320 female children with the age of 4-6
years old. Kindergarten children, males with a mean age, height and weight was 5.13(0.75) year
113.20(6.14) cms. 20.49(4.26) kgs. respectively, and kindergarten children, females, mean age, height and
weight was 5.10(0.77) year 112.34(8.75) cms .19.76(3.54) kgs. respectively. The size comparison of the
41 measured hand anthropometric proportions of female and male kindergarten children in the South of
Thailand revealed that there was no different result between male and female subjects with significance
(p<0.05). Apart from, the proportion 11) Width at tip digit 5, A 11, 12) Width at tip digit3, A 12, 14) Width at
1st Joint digit 3, A 14, 15) Width at 2nd Joint digit 5, A 15, 19) Fingertip to carpometacarpal joint, A 19, 22)
Fingertip to wrist joint, A 22, 24) Depth at metacarpophangeal joint digit 3, A 24, 25) Depth at tip digit 5, A
25, 26) Depth at tip digit 3, A 26, 28) Depth at tip digit 3, A 28, 37) Fingertip to front axilla, A 37, and 39)
Acromion to axilla, A 39 respectively.
Keywords: ergonomics, hand anthropometry, male and female, kindergarten children.
1. INTRODUCTION
properly designed machines and equipments may lead to

lower work performance and higher incidence to work
related injuries have discussed that for years,
anthropometry has been used in national sizing surveys as
an indicator of health status. Anthropometric measurement
of human limbs plays an important role in design of
workplace, clothes, hand tools, manual tasks or access
spaces for the hand and many products for human use.
Hand anthropometry is useful for determining various
aspects of industrial machineries and for ergonomics hand
tool design, Imrhan et al. (1993). The examples of such
facilities and hand tools that need hand dimensions during
design are various machine guards, curved knife guards,
trigger guards of power tools, pliers, hammers and so on.
To design any product for human use, human factors
engineers have to rely on anthropometric data, otherwise
the output product may turn out to be non-ergonomically
designed product or the product may turn out to be
ergonomically incompatible.
Like many industrially developing countries, Thailand
is a major market for different consumer and capital goods.
Most of them are imported from Industrialized Countries.
In regular work human beings use a variety of

equipment, including hand tools, to accomplish various
tasks. Such equipment should be compatible with the
physical characteristics of the workers. Mismatches
between human anthropometric dimension sand equipment.
Dimensions are known to be a contributing factor in
decreased productivity discomfort accidents biomechanical
stresses fatigue injuries and cumulative traumas. Therefore,
various researchers have pointed out the importance of
using relevant anthropometric data in equipment design.
The
economic
growth
and
technological
improvements have lead to greater demand and
development of machines and devices used in industrial
settings. With these dramatic changes there has also been
greater interaction between man and machines.
Anthropometric data are one of essential factors in
designing machines and devices. Incorporating such
information would yield more effective designs, ones that
are more user friendly, safer, and enable higher
performance and productivity. According to the lack of
________________________________________
: Corresponding Author
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Rawangwong et al.
metacarpophangeal joint digit 3, A 24; 25) Depth at tip digit

5, A 2; 26) Depth at tip digit 3, A 26; 27) Depth at tip digit
5, A 27; 28) Depth at tip digit 3, A 28; 29) Depth at 2nd joint
digit 5, A 29; 30) Depth at 2nd joint digit 3, A 30; 31) Depth
at metacarpophangeal joint digit 3, A 31; 32) Depth of
knuckles, A 32; 33) Depth at wrist joint, A 33; 34)
Maximum depth of hand, A 34; 35) Fingertip to elbow joint,
A 35; 36) Fingertip to acomion, A 36; 37) Fingertip to front
axilla, A 37;38 ) Fingertip to back axilla, A 3; 39) Acromion
to axilla, A 39; 40) Width at elbow joint, A 40; 41) Depth at
elbow joint, A 41. as shown in Figure 1.
3) The allocated positions of the hand anthropometry
for reliability and accuracy by lib liner which has 46
positions. The details were five categories as followings; 1)
the finger part was 28 positions 2) the palmist part was 9
positions 3) the wrist part was 2 positions, 4) the elbow part
was 4 positions and 5) shoulder part was 3 positions.
4) The instrument and equipment were conducted in
collecting data of hand anthropometry consisted of 1)
digital vernier caliper 2) anthropometor 3) measuring tape.
Frequently, these imported goods were designed based on

