Game of Thrones

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This article is about the TV series. For the novel, see A Game of Thrones. For o
ther works of the same name, see Game of Thrones (disambiguation).
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Game of Thrones
Game of Thrones title card.jpg
Genre
Fantasy
Serial drama
Created by
David Benioff
D. B. Weiss
Based on
A Song of Ice and Fire
by George R. R. Martin
Starring
see List of Game of Thrones characters
Composer(s)
Ramin Djawadi
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons 4
No. of episodes 40 (List of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
David Benioff
D. B. Weiss
Frank Doelger
Bernadette Caulfield
Carolyn Strauss
George R. R. Martin
Editor(s)
Oral Norrey Ottey
Frances Parker
Martin Nicholson
Katie Weiland
Location(s)
Croatia
Iceland
Malta
Morocco
Northern Ireland
Scotland
Spain
United States[1][2][3]
Running time
50 65 minutes
Broadcast
Original channel
HBO
Picture format
1080i (16:9 HDTV)
Audio format
Dolby Digital 5.1
Original run
April 17, 2011 present
External links
Website
Production website
Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created for HBO b
y David Benioff and D. B. Weiss as showrunners and main writers. It is an adapta
tion of A Song of Ice and Fire, George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels,
the first of which is titled A Game of Thrones. Filmed in a Belfast studio and o
n location elsewhere in Northern Ireland, Malta, Scotland, Croatia, Iceland, the
United States, Spain and Morocco, it premiered on HBO in the United States on A

pril 17, 2011. Two days after the fourth season premiered in April 2014, HBO ren
ewed Game of Thrones for a fifth and sixth season.[4]
The series, set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos at the end of
a decade-long summer, interweaves several plot lines seen through the eyes of a
broad ensemble cast. The first narrative arc follows a civil war among several n
oble houses for the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms; the second covers the ris
ing threat of the impending winter and the legendary creatures and fierce people
s of the North; the third chronicles the attempts of the exiled last scion of th
e realm's deposed ruling dynasty to reclaim the throne.
Game of Thrones has attracted record numbers of viewers on HBO and obtained an e
xceptionally broad and active international fan base. It received widespread acc
laim by critics, although its frequent use of nudity, violence and sexual violen
ce has attracted criticism. The series has won numerous awards and nominations,
including a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Drama Series for its
first four seasons, a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Television Series
Drama, a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation in both Long Form and Short F
orm, and a Peabody Award. Among the ensemble cast, Peter Dinklage won the Primet
ime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series and the Golden
Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor Series, Miniseries or Television Film for
his role as Tyrion Lannister.
Contents [hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast and characters
3 Production
3.1 Conception and development
3.2 Adaptation schedule
3.3 Title sequence
3.4 Filming
3.5 Costuming
3.6 Sound
3.7 Visual effects
3.8 Language
3.9 Effect on location
4 Availability
4.1 Broadcast
4.2 Home video
4.3 Piracy
5 Other media and products
5.1 Soundtrack
5.2 Accompanying material
5.3 Merchandise and exhibition
5.4 Other works based on the series
6 Reception
6.1 Cultural influence
6.2 Critical response
6.2.1 In general
6.2.2 Use of sex and violence
6.3 Fandom
6.4 Viewer numbers
6.5 Awards
7 References
8 External links
Plot
Main article: List of Game of Thrones episodes
See also: Synopsis of A Song of Ice and Fire
Power and violence are central themes of Game of Thrones, and the great number o

f weapons made for the series

some of which are shown in this exhibit
reflects t
his.
Game of Thrones roughly follows the three storylines of A Song of Ice and Fire.[
5] Set in the fictional Seven Kingdoms of Westeros, the series chronicles the vi
olent dynastic struggles among the realm's noble families for control of the Iro
n Throne. As the series opens, additional threats emerge in the icy North and in
the eastern continent of Essos.[2]
The novels and their adaptation derive aspects of their settings, characters and
plot from various events of European history.[6] A principal inspiration for th
e novels is the English Wars of the Roses[7] (1455 85) between the houses of Lanca
ster and York, reflected in Martin's houses of Lannister and Stark. Most of West
eros, with its castles and knightly tournaments, is reminiscent of High Medieval
Western Europe. The scheming Cersei, for instance, calls to mind Isabella of Fr
ance (1295 1358).[6] She and her family, as depicted in Maurice Druon's historical
novel series The Accursed Kings, in particular, inspired Martin.[8] Other histo
rical inspirations for elements of the series include Hadrian's Wall (which beca
me Martin's great Wall), the fall of Rome, the legend of Atlantis (ancient Valyr
ia), Byzantine "Greek fire" ("wildfire"), Icelandic sagas of the Viking Age (the
Ironborn) and the Mongol hordes (the Dothraki), as well as elements from the Hu
ndred Years' War (1337 1453) and the Italian Renaissance (c. 1400 1500).[6] The seri
es' great popularity has in part been attributed to Martin's skill at fusing the
se disparate elements into a seamless whole that appears credible on its own ter
ms as an alternative history.[6]
"The Sopranos in Middle-earth" is the tagline showrunner David Benioff jokingly
suggested for Game of Thrones, referring to its intrigue-filled plot and dark to
ne combined with a fantasy setting that incorporates some magic.[9] In a 2012 st
udy, the series was listed second out of 40 recent U.S. TV drama series by death
s per episode, with an average of 14.[10][11]
Cast and characters
Main article: List of Game of Thrones characters
Peter Dinklage (Tyrion Lannister) leads the principal cast from season two onwar
ds.
Like the novels it adapts, Game of Thrones has a sprawling ensemble cast, estima
ted to be the largest on television.[12] During the production of the third seas
on, 257 cast names were recorded.[13] In 2014, several of the actors' contracts
were renegotiated to include the option for a seventh season, and included raise
s that reportedly made the cast among the best-paid on cable TV.[14] The followi
ng overview reduces the list of characters in Game of Thrones to those played by
the actors credited as part of the main cast.[15]
Lord Eddard "Ned" Stark (Sean Bean) is the head of the Stark family whose member
s are involved in most of the series's intertwined plot lines. He and his wife C
atelyn Tully (Michelle Fairley) have five children: the eldest, Robb (Richard Ma
dden), the dainty Sansa (Sophie Turner), the tomboy Arya (Maisie Williams), the
adventurous Bran (Isaac Hempstead-Wright) and the youngest, Rickon (Art Parkinso
n). Ned's hostage and ward Theon Greyjoy (Alfie Allen) used to live with the Sta
rks before encountering the sadistic Ramsay Snow (Iwan Rheon). Robb's wife is th
e healer Talisa Maegyr (Oona Chaplin), and Arya has befriended the blacksmith's
apprentice Gendry (Joe Dempsie). Ned's bastard son Jon Snow (Kit Harington) and
his friend Samwell Tarly (John Bradley) serve in the Night's Watch under Lord Co
mmander Jeor Mormont (James Cosmo). The red-haired Ygritte (Rose Leslie), one of
the Wildlings led by Tormund Giantsbane (Kristofer Hivju), is Jon Snow's romant
ic interest, and Sam cares for the young Wildling Gilly (Hannah Murray). Catelyn
is served by the tall warrior Brienne of Tarth (Gwendoline Christie).
Ned's old friend King Robert Baratheon (Mark Addy) shares a loveless marriage wi

