Mn C s Kh c in

Gio trnh : Kh c in Phm Vn Chi

Bi Tn
Nguyn Tn
1.1 :Bi M u
* Kh c in l cc thit b in dng ng ,ct , bo v , iu khin, n nh cc mch in (o
lng) in p ,cng sut (theo chc nng ).
iu khin: Tin cy ,chn lc,t ng lp li.
ng ct l chc nng quan trng ,khng dng in (an ton ) ,nhn thy khong cch (dao cch ly) .
+Ngn mch rt kh khn khi ct dng ,dng cu ch , my ct ,aptmt (h p).
+ Qu ti c thi gian(r le nhit).
iu khin : cc thit b cng tc lm vic vi cc ch khc nhau .
Kh c in theo in p : Kh c in cao p Umc >1000V
Kh c in h p Umc <1000V
Nguyn l lm vic ging nhau nhng phn cch in khc nhau .Vi kh c in cao p th phn
ny ln.
Kh c in cao p : +Trung p (36 kV)
+Cao p (3640 kV)
+Siu cao p (>400 kV)
* Kh c in dng dng : +Kh c in mt chiu
+ Kh c in xoay chiu
Kh c in nguyn l lm vic : + in c
+ in t
+ in nhit

Chng I : Nam chm in .

1.1: i cng nam chm in .

1,S :
5
4

3
2

r
o
1
1mch t tnh ;
4l xo nh;
:t thng lm vic ;

2cun dy;
5c chn 0 t thng ;
r :t thng r;

3mch t ng( np);

:khe h lm vic ;

nh ngha : Nam chm in l mt c cu in t bin in t c (lc ,m men).

ng K xut hin I trong cun dy vng .
F :sc t ng [Avng ]
F sinh ra t thng : + lc in t ht np (khng ph thuc chiu i) m
+ r
: [ H/m ] c trng cho dn in.
0 4 10 7 H/m (chn khng , khng kh ) tuyt i.

x
0

Mt t thng B
;S : tit din cc t; B [ Wb/m2 ] , [ T ] .
S
dn t tng i

Cng t trng : H

T tr

T dn :

[ T/H/m ] , [ A/m ], [Tm/H ].

1 l
[ H1 ]
S
1
S
G

[H]
R
l

III
I

II
H

I _tuyn tnh;

dB
dH

III _bo ho ;
II _phi tuyn tnh ton phc tp.
* Phn loi :
Nam chm in ni tip :cun dy ni tip vi ph ti dng in ph thuc ph ti .
Nam chm in song song :cun dy song song vi ph ti .
Nam chm in xoay chi u ( AC )
Nam chm in mt chiu ( DC ).

2,Cc nh lut c bn:

2.1, nh lut m :

U
U G
R
2.2, nh lut Kirchoff 1 : i 0
2.3, nh lut Kirchoff 2 : F U i (R1 ... R n )
2.4, Dng in ton phn :
F Hdl

3, ng dng: s dng rng ri trong cc c cu truyn ng , cng tc t ,, thit b bo v ngn

mch trong my cch in ,dng trong iu khin ,cc c cu phn ly , phn loi c cu in t chp
hnh ( phanh hm in t ).
4, Tnh ton nam chm in :
Mch t phi tuyn tuyn tnh ho .
1 l
R
Kh xc nh chnh xc t tr ca mch t :
ch ng cho tuyn tnh u.
S

1.2 : T dn mch t.
* Phn st t :ph thuc im lm vic trn th B(H)
S
Vd: G Fe Fe
l
nu im lm vic thuc vng tuyn tnh = const , Fe 0 b qua t tr st t .
* Phn khng kh :
khe h khng kh lam vic + T dn r.

Cng thc chung :

G
U
khng kh khng ph thuc vo im lm vic B(H) .
S coi trng in t l trng song phng (u)

BS
S

0
[H]
U H

b qua t thng tn
m

iu kin :

d 0.2

0.2
d

d ng knh n hnh tr

1, Phn chia t trng :

Chia t trng thnh cc vng n gin
Tnh dn cc trng thnh phn
Tng hp li
a2
* Vi hnh hp ch nht :
G 0 0

1/2 tr c :

G 2 0

G 2 0

tr rng :

G 3 0

2a

1
m

( m=1:2 )

tb
S tb
V
0.26 0 a
2tb

 cu c :
cu rng :

G 4 0.077 0
m
G 5 0
4

G G 0 G 2 G 3 G 4 G 5
16

G G 0 G i

t dn tn

G
G Gt
G
0
1 t
G 0
G 0
G 0
Khi nh ;a,b ln G t G 0 t 1
cng ln t
Kt qu tng i chnh xc nhng phc tp dng tnh ton kim ngim.
2, Tnh bng cng thc thc nghim ( kinh nghim ):
Bng ( 13) <22>
3, Tnh bng hnh v :
Khi cc t khc tp khng dng 2 loi trn th v bc tranh t trng
+ng sc t
dn
+ng ng th
H s t tn : t

1.3 : Mch t mt chiu .

F # f t .
U, I khng ph thuc vo t Mch khng tn hao do xoy , t tr
Hai bi ton :
+ Thun : Cho tnh F
+Ngc : Cho F tnh
Kh khn : +T dn kh tnh chnh xc .
+Phi tuyn vt liu t .
+Thng s ri tp trung.
1,Mch t 1 chiu b qua t thng r :
Khi ro .
Mch t hh xuyn .
A, Thun :

ltb

bit tm F
mch t thay th :
Fe

v r 0

F R Fe R

R Fe

R
G 0

F
R

1 l tb
S

Bh
B

H
S

Mch t mt chiu I=const F= const khng ph thuc vo

UFe bo ha .
b, Ngc : bit F
F IW R Fe R tnh c R
Phng php d trn c s bi ton thun : c th dng hnh kt qu trng hp c bit .
BS
IW R Fe R Hl tb
GS
IW
BS
H
l tb
G l tb
B
M
B

Ly OA= IW/ltb ;

T A dng ; tg

H
H

1
G l tb

2,Mch t 1 chiu c xt ti t thng r :

a, B qua t tr st t :
Fe 0 R Fe 0
Khi nghim nm trong vng tuyn tnh ca B( H )

IW

l x
IW
x

l
U
U F Hl

Mch t thay th :

G 1

Gr

G 2

IW

Gr =kgrl
gr : dn sut t d ; k<1 h s t dn r qui i.