anthropometric data of the exporting nation rather than
anthropometric data of the users nation. If better fitted
hand tools are to be produced for Thailand workers,
knowledge of hand anthropometry is required. The standard
researches of childhood hand anthropometry proportions
for a production design in Thailand still lack. As the change
from their growth, the standard of hand anthropometry of
primary school students in the South of Thailand also has
no any data based resources in order to working in the
production design.
Therefore, the main aim of the research study was to
survey the hand anthropometry of primary provincial
school students with the age of 4-6 years in the South of
Thailand for hand product development including the result
could become the data based for further study in related
areas.
2. EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS
This survey research was to collect the hand
anthropometry of 650 subjects; 330 males (boys) and 320
females (girls) from kindergarten provincial school students
in the South of Thailand at the age of 4-6 years. Then, the
data was compared to the differences of normal hand size
for each sex.
1) The hand anthropometry of 650 subjects; 330 males
and 320 females from kindergarten provincial school
students in the South of Thailand at the age of 4-6 years
with normal hand size and measured on the right hand.
2) The sampling group was male and female from 14
kindergarten provincial school students in the South of
Thailand and all data collection was recorded in the hand
anthropometry format designed by International Organization
for Standardization, ISO e.g. ISO 7250 : 1996. Moreover, the
measurement was done during the staff standing hand
(Static dimensions) with three times and the data was
analyzed for mean and percentile; 1, 5, 50, 95 and 99. There
were 41 measurement positions as following; proportion 1)
Fingertip to root digit 5, A 1; 2) Fingertip to root digit 3, A
2; 3) 1st Joint to root digit 5, A 3; 4) 1st Joint to root digit 3, A
4; 5) 2st Joint to root digit 5, A 5; 6) 2st Joint to root digit 3, A
6;7 ) Fingertip to 1st joint of digit 5, A 7; 8) Fingertip to 1st
joint of digit 3, A 8; 9) Fingertip to 2nd joint of digit 5, A 9;
10) Fingertip to 1st joint of digit 3, A 10; 11) Width at tip
digit 5, A 11; 12) Width at tip digit 3, A 12; 13) Width at 1st
Joint digit 5, A 13; 14) Width at 1st Joint digit 3, A 14; 15)
Width at 2nd Joint digit 5, A 15; 16) Width at 2ndJoint digit 3,
A 16;17 ) Maximum width of hand, A 17; 18) Length of
hand, A 18;19 ) Fingertip to carpometacarpal joint, A 19;
20) Width at knuckles, A 20; 21) Third digit to base of
thumb, A 21; 22) Fingertip to wrist joint, A 22; 23) Hand
breadth at metacarpas, A 23; 24) Depth at
3. RESULTS
The measurement of the hand anthropometry of 650
subjects; 330 males and 320 females from kindergarten
provincial school students at the age of 4-6 years old in the
South of Thailand by using various kinds of measurement
instruments, there were 41 proportions of hand size
measurements. The data was analyzed by means, standard
deviations, and percentile was at 1, 5, 50, 95 and 99. This
data analysis was used to compare the hand size of the male
and female kindergarten school students. The statistic of Ztest was applied in this treatment and it had also the
reliability at 95 % as following details;
1) The results of the hand anthropometry of male and
female kindergarten provincial school students in the South
of Thailand.
The findings of measurement of the hand
anthropometry of 330 male and 320 female children from
Thailand with 41 proportions and then analyzed by means,
standard deviations, and percentile at 1, 5, 50, 95 and 99
were presented in Table 1. Presenting the measurement of
the hand anthropometry of 330 males with the age of 4-6
years from kindergarten provincial school students in the
South of Thailand and in Table 2. Presenting the
measurement of the hand anthropometry of 320 females
with the age of 4-6 years from kindergarten provincial
school students in the South of Thailand.
2) The comparison between male and female children
hand anthropometry from kindergarten provincial school
students in the South of Thailand.
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Rawangwong et al.
The comparison of the hand anthropometry between

