Eje Neutro y Diagrama de Tensiones en Bases PDF

EJE NEUTRO Y DIAGRAMA DE
TENSIONES EN BASES
Profesor:
Ing. Daniel E. Weber
J.T.P.:
Ing. Sebastin Romero
Cimentaciones U.T.N. Facultad Regional Santa Fe 2009

E-Mail: cimentacionesutn@yahoo.com.ar
Eje Neutro en Bases:
max
Clculo de Tensiones por el Mtodo de Pohl:

Caso I: Toda la seccin comprimida, excentricidad dentro de Ncleo Central
ey
3
a
a/2
a/6
Datos:
Wx [m ] = 1.333
a/3
Wy [m ] = 1.333
a[m] = 2.00
b[m] = 2.00
a/6 [m] = 0.3333
b/3
N
ey
b/6
b/6 [m] = 0.3333
ex < a/6
ey < b/6
ex
b/6
ex
[m] = 0.1666
[m] = 0.1666
ey < [(-b/a) e x + (b/6)] [m] = 0.1667

ex / a = 0.08
ey=(-b/a) e x +(b/6)
ey / b = 0.08
=[1+(6 e x/a)+(6 e y/b)]=
2.00
N[ton]= 48.89
2
Verificacin
A[m ]= 4.00
2
1=
m ax [t/m ]=
24.44
2
3=
m in[t/m ]=
0.00
2
2[t/m ]=
12.22
2
4[t/m ]=
12.22
2
m edio [t/m ]=
12.22
N = m edio A [ton]= 48.89
1=m ax
[t/m 2] =(N
)/A= 24.44

Coeficientes de POHL en funcion de las excentricidades relativas
eY / b
eX / a
0.38
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.40
0.38
0.36
0.34
37.5
31.25
26.78
23.44
31.25
26.04
22.32
19.53
26.78
22.32
19.13
16.74
23.44
19.53
16.74
14.65
20.83
17.36
14.88
13.02
0.32
20.83 17.36 14.88 13.02 11.57 10.42
0.30
18.75 15.62 13.39 11.72 10.42 9.365 8.523 7.812 7.211 6.687 6.226
0.28
17.04
0.26
0.24
15.62 13.02 11.16 9.766 8.681 7.812 7.102 6.51 6.009 5.573 5.189 4.842 4.528 4.243 3.983 3.743 3.523 3.318 3.128 2.948 2.778
14.42 12.02 10.3 9.014 8.013 7.211 6.556 6.009 5.547 5.145 4.789 4.47 4.18 3.917 3.676 3.455 3.252 3.063 3.887 2.721 2.564
0.22
13.37 11.15 9.553 8.359
0.20
0.18
12.45 10.38 8.895 7.783 6.918 6.226 5.66 5.189 4.789 4.444 4.137 3.863 3.615 3.389 3.183 2.993 2.818 2.655 2.502 2.359 2.222
11.62 9.684 8.3 7.263 6.456 5.81 5.282 4.842 4.47 4.147 3.863 3.608 3.378 3.179 2.979 2.803 2.64 2.488 2.346 2.211 2.083
0.16
10.87 9.057 7.763 6.793 6.038 5.434
0.14
10.18 8.486 7.274 6.365 5.658 5.092 4.629 4.243 3.917 3.636 3.389 3.169 2.972 2.793 2.629 2.478 2.337 2.206 2.081
1.96
1.84
0.12
9.558 7.965 6.827 5.974
0.10
8.985 7.487 6.417 5.615 4.991 4.492 4.084 3.743 3.455 3.202 2.993 2.803 2.632 2.478 2.336 2.204
0.08
8.445 7.046 6.039 5.284 4.697 4.227 3.843 3.523 3.252 3.019 2.818
0.06
7.964 6.637 5.689 4.978 4.425 3.982
0.04
7.506 6.255 5.362 4.691
0.02
7.076 5.896 5.054 4.422 3.931 3.538 3.216 2.948 2.721 2.527 2.359 2.211 2.082
1.96
0.00
6.667 5.556 4.762 4.167 3.704 3.333
1.84
12.17 10.65
Redimensione
9.47
7.43
5.31
4.17
0.28
0.24
0.22
18.75 17.04 15.62 14.42