th Queen Cersei Lannister (Lena Headey), who has taken her twin, the "Kingslayer
" Ser Jaime Lannister (Nikolaj Coster-Waldau) as her secret lover. She loathes h
er younger brother, the clever dwarf Tyrion Lannister (Peter Dinklage), who is a
ttended by his mistress Shae (Sibel Kekilli) and the sellsword Bronn (Jerome Fly
nn). Cersei's father is the fabulously wealthy Lord Tywin Lannister (Charles Dan
ce), and her oldest son, the cruel Joffrey (Jack Gleeson), is guarded by the sca
r-faced warrior Sandor "the Hound" Clegane (Rory McCann).
The king's "Small Council" of advisors includes the crafty Master of Coin, Lord
Petyr "Littlefinger" Baelish (Aidan Gillen) and the eunuch spymaster Lord Varys
(Conleth Hill). Robert's brother Stannis Baratheon (Stephen Dillane) is advised
by the foreign priestess Melisandre (Carice van Houten) and the former smuggler
Ser Davos Seaworth (Liam Cunningham). The wealthy Tyrell family is represented a
t court by the ambitious Margaery Tyrell (Natalie Dormer).
Across the Narrow Sea, siblings Viserys (Harry Lloyd) and Daenerys Targaryen (Em
ilia Clarke)
the exiled children of the king overthrown by Robert Baratheon
are
on the run for their lives, trying to win back the throne. Daenerys has been mar
ried to Khal Drogo (Jason Momoa), the leader of the nomadic Dothraki, and is gua
rded by the exiled knight Ser Jorah Mormont (Iain Glen).
Production
See also: Season 1, Season 2, Season 3, Season 4 and Season 5
Conception and development
Showrunners D. B. Weiss and David Benioff created the series, wrote most of its
episodes and directed some of them.
George R. R. Martin, the author of A Song of Ice and Fire, is attached to the se
ries as a co-executive producer and has written one episode per season (except s
eason 5).
According to David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, the two came up with the idea of ada
pting George R. R. Martin's novels to the screen in 2006, after Benioff began re
ading the first novel, A Game of Thrones. He called Weiss to share his excitemen
t, and Weiss finished the thousand-page book in "maybe 36 hours".[16] They succe
ssfully pitched the series to HBO, and convinced Martin a veteran screenwriter h
imself in the course of a five-hour meeting in a restaurant on Santa Monica Boul
evard to agree to the idea. Benioff recalled they won Martin over with their ans
wer to his question: "Who is Jon Snow's mother?"
The series began development in January 2007.[17] HBO, after acquiring the TV ri
ghts to the novels, hired Benioff and Weiss to write and executive produce the s
eries, which would cover one novel's worth of material per season.[17] Initially
, Benioff and Weiss were to write every episode save one per season, which Marti
n, who also joined as a co-executive producer, was attached to write.[17][18] Ja
ne Espenson and Bryan Cogman were later added to each write one episode of the f
irst season.[2]
The first and second drafts of the pilot script, written by Benioff and Weiss, w
ere submitted in August 2007[19] and June 2008,[20] respectively. While HBO foun
d both drafts to their liking,[20][21] a pilot was not ordered until November 20
08,[22] with the 2007 2008 Writers Guild of America strike possibly delaying the p
rocess.[21]
The pilot reportedly cost HBO between US$5 and 10 million,[23] and the total bud
get for the first season had been estimated at US$50 60 million.[24] In the second
season, the show obtained a 15% budget increase to afford the most important ba
ttle in "The War of the Five Kings", the civil war central to the season.[25] Th
e season 2 episode "Blackwater" had an increased budget of US$8 million and the
average episode has a budget of US$6 million, which is two-to-three times more t

han a typical network or cable series costs per episode.[26]