male and female children with the age of 4-6 years from
Thailand was shown in Table 3. The measurement
proportion was 41 proportions. The means, standard
deviations were analyzed by using Z-test with 0.5
significant.
4. CONCLUSION
This study was conducted to provide hand anthropometric
information of kindergarten provincial school students with
the age of 4-6 years, which could be used for the ergonomic
design of workspace and products. A total of 41 hand
anthropometric dimensions extracted from 650 children are
listed in the forms of mean, standard deviation and percentile
values. The differences among age groups, between males and
females groups.
According to the research results of this study, the
measurement 41 proportions of the hand anthropometry of
650 subjects; 330 males with age of 5.13(0.75) yrs, weight
of 20.49(4.26) kgs .and height of 113.20(6.14) cms;
whereas, 320 females with age of 5.10(0.77) yrs, weight of
19.76(3.54) kgs and height of 112.34(8.75) cms,
respectively, from kindergarten provincial school students in
the South of Thailand was summarized into means, standard
deviation and percentile at 1, 5, 50, 95 and 99. This will be
useful for the new designs/design modifications for hand tools,
workstations, hand apparel, tools and protective equipment and
other practical applications. And the findings could be used as
hand anthropometry data based. These following details were
concluded.
The comparison of the hand anthropometry with 41
proportions between males and females children with the
age of 4-6 years from kindergarten provincial school
students in the South of Thailand could be concluded that
the male students had different (significant at P<0.05) hand
size from the female students almost proportion items.
Apart from, the proportion 11) Width at tip digit 5, A 11; 12)
Width at tip digit3, A 12; 14) Width at 1st Joint digit 3, A 14;
15) Width at 2nd Joint digit 5, A 15; 16) Width at 2ndJoint
digit 3, A 16; 19) Fingertip to carpometacarpal joint, A 19;
22) Fingertip to wrist joint, A 22; 23) Hand breadth at
metacarpals, A 23; 24) Depth at metacarpophangeal joint
digit 3, A 24; 25) Depth at tip digit 5, A 25; 26) Depth at tip
digit 3, A 26; 28) Depth at tip digit 3, A 28; 33) Depth at
wrist joint, A 33; 37) Fingertip to front axilla, A 37; 38)
Fingertip to back axilla and 39) Acromion to axilla, A 39
respectively.
This study has provided new data for hand dimensions
that may be useful for the design for hand tools and apparel e.g.
gloves, hand tools etc. for the Thai population until more
informative data become available. The data showed that
significant differences exist. Practitioners must be aware of the
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure 1. Showing the positions of 41 proportions
(Saengchaya and Bunterngchit 2004)
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Rawangwong et al.
