OTN Transporting Ethernet and SONET/SDH

ODU Overhead

OTN Signal Structure

255/236 x 9 953 280 kbps
= 10 754 603.390 kbps

OTL4.4

255/227 x 24 883 200 kbps

= 27 952 493.392 kbps

OTL4.10

255/227 x 9 953 280 kbps

= 11 180 997.357 kbps
3

TCM3
GCC1

TCM5

TCM2
GCC2

Optical Multiplex Unit

Optical Transmission Unit

APS/PCC

RES

3
4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Request/ Protection
Requested signal
Bridged signal
Reserved
state
type
A B D R

Optical Channel
Transport Lanes

MFAS

3825

240

255

1st sub-row

13

SubClause
I.2

4080

Parity
check bytes

240

In the sub-row, 239 bytes are used to calculate the FEC parity check, the result
of which is transmitted in bytes (symbols) 240 to 255 of the same sub-row.

The FEC according to ITU-T G.709 uses a Reed-Solomon RS(255,239) code.

Concatenated or
Non-Concatenated
Concatenated FEC

I.3

Concatenated FEC

I.4

Concatenated FEC

I.5

Concatenated FEC
(Soft decision capable)

255

16th sub-row

101
110
111

I.6
I.7
I.8
I.9

Non-concatenated FEC
Concatenated FEC
Non-concatenated FEC
Concatenated FEC

GCC0

RES

Asynchronous Mapping Procedure (AMP)

Used FEC Code

1 2 3 4 5 6

RES

JC2

JC(1)

JC2

JC(1)

JC2

RES

Outer code: RS(255, 239)

Inner code: CSOC (n0/k0 = 7/6, J = 8)
Outer code: BCH(3860, 3824)
Inner code: BCH(2040, 1930)
Outer code: RS(1023, 1007)
Inner code: BCH(2047, 1952)
Outer code: RS(1901, 1855)
Inner code: Extended hamming
product code (512, 502) x (510, 500)
LDPC code
Two orthogonally concatenated
BCH codes
RS(2720, 2550)
Two interleaved extended BCH
(1020, 988) codes

OTN Type OTU Nominal Bit Rate

ODU Type

ODU Nominal Bit Rate

Example Client Signal

ODU0

1.244160 G

1GE LAN

OTU1

255/238 x 2.488320 G = 2.666057 G

RES

15 16 17
1
2
3
4

Hex code
01
02
03
04
05
06
07

...

22

...

30

8
08
09
0A
0B
0C
0D
0E
0F
10
11
12
13
14
20

NJO2/JC(1)

...

RES JCA
RES JCB
RES NJO2

PJO3

PSI NJO1

PJO1, PJO2

PT
1
Mapping &
Concatenation
specific
255

21
55
66
80 - 8F
FD
FE
FF

JC, NJO, and PJO generation with asynchronous mapping process

ODUflex

Client specific

MAC/IP

ODU1

239/238 x 2.488320 G = 2.498775 G

STS-48/STM-16

JC2

JC1
00
01

OTU1e

255/238 x 10.312500 G = 11.049107 G

ODU1e

239/238 x 10.312500 G = 10.355830 G

10 GE LAN

OTU1f

255/238 x 10.518750 G = 11.270089 G

ODU1f

239/238 x 10.518750 G = 10.562946 G

10 GFC

00

OTU2

255/237 x 9.953280 G = 10.709255 G

ODU2

239/237 x 9.953280 G = 10.037274 G

STS-192/STM-64 WAN

OTU2e

255/237 x 10.312500 G = 11.095730 G

ODU2e

239/237 x 10.312500 G = 10.399525 G

10 GE LAN

OTU2f

255/237 x 10.518750 G = 11.317642 G

ODU2f

239/237 x 10.518750 G = 10.607516 G

10 GFC

OTU3

255/236 x 39.813120 G = 43.018414 G

ODU3

239/236 x 39.813120 G = 40.319219 G

STS-768/STM-256

OTU3e2
OTU4

255/236 x 4 x 10.312500 G = 44.570974576 G

243/217 x 16 x 2.488320 G = 44.583356 G
255/227 x 99.532800 G = 111.809973 G

ODU3e1
ODU3e2
ODU4

239/236 x 4 x 10.312500 G = 41.774364407 G

Reverse request (RR)

0001

Do not revert (DNR)

0000

No request (NR)

Others

Reserved for future

international standardization

No APS channel

APS channel

1+1 (permanent bridge)

1:n (no permanent bridge)

Unidirectional switching

Bidirectional switching

Non-revertive operation

Revertive operation

Null signal

Requested
1254
signal
255
0
Bridged
1254
signal
255

15
16

0 x 00

31
32

BDI
4

BDI

Operator
specific

TCM

T-BERD/MTS-6000A/8000

PM

SM (OTU)

