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Cast Irons PDF
Cast Irons PDF
Classification:
According to metallographic structure they are classified
as
(i) White cast iron: All carbon is in the combined form
(ii) Malleable cast iron: Most or all carbon is in
uncombined form, temper carbon.
(iii) Grey cast iron: Most or all carbon is in the form of
graphite flakes.
(iv) Spheroidal graphite (SG) Iron :Carbon is present
as nodules of graphite.
6
5
4
wt % C
3
2
III
Ferritic
grey CI
II
Pearlitic
grey CI
White
CI
0
0
10
wt % Si
The proeuctectoid cementite makes the material hard, wear resistant but
brittle. Hence it has limited applications. Used for Liner of (i) cement
mixers,
(ii) ball mills
(iii) extrusion nozzles.
It is also a raw material for malleable cast iron.
(Si should be less than 1.4%)
Property
Ferritic
Pearlitic
T. S. (MPa)
390
450-700
Y. S. (MPa)
250
280-500
% elongation
15 %
16 %
Hardness
(BHN)
115
160-210
Applications;
Ferritic: Automotive industry, Agriculture, Pipe fittings
Pearlitic: Rolls, pumps, Nozzles, Crank shafts, clamps, wrenches.
Solidification sequence,
L = L + = + eutectic = graphite + pearlite.
Some Fe3C of pearlite also may decompose giving graphite
flakes surrounded by ferrite in a pearlitic matrix. If Si and
C content is too high then matrix will be entirely ferritic
Property
T. S. (MPa)
400-700
Y. S. (MPa)
270-390
% elongation
10-20
Applications:
Crank shafts, cam
shafts, suspension
components,
Railway couplings,
Agricultural
equipment ..etc.