NOBELOVA NAGRADA (NOBELPRISET)

OPENITO O ALFREDU NOBELU, OSNIVAU NOBELOVE NAGRADE

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roen je 21.10.1833. u Stockholmu; umro 10.12.1896, San Remo

obiteljski je povezan sa Olofom Rudbeckom, genijem u tehnikim znanostima 17.-og
stoljea
potie iz obitelji industrijalaca iz Skanea
ivio u doba kapitalizma, pa je bio jedan od najbogatijih ljudi svoga vremena
prije svega je intelektualac kemiar, izumitelj, filozof
izumio dinamit to znai sila (sjetio se nitroglicerina kojeg je vidio u kemijskom
laboratoriju u Petrogradu za vrijeme boravka u Rusiji) dvostruka namjena gradnja,
pomo ovjeku ali istovremeno i unitava (ratovi, osvajanja), svjestan te injenice
najvie je zagovarao mir kao osnovni uvjet za razvitak ovjeanstva (eksperimenti u
Helenebordu 1864. eksplozija tvornice. Grennich street,NY; San Francisco
skladite, 14 ljudi; Sidney; Krummel kod Hamburga)
Nobelov testament za Nobelovu nagradu Pariz, 27.11.1895. Alfred Nobel wrote the
final draft of his Nobel Prize bequest on a torn piece of paper at the Swedish Club in
Paris in front of four witnesses because he distrusted lawyers.
nagrada za kemiju i fiziku razvitak materijalne baze drutva
nagrada za medicinu borba za zdravlje ovjeka
nagrada za literaturu ope kulturno izdizanje ovjeka
nagrada za mir uza sve prethodne nagrade i njihov napredak ne moe postojati
blagostanje i srea ovjeka ako nema mira
tijekom 1968. dodatna nagrada za ekonomiju (u sjeanje na Nobela)
nobelova nagrada sastoji se od medalje, diplome i novane nagrade (0d 2010. 10
mil.vedskih kruna, najmanji iznos je bio 1923.-115 000 VK)
zlatne medalje djelo su vedskog kipara Erika Lindberga lice medalje: bar-reljef
portret Nobela s njegovom godinom roenja i smrti, glavni natpis medalja je isti, a to
je stih iz 6. pjevanja Vergilijeve Eneide na latinskom: Kako je slatko vidjeti ljudski
ivot oplemenjen pronalascima
nalije Kem i Fiz bar-reljef: Priroda u liku boginje Izide kako izlazi iz oblaka, a u
rukama dri rog izobilja
Med bar-reljef: genije medicine koji na svojim koljenima dri otvorenu knjigu,
zadubljen je u misli nad aom koja se puni izvorskom vodom iz stijene kako bi ju
posluio kao lijek mladoj bolesnoj djevojci
Lit bar-reljef: mladi koji sjedi ispod lovora i oarano slua i zapisuje pjevanje muze
Ceremonija dodjele, uvijek 10.12. na dan smrti Nobela Stockholm Dvorana
koncertne palae ukraena bistom Nobela: zapoinje u 16.30 ulaskom kralja i kraljice i
lanova kraljevskog doma uz zvukove himne
Oslo nagrada za mir, norveki kralj isto vrijeme

NAGRADA ZA FIZIKU
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In 1901 the very first Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Wilhelm Rntgen for his
discovery of X-rays.

The Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences,
Stockholm, Sweden.

The Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to 194 Laureates 1901-2012. As John
Bardeen has been awarded twice there are 193 individuals who have been awarded the
Nobel Prize in Physics since 1901.
To date, the youngest Nobel Laureate in Physics is Lawrence Bragg, who was 25 years
old when he was awarded the Nobel Prize together with his father in 1915. Bragg is
not only the youngest Physics Laureate, he is also the youngest Nobel Laureate in any
Nobel Prize category.; The oldest Nobel Laureate in Physics to date is Raymond Davis
Jr. (detektirao kozmike neutrone,astrofizika), who was 88 years old when he was
awarded the Nobel Prize in 2002.
Of the 193 individuals awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, only two are women.
1903 - Marie Curie (also awarded the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.)
1963 - Maria Goeppert-Mayer

NAGRADA ZA KEMIJU
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In 1901 the very first Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Jacobus H. van 't Hoff
for his work on rates of reaction, chemical equilibrium, and osmotic pressure.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences,
Stockholm, Sweden.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to 163 Laureates 1901-2012. As
Frederick Sanger has been awarded twice, there are 162 individuals who have received
the Nobel Prize in Chemistry since 1901.

To date, the youngest Nobel Laureate in Chemistry is Frdric Joliot (sinteza novih
radioaktivnih elemenata), who was 35 years old when he was awarded the Chemistry
Prize in 1935, together with his wife, Irne Joliot-Curie.