Adaptation schedule
Showrunners David Benioff and D. B. Weiss intend to adapt the entirety of the st
ill incomplete A Song of Ice and Fire novel series, if HBO permits it. They envi
sion the series to have a scope of some 80 hours, about eight seasons' worth of
material.[27]
In 2013, producer Frank Doelger said "[w]e'll probably get through to seven seas
ons".[28] Benioff and Weiss said they do not want to pad Game of Thrones out so
as to wait for George R. R. Martin (who has taken up to six years to write an in
stallment of A Song of Ice and Fire) to finish writing the last two novels. Know
ing the broad outlines of Martin's intended ending for A Song of Ice and Fire, a
nd concerned that extending Game of Thrones to ten seasons would kill its sense
of momentum, they consider it possible (but not preferable) that the TV series e
nds before the last novel is published.[29]
As of April 8, 2014, six seasons have been ordered and four have been filmed, ad
apting the novels at a rate of about 0.8 minutes per page.[30]
Season Ordered Filming Premiere
Novel adapted
Season 1
March 2, 2010[31]
Second half of 2010
April 17, 2011
A Game of Thrones
Season 2
April 19, 2011 Second half of 2011
April 1, 2012 A Clash
of Kings
Season 3
April 10, 2012 Second half of 2012
March 31, 2013[32]
About the first half of A Storm of Swords[33]
Season 4
April 2, 2013[34]
Second half of 2013
April 6, 2014[35
]
The second half of A Storm of Swords, and some elements from A Feast for
Crows and A Dance with Dragons[36]
Season 5
April 8, 2014[4]
Second half of 2014
2015
A Feast
for Crows and A Dance with Dragons[37]
Season 6
April 8, 2014[4]
TBA
TBA
TBA
Seasons 1 and 2 each adapted one novel. For the later seasons, the creators conc
eive of Game of Thrones as an adaptation of A Song of Ice and Fire as a whole, r
ather than of individual novels.[38] This gives them the liberty to move events
back and forth across books according to the requirements of the screen adaptati
on.[39]
The four seasons filmed so far each consist of ten episodes. Most episodes from
the first and second season run for about 52 minutes, while many of the third se
ason's episodes are 56 or 57 minutes long. The series' pilot and the second, thi
rd and fourth season finales run for more than an hour apiece.[40]
Title sequence
Main article: Game of Thrones title sequence
The series's title sequence was created by production studio Elastic for HBO. Cr
eative director Angus Wall and his collaborators received the 2011 Emmy Award fo
r Main Title Design for their work on the sequence.[41] It depicts a three-dimen
sional map of the series's fictional world, projected onto the inside of a spher
e, which is centrally lit by a small sun contained within an armilla.[42] As the
camera swoops across the map and focuses on the locations in which the episode'
s events take place, complicated clockwork mechanisms let buildings and other st
ructures emerge from the map and unfold. Meanwhile, accompanied by the title mus
ic, the names of the principal cast and creative staff are displayed. The sequen
ce concludes after about one and a half minutes with the title card and brief op
ening credits indicating the episode's writer(s) and director.
Filming

The walled city of Dubrovnik stands in for King's Landing from season 2 onwards
Ballintoy Harbour was redressed as Lordsport on the Iron Islands
The Azure Window in Malta was the site of the Dothraki wedding in season 1
Principal photography for the first season was scheduled to begin on July 26, 20
10.[2] The primary location was the Paint Hall Studios in Belfast, Northern Irel
and.[43] Exterior scenes in Northern Ireland were filmed at Sandy Brae in the Mo
urne Mountains (standing in for Vaes Dothrak), Castle Ward (Winterfell), Saintfi
eld Estates (the Winterfell godswood), Tollymore Forest (outdoor scenes), Cairnc
astle (the execution site), Magheramorne quarry (Castle Black) and at Shane's Ca
stle (the tourney grounds).[1] Doune Castle in Stirling, Scotland, was also used
in the original pilot episode for exterior and interior scenes at Winterfell.[4
4] The producers initially considered shooting the whole series in Scotland, but
eventually chose Northern Ireland because of the availability of studio space.[
45]
The first season's southern scenes were filmed in Malta, a change in location fr
om the sets in Morocco used for the pilot episode.[2] The city of Mdina was used
for scenes in King's Landing, and filming also took place at Fort Manoel (repre
senting the Sept of Baelor), at the Azure Window on the island of Gozo (the Doth
raki wedding site), and at San Anton Palace, Fort Ricasoli, Fort St Angelo and S
t. Dominic monastery (all used for scenes in the Red Keep).[1]
For the second season, shooting of the Southern scenes shifted from Malta to Cro
atia, where the city of Dubrovnik and nearby locations allowed exterior shots of
a seaside walled medieval city. The Walls of Dubrovnik and of Fort Lovrijenac w
ere used for scenes in King's Landing and the Red Keep. The island of Lokrum, th
e St. Dominic monastery on the island of Trogir, the Rector's Palace in Dubrovni
k and the Dubac quarry a few kilometers to the east were used for scenes set in
Qarth. Scenes set north of the Wall, in the Frostfangs and at the Fist of the Fi
rst Men, were filmed in Iceland in November 2011, on the Svnafellsjkull glacier an
d near Smyrlabjrg and Vk on Hfabrekkuheii.[1]
For the third season the production returned to Dubrovnik in Croatia. The Walls
of Dubrovnik, Fort Lovrijenac and nearby locations were used for scenes in King'
s Landing and the Red Keep. One new location Trsteno Arboretum is the garden the
Tyrells use in King's Landing. The third season also returned to Morocco (previ
ously used in the pilot episode), including the city of Essaouira, to film Daene
rys's scenes in Essos.[46] The production employed three units ("Dragon", "Wolf"
and "Raven") filming in parallel, six directing teams, 257 cast members and 703
crew members.[13] One scene featuring a live bear, Little Bart, was filmed in L
os Angeles.[3]
The fourth season returned to Dubrovnik and included new locations in Croatia, s
uch as Diocletian's Palace in Split, Klis Fortress north of Split, Perun quarry
east of Split, Mosor mountain and Ba ka Voda further down to the south.[47] Filmin
g took 136 days, ending on November 21, 2013.[48]
Costuming
The costumes of Ygritte, Jon Snow and Tormund Giantsbane reflect the harsh clima
te in which they are worn.
The rich dresses worn at the royal court in King's Landing advertise their weare
rs' wealth and status.
Functional weapons and armor, like Brienne of Tarth's (left), were manufactured
for the series.
The show's costumes are inspired by many cultures, such as Japanese and Persian.