15.62 14.2 13.02 12.02
13.39 12.17 11.16 10.3
11.62 10.65 9.766 9.014
13.37
11.15
9.553
8.359
9.47
0.26
8.681 8.013
7.43
8.523 7.748 7.102 6.556 6.079
0.20
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
12.45 11.62 10.87 10.18 9.558

10.38 9.684 9.057 8.486 7.965
8.895 8.3 7.763 7.274 6.827
7.783 7.263 6.793 6.365 5.974
8.985
7.487
6.417
5.615
8.445
7.046
6.039
5.284
7.964
6.637
5.689
4.978
7.506
6.255
5.362
4.691
7.076
5.896
5.054
4.422
6.667
5.556
4.762
4.167
6.918 6.456 6.038 5.658
4.991 4.697 4.425
4.17
5.66
0.18
5.81
5.282
6.687 6.079 5.573 5.145 4.773 4.444 4.147
4.94
4.528
4.18
3.88
0.16
0.14
y ey / b
0.40
14.2
0.30
eX / a
5.31
4.94
3.88
4.629 4.345 4.084 3.843
3.62
3.412 3.216
3.03
3.636 3.413 3.202 3.019 2.844 2.681 2.527 2.381
3.615 3.378 3.165 2.972 2.795 2.632 2.481
4.779 4.345 3.983 3.676 3.413 3.183 2.979 2.795 2.629 2.477 2.336 2.205
2.207 2.082
1.96
2.08
1.96
1.84
1.72
1.96
1.84
1.72
1.6
2.08
1.96
1.84
1.72
7.6
1.48
2.08
1.96
1.84
1.72
1.6
1.48
1.36
3.753 3.412 3.128 2.887 2.681 2.502 2.346 2.207 2.081
1.96
1.84
1.72
1.6
1.48
1.36
1.24
1.84
1.72
1.6
1.48
1.36
1.24
1.12
1.72
1.6
1.48
1.36
1.24
1.12
3.03
3.318 3.063 2.844 2.655 2.488
2.778 2.564 2.381 2.222 2.083
2.481 2.337 2.205
2.08
2.34
2.206
3.62
2.64
3.931 3.704
5.434 5.092 4.779 4.492 4.227 3.982 3.753 3.538 3.333
2.34
1.96
= 1 + 6 ea + 6 * eb
X
1(Mx.)
N N ex N ey
= 24,44Tn / m2
= +
+
A
Wy
Wx
3(Mn.)
N N ex N ey
=
= 0,00Tn / m2
A
Wy
Wx
N N ex N ey
2 =
+
= 12,22Tn / m2
A
Wy
Wx
N N ex N ey
4 = +
= 12,22Tn / m2
A
Wy
Wx

Caso II: La excentricidad sale de Ncleo Central, pero dentro de la elipse.
La zapata se despega, pero ms de la mitad de la base se apoya en el suelo.
a [m] = 6.00
ex<a/3 [m] = 2.00

Limites de la elipse
b [m] = 3.00
ey<b/3 [m] = 1.00
Para que e y= 0 es necesario
ex=a/3 [m] = 2.00
Verificacin
e X + eY

a b
2
=
1
9
1 eX
eY = b 9
a
2
=
2
0.00
REDIMENSIONAR
b/6
ey
b/3
b
2
Si
eY = 0
m as de la m itad
del rea de
fundacion
se apoya
1 eY
e X = a 9 = 2.00
b
ex
b/3
Mas de m itad
rea fundacin
despegada
b/6
4
a/3
a/2
a
a/6
Casos de carga N, sobre la elipse:

La carga N, se ubica sobre el eje Y, el eje neutro es paralelo al eje X
Y
1
2
ex =0 N
m as de la m itad
del rea de
fundacion
se apoya
ey =b/3
X
n
b/3
b/6
3

La carga N, se ubica sobre el eje X, el eje neutro es paralelo al eje Y
Y
ex =a/3
mas de la mitad
del rea de
fundacion
se apoya
N
X
ey =0
b/3
b/6
3
a/3
a
a/6

La carga N, se ubica sobre el la elipse, el eje neutro tiene una inclinacin
Y
ex
2
1
N
mas de la mitad
del rea de
fundacion
se apoya
ey
X
b/3
b/6
n
3
a/3
a
a/6
Anlisis de casos de carga N sobre la fundacin:

Si la carga N, se ubica dentro del Ncleo Central, toda la seccin de apoyo
estar comprimida.
Si la carga N, se ubica dentro de la elipse, ms de la mitad de la seccin de
apoyo estar comprimida.
mas de la mitad de la seccin de apoyo comprimida
2B/3
Coeficiente de seguridad al vuelco >= 1.5
Y
B/3
B/3
L/3
ex
B

si e x = 0
ey
L

ey =
1
9
2
L = L
9
3
L/3
L/6
2L/3
L/3
L/6
L/3
L/3
B/6
B/3
B/3
B/3
Toda la seccin de apoyo comprimida

B
si e y = 0
ex =
2
B = B
9
3

CASO 1:
2B/3
eB > B/6
Y
B/3
eL > L/6
B/3
Fuera de NC
L/3
L/3
L/6
2L/3
L/3
L/6
NC
L/3
L/3
B/6
B/3
B/3
B/3
Caso 1
eB > B/6
Ubicacin de la carga normal al plano de cimentacin
eL > L/6
B1
eB
n
YG
Datos de la cimentacin
que se pueden cambiar
XG
xG =
B [m] = 6.00
L [m] = 9.00
eB [m] = 1.50
N total [ton] = 100
L1
L/6
L
NC
B/6
B/2
B1
90
L1
L1 L
Y G = = eL
3 2
eL [m] = 2.00
L/2
eL
B1 B
= eB
3
2
pm ax
B1 B
=
eB
3
2
B1 =
3
B 3 e B = 4.5
2
L1 L
= eL
3 2
L1 =
3
L 3 eL =
2
p max =
7.5
2
3 Total
= 8.89 ton/m
B1 L1
Verificacin
3
Vol pirmide [m ] =
B 1 L 1 p max
1
= Total =
3
100

CASO 2:
2B/3
0 < eB < B/6
Y
B/3
B/3
L/6 <eL<L/2
Fuera de NC
L/3
L/3
L/6
2L/3
L/3
L/6
NC
L/3
L/3
B/6
B/3
B/3
B/3
Caso 2
Xn =
B L1
= 2.00
L1 L 2
0 < eB < B/6

Ubicacin de la carga normal al plano de cimentacin
L/6 <eL<L/2
eB
YG
eL
L/6
L/2
2 B L 2 + B L1
3 (L1 + L2 )
xG =
L1 = Yn
L2
XG
L1 + 2 L1 L 2
YG =
3 (L1 + L 2 )
2
n
L
NC
B/6
y eL =
eB [m] = 0.15
eL [m] = 0.30
N total [ton] = 10
(X n B ) L
Xn
YG
0.6
2
+ 2 L1 L 2
= L1
= 0.45
3 (L1 + L 2 )
Xn
90
90
p
-1.20
pmax
L2
Verificaciones
2 B L2 + B L1
=
xG =
3 (L1 + L2 )
= 27.1 p = p max ( X n B ) = 6.77

Xn
eB/B = 0.10
3 * B 0 .5 =
B
L1 = ?
L2 = ?
e

L1 3 B 0.5 + 1

B
1.125 L 2 =
= 0.281
eB
3 0 .5 + 2
B
( X n L1)
B/6 = 0.25
L/6 = 0.25
2
+ (2 L1 L 2 )
eL
= 0.5 L1
L
3 (L1 + L2 ) L
L
YG
2
6 total
p max =
Datos auxiliares
eB = 0.5 (2 L2 + L1)
B
3 (L1 + L 2 )
B
xG
2
eL
0 .5 L
=
L1 =
eB
0 .5
B/2
Datos de la cimentacin
que se pueden cambiar
B [m] = 1.50
L [m] = 1.50
y eB =
B
eB = X G =
2
eL =
L
Y
2
L1
0.15
= 0.3
(X
)2
Xn
pmax n B L2 = 10
Total= pmax L1
6
6 X n