Table 1: The means, standard deviations and percentile at 1, 5, 50, 95, and 99 of the hand anthropometry of 330 males with the
age of 4-6 years. (unit: millimeter)
Percentiles
Proportion Items
Mean
SD
1th
5th
50th
95th
99th
.1Fingertip to root digit 5, A 1
46.24
5.44
32.91
39.44
45.59
56.05
60.34
62.49
6.82
48.94
52.71
61.93
75.34
81.37
.31st Joint to root digit 5, A 3
28.12
4.86
18.72
22.49
27.89
36.75
41.23
41.50
5.79
22.51
35.23
40.99
50.71
55.63
16.02
5.05
10.51
11.48
15.01
24.84
29.62
21.85
3.55
13.08
16.67
21.74
27.28
30.39
.7Fingertip to 1st joint of digit 5, A 7
19.34
2.69
11.14
15.11
19.34
23.29
27.27
29.96
st
.8Fingertip to 1 joint of digit 3, A 8
21.77
3.10
12.44
18.12
21.45
26.78
.9Fingertip to 2nd joint of digit 5, A 9
30.71
4.50
16.25
23.82
30.67
36.91
39.63
41.13
4.28
31.18
35.07
40.84
48.13
51.24
.11Width at tip digit 5, A 11
11.11
2.22
7.71
8.70
10.92
13.71
17.08
13.17
1.61
9.27
10.99
13.07
15.67
18.95
.13Width at 1st Joint digit 5, A 13
12.49
1.82
7.94
10.42
12.20
15.70
19.48
14 .Width at 1st Joint digit 3, A 14
14.18
2.61
9.21
11.37
13.97
16.82
20.18
.15Width at 2nd Joint digit 5, A 15
13.81
2.09
9.18
10.87
13.67
16.95
20.01
.16Width at 2ndJoint digit 3, A 16
16.41
2.33
11.26
12.46
16.40
19.74
22.46
.17Maximum width of hand, A17
79.25
7.17
68.00
69.20
79.00
92.16
98.00
.18Length of hand, A18
147.13
10.35
130.00
132.00
145.29
165.00
171.96
.19Fingertip to carpometacarpal joint. A19
119.68
16.96
90.53
100.00
116.00
150.00
155.94
.20Width at knuckles, A20
69.00
7.87
45.26
60.00
67.20
81.16
89.00
.21Third digit to base of thumb, A21
113.08
19.06
81.23
83.12
110.00
145.00
158.96
.22Fingertip to wrist joint, A22
156.89
17.48
130.06
135.00
154.14
192.85
197.98
.23Hand breadth at metacarpals, A23
63.81
7.81
38.01
55.00
62.00
79.00
81.96
.24Depth at metacarpophangeal joint digit 3, A24
78.40
10.74
59.24
61.84
79.42
96.83
99.10
.25Depth at tip digit 5, A25
9.32
1.40
6.60
7.35
9.18
11.98
13.14
10.75
1.64
7.82
8.20
10.64
13.60
14.55
11.10
1.68
7.92
8.59
11.05
14.24
14.99
12.45
1.64
9.18
10.02
12.49
15.05
16.80
18.71
nd
.29Depth at 2 joint digit 5, A29
13.25
1.98
8.29
10.61
13.17
16.43
.30Depth at 2nd joint digit 3, A30
15.66
2.07
10.24
12.36
15.46
18.81
21.98
24.02
3.41
15.03
19.80
24.00
29.62
32.00
.32Depth of knuckles, A32
35.77
5.49
23.21
27.00
35.50
45.72
48.96
.33Depth at wrist joint, A33
35.89
5.05
22.16
29.00
36.00
44.00
47.00
34 .Maximum depth of hand, A34
27.08
5.45
12.20
21.00
26.00
37.80
45.88
35 .Fingertip to elbow joint, A35
351.66
35.88
227.32
305.00
354.00
400.00
420.00
36 .Fingertip to acomion, A36
579.16
56.65
451.00
480.00
580.00
660.00
689.60
37 .Fingertip to front axilla, A37
549.26
54.94
427.08
451.60
554.00
630.00
650.00
38 .Fingertip to back axilla, A38
537.03
57.03
410.04
439.20
542.00
620.00
640.00
39 .Acromion to axilla, A39
126.38
15.18
73.68
100.68
128.00
150.00
155.96
