Chromatography

Draw a labeled diagram to describe how you could show that there is more
than one coloured pigment in the green solution.

basic set up container and chromatography paper

sample clearly above level of solvent
(original mark must be shown and not just the line)
indication that more than one spot either on diagram or as comment

Given a pure sample of chlorophyll, how could you show that the green
solution from the grass contained chlorophyll? [2]

run chromatogram of pure chlorophyll

same position of green spot / same Rf as pure chlorophyll (not colour comparision)

Role of chlorophyll in green plants

catalyst
photosynthesis /chloroplasts
photochemical reaction/needs light
carbon dioxide + water form
glucose/starch/oxygen

The
chromatogram must be exposed to a locating agent before Rf values can
be measured because: [1]

Acids are colourless/ to make them visible/to show positions of the samples/
distance travelled

Why the chromatogram must be sprayed with a locating agent before the
amino acids can be identified. [1]

Amino acids are colourless, spraying with a locating agent

makes them visible

Measuring Rf values is one way of identifying amino acids on a

chromatogram. Suggest another. [1]

compare with known acids/ reference samples or standards

Explain how it is possible to identify the amino acids from the

chromatogram [2]

using colour/ from position

discuss with Rf
compare with known amino acids

Notes:

Pure substances are used in industry to make useful products such as food and
drugs
Mixtures must be soluble for chromatography to be successful
Mixture having different solubilitys in a given solvent
E.g. separating different colours in a sample of ink, food colouring, solutions of
sugars
Used to separate mixtures, assess purity of a substance
Substance that is most soluble moves faster up the paper
Insoluble substance would remain at origin
Datum line is drawn in pencil because it does not dissolve/ not contain dyes

Uses of Ethanol

Solvent (as in above experiment)

Alcohol
Fuel
Making esters
Antiseptic
Ethanoic acid
Vinegar
thermometers