‘ JACOBS Central Region Wieero1s | | 4 of22 Work Instruction ‘Superseder Ra @ | Pipe Stress Analysis and Supports er PR 25.08-4 Draft Tesing Depariar Renrarae Previous Rev. Dale! | CarrentRavaion Daa Piping Engineering ‘James Gamer / Frank Ault NIA 41/16/01 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 PURPOSE 3 2.0 OBJECTIVE 3 3.0 SCOPE 3 7 4.0 | METHOD a 4.1 Analysis Method 4 41.4 Level | Analysis Criteria 4 4.4.2 * Level ll Analysis Critetia 4 . 413., Level itl Analysis Criteria 5 Table 4.1 Level of Analysis 6 4.1.4 Analysis Details 6 x 1. Documentation’ 6 2 Tieins 6 3. . Analysis Conditions 6 e 2 $ 5. Expansion Loops 7 6. Expansion Clearance 7 7. Welding Components to Elbows and Tees “7 8 Cold Springs 7 9. Ambient Analysis Temperature 7 10. Radiant heat temperature 7 44. Friction 8 12. Expansion Joints 8 13. Ball and Slip Joints, 8 14. Pressure relieving devices 8 45. Wind Loading 8 16. Earthquake Loading 8 17. Snow Loading 9 48. Water Hammer / Slug Flow 9 19. Flanges 9 20. High Pressure Piping 9 21. Category M Fluid Service 9 22.. Underground Pi 9 9 23. Maximum Pipe Spans and Deflection Copyright® 2001 by Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. ‘All Pgh reserved. The contents of this document are proprietary and produced forthe exclusive benefit of Jacobs Engineering Group Ine. No part ofthis document may be reproduced, stored In a retrieval systom, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, e electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, o otherwise, without the prior writen approval of Jacabe Engineering Group Ine. ‘The curtent applicable version ofthis publication residgs on Jacobs’ Intranet. All copies are considered to be uncontrolled.f° WLCROI3 PAGE: 2 OF 22 Pipe Stress Analysis and Supports November 16, 2001 42. PIPE SUPPORTS 42.1 Responsibility for Supports 10 e 422 Pipe Supports 10 423 Pipe Support Structures 40 42.4 Piping Reinforcement Requirements at Pipe Supports cy 425 Fireproofing 1" 426 Coating "1 4.2.7 Rod Hangers "1 428 Guides 4 429 Spring Supports 4 42.10 Spring Supported Vessels 12 42.11. Pipe Reinforcement ay Support Points 12 . 43. ROTATING AND RECIPROCATING EQUIPMENT Rotating 2 Reciprocating 12 4.4 API620/650 STORAGE TANKS 4. Initial Tank Settlement 13 2. Nozzle Stiffness 13 3. Stress Analysis considerations B 4. Nozzle Analysis Guideline 8 4S PRESSURE VESSELS AND HEAT EXCHANGERS 4. Analysis Procedures 13 2. WRC 107 Analysis: 13 3. FE Analysis 3 4. Allowable Stress Values B 4 COMPUTER PROGRAMS 4 e 48.1 Caesar'll Settings 4 4.82 General Modelling Parameters 14 1. Load Cases 15 2. General Modelling Practices : 16 3. ‘Temperature/Pressure Requirements 16 4. Flexibility and Stress Intensifications 16 5. Friction 16 6. Special Requirements 16 5,0 TABLES AND FIGURES Table 4.1 Basic Criteria for determination of Level of analysis for Piping Systems. 6 Table4.2 Support Design Responsibility 10 Table 4. ‘Acceptable Guide Spacing " Table 4. ‘Spring Supported Load cases for analysis 12 Figure 1 Pressure Vessel Evaluation for Piping Loads 16 Figure 11-1 Suggested Flange Analysis Procedure 7 REFERENCES, 5.1. Standards and Publications 8 52 Publications 19 Copyright® 2001, Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. JACOBSWL-CRO13 PAGE: 3 OF 22 Pipe Stress Analysis and Supports November 16, 2001 1.0 20 3.0 PURPOSE The purpose of this Work Instruction is to set forth the minimum acceptable requirements for the execution of Pipe Stress Analysis and design of Pipe Supports for Jacobs Engineering projects and to provide assistance in establishing consistent ‘company-wide JE procedures for that stress analysis. OBJECTIVE It is the objective of this Work Instruction to provide a guide to assist in the effective execution of Pipe Stress Analysis and Pipe Support design. This Work Instruction provides an outline to be used as a general strategy to assist in the compliance of established JE procedures as well as industry practices. SCOPE, This procedure defines the minimum JE requirements for performing stress analysis, level of system analysis’ for flexibility and sustained loading of piping systems in accordance with the applicable ASME code. * ASME B31.4 and B31.8 shall be used as code basis for designs of oil or gas transportation piping systems respectively. * ASME 831.1 Power Piping Code shall be used only for boiler extemal piping to the first valve, unless in power generating plants where it shall be used as the basis for design. + ASME B31.3 Process Piping Code shall be used as code basis for all other piping in the plant, (unless in power generating plants) as explained in the code scope Paragraph 300.1. Piping flexibility shall be sufficient to limit not only the stress of each piping component but also the reaction forces and moments on pipe supports and connected equipment to the allowable values in accordance with relevant codes and standards as well as owner and vendor limitations. Nothing in this document shall be construed to exclude the analysis or depth of analysis of any line(s) that experience and prudent Engineering practice suggests should be analyzed, or analyzed more rigorously. This work instruction shall be used on all projects unless the Owner provides procedures that take precedence, this procedure shall then supplement owner procedures where certain