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a"If

1.
1.

GRAMMAR

:..,*Fi &

The policeman says that you must / could

might go with him.

3.

mustn't / don't have to /

might not tell anyone.
Could / Must / Should I please Iook at the

/Would you tell me more about the tours?

f. The tornodo must be huge. lt's uusing s lat of
damage.

g. You mustn't get toa close fo u tarnodo.

h. The storm con't be in this sreu. Aur data shows cleur
weother.

i. Yau don't hove to f needn't be u man fo chose

tornudaes.

1. Which modals are used to express the

following?
1.

ability

6.

certainty that something

is true

2. advice

obligation
4. lack of oblioation
-8,

3.

'

certainty that something

is impossible

polite request

b. p0ssrbrlrty

s. proh ibition

...........

Might / Should / Can forecasters usually predict

7. She's a tornado chaser.

a. They should hove thecked

8.

They might / should

the storm.

9.

You can't

b. They could hove bercme we

e. I

2.
3.

to

express

the following?
rriticism or regret after an event

2. certainty that something was true

3. possibility that something was true

4. ability to have done something but in fact did nct
5. willingness to do something but in fact coulcl not

__..-._...._)

2. Complete the rule.

We use the

70

According to my parents. I ... . (prohibition)

My f riends think that I ... . (advice)

5. ln our family, the children ... . (lack of obligation)

6. ln the future, I ... . (possibility)
7. One day, I ... . (ability)
Complete the sentences. Use the modal
perfects below.

wouldn't have . should have

might not have o must have

2.
3.

5.

.............

form of a ve rb after a modal perfect.

could have

Ryan didn't get into the team. He ........... been

disappointed.
lts very cold. You ........... worn a coat.
Why didn't you tell me you'd be out? I ...........
come to your house.
Its a pity you didn't know Paul was in town.
You ........... gone out together.

Lauren isn't answering her phone. She.........

taken it with her.

rL
tL--

t-t-!*

Hurricane winds haue

1. Which modal perfects are used

/ mustn't tell her -

As a student, | ... . (obligation)

think we might hove / may hove made a wrang

predictian.

1.

have to

Complete the sentences. Use a modal.

'1. ln the past, I ... . (ability)

sther forecnsfers.

experience.

/don't

in

2.

c. We would hove gone on s tour, but we didn't havt

enough money.

d. Seeing s tornodo must hove been a frigtttening

/ may / must

/ are able to get caught

she already knows.

tht dsta first.

She could

love thrills.

form of a verb afte r a modal.

Read the examples and answer the questions.

be

rain correctly?

3.

MODAL PERFECTS

/ can'l /have to

serious.

2. Complete the rule.

We use the

lt s a secret. You

Thats ridiculous. You must

At any time, lightning moy / might strike thtm.

e. Could

weather forecast?

/ must find s saft plnce during u tarnedo.

b. Most chosers con f ore oble to avoid getting hurt.

a. Yau huve to

d. People who wcnt ta chsse sforms shouldn't try it alane.

You've got a big exam tomorrow. You might not

shouldn't / don't have to go out tonight.

2.

Read the examples and answer the questions.

c.

Choose the correct answer.

recorded

at

310 km/h.

been

\ht-

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I

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olll uo sMou 0r.ll'Esrl p0uEldtiloc ,,'sorlddns ojoru lqanorq
o^eq plnoqs / 0uuq plnoqs g 0M,, '{tsllrlt puE fu0unq
'olqEuolruocun 010/1 oM

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(anea;7

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eq l,ulsnu s ll,, ,,'^l0lBrpouujr ^rx

opnce^a lsnu / alencP^e
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'sJeA sue

eOessed eq1 e1a1duo1

Z
L

lepou sql lo ruJol elqellns e asn 'slal)eJq

ur sqJa^ aql ql!/v\ se)ueluss eqt aleldurol 'u

f iii"lill' .rijl fiiJi;rll Lt;lA!.ip JADLI l,ulsnw fi,r,,i .i.*h.!