The oldest Nobel Laureate in Chemistry to date is John B. Fenn (ionizacijske metode
biolokih makromolekula), who was 85 years old when he was awarded the Chemistry
Prize in 2002.

ene - 1911 - Marie Curie (also awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics)
1935 - Irne Joliot-Curie (daughter of Marie Curie and wife to Frdric Joliot)
1964 - Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
2009 - Ada Yonath

MEDICINA
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In 1901, Emil von Behring was awarded the first Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine for his work on serum therapy, particularly for its use in the treatment of
diphtheria.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded by the Nobel Assembly at

Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

201 individuals have been awarded 1901-2012

To date, the youngest Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine is Frederick G.

Banting(otkrie inzulina) who was 32 years old when he was awarded the Medicine
Prize in 1923.

The oldest Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine to date is Peyton Rous,(otkrie

tumorskih virusa) who was 87 years old when he was awarded the Medicine Prize in
1966.

Of the 201 individuals awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, only ten
are women. Of these eight, Barabara McClintock is the only one who has received an
unshared Nobel Prize.
1947 - Gerty Cori
1977 - Rosalyn Yalow
1983 - Barbara McClintock
1986 - Rita Levi-Montalcini
1988 - Gertrude B. Elion
1995 - Christiane Nsslein-Volhard
2004 - Linda B. Buck
2008 - Franoise Barr-Sinoussi
2009 - Elizabeth H. Blackburn and Carol W. Greider

KNJIEVNOST
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The very first Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded in 1901 to the French poet and
philosopher Sully Prudhomme, who in his poetry showed the "rare combination of the
qualities of both heart and intellect"
The Nobel Prize in Literature is awarded by the Swedish Academy, Stockholm,
Sweden.

109 individuals have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature 1901-2012.

To date, the youngest Literature Laureate is Rudyard Kipling, best known for The
Jungle Book, who was 42 years old when he was awarded the Literature Prize in 1907.

The oldest Nobel Laureate in Literature to date is Doris Lessing, who was 88 years old
when she was awarded the Prize in 2007.

12 women have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Swedish author Selma
Lagerlf (1858-1940) was the first woman to be awarded in 1909. Selma Lagerlf was
awarded five years before she was elected to the Swedish Academy, the Nobel Prize
awarding institution responsible for selecting Nobel Laureates in Literature.
1909 - Selma Lagerlf
1926 - Grazia Deledda

1928 - Sigrid Undset

1938 - Pearl Buck
1945 - Gabriela Mistral
1966 - Nelly Sachs
1991 - Nadine Gordimer
1993 - Toni Morrison
1996 - Wislawa Szymborska
2004 - Elfriede Jelinek
2007 - Doris Lessing
2009 - Herta Mller

Two people have declined the Nobel Prize in Literature

Boris Pasternak, the 1958 Nobel Prize in Literature, "Accepted first, later caused by the
authorities of his country (Soviet Union) to decline the Prize".
Jean Paul Sartre, the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature, declined the prize because he had
consistently declined all official honours.

MIR
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Henry Dunant, founder of the Red Cross, shared the first Nobel Peace Prize in 1901
with Frdric Passy, a leading international pacifist of the time.
The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded by a committee of five persons who are chosen by
the Norwegian Storting (Parliament of Norway), Oslo, Norway. (All Nobel Prizes are
awarded in Stockholm, Sweden, except for the Nobel Peace Prize, which is awarded in
Oslo, Norway. The founder of the Nobel Prize, Alfred Nobel, was a Swedish
cosmopolitan. In his will, he declared that the Nobel Peace Prize should be awarded
by a Norwegian committee. When Alfred Nobel was alive, Norway and Sweden were
united under one monarch, until 1905 when Norway became an independent
kingdom.)

The Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded to 124 Laureates - to 100 individuals and 24
organizations. Since Comit International de la Croix Rouge (International Committee
of the Red Cross) was awarded three times and Office of the United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees was awarded twice there are 100 individuals and 21
organizations that have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

To date, the youngest Nobel Peace Prize Laureate is Tawakkol Karman, 32 years old
when awarded the 2011 Peace Prize. Born on 7 February 1979, Karman is only 11
days younger than Mairead Corrigan. Corrigan, also 32 years old when awarded the
1976 Peace Prize, was born on 27 January 1944.

The oldest Nobel Peace Prize Laureate to date is Joseph Rotblat, who was 87 years old
when he was awarded the Prize in 1995.

Of the 100 individuals awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, 15 are women. The first time a Nobel
Peace Prize was awarded to a woman was in 1905, to Bertha von Suttner.