items are not addressed by the owner. Under no circumstances shall the Piping Engineer violate the requirements of the applicable ASME piping codes. Copyright® 2001, Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. JACOBS“ WL-CRO13 PAGE: 4 OF 22 Pipe Stress Analysis and Supports November 16, 2001 4.0 METHOD Piping Flexibility and Stress Analysis shall be performed at the following design stages: 44 Basic Design Stage (preliminary piping flexibility study and stress calculations). At this stage a piping flexibility study is made to plan the location of major equipment as well as the routing of the critical (level !) piping. Detail Design Stage (detail piping flexibility study and stress calculations). At this stage piping flexibility study and calculations are performed to check and finalize the. layout of all piping, including reactions on equipment and pipe supports. Final checking with equipment allowable loading data is also part of this stage. Analysis Method Various levels of analysis and calculations shall be decided in accordance with Table 4.1 and the descriptions below, under the judgement of a qualified and experienced piping stress engineer. Each line shall be checked for the criteria listed below at the beginning of the job and the level of analysis for each line must be listed on the line list and passed ‘on to the lead piping designer, this step will insure that the design group wil have the necessary information to’be able to plan their work and supply the piping engineers with the most rigorous work early on in the project, thus avoiding delays as well as last minute changes as the project develops. 4.1.1 Level | (Rigorous Analysis) Piping systems or lines that meet the Table 4 Criteria (page 6 of 22) are critical. These lines require careful study to insure the Code compliance is met, and that accurate determinations of nozzle. and support loads have been made. The routing of these lines is very important. They must be analyzed early in the project so that the impact on the location of less critical lines is minimized. Normally, these systems require computer analysis. The general intent of the Level 1 analysis criteria is to study lines greater than 3" diameter that are affected by thermal expansion or a dynamic response, and that cannot be evaluated by chart methods or manual analysis (as per the general intent of Level lI analyses). Consideration has been given to other special situations that augment the Level | general intent guidelines for lines that are excessively large and stiff. The required documentation for each Level | system shall be determined by either client or local JE office requirements but shall be estimated using the individual office technical guidelines for documentation. Before referring to Table 4.1 (page 6 of 22), the following lines will always be Level | calculations. All lines attaching to mechanical equipment with published nozzle load limitations. Copyright® 2001, Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. JACOBSWL-CRO13 PAGE: 5 OF 22 Pipe Stress Analysis and Supports November 16, 2001 + All piping which will undergo hydraulic shock, auto ignition or in severe cyclic service (defined as exceeding 7000 cycles over the life of the plant). e «Lines that are classified as category M service. * Alllines requiring expansion joints or flexible connectors. * All lines large bore (2" and larger) having a wall thickness greater than standard weight should be considered. © All jacketed piping with an inside liner, outside jacket differential temperature. «All glass lined piping and piping attaching to glass lined equipment. * All piping attaching to equipment with differential settlement. * Allunder ground piping with temperatures above 150° F. ° All pit attaching to fixed equipment nozzles, to the extent of identifying and calculating the results of the reactions at the nozzle / shell intersection. 44.2. Level ll (Normal Analysis) Piping systems or lines that meet the following criteria are less critical lines, and do not require such rigorous study to insure Code compliance or accurate determination of nozzle and support loads. Lines in this e category require mandatory investigation; however, the analysis can be done by approximate methods such as guided cantilever, Tube Tums or JE charts etc. These lines are smaller in size and operate at lower temperatures (in general) than the lines to be afalyzed using Level | Criteria. These lines can be routed around the more critical lines and are to be selected using Level Il Criteria. Normally, only manual calculations are required for analysis of these systems. The routing requirements for Level | lines shall supersede those of Level Il lines. The required documentation for each Level Il system shall be determined by either client or local JE office requirements but shall be estimated using the individual office technical guidelines for documentation. 