lS
lS
; G 2 0
.
1
2
+Thun : F
+ Ngc : F

f
* Gi
l
x
U x fx
( t p ti im )
l
G 1 0

T thng r ti dx :

x
d r U x dG r g r dx
l
1
rl lg r G r
2

l 2
gr
l
2
1
G r lg r t dn r qui i theo ( Nam chm 1 chiu )
2

rx

Sc t ng F ~ in p
T thng ~ dng in
T thng mc vng
I 2
g r x 2 dx
2
l
2
I
I
r
g r l g r l
3
3
1
G r g r l Nam chm din
3
H s t r :

r 0
1 r

b, Khng b qua t tr st t :
im lm vic vng bo ha ca B( H)
d rx x d rx


1
2

1
2

3
4

3
4

l12
l23
l34
U

np
n
R

R
1

R 12

r1

R 23

r2

R 34

r3

R 12
2
R 23
3
R 34
4

Gii bng phng php on mch t (ti sao 3 on )

Tnh t tr (dn ) ca khng kh ( chia1 on sai s ln hn )
n

I Ii
i 1

* Thun : cho F
B n Sn B n

Sn
S

H n

B (H )

Rn
11'

1 ln
U11' R r1
n Sn
r1 11'

11'
BH
S
11' R 12
* Ngc : cho F
Dng h s t r
Ti bt c im ;
B11'

dng phng php d

x rx 1 rx rx

T dn v in cm :
L = w2G ;
G t dn
w s vng dy
L in cm
XL = wl =2fl ; f # 0
1.4 : Mch t xoay chiu .

+ I bin thin tn hao do t tr v dng xoy .

U
U
I
2
Z
R2 X
L

U
U

l 2f 2 G

R<<XL
I ph thuc khe h , khng ph thuc .
U
nam chm in 1 chiu I const khng ph thc khe h .
R
+

Wn.m

U~
r

Gin vc t :

w1

Wn.m :vng ngn mch

lm cho t thng v t p
lch pha v t chng
rung nam chm in xoay
chiu .

IR
E

In.m

Xc nh X t khng
R n n
l
w d
n n n
rn
rn dt
U R
Ln

w 2x
rn

w 2 d
rn dt

; rn in tr vng ngn mch

X L 2f

1
rn

Z R jX

Z R 2 X 2

1.5 : Cun dy nam chm in .

Chc nng cun dy : + sc t ng iw

+ khng c hng ( nng ) U = Um
Cc thng s : + din tch chim ch cun dy ( ca s mch t )

h
m t s hnh dng dy .
l
m=1 2 xoay chiu
2 4 mt chiu
+ s vng dy w :
tit din dy qun q [mm2 ]
ng knh d [ m ]
( khng k b dy cch in )
+ H s lp y cun dy :
S
q
K Cu
( 0.3 0.7 )
S cd
lh

S cd hl [ mm2 ] ;

K ph thuc :
+ Cun dy c khung ? khi nim cch in , chu nhit .
+Chng loi dy qun ,hnh dng chng loi cch in , kch c dy qun.
+C cch in lp hay khng
+Phng php cun dy .
+in tr cun dy
l l
l tb
; l tb t n
R
2
q
I
+Mt dng in trong cun dy :
j
[A/mm2 ];
q
j = (1.5 4 )dy cun Cu lm vic ch di hn
=(1030) dy cun Cu lm vic ch ngn hn.
1, Cun dy nam chm in 1 chiu :
Cho sc t ng IW ,cho in p Um cun dy ,ch lm vic .
Tnh cc kch thc , thng s ca cun dy .
Chn j , K ,
Xc nh Scun dy :

q
k
q
S cd lh

k
k
j
l=?
h
m
l
h=?
Xc nh ltb , bit kch thc cc t ,Scd

U
U
U
Uq

l
l

R
l tb
tb
tb
S
q
Cu ( 00 c ) 0.017 [ mm2/m ]
i

q d chun ha ( lm trn )
S l
S vng : cd cd
q
l
in tr : R tb
q
Tn hao cng sut : P = I2R
tng nhit ca cun dy ch di hn :
W ]
P

[ 0C ] [
K T ST
W 2
m2 0 C m

KT : h s ta nhit bng i lu v bc x ;KT = (614 )[ W/0C m2 ] t khng kh .

ST = St + Sn + 2Sy .
Nhit thot nng b mt cun dy : =0 + ( 0 nhit mi trng )
Nu w rt ln th iw # f()
2, Cun dy ,nm chm in xoay chiu :
E 4.44f m ( m t thng tng , m = 0 + r )
U
0.85U m
E
E

* Cho ,m
4.44f m 4.44fB m S 4.44fB m S

q
q
k
Sc t ng : ( iw ) = f()
ch di hn ( trng thi ht ) = 0.5 [mm]
khe h cng ngh v chng nh .
Im m
G min
I
1
I m
; q I S cd
j
2

S cd

3, Tnh li cun dy khi thay i in p :

C s : + Sc t ng khng i
Scd = lh = const
+T thng khng i
+ Ch nhit khng i j = const
U1 1 q 1
d2

U 2 2 q 2
d1
Bi tp v nh : Cho Scd = lh , bit U , tnh w, q sao cho j = 3 [A/mm2 ] (chn k ) .

1.6 : Lc ht in t ca nam chm in 1 chiu .

Lc ht in t ca nam chm in 1 chiu l lc tc ng ln c cu cng tc .
1, Dng cng thc Maxoen :
1 1 2
F
(B n ) B B n dS
0 S
2

S b mt cc t ; n php tuyn ; B t cm ; o = 4107 ( H/m )

Nu B S th B , n cng phng
1
F
B 2 dS
2 0 S
Nu B = const trong S F

1 2
B S
2 0

b qua t thng tn khi S , F 4.06B 2 S [ kg ]

2, Tnh lc in t bng cn bng nng lng :
Khi ng in vo cun dy namchm in :
d
phng trnh cn bng : U iR
dt
Uidt i 2 Rdt id
Uidt : in nng vo ; i2Rdt : tn hao nhit ; id : nng lng t .

