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0.
TELEGRAM TO THE MAHATMA
Reads not private property
The press has published a letter stated to have been sent to Mr. Kesava Menon by Mr. Gandhi. Surprise is
expressed that it should have been represented to Mr. Gandhi that Vaikom Temple is private property of
Brahmins. Mr. Kesava Menon has sent the following reply to Mr. Gandhi:
"Dear Mahatmaji, I learn from the "Hindu" of the 4th instant that you have sent me a letterr regarding the
suspension of Satyagraha. I have not yet receved the letter itself. Perhaps it is on its way to vaikom. It is better
than I do not wait until I received the letter to explain to you the real situation. The two gentlemen Messrs.
Sivaram lyer and Vanchiswara lyer mentioned in your letter are not known to me personally. The facts stated by
them do not seem to be correct.
Neither the vaikom Temple not the roads in question are now with the trustees. The temple is in the possession of
the Goverment and its affairs are administered by Government servants.
The roads leading to the temple are imaintained by the Government out of public funds. They are used not only by
Brahmins and other caste - Hindus, but also by Mohamadans, christians and other Non - Hindus. Only the un approachables such as the Thiyyas and pulayas are prevented Legally the unoapproachables have the same right to
use these roads as the Brahmins and other caste - Hindus.
26 |

Under the circumstances you would. I am sure, advise us to continue satyagraha. In reference to your advice that
we should submit the matter to the arbitration of Malaviyajee I should like to say this :You assumed that the Brahmin trustees were private individuals and that they world probably accept his award.
But as I have already told you, the travancore Government is willing to accept the substance of your suggestion
we, behalf of the untouchables. would loyally accept your advice to agree to the submission; but till then we have
no alternative but to go on.
I have already wired to you why suspended satyagraha for a short time. The atmosphere has become clearer and
we would resume satyagraha tomorrow i.e., Monday the 7th April. I am fairly certain that I would be arrested
along with some of my co - workers in the coures of a few hours.
Mr. George Joseph is here and we are sure that when we are taken away the struggle would be carried on with
redoubled vigour under his directions. He would keep in touch with you continually. Asking for your blessings.
Vaikom April 6,1924
I remain
Yours respectfully
K.P.Kesava Menon.
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29 |

; T 6 ) :
From
C.W.C. Cotton Esq. C.T.E., I.C.S.,
Agent to the Governor - General
Madras States.
To
The Chief Secretary to the Government of Madras
Sir,
In continuation of my letter of the 10th instant regarding events at Vaikom. I write to inform the Madras
Government that on my way from Kottayam to Ernakulam on the morning of the 11 th I met the commissioner of
Police and District Magistrate at Vaikom and walked all round the prohibited road. On the previous day Mr. Pitt
decided to stop arresting the Volunteers and three "Satyagrahiste" were Iying on mats near the notice board of the
Western entrance to the temple having been there without food or drink for nearly twenty four hours...."
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3. At noon on the 12th were sixteen satyagrahists at different approaches to the temple, and two in hospital. Some
Orthodox. Hindus tried to stop the procession of satyagrahists but there was no actual collision - Most of the
Volunteers are, as might have been expected, adolescents" :
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31 |

4. "On the 14th new tacties were employed, Volunteers who are now being relieved every three hours being told
to look out for oppurtunities to get past the police picquests, but as Mr. Pitt had been warnad of this, they have so
far not met with any success"
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"Mr.Ramasami Naicker arrived on that day from Erode to take charge of ten campaign. If more determined
attempts are made to push the police picquets, Mr. Pitt has all arrangements in hand for the erection of
barricades. His latest report suggests that satyagrahists are deliberately provoking the rank and file of the police to
loose their tempers but have failed dismally. Mr.S.Srinivasa Iyengar arrived from Madras on the 17th and had an
informal conference with the caste - Hindus which seems to have come to nothing, before proceeding to
Trivadrum. The latest news is that Mr. Perumal Naidu has relieved Mr. Ramasami Naicker as O.C., Satyagraha Head
- Quarters" :
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6. "Of the nine leaders who are in the Central jail, Trivandrum, where they are treated with great consideration,
five only are Travancoreans. In fact the movement would have collapsed long ago but for the support it has
received from outside - Travancore, though the question of opening this load is a purely domestic problem" :
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33 |

"Some leaders also reached vaikkom and took charge of the satyagraha campaign. E.V.Ramasamy Naicker who
arrived on 14th morning led the first two batches in the relay service for the northern and eastern roads" :
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"But the support the Vaikkom Satyagrahis received from Madaras, both in money and leadership, was very great
and impressive. E.V.Ramasami Naicker's lead gave a new life to the movement. His stirring appeal on the eve of his
journey to Kerala had made a deep imperession on the mind of "Tamil Nadu" + .
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He said, "the command from the neighbouring sister province of Kearla is irresistible. A grave situation has arisen
repression is rampant. Satyagrahis and leaders including sriman Joseph in trying to remove untouchability the
corner stone of our Mahatma's programme have been made the victims of it. These considerations far out - weigh
in but it my mind and I have started. Perhaps I may also be arrested; but it is nothing I appeal to all sympathisers,
be they leaders, propagandists, volunteers or persons of whatever creed, to flock to Kerala. Those that cannot do
so, can at least give their financial aid. Many Volunteers in Tamil Nadu have often said and alsowritten to me that
they were only looking forward to a Satyagraha and still many others, that they would suffer in the cause of the
removal of untouchability. Hark ye, all those such, here is a golden opportunity, Fail not to avail of it. Hasten up
34 |

everyone of you and join the noble cause."