4.1.3. Level Ill (Minimum Analysis) All lines that did not meet the criteria for Level | or Level I! analyses will be reviewed by the Piping Engineer during the squad check of the piping drawings. Lines in this category can be analyzed by visual inspection or approximate methods. If more detailed analysis is required, the Piping Engineer may change the level of analysis during the squad check as applicable, The required documentation for each Level Ill system shall be determined by either client or local JE office requirements but shall be estimated using the individual office technical guidelines for documentation. Copyright® 2001, Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. JACOBSvv WLCRO13 PAGE: 6 OF 22 Pipe Stress Analysis and Supports. November 16, 2001 Table 4.1 Basic Criteria for the determination of the level of analysis for piping systems. Deor qu BRS 8 8 Pipe00 4.1.4 Analysis Details: 1. Documentation: All calculations whether simplified or comprehensive shall be well documented with date, analyst, project and client names, project number, relevant line and equipment identification data, as well as any and all information that could affect the result of the calculation. The documentation method shall either comply with client requirements or local JE office technical guidelines for calculation documentation. It should be assumed that the calculations will form an essential part of the project final record documentation. Copyright® 2001, Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. JACOBS+ WL-CRO13 PAGE: 7 OF 22 Pipe Stress Analysis and Supports November 16, 2001 2. Tie-Ins: The piping engineer is responsible for ensuring adequate fiexibiity as well as support for all of the piping in the design in @ accordance with the applicable code as well as this work instruction. This includes the evaluation of the effects of all tie-ins to existing as well as the new piping systems from anchor to anchor per ASME 831.3 Para. 319.4.3. When it is necessary the piping engineer shall prepare the design for any remedial work required to an existing piping systems resulting from a tie in to a new piping system. 3. Analysis Conditions: The piping engineer shall have a through understanding of the operation conditions of the piping systems being analysed. Identify and analyse any system with special conditions such as pulsating flow, two phase flow, regeneration cycles, batch operations etc. Particular attention shall be given in establishing the operating cases to be analysed when standby equipment, such as spare pumps, at ambient temperatures are present. ‘Of equal concem are ‘systems with more than one operating case; some examples might include startup, burn-out, purging conditions, flare or relieving systems, and regeneration. 4, Flexibility: The piping system shall comply with the appropriate code as well as the following philosophy paraphrased from ASME 831.3. Paragraph 319.1.1 on piping flexibility and support requirements: Piping systems shall have sufficient flexibility to prevent thermal, support or induced movement from causing failure of piping or supports due to overstress or fatigue, leakage at joints, detrimental stresses or distortion in piping components or e ‘equipment. The piping system shall be so designed that the ASME B31.3 Paragraph 319.1.2 specific requirements are satisfied, i.e. the stress due to flexibility and sustained loading shall be lower than the allowable displacement stress range (S,). Reaction forces computed per ASME 631.3 Paragraph 319.5 shall not be detrimental to either supports or connected equipment. 5. Expansion Loops: Where practical route the pipe to permit normal ends and offsets to take the expansion. Normally install expansion loops in a horizontal position. Consider vertical offset in the loop in order to not obstruct existing or new pipe in the pipe rack. Neither stub-ins, trunnions, lugs (see Para. 7) nor couplings shall be installed on any elbows in the loop in order to preserve the flexibility of the elbow. The loop must be guided property in order to prevent thermal creep of the piping system as well as to contain the loop configuration for proper operation. e Copyiht® 2001, cobs Enpneaing Group In. JACOBSWL-CRO13 PAGE: 8 OF 22 Pipe Stress Analysis and Supports November 16, 2001 6. Expansion Clearance: Clearance among pipes in the racks shall be checked in order to allow for expansion, most common problem e areas are where piping enters or leaves the rack and at changes in direction. it is recommended to use the axial restraints to control as well as anticipate the amount of movement at the pipe turns. 7. Welding Components to elbows & Tees: Elbows and Tees as 31.3 Unlisted components. Since elbows are the chief source of flexibility in a piping system, lugs, shoes, trunnions, pressure taps, couplings etc. should not be attached. Elbows with such attachments as well as tees with intersecting angles less than 90 degrees are actually unlisted components per ASME 831.3 Paragraph 304.7.2. Unlisted components require a rigorous analysis (such as FE Pipe) or a literature search in order to determine flexibilities and SIFs. The SIF values listed in appendix D of ASME. B31.3 for standard elbows and tees shall not be used for unlisted components. Pipe shoes, tie-ins and lugs shall not be located within two pipe diameter lengths of the elbow end welds so that the elbow can maintain its flexibility. When a comprehensive analysis of elbows with attachments is required per ASME B31.3 paragraph 319.4.2, and in the absence of detail flexibility / SIF information or the ability to perform the rigorous analysis, each elbow shall be modelled as having two flanged ends to approximate the reduced flexibility. In the same light, a non 90 degree shall have its SIF doubled and it's flexibility factor reduced by half in lieu of a comprehensive analysis. e@ 8 Cold Spring: No credit for cold spring shall be taken to reduce stresses in piping systems. 