2< 1

d
1

i1 i2
Nng lng t trng = 1
1

W1 id S 0ab 0 ( tam gic cong )

0

Khi 1 2 :

W12 id S abcda
2

= 2 W 2 id S ocdo
0

W W1 W 21 W 2 S oado FS
F

W
S

dW
dS

1
1i1
2
1
W 2 21i 2
2
1
W12 2 1 i1 i 2
2
t 2 1
W1

1.7 : Lc ht in t ca nam chm in xoay chiu .

i m sin t
m sin t
2

1
1 m sin t dG 1 2m dG
2 dG
F i

sin 2 t Fm sin 2 t

2
dS 2
G
dS 2 G dS
1 cos 2t 1
1
Fm
Fm Fm cos 2t F Fx
2
2
2
Fm bin lc in t .

t
Fm

Khi Fc > F np y rung vi chu k 2f .

chng rung bng 2 phng php : to ra t thng lch pha nhau :
+ Mc 2 cun dy ni tip vi thng s khc nhau .
+ Dng cun ngn mch .

vng ngn mch

U~

S :

t
Gr

Gt
X

S thay th :
t r 1 2

2f
G 2
2 chm pha so vi 1 gc tg
rn .m

2
F1 F1m sin t F1tb F1tb cos 2t

2
F2 F2 m sin t F2 tb F2 tb cos2t
F F1 F2 F1tb F2 tb F1tb cos 2t F2 tb cos2t Ftb _ Ftb

Ftb~ c Fmtb F12tb F12tb 2F1tb F2 tb cos 2

Khng tn ti iu kin l tng chng rung
my bin p 3 pha ni chung khng c hin tng rung do

FA FAm sin t

2
3
2
FB FBm sin t
FA FB FC Fm
3
2

FB FBm sin 2 t

So snh
2

Nam chm in ~
= const
i = f()
bin i I thay i
F rung 2f
F = f() t i (cng )

Nam cham in
sc t ng iw = const
U
i binthin th nc khng
R
chy
F khng rung ht m
F = F() thay i (mm)

i
; G
R

F
~

Bi tp:(Iw) = const ( B nh nhau ),cng mt mch t = min .Hi F >< F~?

1.8 : c tnh ng ca nam chm in mt chiu .
Thng s quan trng ca NC :+ Thi gian tc ng .
+ Thi gian nh ca n .
+ Thi gian tc ng ( tt )l thi gian k t khi a tn hiu tc ng cho n khi np chuyn ng
xong = min. .
+ Thi gian nh ( tnh ) l khi ct in cun dy n khi np ca NC kt thc chuyn ng = max .
I, c tnh ng ca NC 1 chiu :

In
k

Inh
max

t1

t2
tk

min

t3

t4
tnh

1, Thi gian tc ng t1 :
a, Mch t tuen tnh 1 cun dy :
d
dLi
di
dL
U iR
iR
iR L i
dt
dt
dt
dt

Thi gian khi ng = max = const l = lo = const

U iR l 0 i
l di
U
i 0
R
R dt
l
U
i o ; T0 0
R
R
t1
l
k
di
dt 0
t 1 T0 ln i
R I 0d i
ki 1
0

I o
h s d tr theo dng in ca NC.
I k
l
T0 0
h s thi gian in t ca cun dy khi np m.
R
b, Mch t tuyn tnh c thm cun dy ngn mch :
d

iR dt U

d n
i n R n
0
dt

k
R
ln i
t 1 T0 1
R n k i 1
ki

R n R n
n
t1 ,Rn t1 cng ln
Rn cun ngn mch b h mch trng hp ( a )
Ngoi nh hng ca vng ngn mch , t1 chu nh hong ca dng in xoy.
R R
k
t 1 T0 1 n 1 x ln i
R n R x k i 1
2

2 8fx

R x R x
l
x
l chiu di mch t
x in tr sut vt liu dn t.
c, Trng hp mch t bo ha :

 (i) quan h phi tuyn

d
U iR
dt

d
1 k d
t1

U iR R 0 I o i
0
2,Thi gian khi ng khi nh t3 ( ct in ):U=0
phng trnh cn bng :
d
iR
0
dt
dL
di
di
0 iR L1 i 1 iR L1
dt
dt
dt

t3

L1
R

I nh

nh
di
di
Io

T
I i 1 I i T1 ln Inh
kd
kd

L1 in cm nam chm khi = min .

T1 hng s thi gian in t NC khi np ht .
Thm vng ngn mch , in tr xoy (phi tuyn )
R
R I
t 3 T1 1 n x ln o
R n R x I nh
3, Thi gian chuyn ng khi ng t2 :
Khi I = Ik F > Fcn nam chm in chuyn ng
max min
L0 L1
k o
a = 4 , AC = 24.
d

iR

dt

mv 2
F0 dx Fc dx d
2

t2

2mx
F F0

Trong :
m : khi lng phn ng my in
v = dx/dt

Dng phng php chia nh (i) thnh i2

4.Thi gian chuyn ng khi nh t4
nh
u=0,
S min S max
F Fc

2mx
Fc F
II.c tnh ng NC xoay chiu (SGK)
t4

Chng 2 : S pht nng ca kh c in

1.i cng
Thit b hng do

+ in p cao nh thng cch in chm chp ,ngn mch

+ Nhit dng in gy nn nng cch in gi ha , chy
Vt liu cch in chu nhit cp cch in
Dng tn hao nng lng trong dy dn :
= I2R
l
Trong : R =
: in tr 1 chiu ca dy dn c lp
s
Rv = KmR : Km l hiu ng mt ngoi ln tn hao dy dn
Tn hao trong vt liu dn t (thp) khng ti
(f,B,xoy) ( W/leg) f,B,vt liu
Tn hao trong cht in mi :
= 2fU2tg
Trong : tg l gc tn hao in mi .
2.Cc phng php trao i nhit
Co 3 phng php l dn nhit , di lu v bc x
Dn nhit : do tip xc rn rn m :

d 2 Q dSdt
x
Trong : +d2Q truyn qua dS trong dt theo hng x
+ l h s dn nhit
+ l nhit

 i lu
Bc x
3.Cc ch lm vic ca kh c in
Bt u lm vic phng trnh cn bng nng lng :
dt kT S T dt cT d
Trong : dt l tn hao
kT dt l tn hao to ra mi trng
cT d l tn hao lam nng
cT c 0 m l nhit dung thit b
l cng sut
ST l din tch to nhit
KT l h s to nhit
t
t

CT
CT RT l hng s thi gian nhit
0 e T 1 e T vi T
K T ST

+ t 0 0 0 1 e T Qu trnh pht nng

+ Qu trnh ngui : 0 kT ST dt cT d e

t
T

Nng

Lnh

B
0

Xc nh T: V tip tuyn t O ct ti A ,OB = T.

