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Pelvis and
Parineum
lumbar vertebra
Pelvis outlet
From the tip of the coccyx to the inferior part of the pubic
symphysis
Boundaries
pubic symphysis
iliopectineal line
sacral promontory
-The colored diagram in the slides show the true pelvis with the pelvic diaphragm as
the inferior border and the perineum is bounded superiorly by the pelvic diaphragm
Components of pelvis
Coccyx
Sacrum
Joints of pelvis
Pelvis and
Parineum
Important in childbirth
Obturator membrane
A gap, obturator canal, allows the obturator artery and nerve to exit
the pelvis to enter the thigh and the obturator vein to enter the pelvis from
the thigh
Ligaments of pelvis
Sacrotuberous ligament
Sacrospinous ligament
Sacroiliac ligaments
Size of pelvic cavity - roomer and distance from inlet to outlet is shorter in
female
V. Muscles of Pelvis
-The first two help to create the wall of muscle in the pelvis
Obturator internus m.
M.H.S UMDC
Pelvis and
Parineum
Pelvic diaphragm
Coccygeus m. (ischio-)
Inferior rectal n.
Pelvis and
Parineum
Perineal n.
Nerves to piriformis m.
Perforating cutaneous n.
Sacral plexus leaves the pelvis through greater sciatic foramen (N468)
External iliac a.
M.H.S UMDC
Pelvis and
Parineum
Inferior epigastric a.
Deep circumflex iliac a.
The external iliac a. continues as femoral a. as it passes beneath
inguinal ligament
Superior rectal a.
Inferior mesenteric a.
Middle (median) sacral a.
Abdominal aorta
External iliac v.
Continuation of femoral v.
Internal iliac v.
X. Perineum
coccyx - posteriorly
A line connecting the ischial tuberosities divides the perineum into the
Pelvis and
Parineum
ischiocavernosus mm.
bulbospongiosus mm.
perineal body
sphincter urethrae m.
urogenital diaphragm
Boundaries
apex - anterior
uvula - projects into urethral orifice at the the apex of the trigone
M.H.S UMDC
Pelvis and
Parineum
Interior features
Vein from the vesical venous plexus drain into internal iliac v.
Lympathic drainage
Nerves
The nerves that supply the bladder are continuous with the inferior
hypogastric plexus
Description
Description
XVII. Rectum
Description
The rectum is ~5 in length
It begins at S3 and extends to tip of coccyx
Puborectalis m. forms sling at rectoanal junction
M.H.S UMDC
Pelvis and
Parineum
Arteries
Superior rectal a.
Middle rectal a.
Inferior rectal a.
Veins
Superior rectal v.
Middle rectal v.
Inferior rectal v.
XX. Rectum
Lymphatics
Description
Pelvis and
Parineum
No anal columns
Inferior rectal a.
Inferior rectal v.
Anal sphincter
Involuntary control
Voluntary control
Skeletal muscle
Three parts
XXII. Hemorrhoids
Internal hemorrhoids are prolapses of internal rectal venous plexus - beneath
mucous membrane
The superior, middle and inferior rectal veins anastomose and form a portal
and systemic venous communication
M.H.S UMDC