9. Ambient Analysis Temperature: Thermal expansion shall be calculated based on an installation temperature of 70 degrees F, unless otherwise noted in the client or project documentation. 10. Radiant heat temperature: In long pipe runs the effect of solar heating on un-insulated lines normally operating close to ambient temperatures shall be considered. Line temperature of 160° F. shall be used in the analysis of such lines. 11. Friction: Friction Effects shall be calculated based on the following coefficients: Steel to Stee! 0.3 Steel to PTFE 0.41 PTFE to PTFE 0.1 Steel to Concrete 0.6. @ nero. scobs Engineering Group Inc. JACOBSWL-CRO13 PAGE: 9 OF 22 Pipe Stress Analysis and Supports November 16, 2001 12. 13. 14, 15. 16. 47. Expansion Joints: Ideally Piping systems shall be designed with sufficient flexibility to absorb it's own strain energy. Piping systems requiring an expansion device shall be approved by the owner and piping engineering lead engineer on a case by case basis. This approval process shall include the entire piping layout, including anchors, supports, proposed joint(s) supporting documentation and stress calculation. Since most expansion joint failures are usually from misapplication there shall be no exception to the approval cycle. All expansion joint design, fabrication and testing shall comply with the most recent revisions of ASME B31.3, client specifications (if available) and EJMA Standards. Ball and Slip Joints: Use of these highly specialized devices is discouraged and as with expansion joints shall be approved with the same procedures as expansion joints by the client and lead piping ‘engineer before they may be considered for use. For ball joints, inherent ball friction against the packing shall be considered in the analysis and packing must be compatible with the line contents. Slip joints suitably packed are sometimes useful in controlling large axial pipe movement when loops are impossible to add in the system. Slip joints shall not be used in high pressure, hydrocarbon or other hazardous services, Pressure Relieving Devices: Forces and moments due to valve discharge shall be calculated in accordance with ASME 31.1, ‘Appendix II. The discharge piping shall be adequately restrained to contain the thrust loads. A DLF (dynamic load factor) of 2 shall be used in calculating the reaction forces. Wind Loading Wind loading in all four directions (if applicable) shall be considered in all piping systems per ASCE latest edition. ‘The resulting design shall satisfy the relevant design codes in both wind and no wind conditions. Where piping is shielded from the wind by other piping, building, etc. a corresponding reduction in wind loading may be considered by mutual agreement with the client. Design shape factor for piping shall be 0.7. Earthquake Loading: Earthquake loading shall be considered in geographical areas having defined earthquake zones as established in ASCE latest edition. Earthquake loads need not be considered where the lateral loadings due to wind exceed those loads due to earthquake. However when wind loadings are reduced due to shielding or other reasons then only earthquake loadings need be considered. The latest edition of ASCE, shall be used to determine the earthquake zone and other factors for use in earthquake calculations, unless otherwise dictated by the Client. The reactions from earthquakes shall be applied to the piping model at boundaries as pseudo-static loads, Snow Loading ‘Copyright® 2001, Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. JACOBSWL-CRO13 PAGE: 10 OF 22 Pipe Stress Analysis and Supports November 16, 2001 18. 19. 20. 2. © re en tiem tne ne The effect of snow weight reducing the maximum allowable spans due to deflection and / or allowable sustained stresses shall be considered in all areas of the world where snow occurs. Client or civil structural project specifications will specify the maximum annual snow fall that must be used. Special attention shall be given to large ductwork that is able to support snow loads. These loads shall be included in spring sizing procedures, support load evaluations, and for circumferential bending criteria at saddles and other supports. Water Hammer/Slug Flow All piping systems, that are subject to slug flow conditions, shall be identified by process engineering or client as “multiphase” service on the line list and / or P&IDs. The forces due to these conditions shall be determined using acceptable industry practice if not dictated by client specifications. Suitable restraints shall be provided to restrain / support the additional loading. In a like manner lines susceptible to water hammer shall be identified by the process group. Flanges: Piping flanges subject to external loads due to weight, thermal expansion and other effects shall meet the requirements of ASME Section Vill, Division 1, converting the extemal loads to equivalent pressure as defined ‘in “Appendix C*. Process flanges shall be analysed as a minimum. iping: Mandatory investigation and documentation is required