I.

Tng qut v cng ngh dp tm

a. Khi nim
- Dp tm l phng php gia cng p lc tin tin ch to cc sn phm hoc chi tit
c dng tm, thp bn hoc thp vi
- Dp tm c tin hnh trng thi ngui nn cn c gi l dp ngui
- Vt liu dng trong dp tm l: thp cacbon, thp hp kim mm, ng v hp kim ng,
nhm v hp kim nhm, niken, ch ,.. v vt liu phi kim nh giy cacton, eebonic, da,..
b. c im
u im:
- Nng sut lao ng cao do d t ng ha v c kh ha
- chnh xc cao
- C th to ra cc chi tit phc tp c bn cao v thm m
Nhc im:
- u t ban u ln ( khun dp phc tp, thit b), do ch thch hp gia cng hng
lot..
- Tnh ton cng ngh phc tp
c. ng dng
Dp tm ng dng rng ri trong cc nghnh cng nghip, trong ph bin nht l cng
nghip my bay, tu thy, thit b in, dn dng
d. Cc thit b dp tm
Thit b dp tm thng c hai loi: My p trc khuu v my p thy lc.
My p trc khuu
Truyn ng trc khuu l truyn ng cng, khong hnh trnh ca my khng ch
chnh xc nn sn phm dp c cht lng cao v ng u.








Phn ln cc my trc khuu u c th iu khin hnh trnh ca con trt ph hp
vi kch thc ca chi tit. Ngoi ra cn c nhiu c cu cp phi v ly sn phm t ng trong sn xut
hng lot.
My p thy lc
Khc vi my p trc khuu, my p thy lc c bin dng kim loi khng i,
khng gy qu ti My c cu to phc tp, lc p c tr s ln nn thng dng
ch to cc chi tit ln, phc tp, yu cu cht lng cao v hay dng trong phng thy
nghim..

My p thy lc thng c loi mt tc dng, hai tc dng hoc ba tc dng v c lc p
t vi chc tn n hng trm tn.
Ph thuc vo kch thc v loi my, my p thy lc c th c mt hay nhiu xilanh
lm vic.
Cht lng thng dng: du, nh tng hay nc di p sut 25400at.
e. Mt s sn phm cng ngh dp tm

Sn phm ct, t l











Chi tit dng khay mng

II. Cng ngh dp tm
Cc bc c bn:
- Thit k bn v chi tit dp
- Phng n cng ngh ch to chi tit ( Khun n, khun lin tc)
- Xc nh kch thc phi ban u
- Tnh ton cc thng s cng ngh ( Lc ca tng nguyn cng)
- La chn my ph hp vi yu cu.
Cng ngh dp tm c c trng bi hai nhm nguyn cng: nguyn cng ct v nguyn
cng to hnh.
1. Nguyn cng ct
C th dng cc loi my ct nh: my ct da, my ct chuyn dng, ca..hoc khun.
a. Ct phi
- Ct vt liu thnh thnh tng ming theo ng ct h, dng ct thnh tng
di c chiu rng cn thit, ct thnh ming nh tng nhng tm phi ln.

b. Ct hnh
- C hai dng:
o Ct mt phn vt liu ra khi phi

o Ct phi thnh cc hnh dng mong mun ( phn tch ri l cc chi tit)

c. t l
- To l trn cc chi tit hoc phi tm ( Phn tch ri l cc ph liu)

d. Ct trch
- Ct vt liu nhng phn tch ri khng ri khi chi tit


e. Ct mp
- Ct b phn kim loi tha ca chi tit theo ng bao ngoi hoc phn mp
khng u ca cc chi tit cong hoc khi dp vut.

f. Ct tinh
- Ct b phn d kim loi rt nh theo ng bao ca phi hoc l nhm t s
chnh xc kch thc, b mt ct sch v vung gc vi chi tit.


2. Nguyn cng to hnh
Mt s nguyn cng to hnh c bn trong cng ngh dp tm
a. Un:
- Bin i phi phng thnh chi tit cong

b. Cun
- Cun cc mp ca phi to thnh chi tit c dng vng neo hoc hnh tr

c. Vn
- Quay mt phn phi xung quanh trc dc ca n

d. Dp vut khng bin mng
- L phng php nhn c chi tip rng t phi phng hoc phi rng. Chiu
dy vt liu hu nh khng thay i.

e. Dp vut c bin mng
- L phng php nhn c chi tit rng t phi phng hoc rng c ch nh
bin mng chiu dy vt liu

f. Nn
- Khc phc hin tng khng bng phng cc b mt phi v chi tit.

g. Dp ni
- Thay i hnh dng ca sn phm nhng khng thay i chiu dy vt liu, c
thc hin da trn thit k ca khun

h. Cun mp
- To thnh g mp c dng trn



i. Tp-Nong
- Lm gim tit din
ngang mt phn chi
tit rng hoc ng
c dp vut s b.