STAT

BDI

BEI/BIAE

STAT

BEI

DAPI

STAT

(according to ITU-T G.709/G.798)

Fault indication codes

Fault
Definition
indication
code

BEI/BIAE

Normal traffic signal 1254

Extra traffic signal
Null signal
Normal traffic signal 1254
Extra traffic signal

4 x ODU2e

239/255 x 243/217 x 16 x
2.488320 G = 41.785969 G

4 x ODU2e

239/227 x 99.532800 G = 104.794446 G

100 GE

Interpretation
Experimental mapping
Asynchronous CBR mapping
Bit synchronous CBR mapping
ATM mapping
GFP mapping
Virtual concatenated signal
1000Base-X into OPU0 mapping
40GBase-R into OPU3
100GBase-R into OPU4
FC-1200 into ODU2e mapping
GFP mapping into extended OPU2 payload
STM-1 mapping into ODU0
STM-4 mapping into ODU0
FC-100 mapping into ODU0
FC-200 mapping into ODU1
FC-400 mapping into ODUflex
FC-800 mapping into ODUflex
Bit stream with octet timing mapping
Bit stream without octet timing mapping
IB SDR mapping into ODUflex
IB DDR mapping into ODUflex
IB QDR mapping into ODUflex
ODU multiplex structure supporting
ODTUkj only (AMP only)
ODU multiplex structure supporting
ODTUk.ts or ODTUk.ts and OTDUjk (GMP capable)
Not available
Not available
Reserved codes for proprietary use
NULL test signal mapping
PRBS test signal mapping
Not available

OTUk SM BEI/BIAE
bits 1, 2, 3, 4

Interpretation

0 ... 8

BIP error

9 ... 15

No BIP error

11

BIAE, no BIP error

0000 0001 Signal fail

0000 0010 Signal degraded
0000 0010 Reserved for

future

international

0000 0010 standardization

The 14-bit C8 value indicates the number of data bytes per frame. C8 = 15232 means
maximum transport capacity and zero stuffing bytes.
Data bytes and stuffing bytes are evenly distributed over the frame.
C1D value is used for one bit timing information when higher granularity is needed.
Clients for which the 8-bit timing information in Cm with m=8 is sufficient
(e.g., 1000Base-X client mapping) will not use C1D, and JC4/5/6 will be all zeros.

00

10

00

11

01

11

NJO1
Just.
byte
Data
byte
Just.
byte
Just.
byte
Data
byte
Just.
byte

NJO2
Just.
byte
Just.
byte
Just.
byte
Just.
byte
Data
byte
Just.
byte

PJO1
Data
byte
Data
byte
Just.
byte
Just.
byte
Data
byte
Just.
byte

PJO2
Data
byte
Data
byte
Just.
byte
Data
byte
Data
byte
Just.
byte

PJO3
Data
byte
Data
byte
Data
byte
Data
byte
Data
byte
Just.
byte

2.5 G time slot

1516 17 ...

Interpretation
No justification (0)
Negative
justification (1)
Double positive
justification (+2)
Positive
justification (+1)
Double negative
justification (2)
Triple positive
justification (+3)

The actual use of these bytes depends on the OTN rate used
* bits used for NJO2

2 3 4 5

C
2
C C
JC2 9 10

JC1 1

C
3
C
11

15 16

17

...

JC4 JC1

...

C
4
C
12

C
5
C
13

C
6
C
14

C
7
I
I

C
8
D
I

14-bit C8
Decrement indicator

...

3824

JC5 JC2 3809 3810

7616

JC6 JC3 7617 7618

11424

RES 1142511426

15232

1
RES

2 3 4 5

6 7 8

D D
1 2
D D
6 7

D D D
3 4 5
D D D
8 9 10

JC5
JC6

JC4

255

2.5 G Tributary Slots

OPU2

OPU3

1
2
3
4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

OTU-SM
SM-BIP-8

SM bit-interleaved parity

SM-BEI

SM backward error indication

OTU-AIS
SM-BDI
SM-IAE
SM-BIAE

OTU alarm indication signal

SM backward defect indication
SM incoming alignment error
SM backward incoming alignment error

Mismatch of the recovered and computed

BIP-8 covers the OPU and payload
SM byte 3, bits 1 to 4:
value 0 to 8:
BIP error count
value 9 to 15:
No BIP errors
value 11:
BIAE active
PN-11 sequence covers complete OCh
SM byte 3, bit 5 = 1 5 frames
SM byte 3, bit 6 = 1 5 frames
SM byte 3, bits 1 to 4 = 1011 3 frames