for lines in high pressure service where the pressure is in excess of that allowed by ANSI B16.5 class 2500 rating for the specified design temperature and pressure. The requirements of ASME B31.3 Chapter IX are to be followed in full. Category M Fluid Service: Category M fluid service is defined in ‘ASME B31.3 as “a fluid service in which the potential for personnel ‘exposure is judged to be significant and in which a single exposure to a very small quantity of a toxic fluid, caused by leakage, can produce serious irreversible harm to persons on breathing or bodily contact, even when prompt restorative measures are taken”. Lines in this category shall be analysed in accordance with ASME 631.3, shall all be considered Level | calculations and the utmost caution shall be exercised in the design, checking and field verification processes of these piping systems. Category M service is generally identified by the client.WL-CRO13. PAGE: 11 OF 22 Pipe Stress Analysis and Supports November 16, 2001 22. Underground Piping: Underground piping shall be analysed for both dead as well as live loads as well as for thermal expansion. Provisions shall be made to meet the design requirements as determined during the analysis. 23. Maximum Pipe Spans and Deflection: When determining pipe spans the JE span chart shall be used if a client span table is not supplied. Generally, when deviating from the project span charts, i.e. pipe supported from pipe, pipe branch between supports, thin wall pipe etc. deflection shall be limited to 5/8” maximum or 0.5 (Sx) (hot allowable for the material). When pipe is supported from pipe, you must perform a calculation on the supporting line to ensure the ‘span with the additional load is in compliance with the aforementioned criteria. 4.2 Pipe Supports: Supports and Restraints 4.24 — Responsibility for supports is as follows: TABLE 4.2 ‘SUPPORT DESIGN RESPONSIBILITY PIPING PIPING EQUIP. TYPE ENGR. DES. ENGR. eo a= 7 x (Non-Engineered) Approval Selection Rigid x x (Engineered) Approval Selection ‘Stops, Guides, x Place in Anchors, Springs. Model ‘Other Supports x Place in (Snubbers, etc.) Model Equipment Supports x ‘Spring Supported Vessels or equipment x Place in x Model ‘Supports shall be designed to carry the loads that exist during all operating load cases at the stated design conditions. In addition, supports shall be suitable for carrying the weight of the piping when filled with water during hydrostatic pressure testing, except where: * Pneumatic testing has been approved by the Owner. * Temporary supports, such as those that may be required for some spring supported piping, have been approved by Owner. Specific locations and details for these supports shall be shown on layout or ISO drawings. 4.2.2 Pipe Supports © see 101, nots tnnena teWL-CRO13 PAGE: 12 OF 22 Pipe Stress Analysis and Supports November 16, 2001 All supports and parts shall conform to the latest requirements of ASME 31.3, or ASME B31.1 as applicable, AISC and MSS SP58 and MSS SP69 e as supplemented or modified by the requirements of this Practice. 4.2.3. Pipe Support Structures Steel and reinforced concrete pipe support structures shall be designed by civil structural engineering, with thermal loads, location and elevations supplied by piping engineering. Requisition for additional supports shall be coordinated. 4.2.4. Piping Reinforcement Requirements At Support Points The need for local reinforcement of the piping at support locations shall be considered and added if necessary. 4.2.6 Fireproofing * Fireproofing of supports in areas where required, shall be in accordance with project fireproofing specification. Piping containing flammable materials shall not be hung by rods or spring type supports from a fireproofed pipe support cross beam. 4.2.6 Coating Pipe support coating shall be per project specification for structural e components. 4.2.7 Rod hangers ‘The use of rod hangers is permitted only where layouts are demonstrated to have not more than 4 degrees of rod rotation and / or not exerting additional axial and excessive loads on equipment. 4.2.8 Guides Position pipe guides to restrict lateral movement of straight runs of pipe in pipe racks without adversely affecting other components. Guides can prevent buckling in vertical runs of pipe. Table 4.2.1 below is a general guideline for guide spacing however it does not substitute for good engineering judgement in the proper use. For instance, when using standard supports in racks, towers etc., spacing could be governed by seismic or wind loads imposed on those guides in conjunction with allowable loads that the guides are designed for. In the case of loops, additional guides are required in order to control the proper bending of the loop and avoid lateral creep of the piping. Guide spacing is to be based on pipe size, insulation thickness, wind/seismic loads, allowable loads of vessel guides and brackets and standard guides used on the project, these loads are to be calculated by the piping engineer and guide spacing adjusted during engineering review if necessary. e Copyright® 2001, Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. JACOBSWL-cR013 PAGE: 13 OF 22 Pipe Stress Analysis and Supports November 16, 2001 Table 4.2.4 For Guidance only, final spacing to be determined by the piping engineer. e Acceptable Guide Spacing Guided along Guided Near Guided along Straight Runs__| BendorBranch_| Vertical Runs 40 = 60 ft 2030 20-25 f. 60 — 80 ft 30-40 f 25— 30 80 = 100 ft. 40— 50 2530 ft 100 — 120 ft 40— 50 ft 30= 35 ft, 7120 — 160 7. 