CASO 3:
B/6 <eB < B/2
2B/3
Y
B/3
0 < eL < L/6
B/3
Fuera de NC
L/3
L/3
L/6
2L/3
L/3
L/6
NC
L/3
L/3
B/6
B/3
B/3
B/3
Caso 3
Verificacin
0.1666 < e
B/6 <eB < B/2
0 < eL < L/6
B [m] = 6.00
< 0.5
eB [m] = 2.00
< 0.1666
XG =
L [m] = 9.00
YG =
eL [m] = 1.00
N total [ton] = 10
B
eB =
2
L
eL =
2
2
+
+ 2
= B 2 B 1 B 2 B 1 =1.00
3 (B 1 + B 2 )
XG
3.5
L (2 B 2 + B1)
=
3 (B1 + B 2 )
YG =
3.5
B1
XG
eB
L/3
G
NC
eL
eB
= 0.33 n
B
B/3
B2 L
B1 B 2
B2
90
B2
90
X=
n
= 3 (0.5 L e L ) =
10.50
= 3 (0 . 5 B e B ) =
3.00
( + 1 )
=
=
2
1 + +
0.58
B1
B2 /3
B/6
5.00
B1 /
L/2
B2 L +
=
B1 B 2
2.90
2 L
=
=
L
eL
= 0.11
L
YG
L/6
B1 = B 2 =
B/6 = 1.00
L/6 = 1.50
B/2
pm ax
N total
2.25
L (2 B 2 + B1)
eL
= 0.5
L
3 (B1 + B 2 )
eL
= 0.5 Y G
L
eB
= 0 .5 X
B
2
2
eB
B + B B + B
= 0.5 2 1 2 1
B
3(B1 + B2)
B [m] = 6.00
L [m] = 9.00
B1
B2
eB [m] = 2.00
eL [m] = 1.00
B1 [m] =
B2 [m] =
X [m] =
L+ X =
(L+ X)2 =
B1 /3
N total [ton] = 10
L
p
0.97
B1
2.90
0.58
2.25
11.25
126.6
L cos = 8.70
B2 /3
pm ax
B2
X =
90
B1 /3
90
B2 L
B1 B 2
p
3.50
B2 /3
0.194
max =
p max B1 L
6
p B2 X
p=
XG =
N total
p max X
total =
L+ X
( pmax L) + (2 p L)
3 ( pmax + p)
= 3.5
X
p max B 1 L
p
B X
max
2
6
L + X
6
2
6 total = p max B1 L X B 2
L+ X
p max =
6 max
= 2.32
2
X
B2
B1 L
L+ X
sen = (B 2 / X) =
p=
0.25806452
p max X
L+ X
0.46
= 14.96
max =
p max B1 L
6
p B2 X
= 10.00
6
pm ax

CASO 4:
2B/3
eB < B/6
Y
B/3
eL < L/6
B/3
Fuera de NC
L/3
L/3
L/6
2L/3
L/3
L/6
NC
L/3
L/3
B/6
B/3
B/3
B/3
Caso 4
B/6
A >(D/2-B/3
B/3
B
B/3
n
B/3
B/3
B/3
B/6
1+ 2
f = J nn =
sn n 3 + 4
A >(D/2-B/3) Dentro de la elipse de inercia
c
Traccin no
colaborante
f
A
v
n
D/2
4
2
D + D *v D
=
J nn 288 4 3
D
D/3
D/6
S nn
n
D/2
x G=v-(D/3)
G Triang
v
n
2
D
= D v
2
4
3
v - D/2
D/2
xG
a/2
(D-v)
XG
2(D-v)
GTrap
h (3 b ) (2 a )
xG =
3 (2 b ) + a
a/2
6 b2 + 6 b a + a 2
36 (2 b + a )
gg
= h3
h
D
v
2 2 (D v ) + 2 D
XG =
3
2 (D v ) + D
v
n
F = [D + 2 (D v )]
2
D
D
6 [2 * (D v)]2 + 24 (D v) v + 2 v
2
2
v
Jg g =
2
36 4 (D v) + 2 v
2
S nn = F X G
2
J n n = J g g + F X G 4
f =
J nn
nn
1+ 4
2+3