ODU-PM
PM-BIP-8

PM BIP error

PM-BEI

PM backward error indication

ODU-AIS

ODU AIS

ODU-OCI
ODU-LCK

ODU open connection indication

ODU locked defect

PM-BDI

PM backward defect indication

ODU-TCM
TCMi-BIP-8

TCM BIP

TCMi-BEI

TCM backward error indication

TCMi-BDI
TCMi-BIAE

TCM backward defect indication

TCM backward incoming alignment error

API
AMP
APS/PCC

BEI
BIAE

Client-specific
10-bit C1D

BIP-8

ODU0
ODU1
ODU2

AMP (PT=21) GMP (PT=21)

OPU3

OPU4

AMP (PT=21)

AMP (PT=21) GMP (PT=21)

AMP (PT=21)

AMP (PT=21) GMP (PT=21)

ODU2e

ODU3

ODUflex

GMP (PT=21)

EXP
FTFL

GMP (PT=21) GMP (PT=21)

AMP (PT=21) AMP (PT=21)

GMP (PT=21) GMP (PT=21)

backward error indication and

backward incoming alignment error

bit-interleaved parity
The BIP-8 (8 bit) is computed over the
whole OPU and payload and is inserted
into the BIP-8 SM byte two frames later.

CRC-5

OPU2

Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem
FEC coding scheme
backward defect indication

Signals carrying information on

interleaved-bit blocks detect an error
upstream.

1.25 G Tributary Slots

OPU1

access point identifiers

asynchronous mapping procedure
automatic protection switching/
protection communication channel

BDI = 1 indicates OTUk backward defect

BDI = 0 otherwise

BMP
CSOC
DAPI

... 3824

FAS (bytes 3, 4 and 5) are errored for 5 frames

If OOF persists 3 ms
MFAS numbers errored for 5 frames
If OOM persists 3 ms

BDI

... 3824

1 2 3 4

out of frame
loss of frame
out of multiframe
loss of multiframe

BCH

OPU0 payload (4 3808 bytes)

PT

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

OOF
LOF
OOM
LOM

Up to eight levels of nested APS/PCC

signals may be present in this field.

1.25 G time slot

1516 17 ...

Detection Criteria

Increment indicator
3808

OPU0 OH
0
1
2

Alarm/Error

Mismatch of the recovered and computed

BIP-8 covers the OPU and Payload
PM byte 3, bits 1 to 4:
value 0 to 8:
BIP error count
value 9 to 15:
No BIP errors
PM byte 3, bits 6 to 8 = 111 3 frames and
ODU except FTFL filled with All-1s
PM byte 3, bits 6 to 8 = 110 3 frames and
ODU filled with 0110 0110 ODU
PM byte 3, bits 6 to 8 = 101 3 frames and
ODU filled with 0101 0101
PM byte 3, bit 5 = 1 5 frames
Mismatch of the recovered and computed
BIP-8 covers the OPU and payload
TCM byte 3, bits 1 to 4:
value 0 to 8:
BIP error count
value 9 to 15:
No BIP errors
value 11:
BIAE active
TCM byte 3, bit 5 = 1 5 frames
TCM byte 3, bits 1 to 4 = 1011 3 frames

Glossary

6 7 8

CRC-8

JC3

PSI

Abbreviation

0000 0000 No fault

Generic Mapping Procedure (GMP)

1
2
3
4

ONT Family

Detection Criteria

PM & TCM

63

To learn more, visit www.jdsu.com/ont

Note: Specifications, terms and conditions are subject to change without notice.
2012 JDS Uniphase Corporation. All rights reserved. 30162879 506 0812 OTN.PO.LAB.TM.AE

BEI/BIAE

SAPI

Time slot structure (e.g., OTU2)

00

OTU3e1

0010

Payload type code points (PT)

OTU/ODU Types and Capacity

Wait-to-restore (WTR)
Exercise (EXER)

0 x 00

14

ITU-T G.975.1 defines additional FEC schemes, called Super-FEC

FEC

Information bytes

100

See ODU - TCMi/PM/SM

FEC corrects and detects errors in an optical link.

Information bytes

12

0x00

Forward Error Correction (FEC)

Parity
check bytes

SM

11

011

Justification bytes JC1/JC2, NJO2/JC(1), and PJO1/PJO2/PJO3 are required for AMP.
For BMP, all JC(1)s are 0, NJO(1) is a justification byte, and PJO(1) is a data byte.

0xFF

32

10

reserved for future international

standardization
normal path signal
reserved for future international
standardization
reserved for future international
standardization
reserved for future international
standardization
maintenance signal: ODUk-LCK
maintenance signal: ODUk-OCI
maintenance signal: ODUk-AIS

001
010

0110
0100

0
1

The OPU OH regulates the mapping and concatenation of the client signals and provides information on the type of signal transported.
Payload structure identifier (PSI): a 256 byte multiframe signal. The PSI[0] contains payload type (PT) information.
Mapping and concatenation: PSI[1] to PSI[255] are mapping and concatenation-specific.