Dothraki outfits resemble the Bedouin's (one was made out of fish skins to rese
mble dragon scales), and the Wildlings wear animal skins inside out like the Inu
it.[49] Wildling bone armor is made of molds taken of real bones and assembled w
ith string and latex resembling catgut.[50] While extras who portray Wildlings a
nd the Night's Watch wear hats as would be normal in a cold climate, main actors
usually do not so viewers can identify the characters. Bjrk's Alexander McQueen
high-neckline dresses inspired Dormer's unusual funnel-neck outfit, and prostitu
te costumes are designed to be quickly removed.[49] All clothing, whether for Wi
ldlings or for women at the royal court, is aged for two weeks to improve realis
m on high-definition television.[50]
About two dozen wigs are used for the actresses. Made of human hair and up to 2
feet (61 cm) in length, they cost up to $7,000 each and are washed and styled li
ke real hair. Applying the wigs is a lengthy process; Clarke, for example, requi
res about two hours to style her brunette hair with a platinum-blonde wig and br
aids. Other actors such as Gleeson and Turner receive frequent haircoloring. For
characters such as Clarke and her Dothraki, hair, wigs, and costumes are proces
sed so they appear as if they have not been washed for weeks.[49]
Sound
Unusually for television shows, the sound team receives a rough-cut of a full se
ason to work on, and they approach it like a ten-hour feature film. Season 1 and
2 each had a different sound team, but for the third, fourth - and going into t
he fifth - season, the same team has been working on the sound.[51] For the show
's blood and goo sounds, the sound team often uses a shammy. For dragon screams,
they have used the sounds of two tortoises mating, as well as dolphin, seal, li
on and bird sounds.[52]
Visual effects
For the large amount of visual effects in the series, HBO hired the British VFX
company BlueBolt for season one. Most of the environment builds were done as 2.5
D projections, to give the viewer a good sense of perspective, but also to keep
the amount of programming from becoming too overwhelming.[53] The season one fin
ale "Fire and Blood" was nominated for an Emmy Award for Visual Effects in 2011.
Due to the effects becoming more complex in the upcoming seasons, including CGcreatures, -fire, and -water, BlueBolt, which had only been established a few ye
ars before being offered the position, passed the job on to German-based Pixomon
do. Pixomondo served as lead VFX producer for seasons two and three. Nine of its
twelve facilities contributed to the project, with Stuttgart serving as the lea
d.[54][55] The episodes "Valar Morghulis" and "Valar Dohaeris" won the Emmy Awar
d for Visual Effects in 2012 and 2013, respectively. For season four, HBO again
switched VFX companies, this time to Mackevision, also based in Germany.[56] The
season four finale "The Children" won the Emmy Award for Visual Effects in 2014
.
Language
The Westerosi characters of Game of Thrones speak British English, often (but no
t consistently) with the accent of the English region whose geographic location
corresponds to the character's Westerosi region. For instance, Eddard Stark, as
Warden of the North, speaks in actor Sean Bean's native northern accent, while t
he southern lord Tywin Lannister speaks with a southern accent. Characters forei
gn to Westeros are often (although not always) played with a non-British accent.
[57]
While English is used to convey the common language of Westeros, the producers c
harged linguist David J. Peterson with developing the Dothraki and Valyrian lang
uages as constructed languages, based on the few words used in Martin's novels.[
58] Dothraki or Valyrian dialogue is subtitled in English. The BBC estimated tha
t, through the series, these fictional languages were heard by more people than
the Welsh, Irish and Scots Gaelic languages combined.[59]