CASO 5:
2B/3
eB < B/6
Y
B/3
eL < L/6
B/3
Dentro de NC
L/3
L/3
L/6
2L/3
L/3
L/6
NC
L/3
L/3
B/6
B/3
B/3
B/3
Caso 5
CASO 5
eB < B/6
eL < L/6
Y
B/2
1
4
eB
L/3

eL eB

6 eL 6 eB
+ M X + MY =
+
+
=
+
+
3
3
3
LB
B L W X WY B L B L
BL
B L2
B L
12
12
L
B
B [m] = 6.00
2
2
L [m] = 9.00
1 =
eB [m] = 0.50
eL [m] = 0.50
L/2
N
L/6
eL
N [ton] = 50.00
B/6 = 1.00
L/6 = 1.50
eL/L = 0.06
eB/B = 0.08
1 + 6 eL + 6 eB =
BL
L
B
1.7
2 =
e
e
1 6 L + 6 B =
B L
L
B
1.08
3 =
e
e
1 6 L 6 B =
B L
L
B
0.15
4 =

e
e
1 + 6 L 6 B =
B L
L
B
0.77
1 =
NC
B/6
B/3
Verificacion
1 + 2 +3 + 4 = 4

B L (1 + 2 +3 + 4)
=
=
B L
4
50
Ubicacin del eje neutro respecto del punto de

aplicacin de la carga N:
Caso de materiales que no resisten la traccin (suelos)
f
Navier
df
Ftil
K v df
Ftil
Seccin
Despegada
df
K=
f =
df v =
Ftil
m ax
= K S nn

S n n
2
K v df v = K v df = K I nn =
Ftil
v df
Ftil
N
Seccin til
de apoyo
=K
f = I nn
S nn
M base = f
Ftil

S n n
I n n
L= 7.00
N=
92
ton
Determinar la posicin del eje neutro, calcular la tensin mxima de borde, y verificar con el volumen
de tensiones la carga N
B= 3.50
A= 1.40
L
L/2
Como A =1.40 m, la fuerza N se ubica dentro de la Elipse y fuera del Ncleo Central
Menos de la mitad del rea de la zapata se despega, y corresponde la ubicacin del

eje neutro n-n que se dibuj
B
B (A + f )
A+ f
( A + f )3 + ( A + f )3 ( A + f )3
+ B (A + f )
2
12
2 = 12
3
4
=
=
= (A + f )
2
2
A+ f
(A + f )
(A + f ) 3
B (A + f )
2
2
2
2
f =
J nn
S nn
v
f =
2
(A + f )
3
f = 2 1.40 = 2.80
v = f + A = 4.20
f = 2 A
B ( A + f )3
A+ f
4
+ B (A + f )*
= 86.4 m
J nn =
12
2
2
max
f
J n n
2
v = 12.5 ton/m
Verificacin Volumen de tensiones
V =
max
v B
2
A + f 30.9 m3
=
S n n = B ( A + f )
2
= 92
ton
Verificacin
f =
J nn
= 2.80
S n n
N [ton] = 30
nn
4
2
D
D
D
+
*v
= 10.793
288
4
3
S nn =
2
D
D
v =
4
3
6.6
B [m] = 3.00
D [m] = 4.243
(D/2-B/3) [m] = 1.12
A >(D/2-B/3) [m] = 1.40

2
[m] = 18
[m] = 324
2
(
3 D 2 v)
2
2
2
2
J nn = 36 (3 D 2 v) 4 (D v) + 8 D (D v) + D + D 2 18 X G = 0.56
v
v
2 2 (D v ) + 2 D
= [D + 2 (D v )]
= 0.407
X G = 1.08
XG =
S
nn
2
3
2 (D v ) + D
v2 = 0.76
f > (D/2-A) [m] = 0.72
Tanteo f [m] = 1.480
v= f+ A
(v-D/3)
f =
J nn
nn
1+ 2
=
3+ 4
1.480
(v-D/3)
[m] = 0.76
(v-D/2)
(D-v)
2.73
(v-D/2)
f = 1.48
[m ] = 2.15
[m ] = 3.15
(v-D/2)
1.40
(v-D/3)
v1= 2.88
[m] = 2.88
[m] = 1.47
1.36
v1 = v = 2.88
[m ] = 0.58
0.76
v2 = v - D/2 = 0.76
[m ] = 0.44
[m] = 1.36
N1
(D-v) [m ] = 1.86
3D-2v [m] = 6.97
2
(3D-2v)
[m ] = 48.6
1 =
f v1
N1 =
Jn
25.8
11.3 t/m
N2 = 4.2
2=
f v2
N = N1 + N2 = 30
Jn
2.97 t/m
N2
Condicin a cumplir
a < b cos
b sen = 1.697
n
90-
a tg (90- )
Gt
e
a
tg (90 )
b
90-
xC=
Peso estructura [ton] =