40-50 ft 35-40 ft 46" thru 18" 7140 — 180 ft 50 — 60 ft 40 ft > 18° 200 feet orless* | 60-60 ft. or more | 40 ft or less * Use (2) guides as a minimum. 4.29 Spring Supports In general consider spring supports to support pipe that is expected to move vertically. Spring supports are used to support the dead load in order to keep the thermal excursions from adversely affecting the piping and / or connected equipment. Size spring supports to support the pipe in the hot (operating) condition without exceeding the allowable hot stress (Sx) pipe due to weight and pressure forces. Check spring hanger for deflection under both hot and cold conditions. Spring stops or rigid supports are to be used during hydro testing, be sure that the data sheets indicate this. Note on the spring data sheets that stops or rigid supports must be removed after testing. e 4.2.10 Spring Supported Vessels Spring supported equipment should be designed as a last resort. The springs on spring supported vessels shall be sized for Normal Operating Conditions (Vessel Empty + Operating Fluid Weight + Platform Dead Load). + Minimize piping loads on the vessel support springs where possible, and seff-support the piping. + Refer to Table 4.2.3 for the required load cases for spring-supported vessels. e Copyright® 2001, Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. JACOBSWL-CRO13 PAGE: 14 OF 22 Pipe Stress Analysis and Supports November 16, 2001 TABLE 4.2.3 e SPRING SUPPORTED VESSEL LOAD CASES FOR ANALYSIS. LOAD. DESCRIPTION LOAD CASE TOADS IN CASE A Vessel Empty Weight Normal Operation: (AtB+F) B Normal Operating Fluid Weight Maximum Load TAtC#F+G) c Max. Operating Fluid Weight Minimum Load (A+DsF) D Min. Operating Fluid Weight Empty Load (A+F) E Hydrotest Fluid Weight Hydrotest Load, (AVE+F+G) F Platform Dead Load G Platform Live Load 4.2.11 Pipe Reinforcement at Support Points Pipe reinforcing at locations of support for horizontal pipe runs shall be considered in every design, and particularly in the case of thin wall piping, as well as large diameter piping systems. (Large diameter pipe will require saddles or ring stiffners. 4.3 ROTATING AND RECIPROCATING EQUIPMENT 4.3.1 ROTATING On rotating equipment, such as centrifugal compressors, pumps, expanders and turbines the dead weight of the connecting piping shall be e@ entirely self supporting. This reduces flange loading and facilitate piping alignment to equipment. Forces and moments due to connected piping and allowed by the equipment manufacturer shall be the basis for design. The allowable forces and moments shall bé~ specified by the ‘manufacturer or taken from the applicable ASME, NEMA, or AP! code and / or standard. 4.3.2. RECIPROCATING Most of the time an analogue study is contracted by the project group. Usually this study is done by the equipment manufacturer or an outside specialist. When this is not done, the stress engineer shall perform a modal analysis to raise the mechanical natural frequency of the piping to two times the highest excitation frequency of the equipment. e Copyright® 2001, Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. JACOBSWL-CRO13 PAGE: 15 OF 22 Pipe Stress Analysis and Supports November 16, 2001 44 45 46 API 620 / 650 STORAGE TANKS: 1. Initial tank settlement (plastic soil deformation) need not be considered in the Piping stress analysis if the following criteria is met. ‘* Ifthe tank is hydro tested prior to installation of the piping system. + The final pipe attachment to the tank shall include at least one field weld near the nozzle. 2. Nozzle stiffness may be derived by the use of Nozzle Pro for use in the pipe stress analysis. This procedure should be used for minimizing pipe flexibility as well as the number of springs and / or flexible connectors needed to qualify the nozzles. 3. Pipe Stress analysis shall consider the following: + Nozzle stifiness Imposed movement due to tank filling. Provide the following load cases: * Sustained (empty tank, piping components and pressure) * Sustained (Full tank at ambient conditions i.e. imposed nozzle movement due to elastic soil deformation and hydraulic induced shell movement, internal pressure, pipe and contents weight. * Flexibility (Imposed tank nozzle movement and fluid temperature) 4, Nozzle analysis guide * API.650 Appendix K allowable external loads on tank shell openings. PRESSURE VESSELS AND HEAT EXCHANGERS 1. See Figure 10-1 (pg. 19 of 22) for a graphical representation of the recommended analysis procedures for pressure vessel analyses. 2. The WRC-107 analysis should be used for piping systems that connect to cylindrical and spherical shells with Shell Diameter/ Nozzle Diameter ratios of between 2 and 20, with Shell Diameter / Shell Thickness ratios between 10 and 600. 3. The FE/Pipe and/or Nozzle Pro analysis should be used for vessel connections that fall outside of the WRC-107 limitations, where shell flexibility must be considered, or where other geometrical stress intensifiers exist that cannot be computed using WRC-107. 