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conjunctival tumors
Papillary endothelial hyperplasia or pyogenic granuloma is the
most common acquired vascular lesion of the eyelid. It is
neither pyogenic nor is it a granuloma.
Clinical features
Pyogenic granuloma occurs anywhere in the eyelid, as a
rapidly growing, pedunculated reddishpink mass with or
without superficial ulceration and may easily bleed on touch.
It usually follows trauma or surgery. Local excision of the
lesion is curative.
Picture: pyogenic granuloma. The tarsal conjunctiva of the upper
eyelid showing a vascular polypoidal reddish-pink mass with
superficial ulceration. Histopathologically, loose edematous
stroma with surface necrosis, proliferating blood vessels, and
mixed inflammatory infiltrates, characteristic of inflammatory
granulation tissue, is present.
Ket buku: clinical ophthalmic oncology: eyelid conjunctival
tumors. Jacob peer, arun D.singh. springer science &
business media oct 2013. Stromal tumors hal: 85-86
Sub bagian tumors of the conjunctiva hal 350
Conjunctival pyogenic granuloma
General consideration
There are a few important vascular tumor and related lesions
that can occur in the conjunctiva, including pyogenic
granuloma, lymphangioma, varix, capillary hemangioma,
cavernous hemangioma, and kaposi sarcoma(KS). In the
authors clinical series of 1,643 conjunctival tumors, there
were 63 vascular lesions, accounting for 4% of the 1,643
lesions.
Pyogenic granuloma is a common and well-known condition. In
the authors series of 1,643 conjunctival tumors, the 11
pyogenic granulomas accounted for 18% of 63 conjunctival
vascular lesion and for less than 1% of the 1,643 lesion.
The classification and terminology of pyogenic granuloma has
been the source of considerable confusion. Some pathologists
prefer to classify it as exuberant granulation tissue of
pyogenic granuloma type, which is the term employed by
our pathologists. Others prefer the term acquired capillary
hemangioma,
pyogenic
granulomatype.
Some
dermatologists have called a similar lesion an acquired
lobular capillary hemangioma., which does not easily apply
to the lession seen in the conjunctiva. Until a more accurate
name is agreed upon, we have chosen to continue to use the
conventional termpyogenic granuloma, even though it is a
misnomer. In actuality, it is a proliferative fibrovascular
response (granulation tissue) to prior tissue insult by
inflammation, surgery, or nonsurgical trauma. It is most
commonly seen at a traumatic wound site or near a suture
line after surgery for chalazion, pterygium, strabismus, or
Introduction
Pyogenic granuloma, also known as lobular capillary
hemangioma, is a benign vascular tumor. The intravascular
variant is an angiomatous proliferation that occurs within a
blood vessel sometimes associated with an underlying
arteriovenous malformation or hemangioma. The lesion is a
polypoid mass projecting into the lumen of a dilated vein.
Clinical presentation
Intravascular pyogenic granuloma occurs within a vein such
as the angular vein. It presents as a slowly enlarging deep
firm nontender mass. There are no epithelial changes or
erythema. The lesion is mobile and can be elongated and
tubular to palpation.
Histopathology
This lesion occurs in veins and represents the intravenous
analog of pyogenic granuloma of the skin or conjunctiva.
There is a proliferation of blood vessels within the vessel
lumen, and sometimes a stalk connecting the lesion to the
vein wall can be identified. On other occasions, the lesion
appears to be floating within the vessel lumen or it may
completely occlude the lumen. In addition to the endothelial
cells, smooth
muscle
cells can
be demonstrated
immunohisto-chemically within the tumor and are presumed
to represent residua of the vein wall.
Differential diagnosis
The differential diagnosis includes lesions such as
intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia, pyogenic
granuloma, angiosarcoma, hemangioma, kaposi sarcoma and
organized thrombus.
Ket buku:diagnostic atlas of common eyelid disease. Jonthan
j.dutton, gregg S.gayre, alan d.proia. CRC Press jul 2007
medical.
pengelolaan
Granuloma piogenik kadang merespon kortikosteroid topikal,
tetapi banyak kasus akhirnya memerlukan eksisi bedah. Kami
telah menemukan bahwa mencukur eksisi di dasar kecil,
diikuti dengan kauter dan cryotherapy, biasanya efektif,
tetapi kekambuhan tidak jarang. Dalam kasus yang jarang
terjadi kekambuhan dan pertumbuhan terus, dosis rendah
brachytherapy dengan plakat radioaktif telah efektif.
Ket buku: kelopak mata, konjungtiva, dan tumor orbital: atlas
dan buku teks. Jerry A.Shields, carol L.Shields. Lippincott
williams & Wilkins 2008.
Intravascular piogenik granuloma HAL 173-174
pengantar
Granuloma piogenik, juga dikenal sebagai hemangioma kapiler
lobular, merupakan tumor vaskular jinak. Varian intravaskular
adalah proliferasi angiomatous yang terjadi dalam pembuluh
darah kadang-kadang dikaitkan dengan malformasi arteri
yang mendasari atau hemangioma. Lesi massa polipoid
memproyeksikan ke dalam lumen pembuluh darah melebar.
presentasi klinis
Intravaskular granuloma piogenik terjadi dalam pembuluh
darah seperti vena sudut. Ini muncul sebagai sebuah
perusahaan yang mendalam perlahan memperbesar nyeri
tekan massa. Tidak ada perubahan epitel atau eritema. Lesi
mobile dan dapat memanjang dan tubular untuk palpasi.
histopatologi
Lesi ini terjadi pada pembuluh darah dan merupakan analog
intravena granuloma piogenik kulit atau konjungtiva. Ada
proliferasi pembuluh darah dalam lumen pembuluh, dan
kadang-kadang batang yang menghubungkan lesi pada
dinding vena dapat diidentifikasi. Pada kesempatan lain, lesi
tampak mengambang di dalam lumen pembuluh atau itu
benar-benar dapat menyumbat lumen. Selain sel endotel, sel
otot polos dapat ditunjukkan immunohisto-kimia dalam tumor
dan dianggap mewakili residua dinding vena.
diagnosis
Diagnosis diferensial meliputi lesi seperti intravaskular
hiperplasia
papiler
endotel,
granuloma
piogenik,
angiosarcoma, hemangioma, kaposi sarcoma dan trombus
terorganisir.
Ket buku: atlas diagnostik penyakit kelopak mata yang umum.
Jonthan j.dutton, gregg S.gayre, alan d.proia. CRC Press Juli
2007 medis.