POINTERS IN WRITING A RESEARCH PAPER

For Introduction:

Introduction informs the reader of the problem under study.

It shows the nature of scope and the problem, its historical & theoretical
background & a review of literature relevant to the problem. An effective
introduction can be achieved by:
Using a relevant and striking quotation
Relating a relevant but striking anecdote or incident
Asking a series of questions
Using a striking statement of your own
It must also answer the following questions:
• What is the main topic all about?
• What is the significance of learning the study?
• Why will the reader be attracted to read the topic?
• What is the essence of having the targeted students’ concern on the topic?

Example:

Learning Achievement in public elementary schools is an essential issue in our

country’s educational system. This concern is also with same importance in Meycauayan
City and with public high school students in terms of thinking about their pre-collegian
and post-academic life. What and who they would become after their four years in high
school may determine their fate regarding their college plans. And if they are not
fortunate enough to pursue their dreamt degree, it may determine their future jobs.

According to an article from DepEd(2006), there are many high school students
who passed and got promoted to the next year level, not because they really passed the
examination, recitation, and projects, but rather because of the fear that the performance
bonus will be deducted as penalty. Any failed student in every class will have equivalent
performance to the teacher. And these will result to unqualified high school graduates. If
a teacher failed more than 3 in his advisory class, he will be scolded and threatened
deduction in his performance known as the Revised Performance Appraisal System
(RPAS). These RPAS score is equivalent to the money, bonus, and productivity pay. A
teacher who failed most of his students will be receiving less productivity pay and will be
reprimanded by his principal and superintendent. In this kind of system, there is a
relevant fact that the quality of education in here in our country will surely be
incompetent and ineffective.
 Though there are associated factors involved in the achievement of learning the
teacher, learner and school management these are the salient elements of the process of
achievement. The second year level of high school students is considered as a rigid
foundation to the whole package of the four year in learning and since sophomores are
mostly in the point of having their “step-up” in high school, and are through with the
“base orientation”, we felt the need of having the sophomores as our respondents.
(Factors Affecting the Learning Achievement of the Second Year Students of Meycauayan
National High School Bancal S.Y.2008-09)

For Background of the Study:

Background of the Study states the rationale of the study. It

explains briefly why the investigator chose this study to work on. This is
a brief statement of the origin of the problem. It is an account describing
the circumstances which suggests the research. It justifies the selection
of the topic for the paper. It must answer the following questions:
• Why the researchers did choose this topic? What is the main reason?
• What is the significance of having the following respondents as the main concern
of the research?
• Why did the researchers choose this topic while there are many problems out
there?

Example:

The researchers carefully chose this topic due to its timelessness and relevance to
the educational process and learning achievement in the sophomore students of
Meycauayan National High School- Bancal under the School Year 2008-2009. prior to
this, the researchers find this concern helpful to the development of the respondents in
terms of the awareness of what strategies must be applied to ease the problems regarding
the fulfillment of learning with the second year high school students.

For the Statement of the Problem:

 Statement of Problem/Objectives defines the nature & scope of the
problem should be presented with clarity. Two types of objectives
maybe stated:

1. General Objective – this is related to the problem as given in

the early part of the section.
2. Specific Objective – this states the purpose of each
experiment conducted.

The definition of the problem is the first main step in writing the research paper. It
should be stated precisely, accurately, and clearly. The problem can be expressed in
question or declarative form.

Examples:

The general problem of the study is to determine the Factors that Affect
the Learning Achievements of the second year students of Meycauayan National High
School Bancal Extension School Year 2008-2009. Specifically, it seeks to answer the
following questions:

1. What are the students’ profile in terms of:

a. Age
b. Socio-economic status (monthly income)

2. How do the following affect students’ factor the students’ learning

achievement?

a. Interest on the subject matter

b. Class participation
c. Understanding of the lesson

3. How do the adequacies of the following school facilities affect the students’
learning achievement?

a. Classroom
b. Classroom Ventilation
c. Library
d. Science Laboratory
e. Computer Laboratory
f. Audio-Visual Room
 4. How do the following teachers’ factors affect the students’ learning
achievement?

a. appropriateness of the Instructional materials used

b. Appropriateness of the Teaching Strategy

For the Scope and Limitation of the Study:

The importance of the study is explained in this part. The scope of

the study identifies a reasonable area covered by the study must
indicate the subjects, the number, and the treatment involved in the
study. The proper definition of its limit must also be stated.

Examples:

The study focuses more on learning achievement of eighty two (82) sophomore
students of Meycauayan National High School Bancal Extension S.Y. 2008-09. it
includes how the teachers’ and students’ factor and school facilities may affect the
completion of learning to the respondents.

For Hypothesis/ses:

These are tentative statements about the given research topic. These serve as a
tentative answer to one or more of the research questions posted. Usually hypotheses in
this research writing are null or giving negative answers to the problems stated. See the
examples:

Examples:

1. There is no significant relationship between student factors and learning

achievement.
2. There is no significant relationship between teacher factors and learning
achievement.
3. There is no significant relationship between school facilities and learning
achievement.

P.s.:!!!!
Magtakedown kau!better
qng ipaprint niu eto para
mkagawa kau ng maaus.
Saka magresearch kau
about sa mga related
studies both local and
foreign 2ngkol sa topic
nateng :( >bad influences
affecting smsm high
school students’ academic
performances for the a.y.
2009-10…pti pala related
literatures…qng qqha kau
sa net wag niu n ilagay
ung name ng school kz nd
un llbas…dedlyn naten sa
dec. 29 2009!!!un lang!!!