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"His inspiring speeches in the villages around vaikkom and other places in Travancore moved the people to the
depth. His cold logic incising arguments succeeded in attracting larger numbers of vacillating minds to the side of
Satyagraha and converting many opponents too. After a few days of his leading the campaign he campaign he
withdraw to the villages for propagating the ideal of satyagraha and joined the congress deputation that visited
different places."
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"Ramasami Naicker's speeches were especially impressive and their savage force cut through the prestige of the
Travancore Government. He was arrested and sent to jail serveral times."
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"E.V. Ramasamy Naicker of Madras in a public meeting at vaikkom said, The Travancore Goverment have brought
out the plea that the Vaikkom temple road belongs to the Devaswam. As the whole of Travancore is dedicated to
Padmanabhaswami, neither the Travancore Maharaja nor his predecessor nor his grand - father has any right over
it. By virtue of this, everything in Travancore has become the property of the Devaswam."
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"The Whole trouble issued out from the belief of the opposers as well as the supporters of the Satyagraha that the
agitation was for establishing a religious right. it was because Temple Entry was at the back of their mind; Gandhi
37 |

prevented George Joseph from taking part in the Satyagraha on the basis of this nation only, Gandhi wrote in
young India "Temple entry is a religious right. Entry, therefore, by any other person cannot be called satyagraha. At
the time of Vaikkom Satyagraha when Mr. George Josepe went to jail, Isent him word that he was wrong. He
agreed with me, promptly apologised, and came out of jail. Temple entry Satyagraha is a Penance on the part of
caste - Hindus."
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"As against this George Joseph wrote: "Vaikkom Satyagraha had nothing to do with temple entry. The issue was
whether untouchables should be prevented from going along a public road maintained by the state, merely
because the road was in the neighbourhood of a temple. In fact, if was made repeatedly and abundantly clear that
we had nothing to do with temple entry. It was a purely civic question we fought. If went on for a long time, and in
the end the untouchables won substantially. It is true that Gandhiji took the view that as a christian I had no
business to go in to it, and he sent me word that I should apologise. But I did not agree with him."
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"Gandhi, accompanied by his private secretary, Mahadev Desai, his son, Ramadas Gandhi, C. Rajagoplachari and
others reached Vaikkam at 6 p.m by motor - boat from Ernakulam."
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A/ 166-2 %>6) .
Mr.Nambiatiri: Does Mahatmaji believe in the Law of Karma?
Mr.M.K.Gandhi: Yes.
Mr.Nambiatiri: Does he believe in re-incarnation?
Mr.M.K.Gandhi: Yes.
Mr.Nambiatiri: According to our faith, according to our Achara, we believe that they are born in the
unapporachable caste by their bad Karma in their previous birth. We have been enjoined by our Kerala Achara to
treat them in this manner, we consider, for that matter, that these people are worse than dacoits or robbers.
Mr.M.K.Gandhi: I would like to know the reason why you should treat them worse than dacoits and drunkards.
Mr.Nambiatiri: In the case of the robber and the drunkard there may be some means of getting rid of those people
by the aid of law. But in the case of these people there is no such means.
Mr.M.K.Gangthi: They do not want to sit on these roads, they do not want to obstruct passage; they only want to
pass over them.
Mr.Indanturuttil Nambiatiri: It is the passing that is more difficult to grant.
Mr.Vazhutanakat Raja: That is our faith. We believe that he is born in that caste according to his bad Karma in his
previous birth.
Mr.M.K.Gandhi: Let us grant that, But I ask who is to punish them - we animal beings?
Mr.Indanturuttil Nambiatiri: In wordly matters, it is man who punishes man for wrongs done by him. We believe it
is the ordinance of God to have them punished by having them born in this caste.
Mr.M.K.Gandhi: True, true. Let divinity punish them; but how can human beings punish them?
Mr.Indanturuttil Nambiatiri: God acts through man. Similarly as a punishment these people are in the
unapproachable caste.
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"Nagammal.E.V.R., age 45, is the wife of Mr.E.V.Ramasamy of Erode, Editor of "Kudiarasu" and founder of the Self Respect Movement. She Was all along with him when her husband was an active Non-Co-operator. She was a
member of the All - India Congress Committee. After her husband was arrested and imprisoned for disobeying Sec.
144, she organised a band of lady volunteers and carried on picketing even disobeying 144. The Government did
not take any action against them. When the All parties' Conference met on 19th January 1922, under the
Presidentship of Sir Sankaran Nair, Mr. Gandhi, in his speech regarding the calling off of the Civil Disobedience
Movement said, "If Civil Disobedience is to be called off, the two ladies at Erode must be consulted." In the year
1924, when Mr. Ramasamy was arrested and imprisoned during his campaign of Satyagrahaa, at Vaikkom in
Travancore, to establish the preliminary right of walking along the streets by the so-called Adi-Dravidas, she
unflinchingly carried on propaganda from one corner to the other of the Travancore State, and thus roused the
public consciousness."
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"With fetters on his legs, a Convict's cap on his head, a lion cloth reaching down his knee and a wooerden number
plate around his neck, E.V.Ramasamy is working with murder and dacoits. He is doing double the work that is
generally done by a convict. This sacrifice of a caste Hindu for the freedom of the untouchables of Kerala gave us
new life. The noble mission of this great movement has prompted him to sacrifice his all.
Is there not anybody here with the maturity, magnanmity, experience, enthusiasm and patriotism that E.V.R. has?
Are they not ashamed of themselves when they see this great leader who has come to suffer for the sake of the
people of this state? Is if not time for the elderly and experienced people of Kerala to rise from their easy chairs?"
- K.P. Kesavamenon,
In Auto - biographical Account
in Malayalam - Page No. 108.
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