Effect on location
Game of Thrones receives funding from Northern Ireland Screen, a government agen
cy financed by Invest NI and the European Regional Development Fund.[60] As of A
pril 2013, Northern Ireland Screen has awarded the show 9.25 million and accordin
g to government estimates, benefited the Northern Ireland economy by 65 million.[
61]
Tourism Ireland has a Game of Thrones-themed marketing campaign similar to New Z
ealand's Tolkien-related advertising,[62] and Invest NI and the Tourist Board[61
] also expect the series to generate tourism revenue. According to a government
minister, the series has given Northern Ireland the most publicity in its histor
y outside politics and the Troubles.[63] The production of Game of Thrones and o
ther TV series has also provided a boost to the creative industry in Northern Ir
eland, contributing to a growth of 12.4% in arts, entertainment and recreation j
obs from 2008 to 2013 (as opposed to 4.3% in the whole of the UK).[64]
Tourism organizations in other filming locations also reported notable increases
in bookings after their locations appeared in Game of Thrones. Bookings through
one web portal in 2012 increased by 13% in Iceland and by 28% in Dubrovnik, Cro
atia. In 2013, bookings increased by 100% in Ouarzazate, Morocco, where Daenerys
's season 3 scenes were filmed.[65]
Availability
Broadcast
Game of Thrones is broadcast by HBO in the United States, and through its local
subsidiaries or other pay TV services in other countries, either at the same tim
e as in the U.S. or some weeks or months later. The series's broadcast in China
on CCTV, beginning in 2014, was heavily edited to remove scenes of sex and viole
nce, in accordance with a Chinese practice of censoring western TV series to pre
vent "negative effects and hidden security dangers", according to the People's D
aily. This resulted in viewer complaints about the incoherence of what remained
of the series.[66]
The broadcasters carrying Game of Thrones include Showcase in
ada, Super cran, and Showcase in Canada, HBO India in India,
and, SoHo and Prime in New Zealand, HBO Pakistan in Pakistan,
the Philippines, M-Net in South Africa, and Sky Atlantic and
Kingdom.[67]

Australia, HBO Can

Sky Atlantic in Irel
HBO Philippines in
Sky1 in the United

Home video
The ten episodes of the first season of Game of Thrones were published as a DVD
and Blu-ray box set on March 6, 2012. The set includes extra background and behi
nd-the-scenes material, but no deleted scenes, because almost all the footage sh
ot for the first season was used in the show.[68] The box set sold 350,000 units
in the first seven days of its release, the largest first-week DVD sales ever f
or an HBO series. The series also set an HBO series record for digital download
sales.[69] A "collector's edition" of the box set combining the DVD and Blu-ray
versions, a dragon's egg paperweight and the first episode of season two was rel
eased in November 2012.
DVD/Blu-ray box sets and digital downloads of the second season were made availa
ble on February 19, 2013.[70] First-day sales again broke HBO records, with 241,
000 box sets sold and 355,000 episodes downloaded.[71]
The third season was made available for purchase as a digital download on the iT
unes Store, in Australia only, in parallel to the US premiere.[72]
Piracy
Game of Thrones is widely pirated. The significant delays in availability outsid

e of HBO or its affiliates[73] and the cost of subscriptions to these services c

ontributes to this. According to the file-sharing news website TorrentFreak, thi
s cost ranges from 15 to 25 U.S. dollars per month in the U.S., up to 26 pounds
per episode in the UK and 52 Australian dollars per episode in Australia, if som
ebody were to subscribe to a service exclusively for Game of Thrones.[74]
TorrentFreak estimated Game of Thrones to be the most-pirated TV series of 2012,
[75] 2013[76] and 2014.[77] One episode was downloaded about 4,280,000 times thr
ough public BitTorrent trackers in 2012, about equal to the number of broadcast
viewers.[78][79] Piracy rates were particularly high in Australia.[80] This led
US Ambassador to Australia Jeff Bleich to issue a public statement[81] condemnin
g Australian piracy of the series in 2013.[82] One copy of the third season's pr
emiere was the most simultaneously shared file in the history of the BitTorrent
filesharing protocol, with over 160,000 sharers and more than a million download
s.[83] The season four finale episode was downloaded via BitTorrent approximatel
y 1.5 million times within 12 hours, setting a new record for illegal downloads.
[84]
Observers, including series director David Petrarca[85] and Time Warner CEO Jeff
Bewkes said illegal downloads did not hurt the series' prospects, as it benefit
ed from the resulting "buzz" and social commentary, while the high rates of pira
cy did not significantly translate to lost subscriptions. According to Polygon,
HBO's relatively relaxed attitude towards piracy and sharing login credentials a
mounted to a "free-to-play" model for premium television.[86] To counteract pira
cy, HBO said in 2013 it intended to make its content more widely available withi
n the week of the US premiere, including through its digital service HBO GO.[87]
Other media and products
Soundtrack
Main article: Music of Game of Thrones
The music for the series is composed by Ramin Djawadi. The first season's soundt
rack, written in about ten weeks before the show's premiere,[88] was published b
y Varse Sarabande in June 2011.[89] Soundtrack albums for the subsequent seasons
have also been published, featuring tracks performed by the bands The National,
The Hold Steady and Sigur Rs. The series's instrumental title music has been much
covered.
Accompanying material
Thronecast: The Official Guide to Game of Thrones, a series of podcasts presente
d by Geoff Lloyd and produced by Koink, was released on the Sky Atlantic website
and the UK iTunes store. A new podcast was released after each episode, featuri
ng analysis and cast interviews.[90] In 2014, HBO commissioned a free album of r
ap songs about the series, Catch the Throne.[91]
A companion book, Inside HBO's Game of Thrones by series writer Bryan Cogman (IS
BN 978-1-4521-1010-3), was published on September 27, 2012. On 192 pages, illust
rated with concept art and behind-the-scenes photographs, the book covers the cr
eation of the series's first two seasons, as well as its principal characters an
d families.[92]
Merchandise and exhibition
A selection of Game of Thrones merchandise sold in HBO's New York City store
HBO has issued licenses for a broad range of merchandise based on Game of Throne
s. These include various games, replica weapons and armor, jewellery, bobblehead
dolls by Funko, beer by Ommegang, and various items and apparel.[93] Top-end me
rchandise includes Ulysse Nardin wristwatches for $10,500[94] and resin replicas
of the Iron Throne for $30,000.[95][96][97][98][99]
In 2013 and 2014, a traveling exhibition of costumes, props, armor and weapons f

