SE 381

Micro Scale Thermal Sciences

Examples of
Various Applications

Spider web

Richard P. Feynmann
Nobel Prize in Physics (1965)
There is plenty of room at the bottom

Visionary speech in year December 1959 for

the American Physical Society at Caltech

I would like to describe a field, in which little has

been done, but in which an enormous can be
done in principle. This field is not the same as
the others in that it will not tell us as much of
fundamental physics (in the sense of What are
the strange particles?) but it is much more like
solid-state particles in the sense that it might tell
us much of great interest about the strange
phenomena that occur in complex situations.
Furthermore, a point that is most important is
that it would have an enormous number of
technical applications.

Another excerpt of his speech

How many times when you are working on
something frustratingly tiny like your wifes wrist
watch, have you said to yourself If I could only
train an ant to do this! What I would l like to
suggest is the possibility of training an ant to
train a mite (a very small spider like animal) to
do this. What are the possibilities of small but
movable machines? They may or may not be
useful, but they surely would be fun to make.

The speech effect

Year 1995: Word IBM was spelled out
using only few atoms.
Year 1982: A micro beam was created
Year 1988: A micro spring was created
An era of microscale engineering has begun.

P. K. Panigrahi

Electronics
Micro electronic cooling

Inkjet printer heads

Micro channels of miniature heat exchanger

Micro nozzle flow

Wereley et al., AIAA Journal, 40, 2002

Miniaturization of electronics leads to high heat flux

and greater demand on micro electronic cooling.

Environmental Sciences
Biological waste water cleaning

P. K. Panigrahi

Micro-organism induced convection

Numerically reconstructed hologram

of swimming copepod
Malkiel et al., Exp. Biology (2003)

Modeling of bioconvection and effect on feeding currents by micro-organism

is of significant importance for environmental studies and control.

P. K. Panigrahi

Petroleum, Chemical, Mechanical engineering

Enhanced oil recovery

mechanism
Recovery of oil trapped in
dead ends
Flow of complex fluid in
complex porous media
Viscosity as function of
flow velocity
Viscous heating
Breaking of polymer chain
under shear?
Micro-model

Oil reservoir

Perrin et al., Schlumberger research

Micro PIV Workshop, Delft (2005)

Biological sciences
IITK

Blood flow

P. K. Panigrahi

9Is blood a Newtonian fluid?

9Explanation of localized flow diseases.
9Role of shear stress sensitive genes in cardiovascular system.
9Endothelial surface layer on blood flow and inflammation

How does blood flow induced shear stress

interact with cardio vascular development?
(Vennemann, 2005)

Flow around a single human RBC

(Wereley et al., 2001)

Biomedical Sciences
IITK
Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics
9Brain tumor treatment for
chemotherapeutic drug
Human ventricular system
Ammourah et al., (2004)

P. K. Panigrahi

Drug delivery
9Inhalation based drug delivery
through inhaler mouthpiece

Human Oropharynx,
Heenan et al., Exp. Fl, (2003)

Micro-fluidic dosing
(Henkel, 2005)

Biomedical engineering
IITK

Artificial heart valve

P. K. Panigrahi

Artificial heart valve,

Balducci et al., Exp. In Fl. (2004).

9High shear stresses can damage blood

cells.
9Reduced back flow of heart valve during
closing and opening of the valve
9Adequate washout of the valve
component
Lab-on-a-chip
9DNA analyzers based to speed up the
identification of human genomes by
capillary electrophoresis
9Reduce the sample and reagent
requirement
9Reduce the labor intensiveness
procedure

Agilant technologies

Chemical Sciences
IITK

High surface to volume ratio

P. K. Panigrahi

Micro reactor for chemical synthesis

Electro-osmosis micro pump

Micro-chemical reactor and sensor

Micronics Inc., Redmond, W.A.

Civil engineering
Sediment erosion diagnosis

P. K. Panigrahi

IITK

Sequence of hologram video

(image size: 8mm to 6mm)
Sun et al., Meas. Sc. & Tech.,13 (2002)

The complete understanding of sediment erosion requires the particle

detachment process and their subsequent dynamics in suspension

Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Science

IITK

P. K. Panigrahi

Micro cantilever
(Atomic force microscope, Hearing aids)
Identification of explosives and forensics
Mass flow and shear stress sensors
Food industry process control

Material Science/Engineering

(a)

A Microfluidic Assay for

Biological applications

(b)

Protein crystallization system

Aerospace Engineering
Flow Control, Drag reduction

Micro Balloon actuator

Micro Flap Actuator

Examples of micro devices

(a)

Microdiluter system

(b)

Microfluidic chemostat
(A bio-reactor)

Microscale Heat exchangers

Microfluidic devices from other

laboratories