4. The Allowable Stress values from Section Il Part D, Table 1A/B shall be used for either WRC-107 or FE/Pipe/Nozzle Pro analyses on Division 1 vessels. COMPUTER PROGRAMS 1. All stress analysis computer programs shall be "PC BASED" software. The computer program used for piping stress analysis should be CAESAR II software, a product of COADE Engineering Software of Houston Texas, unless stipulated otherwise by the Owner. 2. The computer program used for plate-and-shell finite element analysis for fixed equipment nozzle load evaluation should be FE/ Pipe and/or Nozzle Copyright® 2001, Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. JACOBSWL-CRO13 PAGE: 16 OF 22 Pipe Stress Analysis and Supports November 16, 2001 Pro, a product of Paulin Research Group of Houston Texas, unless stipulated otherwise by the Owner. e 3. The computer program used for transient fluid analyses is BOS Fluids, an add-on to FE/Pipe from Paulin Research Group. 4.6.1 CAESAR Il Settings CONFIGURATION: Use the COADE default settings with the following exceptions: In the SIF and Stress section of Caesar configuration change the following. Use WRC 328: Set to Yes * Reduced Intersection: Set to WRC 329 KAUX SETTINGS: + Liberal Stress Allowable: Select No, no will need to be selected in each new calculation as it is by default tumed on. New piping, or modified portions of systems must be analyzed using the standard allowable stresses. Existing systems may use the liberal allowable stresses if required/necessary. You are cautioned to know where the liberal stress allowable is coming from. RECOMMENDED FILES TO ARCHIVE: e * Archive input, output and all scratch files of the final calculation only, do not save all iterations. * CAESAR.CFG Very important to save this file in the directory with the electronic calculations. ays RECOMMENDED FE PIPE FILES TO BE ARCHIVED © Input Data *ifu 4.6.2 GENERAL MODELLING PARAMETERS, 1. Load Cases * The load cases shown in Table 4.6 (pg. 17 of 22) shall be examined for piping systems designated for level | stress analysis. In addition, when rotating equipment piping is connected with common headers, additional thermal load cases are required to assess the variation in pipe temperature that results from combinations of operating and non-operating equipment. * Wind and earthquake loads acting on piping shall be determined in accordance with Owner's or ASCE design criteria. The effects of equipment flexibility and wind and earthquake loads acting on the equipment shall be included in the analysis. e ‘Copyright® 2001, Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. JACOBSWL-CRO13 Pipe Stress Analysis and Supports PAGE: 17 OF 22 November 16, 2001 TABLE 4.6 LOAD CASE COMBINATIONS AND DESIGN CRITERIA FOR PIPING SYSTEMS LOAD CASE | DESIGN LOADS AND FORCES EVALUATION CRITERIA ‘Testing: No insulation temp. 70F Testing or 4. Weight of all piping components. ‘Sustained stress limits per the Flushing of 2. Test pressure and fluid weight (water) | applicable ASME 831 Code, Equipment or {or testing or flushing of piping. evaluated at temperature. Piping 3. Wind load for a wind speed of 35 mph. | (Mandatory forall ines = 20° when Dit <95.) ‘Operating Weight of ai piping components, refractory, | Sustained stress limits per the ‘Weight Plus insulation. Weight loads resulting from lit- | applicable ASME B31 Code Pressure ‘off of pipe sections from any support shall be | evaldated at the design included. temperature. Pressure and fluid weight of product. Ice and snow loads, if applicable. Allother sustained loads supported by the piping. Foundation Settlement / frost heave and differential foundation settlement. Thermal 7. Thermal loads resulting from design ‘Allowable displacement range temperatures and restraints. per the applicable ASME 2. Loads due to temperature gradients. e 3, Thermal loads resutting from differences in expansion 4, Effects of support displacement including thermal expansion or contraction and foundation settiementfrost heave, if applicable. ‘Operating Toads from the Operating Weight and ‘Check equipment loads. Weight Pius _| Thermal Cases. Thermal ‘Operating 7. Loads from the Operating Weight Case. | 1.33 times the basic allowable Weight Plus | 2. Full wind or earthquake load, whichever | stress per the applicable Pressure Plus results in the highest piping stresses. | ASME B31.3 Code evaluated Occasional 3, Fluid transient loads from (Relief Valve _| at the design temperature Forces Discharge) abnormal conditions. 2. — General Modelling Practices ‘+ Avoid using spring supports and snubbers. ‘+ The use of any convoluted or proprietary expansion joints for all fluid services except cooing water, shall not be considered without prior written approval from the Owner. If expansion joints are approved. 3. Temperature/ Pressure Requirements © The effects of thermal bowing shall be included i the piping analysis + The effects of elastic follow-up shall be evaluated in piping systems. + The effects of multiple thermal swings or cycles. e Copyright® 2001, Jacobs Engineering Group Ine.WL-CRO13 PAGE: 18 OF 22 : Pipe Stress Analysis and Supports November 16, 2001 4, Flexibility and Stress Intensification Factors 5. Friction e@ © See 4.1.4, Para. 11. 