Chemistry Midterm Part 1 Study Guide (Chapters 4-6)

Know the law of conservation of mass.

Know the definition of mass number.
Know the definition of isotope.
Know the mass and charge for protons, neutrons and electrons.
Know the particles that make up an atom- protons, neutrons and electrons.
Know that protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of the atom and electrons are
located outside the nucleus of the atom in the electron cloud.
Know what a Lewis dot diagram is and how to make one.
Know what a valence electron is and how to find the number of valence electrons an atom
has from the periodic table.
Know what an energy level is and what is in an energy level.
Know the Electron cloud theory of electron movement (p196)
Know what makes an atom neutrally charged.
Know that the number of protons an atom has determines what element the atom is.
Know how a negative ion and how a positive ion are formed.
Know what an isotope is and how to determine whether two atoms are isotopes of each
other.
Know that the Noble Gases (group 18 elements) have full valence shells and generally do
not react with other elements.
Know what metallic, covalent, and ionic bonds are and how the electrons come together to
form these three different types of bonds.
Know the states of matter and the general movement of particles in each state.
Know the changes between states of matter (freezing, boiling, melting etc)
Know that temperature is actually a measure of the average kinetic energy of the
particles in a substance.

Try the practice problems below and on the back!

Which of these statements about matter is NOT true?
a.
During chemical changes, matter is destroyed.
b.
Matter has mass and takes up space.
c.
Matter can be divided into pure substances and mixtures.
d.
Matter is made up of atoms.
If two atoms have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, they will have the same
a.
half-life
c.
atomic number
b.
mass number
d.
degree of stability
Dot diagrams are used to represent
a.
protons
c.
b.
outer electrons
d.

.
atomic mass
the structure of the nucleus

Which of the following statements about the atom is false?

a.
Each atom has a tiny nucleus at its center.
b.
All the protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus.
c.
Electrons travel in definite circular pathways around the nucleus.
d.
All atomic nuclei are positively charged.

Figure 2

Figure 2 shows two Bohr models of atoms. Which of the following statements describes a difference between these two
atoms?
a.
The two models have different numbers of electrons.
b.
The two models show two different ions of the same element.
c.
The two models are both isotopes of same element.
d.
The two models represent atoms of two different elements.
How does the behavior of the electrons in a block of gold differ from the behavior of the electrons in a block of salt?
a.
The electrons in a block of gold remain locked in place.
b.
The electrons in a block of gold move about freely in the block.
c.
The electrons in a block of gold are attracted to each other.
d.
The electrons in a block of gold move in and out of the block.
Which best describes what happens to electrons during ionic bonding?
a.
Electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
c.
b.
Electrons form electron bonds.
d.

Electrons are shared to form a bond.

Electrons are used up in the bonding process.

A microwave oven can make water boil in a couple of minutes. In which of these ways might a microwave oven change
the state of water?
a.
by increasing the speed of the moving water molecules
b.
by causing the molecules of water to split apart
c.
by making heat flow into the water
d.
by changing the condensation point of water
A liquids characteristics would include which of the following
a.
particles that are close, but can freely slide past one another
b.
particles that are broken apart from each other

c.
d.

In which state of matter do particles have no fixed shape and no fixed volume?
a.
atomic
c.
solid
b.
liquid
d.
gas
Which state of matter has the greatest amount of motion in its particles?
a.
Liquid
c.
Solid
b.
Gas
d.
Atomic matter

particles that vibrate in place

fixed particles with a fixed volume