1905 - Bertha von Suttner

1931 - Jane Addams
1946 - Emily Greene Balch
1976 - Betty Williams
1976 - Mairead Corrigan
1979 - Mother Teresa
1982 - Alva Myrdal
1991 - Aung San Suu Kyi
1992 - Rigoberta Mench Tum
1997 - Jody Williams
2003 - Shirin Ebadi
2004 - Wangari Maathai
2011 - Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee and Tawakkol Karman
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The Vietnamese politician Le Duc Tho, awarded the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize jointly
with US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, is the only person who has declined the
Nobel Peace Prize. They were both awarded the Prize for negotiating the Vietnam
peace accord. Le Doc Tho said that he was not in a position to accept the Nobel Prize,
citing the situation in Vietnam as his reason

Three Nobel Peace Prize Laureates have been under arrest at the time of the
award
German pacifist and journalist Carl von Ossietzky
Burmese politician Aung San Suu Kyi
Chinese human rights activist Liu Xiaobo

Surprise Nobel Peace Laureate?

Many believe that Winston Churchill was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, but he was actually
awarded the 1953 Nobel Prize in Literature. In fact, Churchill was nominated both for the
Literature Prize and for the Nobel Peace Prize.
The three most common searches on individuals in the Nobel Peace Prize nomination
database, are Adolf Hitler, Mahatma Gandhi and Joseph Stalin.
Joseph Stalin, the Secretary General of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (19221953), was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1945 and 1948 for his efforts to end World
War II.
Mahatma Gandhi, one of the strongest symbols of non-violence in the 20th century, was
nominated in 1937, 1938, 1939, 1947 and, finally, shortly before he was assassinated in
January 1948. Although Gandhi was not awarded the Prize (a posthumous award is not
allowed by the statutes), the Norwegian Nobel Committee decided to make no award that year
on the grounds that "there was no suitable living candidate".
Read more about "the missing Laureate"
Adolf Hitler was nominated once in 1939. Incredulous though it may seem today, the Nazi
dictator Adolf Hitler was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1939, by a member of the

Swedish parliament, an E.G.C. Brandt. Apparently though, Brandt never intended the
nomination to be taken seriously. Brandt was to all intents and purposes a dedicated
antifascist, and had intended this nomination more as a satiric criticism of the current political
debate in Sweden. ( At the time, a number of Swedish parliamentarians had nominated then
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlin for the Nobel Peace Prize, a nomination which
Brandt viewed with great skepticism. ) However, Brandt's satirical intentions were not well
received at all and the nomination was swiftly withdrawn in a letter dated 1 February 1939.
EKONOMIJA
- In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden's central bank) established the Prize in Economic
Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, founder of the Nobel Prize. The Prize is based on a
donation received by the Foundation in 1968 from Sveriges Riksbank on the occasion of the
Bank's 300th anniversary. The first Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to Ragnar Frisch
and Jan Tinbergen in 1969.
The Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel is awarded by the Royal Swedish
Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden, according to the same principles as for the Nobel
Prizes that have been awarded since 1901.
69 individuals have been awarded 1969-2012.

Youngest Laureate in Economic Sciences

To date, the youngest Laureate in Economic Sciences is Kenneth J. Arrow (contributions to
general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory"), who was 51 years old when he
was awarded in 1972.

Oldest Laureate in Economic Sciences

The oldest Laureate in Economic Sciences to date is Leonid Hurwicz, who was 90 years old
when he was awarded in 2007. He is also the oldest Laureate to be awarded in all Prize
categories.
Elinor Ostrom was the first female Laureate in Economic Sciences. Elinor Ostrom was
awarded the Prize in 2009. local property can be successfully managed by local commons
without any regulation by central authorities or privatization.
Medalja - The medal for The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of
Alfred Nobel shows the North Star emblem of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences,
dating from 1815, with the words "Kungliga Vetenskaps Akademien" (The Royal Swedish
Academy of Sciences) around the edge.
The upper half of the face of the medal depicts Alfred Nobel, but in a pose different from the
one appearing on the Nobel Prize Medals.
Around the upper edge are the words:
Sveriges Riksbank till Alfred Nobels Minne 1968
(The Sveriges Riksbank, in memory of Alfred Nobel, 1968)

