Signal Integrity Analysis in Static Timing Analysis

1/24/2015
WhatisCrossTalkanalysis/SignalIntegrityanalysisinStaticTimingAnalysis?Technology@Tdzire
Technology@Tdzire
STA, TECHNOLOGY
WHAT IS CROSS TALK ANALYSIS / SIGNAL

INTEGRITY ANALYSIS IN STATIC TIMING
ANALYSIS ?
DECEMBER 8, 2012 | GAYATHRI | 12 COMMENTS
Let me explain here the basics of Cross talk analysis /Xtalk analysis based on primetime as
the STA tool.
Crosstalk is the undesirable phenomenon, caused by the cross coupling capacitance between
metal wires in a chip. When the technology shrinks, the effect of coupling capacitance also
increases. Please refer to my other post on coupling capacitance for the same.
Imagine two metal wiresW1andW2. The signal which is passing throughW2can get
affected by the electrical interference of the signal which is passing through W1. Here we
tell W1as the aggressor andW2as the victim. We can think of two main effects of cross
coupling capacitance here.
1. When W2signal is having a transition, this transition time can be affected by the signal
transition at W1. If the transition at W1is in the same direction as W2signal transition, it
http://tech.tdzire.com/whatiscrosstalkanalysissignalintegrityanalysisinstatictiminganalysis/
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will make W2signal transition faster. If the transition at W1is in the opposite direction as
W2signal transition, it will make W2signal transition slower. ie, the net delays of the
victim net will change with respect to the signal transition in the aggressor net. This
should be taken care in the timing analysis for proper timing closure. But keep in mind,
that the victim net will get affected, only if the transitions in both the nets happen in the
same timing window. Also the delay change in the victim depends on the type of
transition (rise or fall) in the aggressor net.See the below figures for more understanding.
2. When W2is having a constant signal, and when W1signal is having a transition, it
produces a spike at the W2signal. This glitch is called crosstalk noise. This is
alsoreferredto as bump violation.This glitch if wide and large enough, can get
propagated through the logic, and can create logical failure. The bump violations in clock
network should be totally under control. Refer to the below figure for Xtalk noise.
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How to fix the Crosstalk violations ?

These crosstalk violations can be fixed either by upsizing (increasing the drive strength) of
the victim, or by downsizing (decreasing the drive strength) of the aggressor. Noise/Bump
violations can be fixed by changing the spacing between the nets at the physical design
stage.
Some notes on PTSI

Signal integrity comes as an added feature of primetime as primetime SI. If you enable the
switch si_enable_analysis you can analyse the crosstalk effects. If you enable crosstalk
primetime will by default do the timing in on chip variation mode. We need to read the spef
which contains the coupling capacitance information into PTSI with the command
read_parasitics keep_capacitive_coupling
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PTSI will calculate the delay changes in the nets due to the cross coupling and will dump the
timing reports incorporating these. report_timing crosstalk_delta will provide the delay
change value, due to the aggressor nets in the timing reports. You can declare the number of
iteration cycles to calculate the arrival window of the aggressor nets. PTSI as the first
iteration, assumes that the aggressor nets can toggle any time in a timing window. This
isreferredto as the infinite arrival window of the nets. This gives the most impact on the
victim nets and this analysis isunnecessarilypessimistic. But this first iteration consumes
very less time. For the second iteration it calculates the net delays and more accurately
calculates the arrival window of aggressor nets. This consumes more time, but will be less
pessimistic. Idealy with 2 iteration cycles PTSI gives good result on signal integrity.
How do setting the clock group relationship affect the crosstalk analysis in
PTSI/PrimeTimeSI?
You can set the clock group relationships as
1. Asynchronous Means the clocks are totally asynchronous to each other. So for crosstalk
analysis the infinite window arrival is considered between these two. ie, aggressor can
change any time in the timing window.
2. Physically exclusive Means both the clocks will not be physically present at the same
time. So for crosstalk analysis, the effects between these two clocks are neglected.
3. Logically exclusive Means both the clocks can be present physically at the same time,
but logically theydonthave interactions with each other. ie, timing paths between these
clock groups are not valid. But crosstalk effects are computed as normal.
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12Comments
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Jointhediscussion
tdzire 2yearsago
Couplingcapacitancecanbeformedthatwaytoo.Butitwon'tbethat
prominentasbetweenthewiresinthesamelayer.Betweendifferent
metallayers,theinterfacingareawillbelessduetotheorthogonal
structureandthedistancebetweenlayersalsoismore.
Gayathri
1
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5/7
1/24/2015
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pavanrocks 2yearsago
canweuseShieldingtoreducethecrosstalkeffect..andwhiledoingshieldingweputtwometal
wiresparallelaroundthenettowhichwewanttodoshieldingandweconnectthetwowiresto
eitherVDDorVSS,InwhichcaseweshuduseVDDorVSS,basedonwatconsiderationswe
selecteitherVDDorVSS....Ihopeyougotmyquestion..
Reply Share
tdzire>pavanrocks 2yearsago
Yes,shieldingisdoneforreducingcrosstalknoise.Aspermy
understanding,VssismorestablethanVddandtheshieldinglines
shouldbeconnectedtoVss.
Reply Share
pavanrocks>tdzire 2yearsago
hellomam..canyouexplainmethepurposeofendcapcells,decapcellsandfiller
cels..fromwerdodeytakethisandwatstheirfuntionality
Reply Share
tdzire 2yearsago
YesCrosstalkeffectscantakeplacebetweenanymetallayersorinthesamemetallayeritself.
Butitseffectisprominentwhenitisinthesamelayer.
Reply Share
pavanrocks>tdzire 2yearsago
thanksmamfortheclarification
Reply Share
pavanrocks 2yearsago
helloguysihavegonethroughthepostitgivesgoodinformation,asmalldoubt,weatherthe
crosstalkeffectstakesplacebetweensamemetallayersordifferntmetallayersorboth..
Reply Share
Manohar 2yearsago
Hello,Ihaveaquestionaboutcouplingcapacitanceagain....willthecapacitancebeformed
betweenanymetallayers??ForexamplecanitbeformedbetweensimilarmetallayersM1M1.I
understanditcanbeformedbetweendifferentmetallayersM1M2,M2M3etc...Alsocanthe
capacitanceformedbetweenM1M5M2M6likethat?
Reply Share
Manohar 2yearsago
ThankYou
Reply Share
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Gayathri 2yearsago
Whencapacitanceincrease,thetimetogetchargedanddischargedwillincrease.Hencethe
transitiongetsaffectedtothatextend.
Reply Share
Manohar 2yearsago
HelloGayathri,
Thanksforthepost.Iunderstandtheconceptofcrosstalkanalysis,butijustwantedtoknowhow
doesthecouplingcapacitancemakethetransitionofthevictimfasterorslower?Canyouplease
tellmetheconceptbehindtheeffectofcapacitance.
Reply Share
HavishaTiruvuri 2yearsago
thanksforpostingtechnologyblogs
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1/24/2015

WHAT IS CROSS TALK ANALYSIS / SIGNAL

How to fix the Crosstalk violations ?

Some notes on PTSI

STATIC TIMING ANALYSIS

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