+ ngha T ( vt l): l khong thi gian pht nng cn thit thit b t xc lp nhit khng c to
nhit ra mi trng :
nu KT = 0
t=T
t

1 e T 0.632

+ Cc ch lm vic ph thuc t,
1.Ch lm vic di hn :
Tlv ln

2 0 C/h
iu kin : tlv > (4 5) T , 0.98 ,
t
0 : nhit cho php .
ti Idm di hn ch di hn khng cho php qu ti
2. Ch lm vic ngn hn
tlv b
tngh ln 0

P2

mxx 2

 max 1

P1
t

tlv
+ t = tlv P = P1 max 1

cha tc dng ht ln truyn nhit thit b

tlv P = P1
+ P2 > P1 t = tlv max 2 cho php
k

P2

max 2
P1 max 1 max 1

1
1 e

tw
T

h s qu ti theo cng sut

k I kp
3.Ch ngn hn lp li
t ck t lv t ngh
tlv b max
Sau nchu k ch n nh gi quanh ( min , max )
b 0

t max

t min

t lv
t ck1

t ck 2

t ckn

t lv

Chu k 1 : 1 1 e T

1' 1e

Chu k 2 : 2 1' e
'
2

t lv
T
t lv
T

2 e
t lv

max 1 e T

t lv

1 e T

t lv
T

t lv

min e T

t ngh

min max e

max

1 e
1 e

t lv
T

t ck
T

t ck
T

chophp cho php qu ti k

1 e

1
t lv
max
T
1 e

2.4 S pht nng ca thit b in ch ngn mch

tlv rt b
on nhit khng c ta nhit
(I) rt ln
dt c T d nm chophp ch ngn hn
D bn nhit thit b in : l kh nng ca thit b chu dc dng ngn mch trong thi
gian cho php:
I 2n t n const
Khi ngn mch i khng chu k quy i inm sang In( chu k )

2.5 Cc phng php xc nh nhit

1.o bng nhit k thy ngn
Khng d c nhit im
Khng truyn c tn hiu i xa ,d v
ng dng nhit k cng tc thy ngn o khng ch nhit

2. o bng in tr
R R 0 1 T trong T l h s nhit in tr
Thng qua R,R0,T
o Rngui, Rnng ta dng V A cu o
Dng sensor in tr ,mch cu
Rx in tr chun kim loi bn dn
3.o bng cp nhit in (nhit ngu)
1

1
2

o nhit im
Qun tnh nhit b
C th truyn i xa
max cao
Khng cn co ngun m vn c ch th
4.o bng bc x hng ngoi

Chng 3 : Lc in ng kh c in
3.1 i cng v lc in ng
Lc in ng chnh l lc tc dng ca in trng v t trng
Trong 1 mch vng c s tc ng ca lc in ng lm bin dng mch vng
ch x lp Im khng ln F kI 2 b ngn mch Inm >> Im F tng ln lm cho
thit b nhanh hng hn
+ Cc phng php tnh lc in ng
1.nh lut BioxavaLaplace
on mch dl1(m),i1(A) dt trong t trng B (T) c:

dF idl1 B iBdl1 sin vi i B

l1

l1

F dF i1 B sin dl1
0

i 2 dl 2 sin
4r 2
I2(A) l dng in trong on mch dl2(m), r l khong cch dl1 vi dl2, i 2 dl 2

Mi trng = const th dH

l2

dB M 0 dH dB

M 0 i 2 sin dl 2
i sin
B 10 7 2 2 dl 2
2
4r
r
0

l1 l 2

sin sin
dl1dl 2
r2
0

F 10 7 i1i 2
0

(N)

l1 l 2

kC

sin sin
dl1dl 2 : gi l h s kt cu
r2
0

F 10 i1i 2 k C (N) xc nh hng ca F ta dung quy tac bn tay tri

Nu co 2 mch vng i1,i2 ta c phng trnh cn bng nng lng :
1
1
W L1i12 L 2 i 22 Mi1i 2
2
2
1 2 1
L1i1 L 2i 22 : l bin i t cm
2
2
Mi1i 2 : l bin i v tr
Nu cho 1 mch vng :
w 1
L
F
i 1i 2
(N)
x 2
x
Nu cho 2 mch vng :
w
L
F
i1i 2
x
x
iu kin bit c biu thc gii tch ca L, M theo x
Lc in ng h (l1,l2 ) bn vng nht nng lng ln nht .
Cc trng hp thng gp :

3.2 Tnh ton lc in ng cc trng hp thng gp

1.Lc in ng cc thanh dn song song

l1
d

i1

a
i2
l2
d : ng knh dy dn << l
l

0 1 sin
0 i1dy
i1
dy
sin B
4 0 r 2
4 r 2
a
t y = a/tg ; r = a/sin dy 2 d
sin
1
i
i cos 1 cos 2
sin
B 0 1
d 0 1
dF Bi 2 dx
4 2

4
a
i1 : dB M 0 dH

2
l2
0 i1i 2 cos 1 cos 2
2l
a
a
7
dx F dFx 10 i 1i 2
dFx
1
4
a
a
l
l
0

Nu 2 dy di khc nhau ,t lch nhau

2.Lc gia dng in v mi trng st t
+ Phng php nh gng
+ Dp h quang trong thit b in h p bng phng php ko di qung ng i h quang

3.4 Lc in ng in xoay chiu

1.in 1 pha

V bn cht lc in ng lc in t v c th thay th t trng Fe dng in i tnh theo phng

php i gng
2.in 3 pha
3, bn in ng thit b in
4.Cng hng c kh

Chng 3 : H quang in
3.1 i cng v h quang in
1.Phng in trong cht in mi
+ Nhit cao khong 60000
+ j 10 2 10 5 A/mm2
+Hiu ng quang
2.Qu trnh ion ha
Pht x nhit in t
Ion ha do va chm
Ion ha do nhit cao
3. Qu trnh phn ion
Phn ion do ti hp
Phn ion do khuch tn
Nu : + Qu trnh ion ha > Phn h quang h quang tng

+ Qu trnh ion ha < Phn h quang h quang gim h quan s tt ng dng dp

tt h quang

3.2 H quang in 1 chiu

Mun dp tt h quang in 1 chiu tc l lm cho n khng chy n nh UR,UL khng ct
nhau.
U hq E hq l hq

E hq const

Ti c nh UR c nh Uhq tng khng ct Ur tng Uhq th tng chiu di ng h quang

3.3 H quang in xoay chiu

1.H quang in xoay chiu
2.Phc hi bn in ,in p
Ti R :
i0

m u0 0 d dp h quang

i0

m u0 umax kh dp h quang

i0

m uc= umax,3umax kh dp h quang nht .