rom the series visited or is to visit several major cities in Europe and the Ame
ricas.[100]
Other works based on the series
See also: Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire
The series has also inspired other works, including four video games based on th
e TV series and novels. The strategy game Game of Thrones Ascent ties in particu
larly closely with the series, making characters and settings available to playe
rs as soon as they appear on air.[101]
The fall 2012 ready-to-wear collection by the fashion brand Helmut Lang was insp
ired by Game of Thrones.[102][103] In March 2012, Wiley-Blackwell published Game
of Thrones and Philosophy: Logic Cuts Deeper than the Sword (ISBN 978-1-118-161
99-9). This entry in Blackwell's Pop Culture and Philosophy series, edited by He
nry Jacoby and William Irwin, aims to highlight and discuss philosophical issues
raised by the show and its source material.[104]
In 2013, Game of Thrones was notably parodied on the cover of Mad on April 30,[1
05] as well as by a web series, School of Thrones, which set the story in a high
school whose students vie for the title of prom king and queen.[106] Two pornog
raphic parodies of the series were also announced in 2013.[107] The "One World S
ymphony" company announced, in 2014, a musical production based on television se
ries including Game of Thrones.[108]
Reception
Game of Thrones was highly anticipated by fans before its premiere.[109][110] It
has since become a critical and commercial success. By 2014, according to The G
uardian it had become "the biggest drama" and "the most talked about show" on te
levision.[111]
Cultural influence
Although the series was dismissed or patronizingly reviewed by some critics prio
r to being aired on account of its genre trappings,[111] its subsequent success
has been credited with an increased popularity of fantasy themes and mainstream
acceptance of the fantasy fandom. "After this weekend", CNN.com wrote on the eve
of the second season's premiere, "you may be hard pressed to find someone who i
sn't a fan of some form of epic fantasy". According to Ian Bogost, Game of Thron
es continues a trend of successful screen adaptations, beginning with Peter Jack
son's 2001 The Lord of the Rings film trilogy and continuing with the Harry Pott
er films, that have established fantasy as a lucrative mass market genre and ser
ve as "gateway drugs to fantasy fan culture".[112] The series' success in overco
ming prejudices against fantasy was attributed by writers interviewed by The Gua
rdian to a general longing for escapism in popular culture, the series' frequent
use of female nudity, and its skill in balancing light-hearted and serious topi
cs
dragons and politics
that allowed it to claim the sort of prestige enjoyed by
conventional top-tier drama series.[111]
The series' popularity greatly boosted sales of the A Song of Ice and Fire novel
s, soon republished as tie-in editions, which remained at the top of bestseller
lists for months on end. The popularity of the HBO series has made its version o
f the Iron Throne an icon of the entire media franchise.[96][113][97][114] The D
aily Beast wrote that Game of Thrones was a particular favorite of many sitcom w
riters, and consequently the series has been referenced in many other TV series.
[115] Together with other fantasy series, Game of Thrones has been deemed respon
sible for a substantial increase in purchases (and abandonments) of huskies and
other wolf-like dogs.[116]
Game of Thrones has also been the basis of additions to the popular vocabulary.
The first season's frequent scenes in which characters explain their motives or
background while having sex with prostitutes gave rise to the term "sexposition"

to describe the practice of providing exposition against a backdrop of sex and

nudity.[117] "Dothraki", the name of the nomadic horsemen appearing in the serie
s, was listed fourth in a list of words from television most used on the Interne
t, compiled in September 2012 by Global Language Monitor.[118] After the second
season, the media began using "Game of Thrones" as a figure of speech or as a co
mparison for situations of intense conflict and deceit, e.g., the court battles
about US healthcare legislation,[119] the Syrian civil war[120] or power struggl
es in the Chinese government.[121]
Critical response
In general
Metacritic ratings per season
Season 1
Season 2
Season 3
Season 4
Rating 80[122] 90[123] 91[124] 94[125]
The critical response to the four aired seasons of Game of Thrones has been very
positive. All seasons were listed on several yearly "best of" lists published b
y US media, such as the Washington Post (2011), TIME (2011 and 2012) and The Hol
lywood Reporter (2012).[126][127][128] Seasons 2 through 4 obtained a Metacritic
rating of more than 80, which the website rates "universal acclaim". In 2013, t
he Writers Guild of America placed Game of Thrones in the fortieth place on the
list of the 101 best-written TV series.[129]
The performances of the very large, predominantly British and Irish cast have be
en widely praised. American actor Peter Dinklage's "charming, morally ambiguous,
and self-aware"[130] portrayal of Tyrion, which won him an Emmy and a Golden Gl
obe award, among others, was particularly noted. "In many ways, "Game of Thrones
" belongs to Dinklage", wrote Mary McNamara of the L.A. Times[131] even before,
in season 2, the "scene-stealing actor's"[132] character became the series' most
central figure.[132] Several critics highlighted the performances of the women[
131] and child actors.[133] 14-year-old Maisie Williams, already noted in the fi
rst season for her debut performance as Arya Stark, received particular praise f
or her work opposite veteran actor Charles Dance (Tywin Lannister) in season 2.[
134]
Reviewing the first season, critics noted the high production values, the well-r
ealized world and compelling characters.[135] Variety wrote "there may be no sho
w more profitable to its network than 'Game of Thrones' is to HBO. Fully produce
d by the pay cabler and already a global phenomenon after only one season, the f
antasy skein was a gamble that has paid off handsomely."[136]
The second season was also very well received by critics. Entertainment Weekly p
raised the "vivid, vital, and just plain fun" storytelling,[137] and The Hollywo
od Reporter said the show made a "strong case for being one of TV's best series"
, its gravitas making it the only genre show dramatically comparable to shows su
ch as Mad Men or Breaking Bad.[138] The New York Times published a mixed review,
disapproving of the characters' lack of complexity and their confusing multitud
e, as well as the meandering plot.[139]
Use of sex and violence
Despite its otherwise enthusiastic reception by critics, Game of Thrones has bee
n criticized for the amount of female nudity, violence and torture, and sexual v
iolence against women it depicts, and for how it depicts these themes.
The amount of sex and nudity in the series, especially in scenes that are incide
ntal to the plot, was the focus of much of the criticism aimed at the series in
its first and second season. Actor Stephen Dillane, who portrays Stannis Barathe
on, likened the series's frequent explicit scenes to "German porn from the 1970s
".[140] Charlie Anders wrote in io9 that while the first season was replete with
light-hearted "sexposition", the second season appeared to focus on distasteful