40 .Width at elbow joint, A40
70.87
9.97
39.44
56.92
70.00
88.00
92.48
41 .Depth at elbow joint, A41
56.20
6.80
43.08
47.00
55.00
68.00
72.00
971
Rawangwong et al.
Table 2: The means, standard deviations and percentile at 1, 5, 50, 95, and 99 of the hand anthropometry of 320 females with
the age of 4-6 years. (unit: millimeter)
Proportion Items
Mean
SD
46.42
5.39
Percentiles
1th
5th
50th
95th
99th
32.91
40.11
45.92
55.36
57.88
62.80
7.41
48.86
51.81
62.72
74.18
81.45
28.17
4.35
18.82
22.50
27.56
35.61
41.58
41.28
6.22
22.53
33.01
41.45
49.74
52.11
.52 Joint to root digit 5, A 5
15.46
4.58
10.36
10.95
14.82
20.61
25.83
22.19
3.06
15.30
18.13
22.05
26.46
32.17
19.03
3.01
12.49
14.07
18.79
23.51
28.00
22.22
4.28
12.52
16.69
21.84
26.90
33.83
.9Fingertip to 2nd joint of digit 5, A 9
30.60
5.42
15.79
20.63
31.13
37.31
42.97
40.79
6.17
29.10
32.94
40.98
48.93
51.01
10.59
2.11
7.25
7.99
10.13
13.44
18.54
12.69
1.92
9.79
10.84
12.45
15.43
17.04
.13Width at 1st Joint digit 5, A 13
12.37
3.80
9.44
10.23
11.99
14.40
19.66
st
st
st
14 .Width at 1 Joint digit 3, A 14
13.56
1.90
8.54
10.99
13.39
16.44
18.00
13.04
1.97
9.60
10.48
12.83
16.19
17.55
15.94
2.33
12.02
13.00
15.53
19.03
21.20
78.14
8.10
56.82
68.00
78.19
92.00
97.06
145.02
15.92
120.00
124.00
140.00
175.30
180.06
.19Fingertip to carpometacarpal joint, A19
115.29
15.28
85.00
92.70
113.00
140.30
150.06
150.06
115.29
15.28
85.00
92.70
113.00
140.30
69.00
6.40
57.75
60.00
68.80
79.00
84.00
111.80
19.55
80.64
82.41
110.00
139.60
165.06
152.53
17.40
125.00
128.70
148.00
185.30
189.12
65.15
7.68
50.00
55.00
64.00
79.23
90.30
81.74
11.09
60.16
61.41
85.41
97.73
99.75
8.88
1.30
6.82
7.12
8.80
10.83
11.63
10.33
1.25
7.60
8.43
10.19
12.62
13.53
10.86
1.45
8.21
8.62
10.90
13.41
14.54
12.10
1.45
9.42
10.01
11.99
14.41
16.17
13.00
1.53
10.43
11.03
12.83
15.67
17.20
nd
.30Depth at 2 joint digit 3, A30
15.51
4.55
11.02
12.24
15.29
18.71
19.44
24.09
4.31
13.99
19.00
23.81
31.00
38.00
35.60
5.55
22.00
25.00
35.00
45.00
49.00
35.00
5.47
22.00
26.00
35.00
43.48
48.00
27.36
5.66
14.82
20.00
26.00
39.30
44.54
354.37
35.42
300.00
310.00
345.00
410.00
457.06
566.78
61.09
442.82
478.50
565.00
670.30
695.00
534.82
64.42
418.46
435.80
533.00
648.00
668.12
525.78
64.38
408.64
422.10
524.00
637.30
659.06
122.50
18.92
89.48
90.07
123.00
148.60
160.00
69.87
8.32
54.09
57.00
70.00
83.00
88.12
56.79
8.65
41.94
47.00
55.00
69.30
88.00
972
Rawangwong et al.
Table 3: The comparison of the hand anthropometry between male and female student with the age of 4-6 years from
kindergarten children.
Male (n=330)
Female (n=320)
Proportion items
Z-test
Result
5.39
-0.41
NS
62.8
7.41
-0.53
NS
28.17
4.35
-0.13
NS
41.28
6.22
0.45
NS
15.46
4.58
1.42
NS
3.55
22.19
3.06
-1.26
NS
19.34
2.69
19.03
3.01
1.33
NS
21.77
3.1
22.22
4.28
-1.47
NS
NS
Mean
SD
Mean
SD
46.24
5.44
46.42
62.49
6.82
28.12
4.86
41.5
5.79
16.02
5.05
21.85