V vy khi chn thit b cn xem xet h s d tr

Uphc hi > Uchc thng h quang chy li do ngun v in tch ti
+ nh hng thun tr
Uo , I hq trng pha
I0 = 0 U0 = 0 Phn ion rt mnh d dp h quang

+ nh hng ti cm (L)
Uo , I hq lch pha nhau gc /2 vi vy :

i0 0
u 0 u max

to iu kin thun li cho ion ha v nng

lng tch tr nn kh dp h quang

+ nh hng ti dung (C)
Uo , I hq lch pha nhau gc /2 vi vy :

U C U max
U C 3U max

kh dp tt h quang hn

ti R chn I m K dutru I mtai

Ti L th K=1.5
Ti C th K=2

3.4 Cc bin php dp h quang

dp tt h quang thi cn lm cho : qu trnh phn ion > qu trnh ion
Chnh l lm cho thi gian phong h quang gim th phn ion mnh
1.Ko di h quang
a. Ko di bng c kh tng khong cch gia 2 tip im (im cc) tng chiu di dao cch li
tng kch thc
Tuy nhin nu tng na th hiu qu khng tng. Unh thng vao khong 3000V/mm
b. Bt h quang i vo khe ziczc : dng t trng thi h quang vo khe zic zc dng trong cng t
in h quang in c xu hng i ln

c.Thi h quang bng t : lc in ng i v Fe dn dp v ko di h quang ta nhit dng trong

kh c in
d.Thi h quang bng kh nng
khng kh kh sch nn vi p sut cao 20 at trong bnh ng dn n vng in cc thi im m
van m thi mnh thi c lp (khng ph thuc I ct)
Nhc im l cng knh
H thng kh nn b xung ng ct nu khng nn
2.H quang chy trong mi trng c bit
a.Du bin p
Cch in tt
Do h quang du phn tch
Nhc im : lng du gim v ha hi v bn thng kim tra lc sch b xung dng trong
thit b in ng ct cao p
My ct du h quang cch in
b.Dp h quang bng vt liu t sinh kh
dng vt liu nh thy tinh hu c nhit cao ha hi c bn cch in cao vi cu
ch cao p thi h quang .Lc ct khng ln ,thit b r tin thng dng
c.Dp h quang in trong chn khng (cch in l tng)

Kh nng ion ha bng 0 nhit h quang b kch thc b khng cn bo dng

Cng ngh bung ct
SF6(elegas) l kh cch in l tng ,chu c h quang ,dn nhit tt ,ng c nhit cao ,nn
SF6 trong bung dp ,p sut vi at
Nhc im : bn d r r kh
Nu p sut thp nn dp h quang km (kha khng cho thao tc ) My ct cao p Siu cao p
3.Phn loi h quang
Chia nh h quang in p cao dng thng dng my ct hnh T ni tip thao tc ng thi

4.Dng ct ng b (cho dng )

Khi i = 0thc hin ng ct c.Thao tc 3 pha m chi 1 pha bng 0 thao tc tng pha

Ct ngn mch i > 0 khng c li

Chng 5 : Tip xc in
5.1 Khi nim chung v tip xc in
nh ngha :
Phn loi : + Tip xc c nh
+ Tip xc trt
+ Tip xc ct

Loi tip xc : + Tip xc im (cucu)

+ Tip xc ng(trtr)
+ Tip xc mt (phngphng)

5.2 in tr tip xc
Din tch tip xc Stx< S dng in tht li ch tip xc Rtx tng tn hao tng
V l thuyt S tx a 2

F
trong F l lc nn tip xc

Stx tng th F tng v gim (vt liu mm)

R tx
Txmat

2a

Txxi

txduong

5.3 Cc ch lm vic ca tip im

1.Cc thng s ca tip im:
Im , Um,I ng, Ict Nin: s ln ng ct
m: m (mm) khong cch gia tip im nh v ng khng phng in lin quan dn dp h
quang
2
Ptx I m
R tx vi td tdchophep (di hn )
2.Cc ch ct (xc lp)
L ch khoong c dng in i qua tip im I = 0
m ln khng phng in
chng li bi bn ,xi ha cho tip im(IP Cp bo v)
3.Ch ng (xc lp )

I = Im, Rtx = Rtx cui (Ftx cui)

Rtx cui nh utx, tx phi b
Khi ang ng to ra Inm lc in ng khng ln lm
cn hn dnh tip im
+tng Ftx khng c li v tn cng c hc v thit b ln
+Gim xu hng nh hng F

4.Qu trnh ng
Khi c tn hiu ng tip im chuyn ng pha tip im tnh
m gim E tng F ln Phng in (tia la,h quang b)
khi m = 0 ht h quang Ftx=Ftxd <Ftxc
Hin tng rung tip im ng(Theo Newton 3)
Bin rung cc i Xm
Rtx bin thin > R tx cui tip im mn
Thi gian rung tr
gim rung :
+gim mng lm gim thi gian rung
+ gim vn tc (c gii hn)
+ tng Ftxd (tng cng l xo)
+dng vt liu mm
Id=I0 (dng khng ti b) khng c hin tng g
I I m

R tx R txc Ptx ln hm c tnh tip im

Rung
5.Qu trnh ct
Rtxc Rtxd ( ln)
t > 0 2 tip im ri nhau h quang nng chyar b mt bc hikim loi theo h quang tip
im b mn ch yu do h quang khi ct (mn in):
Ict =I0 mn t
Ict =It mn va
Ict =Inm mn ln
mn ph thuc vo dng in ct

5.4 Vt liu tip im

Yu cu : dn in tt ,t0nc cao , Rtx tt , t b n mn ha hc ,t n mn (chu, h quang),sau pht ha
,d gia cng,r
ng : Rtx ln (xi ha,t mn ,cng,chu h quang)sau pht ha,d gia cng ,rkh lp oxi
ha b mt kh i trong qu trnh tip xc c trt trn nhau hoc ng
Ch : Khi tnh nhit U=Umax=1.1 Um
U=Umin cho php
Bc t b oxi ha ,km chu h quang tip im lm vic vi Im

Nhm : oxit bn vng khng lm tip im

Vnfram: nhit nng chy cao dng cho tip im h quang
Kim loi gm : hn hp bt kim loi ,p p sut cao to cc tnh cht vt l thch hp

5.5 Kt cu tip im
+ Kiu cng sn :
Thanh dn
ng

Tip im

l td

Thanh dn tnh

dng cho I 10A

1 pha c 1 ch ct
Khng c bung dp h quang
Nam chm in ht chp lc in t ln
Lc tc dng ln tip im l lc n hi thanh dn
Dng cho rle,Utip im max = 250 V
+ Kiu cu
L xo tip im

ln

Trng thi ng
1 pha 2 ch ct d ct h quang
Truyn dng tnh tin
Khng c dy dn mm
Ch tip xc u , tip xc cui l nh nhau b mt d b r do h quang
1 pha c 2 ch tip xc Ftx ln c cu truyn ng phi khe
Cng tc t n 1000 V
+ Kiu ngn

L xo
tip
im

Tip xc cc ng
1 pha c 1 ch ct v tip xc cui khc ng u tip xc trc lm vic , tip xc sau h
quang pht sinh vng lm vic lm sch tip im
i ln hng trm ,ngn ampe my ct h p
+ Kiu dao
cu dao,dao cch li lin kt ngm ,tip xc mt lm sch phn lm vic v n t b h quang
ng ct khng ti (ng b)Ilv ln h pcao p
+ Kiu i
ng

Nu : + rng mt ct khng kh nn
+ c mt ct chn khng
X l h quang quay gim cc im nng cc b