b [m] =
Df [m] =
G total [ton] =
b sen
D (diagonal) [m] =
tg =
=
b cos =
b sen =
10
2.40
3
Gran variable
hasta cumplir con la condicin
48
3.394
0.01
45
1.697
1.697
Cb(Df) [t/m3]= 3000

b cos
e=
90-
M b 0.854
=
GT
0.844
X0 =a= 1.687
0.010
n
D=b cos = 1.70
x0 = a = 3
3 G sen (2 ) 1.687
=
cb tg
Condicin a cumplir
a < b cos
Se debe variar " b" hasta que cumpla con la condicin
2
max [t/m ] = 50.61
2
max [t/m ] = 50.61
Vol de tensiones [ton] = 48.02 ( Verificacin )

3
x0
n
= x0
3
2
4
x0 = F h = x0
Jn
6
6
d =
J
S
x0
n
x0
n
= x0
2
Mb [tm] = 40.98
e=
Diag.
XC =
2
0.854
Verificacin

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EJE NEUTRO Y DIAGRAMA DE

Ing. Daniel E. Weber

Ing. Sebastin Romero

Cimentaciones U.T.N. Facultad Regional Santa Fe 2009

Eje Neutro en Bases:

Clculo de Tensiones por el Mtodo de Pohl:

b/6 [m] = 0.3333

ey < [(-b/a) e x + (b/6)] [m] = 0.1667

=[1+(6 e x/a)+(6 e y/b)]=

N = m edio A [ton]= 48.89

Clculo de Tensiones por el Mtodo de Pohl:

20.83 17.36 14.88 13.02 11.57 10.42

13.37 11.15 9.553 8.359

10.87 9.057 7.763 6.793 6.038 5.434

9.558 7.965 6.827 5.974

7.964 6.637 5.689 4.978 4.425 3.982

7.506 6.255 5.362 4.691

6.667 5.556 4.762 4.167 3.704 3.333

18.75 17.04 15.62 14.42

8.523 7.748 7.102 6.556 6.079

12.45 11.62 10.87 10.18 9.558

6.918 6.456 6.038 5.658

4.991 4.697 4.425

6.687 6.079 5.573 5.145 4.773 4.444 4.147

4.629 4.345 4.084 3.843

3.636 3.413 3.202 3.019 2.844 2.681 2.527 2.381

3.615 3.378 3.165 2.972 2.795 2.632 2.481

3.753 3.412 3.128 2.887 2.681 2.502 2.346 2.207 2.081

3.318 3.063 2.844 2.655 2.488

2.778 2.564 2.381 2.222 2.083

2.481 2.337 2.205

5.434 5.092 4.779 4.492 4.227 3.982 3.753 3.538 3.333

Clculo de Tensiones por el Mtodo de Pohl:

Clculo de Tensiones por el Mtodo de Pohl:

ex<a/3 [m] = 2.00

ey<b/3 [m] = 1.00

Para que e y= 0 es necesario

ex=a/3 [m] = 2.00

Casos de carga N, sobre la elipse:

Casos de carga N, sobre la elipse:

Casos de carga N, sobre la elipse:

Anlisis de casos de carga N sobre la fundacin:

Coeficiente de seguridad al vuelco >= 1.5

Toda la seccin de apoyo comprimida

Anlisis de casos de carga N sobre la fundacin:

N total [ton] = 100

Anlisis de casos de carga N sobre la fundacin:

0 < eB < B/6

0 < eB < B/6

= 27.1 p = p max ( X n B ) = 6.77

Anlisis de casos de carga N sobre la fundacin:

0 < eL < L/6

B/6 <eB < B/2

0 < eL < L/6

Anlisis de casos de carga N sobre la fundacin:

Anlisis de casos de carga N sobre la fundacin:

Ubicacin del eje neutro respecto del punto de

Menos de la mitad del rea de la zapata se despega, y corresponde la ubicacin del

Verificacin Volumen de tensiones

A >(D/2-B/3) [m] = 1.40

Peso estructura [ton] =

Cb(Df) [t/m3]= 3000