, exploitative and dehumanizing sex with little informational content.[141] Acco

rding to the Washington Post's Anna Holmes, the nude scenes appeared to be aimed
mainly at titillating heterosexual men, right down to the Brazilian waxes sport
ed by the women in the series's faux-medieval setting, which made these scenes a
lienating to other viewers.[142] And in the Huffington Post, Maureen Ryan likewi
se noted that Game of Thrones mostly presented women naked, rather than men, and
the excess of "random boobage" undercut any aspirations the series might have t
o address the oppression of women in a feudal society.[143] Saturday Night Live
parodied this aspect of the adaptation in a sketch portraying the series as reta
ining a thirteen-year-old boy as a consultant whose main concern was showing as
many breasts per scene as possible.[141][144]
In the third season, which saw the character Theon Greyjoy tortured at length an
d eventually emasculated, the series was also criticized for its use of torture.
[145] Madeleine Davies wrote in Jezebel that "it's not uncommon that Game of Thr
ones gets accused of being torture porn
senseless, objectifying violence combine
d with senseless, objectifying sexual imagery". But, according to her, the serie
s' violence tended to serve a narrative purpose, except for the titillation and
torture of Theon Greyjoy in "The Bear and the Maiden Fair".[146]
A scene in the fourth season's episode "Breaker of Chains" in which Jaime Lannis
ter rapes his sister and former lover Cersei triggered a broad public discussion
about the series's depiction of sexual violence against women. The scene caused
outrage, according to Dave Itzkoff of the New York Times, in part because comme
nts by director Alex Graves appeared to indicate that he did not think what he f
ilmed was rape.[147] To Sonia Saraiya, writing in the A.V. Club, the series's ch
oice to portray this sexual act and one between Daenerys and Khal Drogo in the f
irst season both described as consensual in the source novels
as a rape appeared
to be an act of "exploitation for shock value".[148] The Times wrote that criti
cs fear that "rape has become so pervasive in the drama that it is almost backgr
ound noise: a routine and unshocking occurrence".[147] George R. R. Martin respo
nded that rape and sexual violence are common in war, and that omitting them fro
m the narrative would have undermined one of his novels' themes: that "the true
horrors of human history derive not from orcs and Dark Lords, but from ourselves
."[147]
Fandom
Two fans costumed as Khal Drogo and Daenerys Targaryen. Cosplay is a popular act
ivity at fan conventions.
In this image published by the White House, U.S. President Barack Obama, a fan o
f the series, sits on the Iron Throne in the Oval Office with the King's crown i
n his lap.
Main article: A Song of Ice and Fire fandom
The novel series A Song of Ice and Fire and its TV adaptation Game of Thrones ha
ve an exceptionally broad and active international fan base. In 2012, Vulture ra
nked the series's fandom as the most devoted in popular culture, ahead of Lady G
aga's, Justin Bieber's, Harry Potter's or Star Wars'.[149] Fans include politica
l leaders such as U.S. President Barack Obama,[150][151] former Australian Prime
Minister Julia Gillard,[152][153] and Dutch Foreign Minister Frans Timmermans,
who, in a 2013 speech, framed challenges of European politics in terms of quotes
from Martin's novels.[154]
In 2013, BBC News said "the passion and the extreme devotion of fans" had brough
t about a phenomenon unlike anything related to other popular TV series, manifes
ting itself in a very broad range of fan labor, such as fan fiction,[155] but al
so Game of Thrones-themed burlesque routines, or people naming their children af
ter characters from the series:[156] "Arya" was the girl's name rising the faste
st in popularity in the US in 2012, from 711th to 413th position.[157] Writers c

ited by the BBC attributed this success to the rich detail, moral ambiguity, sex
ual explicitness and epic scale of the series and novels.[156]
In 2013, it was reported that 58 percent of its viewers were male and
were female, and the average male viewer was 41 years old.[158][159]
to the marketing director of SBS, Game of Thrones has the highest fan
rate of any TV series known to her: 5.5% of the series's 2.9 million
ans were talking online about the series in 2012, compared to 1.8% of
han ten million fans of HBO's other fantasy series True Blood.[160]