Tnh

+ Kiu hoa hu
Tr c
i

Tip im ng

Gi l xo
L xo tip im

Tip im tnh
Dy dn
mm

Tip xc ng
Phn tip xc ban u v tip xc lm vic khc nhau
Khi b ngn mch lc in ng khng chng li lc l xo
Dng trong my ct cao p dng in ln
Dng cho cc dng tip xc ngn cho thit b hp b

Chng 6 : Cch in trong kh c in

6.1 Khi nim chung
Gi tr R gia cc vt c U khc nhau
R vt liu cch in to nn
+ Cp cch in (mc chu nhit )
+ Kh nng chu U , tg vi tg l gc tn hao in mi v U l in p chc thng
U
E (V / m)
l
cch in quan trng : th hin tin cy khi lm vic ,gi thnh

6.2 Cc yu t nh hng n cch in

in trng (1)
Nhit
(2)
Lc c hc
(3)
Mi trng
(4)
(1) phng in cc b do vt liu khng ng nht tc i2 khi i xc nh tg
tg

Cch in rn : hn hp
+ Qu in p : U > U m
Nguyn nhn : Do st (qu in p kh quyn)
Thi gian rt b xung rt ln khng dao ng , tt nhanh theo khong cch
U = (chc trm) Um ,phng in b mt
Thit b chng st : sng , van c khe h hay van khng c khe h trc my bin p
gn thit b
U U kq
Do thao tc ng ct ti ln cng hng vi ln Um vi
t t kq
dng cc s gim u do cc thao tc
tng d tr cch in
(2) Nhit cao cch in gim hng
Nhit ca phi cch in tng
(3) Va p ln nt ,rn cch in rn
(4) Bi bn chng bi bn b mt lm g , rnh , mi tng khong cch phng in b mt
6.3 in p th nghim
t vo phn cch in kim tra cch in hng hay khng
in p tn s cng nghip
t thu 1s
k>1 cch in mi nu Um thp k ln v Um cao k b
u thu ku m
Uthp ,d tr ln ph thuc vo bn c v in
in p xung > xung chun du/dt > thi gian xung ( 40 s)
1/2 chu k 50 Hz = 1.102 s Umaz xung > Umax 50 Hz
Th nghim TBD

6.4 Kim tra cch in

U
vi cc dng in cc khc
l
in trng u > E ln
in trng khng u > E gim
Ni tip cc cch in bng vt liu khc , lu hng s in mi ca vt liu

Ufong => E

n tp
Bi tp : chng 1 ( NCD)
Nam chm xoay chiu c vng ngn mch
Sc t ng Imax
Ihdung
L thuyt : chng 2,3,4,5
Xoay chiu (,,B) gi tr max ( bin )

S liu thit k
P = 55kW

cos = 0,97

2p = 4

% = 90

U = 220/380 V

Ma
1,8
M dm
I kt

I dm

6,5

M max
2,2
M dm
XC NH KCH THC CH YU
1.

P= 55 kw
n = 0,9
cos = 0,91
Theo cp cng sut v cos dy 3x chn n= 1500 vong/phut ( 228 )
2.
xc nh chiu cao tm trc 2p = 4 ( 230 )
h = 220 ( mm) , Dn = 39,2 cm
k = 0,64 0,68, chn k = 0, 68
3.
Xc nh D
KD =D/Dn => D= 0,68.33 : 2 = 26,65 ( cm )
4.
Cng sut tnh ton

k E Pdm
.
cos
Chn kf = 0,97( 231 )
0,97 55
P'
.
65,14 (kw )
0,9 0,91
P'

5.

chiu di tnh ton li st Stato

6,1.P .10 7
ls =
.k .k d .A.B .D 2 .n db

= 0,64
lcs = 1,11
chn hd = ( 0,91 0,92) = 0,91
T Dn = 39,2 , 2p = 4 => chn A = 3408 ( A/ cm )
B = 0,77 ( T )
7
6,1.65,14.10
=> ls =
0.64.1,11.0,91.380.0,76.39,2 2.3000
= 9 cm
Chn ls = 18
b, Bc cc
.D .26,65
=

20,9cm
2.p
4
7. H s kinh t
ls
18
=
0,86 => tho mn
20,9
8.Dng in pha nh mc
P.10 3
55.10 3
I=

101,75 ( A )
3U 1 .. cos 3,220.0,9.0,91
THIT K STATO

9.S rnh Stato

Chn q = 4

z1 = 3.2p.q1 = 6.2.4 = 48 rnh

10.Bc rnh Stato
.D .26,65

t1 =
Z1
48
= 1,7 ( cm )
11. S thanh dn tc dng ca 1 rnh
chn s mch nhnh a1 = 42
a 1 .A.t 1 2.380.1,7

Ur1 =
= 13,99
I1
101,75
Chn Ur1 = 124 ( V )
12. S vng dy ni tip 1 pha
U
W1 = p.q. r1 = 2.4 .124 : 2 = 5648 ( vng )
a1
13.Tit din v ng knh dy dn
Chn AJ = 3100 ( A2/ cm. mm2 )
1900
= 5 ( A / mm2 )
380
=> tit din s b dy dn
I
101,75

sdd =
= 2,54 ( mm2 )
J.a 1 .n 1
5.2.4
s si chp n1 = 4
chn loi dy dn ng trn PEN c
dcd = 1,975 ( mm2 )
d = 1,88 ( mm )
14.Kiu dy qun
Chn dy qun bc ngn
Z
48
1
12 rnh
2..p .4
chn y= 10
y 10 5

=> =
Z 12 6
15.H s dy qun

=> J =

5
ky = sin./2 =sin( . ) 0,9659
6 2

15
sin q.
sin 4.
2
2 0,9576
kr =

15
q sin
4. sin
2
2
p.360 360.2

=
= 15
Z1
48
=> kdq = kng.kr = 0,9659 . 0,9576 = 0,925
16.T thng khe h khng kh
k E .U1
0,96.220

0,0187 ( Wb )
=
4.k s .k d .f . W1 4.1,11.0,925.50.5648

17.Mt t thng khe h khng kh

.10 4
0,187.10 4
B =

0,77 ( T )
..l s 0,64.20,9.18,35
18.S b xc nh chiu rng rng
BZ 1

B.l1.t1 0,76.18.1,7

0,8 cm
BZ1 .l1.kc 1,7.0,95

Chn kc = 0,95
BZ 1 = (1,7 1,85 ) = 1,7
19. S b xc nh chiu cao gng Stato
.10 4
0,0183.10 4
'
h g1=