st
st

st
nd
30.71
4.5
30.6
5.42
0.27
41.13
4.28
40.79
6.17
0.78
NS
11.11
2.22
10.59
2.11
2.94
HS
13.17
1.61
12.69
1.92
3.31
HS

st
.13Width at 1 Joint digit 5, A 13
12.49
1.82
12.37
3.80
0.49
NS
14 .Width at 1st Joint digit 3, A 14
14.18
2.61
13.56
1.90
3.33
HS
HS
13.81
2.09
13.04
1.97
4.65
16.41
2.33
15.94
2.33
2.47
79.25
7.17
78.14
8.10
1.78
NS
147.13
10.35
145.02
15.92
1.92
NS
119.68
16.96
115.29
15.28
3.33
HS
69.00
7.87
69.00
6.40
0.00
NS
113.08
19.06
111.80
19.55
0.81
NS
156.89
17.48
152.53
17.4
3.06
HS
63.81
7.81
65.15
7.68
-2.12
78.4
10.74
81.74
11.09
-3.75
HS
9.32
1.40
8.88
1.30
3.99
HS
10.75
1.64
10.33
1.25
3.54
HS
11.1
1.68
10.86
1.45
1.88
NS
12.45
1.64
12.10
1.45
2.77
HS
13.25
1.98
13.00
1.53
1.73
NS
15.66
2.07
15.51
4.55
0.52
NS
24.02
3.41
24.09
4.31
-0.22
NS
35.77
5.49
35.6
5.55
0.38
NS
35.89
5.05
35.00
5.47
2.07
27.08
5.45
27.36
5.66
-0.62
NS
351.66
35.88
354.37
35.42
-0.93
NS
579.16
56.65
566.78
61.09
2.57
549.26
54.94
534.82
64.42
2.95
HS
537.03
57.03
525.78
64.38
2.26
126.38
15.18
122.50
18.92
2.77
HS
70.87
9.97
69.87
8.32
1.34
NS
56.20
6.80
56.79
8.65
-0.93
NS
Remarks:
S: Significant (p<0.05) HS: Highly Significant
NS: Not Significant
973
Rawangwong et al.
Worapong Boonchouytan is a lecturer in Department of

Industrial
Engineering,
Faculty
of
Engineering
Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya,
Songkhla, Thailand. She received a M.Eng from Industrial
and System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Prince
of Songkhla University in 2010. Her research interests
include Design of Experiment, Manufacturing Processes,
Welding Engineering, Ergonomics. Her email address is
<b_ieeng@hotmail.com>
effects of these differences on job performance, health, and