42 percent
According
engagement
Facebook f
the more t

Among the many fan sites dedicated to the TV and novel series, Vulture noted in
particular Westeros.org and WinterIsComing.net, which provide news reports and d
iscussion forums, ToweroftheHand.com, which organizes communal readings of the n
ovels, and Podcastoficeandfire.com.[149] There are also many podcasts covering t
he series.[161]
Viewer numbers
The first season of Game of Thrones had an average of 2.5 million viewers for it
s first Sunday night screenings, and an average gross audience of 9.3 million vi
ewers per episode including all repeats and on-demand viewings.[162] For its sec
ond season, Game of Thrones had an average gross audience of 11.6 million viewer
s.[163] The third season was watched by 14.2 million, making Game of Thrones the
second most-viewed HBO series after The Sopranos.[164][165] In the fourth seaso
n, HBO said that its average gross audience of 18.4 million viewers, later adjus
ted to 18.6 million, had beaten The Sopranos for the record.[166][167]
The following graph shows viewer numbers for the first airings:
Game of Thrones: Viewers per episode (in millions)[a]
Season:

1 (2011)

2 (2012)

3 (2013)

4 (2014)

Ep. 1 Ep. 2 Ep. 3 Ep. 4 Ep. 5 Ep. 6 Ep. 7 Ep. 8 Ep. 9 Ep. 10
Season 1
2.22
2.20
2.44
2.45
2.58
2.44
2.40
2.72
2.66
3.04
Season 2
3.86
3.76
3.77
3.65
3.90
3.88
3.69
3.86
3.38
4.20
Season 3
4.37
4.27
4.72
4.87
5.35
5.50
4.84
5.13
5.22
5.39
Season 4
6.64
6.31
6.59
6.95
7.16
6.40
7.20
7.17
6.95
7.09
Jump up ^ Viewers of the first airing on HBO in the US on Sundays 9:00 pm
Awards
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones
The first season of Game of Thrones was nominated for thirteen of the 2011 Emmy
Awards, including Outstanding Drama Series. It won two, Outstanding Supporting A
ctor in a Drama Series and Outstanding Main Title Design. Peter Dinklage, who pl
ays Tyrion Lannister, was named best supporting actor by the Emmys, the Golden G
lobes, the Scream Awards and the Satellite Awards. In 2012, the second season wo
n six of the Creative Arts Emmy Awards.
Year
Award Category
Recipient
Ref.
2011
Emmy Awards
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series Peter Di
nklage (as Tyrion Lannister)
Outstanding Main Title Design Angus Wall, Hameed Shaukat, Kirk Shintani and Ro
bert Feng
Scream Awards Best TV Show
Game of Thrones [168]
Best Supporting Actor Peter Dinklage
Breakout Performance
Female Emilia Clarke
Television Critics Association Awards Outstanding New Program Game of Thrones

Satellite Awards
Best Supporting Actor
Series, Miniseries or Television F
ilm
Peter Dinklage
Screen Actors Guild Awards
Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble in a
Television Series
Game of Thrones
Golden Globe Awards
Best Supporting Actor Series, Miniseries or Television F
ilm
Peter Dinklage
George Foster Peabody Award
Game of Thrones [169]
2012
Television Critics Association Awards Program of the Year
Game of
Thrones
Screen Actors Guild Awards
Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble in a
Television Series
Game of Thrones
Creative Arts Emmy Awards
Outstanding Sound Mixing For A Comedy Or Drama S
eries (One Hour)
Matthew Waters, Onnalee Blank, Ronan Hill and Mervyn Moo
re for the episode "Blackwater" [170]
Outstanding Sound Editing For A Series Peter Brown, Kira Roessler, Tim Hands, P
aul Aulicino, Stephen P. Robinson, Vanessa Lapato, Brett Voss, James Moriana, Je
ffrey Wilhoit and David Klotz for the episode "Blackwater"
Outstanding Special Visual Effects
Rainer Gombos, Juri Stanossek, Sven Mart
in, Steve Kullback, Jan Fiedler, Chris Stenner, Tobias Mannewitz, Thilo Ewers an
d Adam Chazen for the episode "Valar Morghulis"
Outstanding Costumes For A Series
Michele Clapton, Alexander Fordham and C
hloe Aubry for the episode "The Prince of Winterfell"
Outstanding Makeup For A Single-Camera Series (Non-Prosthetic) Paul Engelen and
Melissa Lackersteen for the episode "The Old Gods and the New"
Outstanding Art Direction for a Single-Camera Series
Gemma Jackson, Frank Wal
sh and Tina Jones for the episodes "Garden of Bones", "The Ghost of Harrenhal" a
nd "A Man Without Honor" (tied with Boardwalk Empire)
2013
British Academy Television Awards
Radio Times Audience Award
Game of Thrones [171]
Critics' Choice Television Award
Best Drama Series
Game of Thrones
(tied with Breaking Bad)
Television Critics Association Awards Outstanding Achievement in Drama
Game of Thrones [172]
Creative Arts Emmy Awards
Outstanding Make-up for a Single-Camera Series (
Non-Prosthetic) Paul Engelen and Melissa Lackersteen for the episode "Kissed by
Fire"
Outstanding Special Visual Effects
Rainer Gombos, Juri Stanossek, Sven Mart
in, Steve Kullback, Jan Fiedler, Chris Stenner, Tobias Mannewitz, Thilo Ewers, a
nd Adam Chazen for the episode "Valar Dohaeris"
Screen Actors Guild Awards
Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble in a
Television Series
Game of Thrones [173]
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