Professional Documents
Culture Documents
November 2007
()
Introduction
November 2007
1 / 14
()
Introduction
November 2007
2 / 14
Introduction
November 2007
3 / 14
()
Introduction
November 2007
4 / 14
q are "risky":
Gross return =
y with prob. p
0 with prob. 1
()
Introduction
November 2007
5 / 14
= 1 (1 p )2
= 2p p 2 > p
k
q + (1 q )g
This must be less than the minimum repayment without group lending
Rb =
()
k
q + (1 q )p
Introduction
November 2007
6 / 14
Implications
()
Introduction
November 2007
7 / 14
,! is this realistic ?
,! is this a good thing ?
()
Introduction
November 2007
8 / 14
()
Introduction
November 2007
9 / 14
Emerging view: joint liability is often not the main key to success
Shift toward individual lending for the "not so poor"
Grameen II proposal
Emphasis on dynamic incentives to induce repayment
()
Introduction
November 2007
10 / 14
RL + AL
AL + vAL
()
Introduction
v)
November 2007
11 / 14
AL
AL + vAL
) maximum repayment
R
= A(
v) > R
()
Introduction
November 2007
12 / 14
Implications
()
Introduction
November 2007
13 / 14
Privatization of Micronance ?
Presented as a market-based strategy for poverty reduction, but
continues to be heavily subsidized
Intended strategy: subsidies initially, then operate without them once
scale economies and experience drive down costs
Need to attract savings, issue bonds or obtain commerical funds
In July 2002 Financiera Compartamos (ACCION) issued a 100 million
peso bond
,! to get A+ rating from S&P, lending rates exceed 110%
Why worry about high rates if enough borrowers can pay them?
,! complementary inputs
,! increasing returns at low levels
To serve the poorest, subsidies may be essential
()
Introduction
November 2007
14 / 14