safety in the work environment when a hand device that is
designed from data from one population or gender is used by
other populations or the other gender within the same
population.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The researcher would like to express his sincere
gratitude to all the administrators and teachers of
kindergarten schools in all 14 Southern provinces for their
very kind cooperation. Many thanks also go to all primary
school subjects for their lovely participation. This research
was financially supported by the Rajamangala University
of Technology Srivijaya.
REFERENCES
Imrhan S. N., Nguyen, , and Nguyen, Nga Ngoc (1993)
Hand anthropometry of Americans of Vietnamese origin.
International, Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 12 (4),
281-287.
ISO 7250. (1996) Basic human body measurements
for technological design, International Standard
Organization.
Saengchaya, N. and Bunterngchit, Y. (2004) Hand
anthropometry of Thai female industrial workers, The
Journal of KMITNB, 14 (1). 16-19.
The Office of Industrial Standard, Ministry of Industry.
(2000-2001) Survey research of Thai foot structures in
phase 4. Bangkok, Thailand.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHIES
Surasit Rawangwong is a Assistant Professor in
Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering Rajamangala University of Technology
Srivijaya, Songkhla, Thailand. She received a M.Eng from
Manufacturing System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering
at King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi in
2002. Her research interests include Design of Experiment,
Manufacturing Processes, Quality Control, Ergonomics and
Productivity. Her email address is <sitnong2@yahoo.co.th>
Jaknarin Chatthong is a lecturer in Department of
Industrial
Engineering,
Faculty
of
Engineering
Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya,
Songkhla, Thailand. She received a M.Eng from Production
Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at King Mongkut's
University of Technology Bangkok in 2004. Her research
interests include Machine Design, Manufacturing
Processes, Productivity. Her email address is
<jaknarin.c@hotmail.com >
974

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Proceedings of the Asia Pacific Industrial Engineering & Management Systems Conference 2012

V. Kachitvichyanukul, H.T. Luong, and R. Pitakaso Eds.

A Study of Hand Anthropometry of Kindergarten Children in

properly designed machines and equipments may lead to

In regular work human beings use a variety of

metacarpophangeal joint digit 3, A 24; 25) Depth at tip digit

Frequently, these imported goods were designed based on

The comparison of the hand anthropometry between

.1Fingertip to root digit 5, A 1

.2Fingertip to root digit 3, A 2

.31st Joint to root digit 5, A 3

.41st Joint to root digit 3, A 4

.52st Joint to root digit 5, A 5

.62st Joint to root digit 3, A 6

.7Fingertip to 1st joint of digit 5, A 7

.8Fingertip to 1 joint of digit 3, A 8

.9Fingertip to 2nd joint of digit 5, A 9

.10Fingertip to 1st joint of digit 3, A 10

.11Width at tip digit 5, A 11

.12Width at tip digit 3, A 12

.13Width at 1st Joint digit 5, A 13

14 .Width at 1st Joint digit 3, A 14

.15Width at 2nd Joint digit 5, A 15

.16Width at 2ndJoint digit 3, A 16

.17Maximum width of hand, A17

.18Length of hand, A18

.19Fingertip to carpometacarpal joint. A19

.20Width at knuckles, A20

.21Third digit to base of thumb, A21

.22Fingertip to wrist joint, A22

.23Hand breadth at metacarpals, A23

.24Depth at metacarpophangeal joint digit 3, A24

.25Depth at tip digit 5, A25

.27Depth at tip digit 5, A27

.28Depth at tip digit 3, A28

.26Depth at tip digit 3, A26

.29Depth at 2 joint digit 5, A29

.30Depth at 2nd joint digit 3, A30

.31Depth at metacarpophangeal joint digit 3, A31

.32Depth of knuckles, A32

.33Depth at wrist joint, A33

34 .Maximum depth of hand, A34

35 .Fingertip to elbow joint, A35

36 .Fingertip to acomion, A36

37 .Fingertip to front axilla, A37

38 .Fingertip to back axilla, A38

39 .Acromion to axilla, A39

40 .Width at elbow joint, A40

41 .Depth at elbow joint, A41

.2Fingertip to root digit 3, A 2

.31st Joint to root digit 5, A 3

.41st Joint to root digit 3, A 4

.52 Joint to root digit 5, A 5

.62st Joint to root digit 3, A 6

.7Fingertip to 1st joint of digit 5, A 7

.8Fingertip to 1st joint of digit 3, A 8

.9Fingertip to 2nd joint of digit 5, A 9

.10Fingertip to 1 joint of digit 3, A 10

.11Width at tip digit 5, A 11

.12Width at tip digit 3, A 12

.13Width at 1st Joint digit 5, A 13

14 .Width at 1 Joint digit 3, A 14