0,8 ( cm )
2.B g1 .l .k c 2.1,5.18.0,95
chn B g1 = (1,45 1,6 ) = 1,5
20.Chn rnh hnh qu l
C
h12 = 1781,78 mm
d1 = 10 mm
h41 = 0,5 mm
d2 = 17 mm

b41 = dcd + 1,5

hr1 =

12,55
h 'g1 = 2,6135 cm = 26,14 mm
2

= 3,4 mm
HINH VE

Chn cch in rnh c chiu dy 0,4 mm

Chon cch in nm c chiu dy 0,5 mm
Din tch rnh tr nm
.(d12 d 22 ) d1 d 2
d
(10 2 15 2 ) 10 15
Sr

(h 12 1 )

(18,8 5) 32,998(mm 2 )
8
2
2
8
2
d 1
Chiu rng ming cac tong nm la
2
Ca tm cch in gia 2 lp ( d1 + d2 )
Din tch rnh tr nm
d
.15
.10
d

S r 2 2. ln 2 (d 1 d 2 ).C 1 .C ' (
2.18,8 10 15).0,4
.0,5
2
2
2
2

= 46,68 mm2
u .n .d 2
14.4.1,895 2
H s lp y rnh k 1 1 cd
0,774
Sr
Sr
21.B rng rng Stato
.(D 2.(h 41 h 12 ))
(266,5 2.(0,5 16,8)
b 'Z1
d 2
15 2,76(mm)
Z1
48

b "Z1

=>

(D 2.h 41 d1)
.(26,65 2.0,5 19)
d1
13 5,6(mm)
Z1
48

b tb

b 'Z1 b "Z1
2

4,18(mm)

22. Chiu cao gng Stato

D D
1
39,2 26,65
1
h gl n
h r1 .d 2
2,68 .1,7 3,94(cm)
2
6
2
6
23.khe h khng kh
D
9
266,5
9

(1 )
(1 ) 0,721(mm)
1200
2p
1200
4
Chn = 0,9 ( mm )
DY QUN RNH GNG STATO
24.S rnh Rt ( 246 )
Chn Z2 = 38
25.ng knh ngoi R
t2 = D'2 = D 2 = 26,65 2 . 0,07 = 26,51 ( cm )
26. Bc rng R
.D ' .26,51
t2

2,19(cm)
Z2
38
27.S b chiu rng rng R
B .t
0,76.2,19
b 'Z 2 2
1(cm)
B Z 2 .k c 1,75.0,95
Ly BZ2 = 1,75
28.Dng knh trc R
Dt = 0,3.D = 0,3.26,65 = 8 ( cm )
29.Dng trong thanh dn R
6 W1 k.d 1
6.56.0,95
790,6 ( A )
0,95.101,75
It = I2 = kI.I1 .
Z2
38
Vi = 0,95 ( A )
30.Dng in trong vnh nm

1
790,6.
2401,6(A)
.p
.2
2. sin
2. sin
Z2
38
31.Tit din thanh dn bng nhm
I
790,6
S 'td cd
263,5 mm2
J2
3
Chn J2 = 3
I v I td

h42

d2

d1
hr2

d41

Dm
D
Dm

= 2,5 ( A / mm )
S.I t 240,6

960,64 ( mm2 )
Sv =
Jv
2,5
33. Chn kch thc s b Roto
chn dnh rnh

32. Chn Jv

HINH VE
b12
h42

hr2

h12
b

D ' D t 26,51 8
h r2

9,255 ( m )
2
2
Chn hr 1 = (25 45 ) mm
Chn hr 2 = 35 mm
b42 = 1,5 mm
h42 = 0,5 m
d = 7 mm
a x b = 25 . 38,4 mm
h12 = hr 2 h42 d = 27,5 ( mm )
34. Din tch rnh R

2
S r2 .d 2 h 12 .d .7 2 27,5.7 231 ( mm )
4
4
35.Din tch vnh nm
a x b = 25.38,4 = 960 ( mm2 )
36.B rng rng 1/3 chiu cao rng
4
4
'

2
.
h

(
h

d
)
265
,
1

2
.
0
,
5

(27,5 7)
42
12

3
3
d .
2 11(mm )
b Z 1 .
2 3
Z2
38

37.chiu cao gng R

D' Dt
1
26,51 8
1
h g2
h.r2 d
3,5 .0.7 5,87(cm)
2
6
2
6
38 Lm nghing rnh R
bn = t1 = 1,7 cm
TNH TON MCH T
39.H s khe h khng kh
t1
k 1
t 1 D1 .S
3,4
b
( )2
( 41 ) 2
0,7
1

2,39
b 41
3,4
5
5
0,7

1,7
k 1
1,109
1,7 2,39.0,07
1,5
b 42 2
( )2
)
0,7
2

0,64
b 42
1,5
5

5
0,7

2,19
k 2
1,02
2,19 0,64.0,07
=> k = k .k 1,109 . 1,02 = 1,131
(

40.Chn thp 2212

41.Sc t ng khe h khng kh
F = 1,6.B . k..104
= 1,6 .0,76.1,131.0,07.104
= 962,7

42.Mt t thng rng Stato

0,76.1,7
B Z1
17(T)
0,8.0,95
43. Cng t thng rng Stato
HZ 1 = 19 ( A / cm )
44. ST trn rng Stato
Fz 1 = 2h'Z 1.HZ 1 = 2 . 2,18.19 = 82,84 ( A )
d
15
2h'Z 1 = hZ 1 2 26,8 21,8 ( mm )
2
3
45.Mt t thng rng R
0,76.2,19
Bz 2 =
1,752(T)
1.0,95
46.Cng t trng trn rng R
HZ 2 = 22,2 ( A/ cm )
47.ST trn rng R
FZ 2 = 2.h 'Z 2 .H Z 2 2.3,26 .22,2 = 144,7 ( A )
d
7
35 32,6(mm)
3
3
48.H s bo ha rng
F FZ1 FZ 2 962,7 82,84 144,7
kZ

1,24
F
962,7
49.Mt t thng trn gng Stato
.10 4
0,0183.10 4
B g1

2h.g 1 .k c .l1 2.3,6.0,95.18

50. Cng t trng trn gng S
H g1 = 10,6
51.chiu di mch t gng Stato
(D n h.g 1 ) (39,2 3,6)
l g1

27,96(cm)
2p
4
52.ST gng R
Fg1 l g1 .H g1 28.10,6 = 296,8 ( A )
h 'Z2 h Z 2

53.Mt t thng trn gng R

.10 4
0,0183.10 4
Bg2

0,911(T)
2h.g 2 .k c .l1 2.5,87.0,95.18
54.Cng t trng gng R
H g 2 2,35 ( A/ cm )
55.Chiu di mch t gng R
(D t h.g 2 ) (8 5,87)
l g2