6. Special Requirements ‘* Stress intensification factors used for non-code piping components shall be subject to the approval of the Owner. * Piping systems shall be designed for loads resulting from fluid transient effects. The transient loads to be considered are relief valve loads as stipulated in API 520, water hammer, and high velocity transfer lines, etc. * Special requirements for hydrostatic test; pads for large diameter piping over 24” @ Copyright® 2001, Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. JACOBS+ WL-CRO13 PAGE: 19 OF 22 Pipe Stress Analysis and Supports: November 16, 2001 FIGURE 10-1 PRESSURE VESSEL EVALUATION e@ FOR PIPING LOADS SEER is Copyright© 2001, Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. JACOBSWL-CRO13 PAGE: 20 OF 22 Pipe Stress Analysis and Supports November 16, 2001 FIGURE 11-1 SUGGESTED FLANGE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE sip ouregebtainetn ib : os ae FAL PASSES Perform actions: isuiy eommoare ater Wiorkshoot Anais. sina fanges wh the Sencha Using App" Alowable ink 2 e PALS PASSES) Fas. PASSES | | Modify Piping Flexibility. «», Conchude'Anal Perform additional, ‘Conclude Anat ty Pio says pages oe Conceal Seas Using B16.5 Allowable Limis. =~ £0 FAILS: 2 Loe SO PASSES: | | Peifotiniadaitonal=° --Coneude Analysis WioneaneetArabaes 6 UsiopAperzAlowablaimiy FAILS PASSES: Mody Piping Fiextity Conclude Analyse. e Copyright® 2001, Jacobs Engineering Group inc. JACOBSWL-CRO13 Pipe Stress Analysis and Supports PAGE: 21 OF 22 November 16, 2001 5.0 REFERENCES The latest edition of the following standards and publications are referred to herein, and shall be used with this Practice. 5.1 Standards and Publications 5.4.1 Codes ASME B31.1 ASME 831.3 ASME 831.4 ASME Sec Vill API570 5.1.2 API Publications Std 520 ‘Std 560 Std 610 std611 Std 612 Std 617 Std 618 Std 619 ‘Std 620 Std 650 Std 661 Publ 941 RP-1102 Power Piping ‘Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping Code Liquid Transportation Systems for Hydrocarbons, Liquid Petroleum Gas, Anhydrous Ammonia, and Alcohol's Pressure Vessels, Alternative Rules, Division 2 Piping Inspection Code Sizing, selection, and installation of Pressure Relieving Devices in Refineries. Fired Heaters Centrifugal Pumps for General Refinery Services General Purpose Steam Turbines for Refinery Services. ‘Special Purpose Steam Turbines for Refinery Service Centrifugal Compressors for General Refinery Services Reciprocating Compressors for General Refinery Services Rotary-Type Positive Displacement Compressors for General Refinery Services Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low-Pressure Storage Tanks Welded Stee! Tanks for Oil Storage <- - Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Services Steels for Hydrogen Service at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures in Petroleum Refineries and Petrochemical Plants Steel Pipelines Crossing Railroads and Highways. 5.1.3 MSS Publications SP-58 ‘SP-69 SP-77 SP-89 Pipe Hangers and Supports - Materials, Design and Manufacture Pipe Hangers and Supports — Selection and Application Guidelines for Pipe Support Contractual Relationships Pipe Hangers and Supports — Fabrication and installation Practices: 5.1.4 NEMA Standards SM.23 ‘Steam Turbines for Mechanical Drive Service 5.1.5 ASCE Standards ‘Copyright® 2001, Jacobs Engineering Group Inc.WL-CRO13 PAGE: 22 OF 22 Pipe Stress Analysis and Supports November 16, 2001 7-95 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures e 5.1.6 Other Standards EJMA Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association AWWA-M11 American Water Works Association, Publication Number M11, Steel Pipe Design and Installation. ANSI-A21.1 Thickness Design of Cast Iron Pipe 52 Publications McKeehan, D.L., Peng, L-C, "Evaluation Connections Due to Piping Load” Current Topics in Piping and Pipe Support Design, PVP-Vol. 53, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1987, pages 61-69. Chadda, T.S., "Effect of Refractory Lining on the Stiffness of Stee! Pipe", Current Topi in Piping and Pipe Support Design, PVP-Vol. 53, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1987, pages 79-87. Becht, C., "Elastic Follow-up Evaluation for a Piping System with a Hot Wall Slide Valve", Design and Analysis of Piping, Pressure Vessels, and Components 1988, PVP-Vol. 139, “The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1988, pages 27-31 ‘Welding Research Council Bulletin 107 Local Stresses in Spherical and Cylindrical Shells due to Extemal Loadings by K.R. Wichman, A.G. Hopper and J.L. Mershon August 1965, July 1970, and revisions therefrom. e Weoldng Research Councl Buleton 329 Accuracy of Sues Intention Factors for Branch Connections. By E. C. Rodabaugh Structural Engineering Handbook, Gaylord and Gaylord 1968 Section 25, Culverts ‘Copyright® 2001, Jecobs Engineering Group Inc. JACOBSMAXIMUM MECHANICAL NATURE FREQUENCY (HERTZ)=30.00 MAXIMUM TOTAL SPAN LENGTH PIPE ‘SPAN WITH | SPAN WITH Size SCH, | CATILEVER | STRAIGHT SPAN ONE ELBOW] TWO ELBOW 2 1S/40 4-6 Ur 6-2" 6-9" 3s 18/40 a2" 7 8-3 4 |S/48 10'-6" 8-7" q-5" 6 | S/40 12’-18" 10-6" u-6 8° | S/40 12'-0" 13'-2" 18" | $/40 13'-5* 14-8" 12" | S/48 14-7" 16’-2" 14" | S/48 18-9" 15’-4" 16'-18" 1st |S/40 ai'-3" 17'-4* 19-1" » | 593: 4 5 gt 4" 20° | Wate] 13-4 22'-5' 18'-4 20-1 | 593 ge ee age |" 24 WALL 13-4 22'-5" 18°-4 20'-1 A CANTILEVERED SPAN STRAIGHT SPAN Ic 0 SPAN WITH ONE ELBOW SPAN WITH TWO ELBOW FIGURE 8 SPAN CHART