I 'i"iji*15;:.i;.i Iiu;,,,'tp ti;,\rlp JADtI l,uplnoqs lji":A
ueql

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|

raprpq (fu171ou

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r all aupcuJnH lpq] s0ururpm prpoll lsru aM uaqg

'S

(orels

plnoqs) nol peua1q6r;1 sl pllr.ll oql

/ ]ou

'ESrl 'oleurlBll
lp rouP roA0A 0H

'L

'llr sPM
'LUrq

peq / daals ol
'lorlad
'uorlPls
alqe 0rarn s 0/1 0s
lorlod e 0l laol,uplnoc aM

eql ur deols

+o

'L

(Gv GRAMIVIAR
rffi

\-

u*

t'*
i THE PASSIVE
l

1. Read the examples and answer the questions.l

firsr:*i"r,4rl: pl*ma * frc-rfer *b*ve
d ;:*slr,-

i.

r,r*,s

pf*mr't'

rf.r*

*l;*vr lfor ryrufi,i.

rtugs"

fcriir;*J

if:r-"sjv*J

Which sentenc* stresses the action?

?. Which stressc: the

pe

i;,.

*rr

lt.

P*rsplr &rfuervr {ir:ller r,arfieri ih*y ore being wotched

i:rcil-s ore progrommed d* ruspr*nd fr: l*r*s.

r" lh* idea hos been applied *v

we

1.

Newborn babies react when they show

fir

in lhe base / past participle

/
l_

helped police combat crime.

l

2. Complete

the sentences with the correct

passive form of the verbs below.

not rob

teach

tear

catchopublish.count
.

The bank ........ since they got two more guards.

.......... the results .......... in next week's newspapers?

2.

3. Children should .......... to tell the truth.

4. No one spoke while the money...........

pr:ilm.

IL

are shown pictures of faces.

2. Off ice staff who didn't pay for coffee were not
punished / did not punish.
3 No one knew whether the staff had paid /
had been paid for the coffee or not.
4 They felt as if they were watching /
were being watched by the eyes.
5. This experiment shows that psychology can use /
can be used for practical purposes.
6. Hopefully, the posters will help/will be

re chosen ffir lftr rxprriff*irl.

1. The main verb is

Choose the correct answer.

ople that do the action?

2. Read the examples. ldentifr the verb tense

in each sentence. Then choose the correct
options to complete the rules below.

r. S*v'*re i;:*,t tt{s

1.

5.

The police

6.

By

posters

>

L
.

by the wind last night.

the time the police arrived, the criminals

..... ....

form.
2. The main / auxiliary verb indicates
the tense.
3" 5e ntencrs in the passive sometimes

/ always

include by + aqent.
4. ln the passive, modals are followecl by the
infinitive of the verb to be I the main verb.
Verbs with Two Objects
Some sentences have got

two objects:

Thry :hr:rrurri the results {diree t *bject} tr: the

public. {indirert *bjrtt}

It':

mr:re corllffiffn

til ille ih* lndirtct *bje*t

*s

ih*: :ubi*ct cf a p*ssivt str"lt*nct"

The

public

Fr#-5 stuflr.1/r]

fl:e rei#/f-c. lromrnr:nj

The results r,frrr sfr*!.4r*

I* ibr pltbltc.

3. Complete

iiess rcrurn*r,'J

the sentences, Use the correct active

or passive form of the verbs in brackets.
l'm going on the bus because my car...........

/ran r ir\
\rrPur /.

2. Beethoven .......... (compose) beautiful symphonies.

3. The police .......... (not find) the missing child yet.
4. The baby ......... (should / put) to bed an hour ago!
5.

..........

b_

the invitations

..........

(send) yet?

bbb-

We use havr I get + object + past participle

when we refer to an action that is done fr:r us
:amebody else. There is iro difference betwee n
hsve and gef, but gef is rnnre infarmal.
put in the confreil.
puf
fhemselves.J
if
fhrre
{They didn't
They hod an honesty box

i
t

94i

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