- Lm tng tit din
mt phn chi
tit rng hoc ng



III. Khun dp tm
1. Cc bc thit k khun
- Bn v tnh lc ct
F = (Din tch mt ct).(Chiu dy vt liu).(H s an ton)
- Chn my da trn lc ct
- Xc nh chiu cao khun ph hp vi my
- Thit k khun
- Chn vt liu lm khun
- Tnh khe h ti u
- Kch thc lm vic ca khun
- Th khun v kim tra sn phm
2. Yu cu k thut
- Ch to v lp rp khun m bo c chnh xc cao
- Nhng b mt lm vic v tip xc chi tit thuc khun phi c nhm b mt
thp
- Chn vt liu ph hp vi tng loi chi tit khun
- S dng cc chi tit tiu chun
3. Cc kt cu khun in hnh
a. Khun ct-t
C hai loi:
+ Khun ct t c dn hng
+ Khun ct t khng c trc dn hng
- S nguyn l ct t bng khun




- Cng thc tnh lc ct
. . . . .
c c
P F k L S k
Trong :
o L : chiu di chu vi ct (mm)
o S : chiu dy vt liu ct
o
c
: ng sut ct ca vt liu ( N/mm2)
o K : h s = 1, 1-1, 3tnh n s khng ng u v chiu dy v tnh cht ca
vt liu, mp ct ca ci b mn, ch to v lp ghp khng chnh xc..
- Cng ct ( t l)
A = a.S.P (mm)
a : h s tnh n chiu dy vt liu ( vt liu cng dy a cng nh)
- Cc bin php gim lc ct
o Nung nng vt liu lm gim ng sut ct
o Ci tin hnh dng hnh hc ca li ct
o Khun c nhiu chy dp th b tr thnh nhiu bc, ci tin li ct ca chy v
ci c th gim c 60-70% lc ct.
b. Khun un
- S nguyn l un:




- Phn tch lc un

Hnh dng v kch thc ca khun dp un phi cn c vo hnh dng v kch thc ca
chi tit un.
- Lc un t do c xc nh theo cng thc
2
.
1, 6. . . ( )
u b
B S
P K Kg
L

Trong :
o L : chiu rng ca ming ci (mm)
o B: chiu rng ca vt un ti v tr cong (mm)
o
b
: gii hn bn ca vt liu (Kg/mm2)

c. Khun dp vut
- Phn loi theo sn phm:
Nhm cc chi tit c dng trn xoay ( i xng trc): y ni, chi tit
hnh tr, bt da,v..v
Nhm cc chi tit c dng hnh hp: thng, v hp,..
Nhm cc chi tit c hnh dng phc tp c mt trc i xng hoc
khng i xng. V d nh: chi tit my, v xe oto, chi tit my bay.
- Ngoi ra khun dp vut c hai loi:
Khun dp vut c cht chn

Khun dp vut khng c cht chn

- S nguyn l khun dp vut

- Kt cu khun dp vut trn my tc ng n v kp

- Kt cu khun dp vut trn my tc ng hn hp

Trong nguyn cng dp vut
- i vi Dp vut bnh thng: Khe h Chy-Ci l 100% n 105% chiu dy
vt liu.
- i vi Dp vut bin mng thnh: Khe h Chy -Ci ty thuc vo yu cu
sn phm v cng ngh.

d. Khun dp lin hp

Dp lin hp l cng ngh c th, khun lin tc tch hp nhiu nguyn cng dp tm
kim loi trn mt hnh trnh ca my dp. Thit k v ch to khun lin hp l mt qu
trnh phc tp, t m, i hi ngi thit k nm vng cc nguyn cng dp tm, ng
thi nm vng cc cng ngh gia cng tin tin hin nay. Vic ng dng cc cng ngh
thit k, m phng v gia cng hin i ngy cng lm tng chnh xc, tc , hiu
qu ca khun dp bc lin tc nhm p ng nhu cu sn xut cc chi tit lot ln, c
tnh lp ln cao, gi thnh h cho cc ngnh cng nghip.

- S kt cu khun dp lin hp



Khun dp lin hp (gi tt l khun lin hp) c nghin cu v ng dng trong cc
ngnh cng nghip, c bit l cng nghip in, in t, t,... t nhiu nm nay trn th
gii. Khun lin hp l khun dp bao gm nhiu cp chy ci c b tr trn cng mt
khun thc hin cc nguyn cng dp tm khc nhau (dp vut, un, dp ni, dp ct...) sau
mt hnh trnh ca my p. Mi mt v tr lm vic (mt cp chy ci) thc hin mt hoc
nhiu bc cng ngh ring bit, nh c cu cp phi t ng phi c chuyn dch lin tc
v tun t qua cc v tr hon thnh chi tit cn ch to.
S dng khun lin tc trong lnh vc dp tm ang c ng dng rt rng ri trn th gii
bi v n c nhng u im nh:
Nng sut dp cao, sn phm c m bo v c tnh cng nh cht lng b mt...
Khun lin tc c th chia ra lm mt s loi nh: Khun lin tc dp vut, khun lin tc
dp un, khun lin tc ct hnh - t l, khun lin tc thc hin nhiu bc cng ngh khc
nhau (un, t, ct...).
Nhng c im khi thit k v ch to khun lin hp:
- B tr cc bc dp phi ti u
- Khun phi c ch to rt chnh xc
- Khun lin tc i hi phi c thit b tho phi cun, b nn phi, b cp phi t ng
vi cc bc dch chuyn phi c chnh xc cao
- Vt liu lm khun phi l thp hp kim cht lng cao v vic sa cha v tho lp trn
khun lin tc l rt kh khn
- Lc dp v kch thc khun lin tc ln i hi my p phi ln c th thc hin
c.
V nhng l do trn cho nn vic s dng khun s i hi u t ban u rt ln ch ph hp
vi sn xut lot ln.