10,9(cm)
2p
4
56.ST trn gng R
Fg 2 l g 2 .H g 2 2,35 .10,9 = 25,615 ( A )
57. ST tng
F F FZ1 FZ 2 Fg1 Fg 2
= 962,7 + 82,84 + 144,7 + 296,8 + 25,615
= 152,66 ( A )

58.H s bo ha ton mch

F 1512,66
k

1,57
F
962,7
59.Dng in t ha
P.F
2.1512,66
I

22,96(A)
2,7.N1 .k.d 1 2,7.56.0,925
Dng t ha %
I
23,63
I
.100
.100 23,13(%)
I dm
101,75
THAM S CH NH MC
60.Chiu di phn du ni S
l d1 k d1 . y 2.B 1,3.19,19+ 2 = 27 cm

y
kd

(D h r1 )

Z1
1,3 (1,55 )

.y

(26,65 2,68)
.10 19,19
48

61.Chiu di trung bnh vng dy ca dy qun S

ltb = l1 + ld1 = 18 + 27 = 45 ( cm )
62.Chiu di dy qun 1 pha Stato
L1 = 2. ltb.W1 .102 = 2.45.56.102 = 50,4 ( m )
63.in tr tc dng ca dy qun S
L1
1
50,4
r1 75 .
.
0,049 ( )
n 1 .a 1s1 46 4.2.2,54
I
101,75
0,025 ( )
r*1 = r1 . 1 0.054.
U
220
64.in tr tc dng dy qun R
l 2 .10 2
1 18.10 2
r td Al .
.
0,34.10 4 ( )
S r2
23 231
65.in tr vnh nm
l .10 2
1 18.10 2
rv Al . 2
.
0,34.10 4 ( )
S r2
23 231
Dv = D ( a + 1 ) = 266,5 ( 38,4 + 1 )
= 227,1 ( mm )
66.in tr R
2r
8,5.10 7
r2 rtd 2v 0,34.10 4 2.
4,97.10 5 ( )

0,329 2
.p
.2
Vi 2. sin
2. sin
0,329
Z2
38

67.H s qui i
4.m 1 ( W1 .k d1 ) 2 4.3.(56.0,92) 2

838,2
Z2
38
68 .in tr R qui i
r'2 = .r2 = 838,2.4,97.105 = 0,042 ( )

r*2 = 0,042.101,75/ 220 = 0,0194 ( )

69. H s t dn tn Stato
h
b
h
h
r1 1 k (0,785 41 2 4 )k
3b
2b
b b 41
Vi
k' = 0,875
k = 0,906
h1 = hr1 0,1d2 2.c c' = 2,68 0,1.1,5 2.0,04 0,05
= 2,4 ( cm ) = 24 ( mm )
h2 =(d1 / 2 2 . c c' ) = (5 2.0,4 0,5 ) = 3,7
24
3,4 3,4 0,5
r1
.0,906 (0,785

) 0,88
3.10
2.10
10
3,4
70.H s t dn tn tp S
t 1 (q1. kd 1 ) 2 . t1 .b 41
t1 0,9.
1
k .
tra = 0,0062
3,4 2
k 41 1 0,033.
0,968
17.0,7

0,9,1,7(4.0,92) 2 .0,72.0,968
.0,006 0,9327
1,131.0,07
71.H s t tn phn du ni
q
4
5
l d1 0,34. 1 (l d1 0,64..) 0,34. .(27 0,64. .20,9) 1,2328
l .
18
6
72. H s t dn tn
1 r1 t1 d1 1,12 + 1,13 + 1,197 = 3,442
73.in khng dy qun S
l
f W
50 56 2 18
x 1 0,158. 1 ( 1 ) 2 . . 1 0,158.
.(
) .
.3,442 0,17 ( )
100 100 p.q 1
100 100
2.4
101,75
x 1* 0,192.
0,0888
220
74.H s t dn tn rnh R
t1

h
b
h
.b 2 2
r2 1 (1
) 0,66 42 .k 42
8.s c
2.b
b 42
3.b
'
h1 = 35mm
h42 = c d2
b = 75 ( 0,1 +1 ) .7 0,5 = 26,8 ( mm )
Sc = 263,5
k =1
b42 = 1,5
35
.7 2 2
1,5
0,5
r2
(1
) 0,66
2,09
.1
8.263,5
2.7
1,5
3.7
75.H s t dn tn tp R
0,9.t 2 (q 2 .k.d 2 ) 2 t 2 b 42
t2
2
b .
0,0092
2
t 2 Z2
(
k.d 2 ) 2 s t 2 b t 2
0,9 3.2.p
k
38
0,9.2,19.( ) 2 .0,0092
12
t2
1,8
0,07.1,131
76.H s t dn tn phn du ni
2,3.D v
4,7.D v
2,3.22,7
4,7.22,7
d2
lg

. lg
1,233
2
2
a 2.b 38.18.0,329
3,84 2.2,5
Z 2 .l 2 .
Vi = 0,329
77.H s t dn tn do rnh nghing
b
1,7 2
rn 0,5 t 2 .( n ) 2 0,5.2,3.(
) 0,5757
t2
2,19
78.H s t tn Roto
2 r2 t 2 d 2 rn 2,32 + 2,30 + 0,76 + 0,693 = 5,2528
79. in khng tn dy qun Roto
x2 = 7,9.f1 . l2 .2.108 = 7,9.50 .18 . 6,073 . 108 = 0,0003734 ( )
80.in khng R qui i

x'2 = . x2 = 838,2 . 4,317 . 104 = 0,31648

I
101,75
x *2 x '2 . 1 0,316.
0,167 ( )
U1
220
81.in khng h cm
U1 I .x 1 220 21,63.0,192
x 12

0,409 ( )
I
21,63
Tnh theo n v tng i
I
101,75
*
x 12
x 12 . 1 9,98.
4,62 ( )
U1
220
82.Tnh li kE
U I .x
220 101,75.0,19
kE 1 M 1
0,98
U1
220
TNH TN HAO
82.Trng lng rng Stato
Gz1 = Fe . Z1.bZ1.kZ1.l1.kg.103 = 5,51 ( kg )
83.Trng lng gng Stato
G g Fe .l.L.g 1 .2.p.k.c 58,65 ( kg )
84.Tn hao trong li st
PFe' PFeZ1 PFeg1 kgc.PFe Z.B 2Z1 G G1 .10 3 kgc.PFeg1 B 2 g1 .G.g1 .10 3 0,0,599589(kW )
85.Tn hao b mt trn rng R
Pbmr = 0,051102 (kW)
86.Tn hao p mch trn rng R
P = 0,035069 ( kW )
87.Tn hao tng thp
0,68576 ( kW )
88.Tn hao c
0,531284 ( kW )
89. Tn hao khng ti
1,217044 ( kW )