The lower half displays the bank's crossed horns of plenty. This design distinguishes it from
the medals of the five prizes awarded under the terms of Alfred Nobel's 1895 will.
The name of the Economics Laureate is engraved on the edge of the medal.
The Medal for The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred
Nobel was designed by Gunvor Svensson-Lundqvist.
ZANIMLJIVOSTI
2) Tolstoy was the first great author to be rejected by the Nobel Committee in the first year.
He was nominated the next year, and he was found wanting by the reigning conservative
committee, because of his "animosity toward culture," "'ghastly naturalistic descriptions,'" and
"criticism of the state and the Bible.
6) In 1926, the Nobel Prize for Medicine was awarded to Johannes Fibiger for finding a cure
for cancer. That claim (and award) appears to have been overly optimistic.
11) Brilliant inventors Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla never won Nobel Prizes. The
committee that offered them a joint prize promptly rescinded the offer when it was discovered
that they hated each other so much that they would not stand on the same stage together!
14) There have been only four individuals who have won more than one Nobel Prize: Marie
Curie (Physics 1903 & Chemistry 1911), Linus Pauling (Chemistry 1954 & Peace 1963), John
Bardeen (Physics 1956 & 1972) and Frederick Sanger (Chemistry 1958 & 1980).
15) One organization has won the Nobel Peace Prize three times: International Committee of
the Red Cross (1917, 1944 & 1963)
Amazingly, the person probably most likely to have deserved the Nobel Peace Prize was
never awarded one. Mohandas "Mahatma" Gandhi, Indian leader who advocated non-violence
in the struggle for Indian independence from colonial rule, never won the award. He was
nominated five times, but failed each time. He was assassinated just two days before the
nominations for the 1948 prize were due, which, since he was deceased, disqualified him from
the nomination and, therefore, the prize. The Nobel Peace Prize Committee considered
selecting Gandhi for the award in spite of the rules, but because he left no legal heirs, they
were not sure of who to award the prize to. Instead, the committee elected to withhold the
award that year, stating that "there was no suitable living candidate" for the award, a clear
reference to the recently-deceased Gandhi.
Year 2010, is 538th award of Nobel Prizes. There are some years when Nobel prize was not
awarded (mostly during world wars)
Until now there are 834 Nobel Laureates.
Out of this, 41 are women Nobel Laureates.
The youngest ever Nobel Laureate is Lawrence Bragg, who was just 25 when he got the prize
along with his father in 1915 for Physics.
The Oldest Nobel Laureate is Leonid Hurwicz, who was 90 years old when he got the prize in
2007 for economics.
555 nobelovih nagrada na 863 laureata

A prize amount may be equally divided between two works, each of which is considered to
merit a prize. If a work that is being rewarded has been produced by two or three persons, the
prize shall be awarded to them jointly. In no case may a prize amount be divided between
more than three persons."
Since the start, in 1901, there are some years when the Nobel Prizes have not been awarded.
The total number of times are 50. Most of them during World War I (1914-1918) and II (19391945). In the statutes of the Nobel Foundation it says: "If none of the works under
consideration is found to be of the importance indicated in the first paragraph, the prize
money shall be reserved until the following year. If, even then, the prize cannot be awarded,
the amount shall be added to the Foundation's restricted funds."
The Nobel Laureate who has lived to the oldest age is Rita Levi-Montalcini, who was
awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She celebrated her 103rd
anniversary on 22 April 2012!

Two Nobel Laureates have declined the Nobel Prize!

Jean-Paul Sartre, awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature, declined the prize because he
had consistently declined all official honours.
Le Duc Tho, awarded the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize jointly with US Secretary of State Henry
Kissinger. They were awarded the Prize for negotiating the Vietnam peace accord. Le Doc
Tho said that he was not in a position to accept the Nobel Peace Prize, citing the situation in
Vietnam as his reason.

Three Nobel Laureates have been under arrest at the time of the award
German pacifist and journalist Carl von Ossietzky
Burmese politician Aung San Suu Kyi
Chinese human rights activist Liu Xiaobo

Four Nobel Laureates have been forced by authorities to decline the Nobel
Prize!
Adolf Hitler forbade three German Nobel Laureates, Richard Kuhn, Adolf Butenandt and
Gerhard Domagk, from accepting the Nobel Prize. All of them could later receive the Nobel
Prize Diploma and Medal, but not the prize amount.
Boris Pasternak, the 1958 Nobel Laureate in Literature, initially accepted the Nobel Prize but
was later coerced by the authorities of the Soviet Union, his native country, to decline the
Nobel Prize.
*Why are the individuals and organisations awarded a Nobel Prize called Nobel
Laureates?
The word "Laureate" refers to being signified by the laurel wreath.
In Greek mythology, the god Apollo is represented wearing a laurel wreath on his head. A
laureal wreath is a circular crown made of branches and leaves of the bay laurel (In latin:
Laurus nobilis). In Ancient Greece, laurel wreaths were awarded to victors as a sign of
honour - both in athletic competitions and in poetic meets.

Ivo andri knjievnost 50% nagrade dao BiH, za unaprjeenje knjinica - jedinstven
sluaj da pola nagrade daje svome narodu
Ladislav Leopold Ruika Nobelovu nagradu dobio 1953. kao vicarac biogenetsko
izoprensko pravilo
Vladimir prelog 1975. CIP-sustav, kemija, reaktanti i produkti