MFAS byte

FAS byte 1 FAS byte 2 FAS byte 3 FAS byte 4 FAS byte 5 FAS byte 6
0xF6
0xF6
0xF6
0x28
0x28
0x28

Overhead + Client

Status

000

Signal fail (SF)

Signal degrade (SD)
Manual switch (MS)

OPU Overhead

For further description, please refer to the optical

channel data unit (ODU).

16 17

101
110
111

OTM-0.mvn
(e.g., 100GBase-LR4)

Status
no source TC
in use without IAE
in use with IAE
reserved for future international
standardization
reserved for future international
standardization
maintenance signal: ODUk-LCK
maintenance signal: ODUk-OCI
maintenance signal: ODUk-AIS

100

Lets users support section monitoring (SM).

OTU 1
row 1 4

000
001
010
011

OTU Overhead

FAS

TCM byte 3,
bits 6, 7, 8

1100
1010
1000

255
A

PM byte 3,
bits 6, 7, 8

Forced switch (FS)

RES

Operator 138
specific

Lockout of protection (LO)

1110

BIP-8i

RES RES

127

128
Fault
indication
Operator 129
identifier 137

1111

TTIi

RES RES

Operator
specific

9
10

Description

RES

Operator
identifier

Value

RES

EXP

0
1

Field

RES

Frame Alignment Signal (FAS)

FTFL

Fault
indication

RES

n * OTM-0.m
(e.g., ribbon cable)
n = number of wavelengths m = list of supported bit rates in the OTM (e.g., m = 12 = OTU1 and OTU2)

PM

14

ODUk PM status interpretation

Optical
Channel
Carriers

OTM-0.m

13

OChr-n

OSC

OTM-nr.m

12

TCM4

TCM1

ODUk TCM status interpretation

OTM-n.m

OChr
Payload

11

CSF

OChr Payload

OChr
Payload

10

Protection type

OChr
Payload

OTLk.n

Optical Transport Modules

Optical
Transmission
Section

OCh Payload

OTM Overhead

Non-associated OH

OCh
OH

OTLk.n

TCM6

OTLk.n

DMT1
DMT2
DMT3
DMT4
DMT5
DMT6
DMp
RES

RES

PM & TCM
TCM ACT

PM/SM/TCMi (i = 1...6)

Field values for APS channel

API

FTFL

Request/state

k: supported bit rate (1: 2.7 G; 2: 11 G; 3: 43 G; 4: 112 G)

n: number of wavelengths
r: reduced functionality (i.e., no non-associated overhead is used)

FEC

ODUk TC
OTUk Section

Column #

Forward direction

ODUk
OH

OTLk.n

Optical
Multiplex
Section

Lets users support path monitoring (PM), tandem connection monitoring (TCM),
and automatic protection switching (APS).

OTLk.n multiplexes OTUk signals onto n lanes.

Each lane is transmitted via one lambda on a single
fiber or an individual fiber.

OTUk
OH
Optical Channel

OTL3.4

Backward direction

ODUk Path

Client

OPUk
OH

OTL nominal bit rate

Row #

Information Structure

Layers

OTL type

GMP (PT=21)

GMP (PT=21) GMP (PT=21)

FEC
GMP
GCC0

bit-synchronous mapping procedure

convolutional self-orthogonal code
destination access point identifier
Contains information regarding the
country of origin, network operator,
and administrative details.
Reserved for further experimental use.

GCC1, GCC2 general communication channels

Fields that allow communication between
two NEs.

JC
LDPC
NJO

justification control
low-density parity check
negative justification opportunity
operator-specific
For operator-specific use.

ODUk

optical channel data unit k

OPUk

optical channel payload unit k

OTL

optical channel transport lane

OTM

optical transport module

OTS

optical transmission section

OTUk

optical channel transport unit k

PM

path monitoring
Monitors particular sections
within the network and fault location.

PJO
RES

positive justification opportunity

RS

Reed-Solomon
FEC coding scheme
source access point identifier
status

SAPI
STAT

Reserved for future international standardization. All bytes are set to 0s.

Three bits indicate the presence of

maintenance signals.

fault type and fault-location channel

A 256-byte multiframe signal providing
fault status information regarding type
and location of the fault.

TCM

forward error correction

generic mapping procedure
general communication channel

TCM/ACT

Two bytes that allow communication

between section end points.

TTI

tandem connection monitoring

Enables signal management across multiple
networks.

TCM activation/deactivation
Byte field used to activate and deactivate
TCM fields. For future standardization.

trail trace identifier

The 64-byte multiframe TTI signal is similar
to the J0 byte in SONET/SDH.