1/8/2015

Webinar 6. Hydraulic Lift

Jet Pump & Piston Pump

Toby Pugh
Jan 13, 2015

Webinar Series
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Introduction to Artificial Lift

Reciprocating Rod Lift (RRL)
Gas-Lift
Progressing Cavity Pumping (PCP)
Electrical Submersible Pumping (ESP)
Hydraulic Lift: Jet Pump & Piston Pump
Plunger Lift and Capillary Deliquification
Production Optimization for Artificial Lift

Aug 27 14
Sep 23 14
Oct 21 14
Nov 19 14
Dec 16 14
Jan 13 15
Feb 10 15
Mar 3 15

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Lift Technologies by Energy Source

Plunger
Lift

Foam
Lift

Rod
Lift

Gas-Lift

Leverage Well Energy

PCP

ESP

Hydraulic
Lift

Add Lifting Energy

Lift Technology by Lift Capacity

Plunger
Lift

Foam
Lift

PCP

Rod
Lift

Hydraulic
Lift

ESP

Gas-Lift

200

500

5000

6000

35000

60000

75000

Medium

Low

High

What is Hydraulic Lift?

The use of high pressure fluids pumped from
the surface to drive down-hole pumps.
Stock Tank or
Vessel for PF
Supply

Triplex
Pump

Prime
Mover
Electric, Diesel
or Gas

Spent
Power Fluid
&
Production

Power Fluid
(PF)

Hydraulic Jet or
Piston Pump

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What Type of Downhole Pumps?

Two types of downhole
hydraulic pumps
Hydraulic Jet Pumps

Hydraulic Piston Pumps

Horizontal Wells (Jet or Piston)

Hydraulic Jet Pump Animation

Free Pump Operation

1/8/2015

How The Jet Pump Works

Secondary Flow

Mixed Flow

PS
QS
Power
Fluid

Pd
Qt

PN
QN
High Velocity Core

Nozzle

Throat

Diffuser

How The Jet Pump Works

Pd
Power
Fluid
Pressure

Power
Fluid
Velocity

Nozzle

Throat

Diffuser

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Hydraulic Jet Pump Advantages

Diversity of applications
High volume
Run and retrieve by circulation
or wireline
Deviated wells
No rods in tubing (no rod/tubing wear)
Works extremely well with solids,
corrosive fluids, and high temperatures
No moving parts downhole (no
mechanical wear)

Hydraulic Jet Pump Limitations

Low efficiency
Requires a high pressure
surface line for the power fluid
Cannot pump-off a well

Jet Lift Application Considerations

Typical Installations
Operating Depth
Operating Volume
Operating Temperature

Wellbore Deviation

Corrosion Handling

5,000 to 10,000 TVD

20,000 TVD

300 to 1,000 BPD

>35,000 BPD

100 to 250F

500F

0 to 20 Hole Angle

0 to 90 Pump
Placement
<45/100
Build Angle

Excellent

Gas Handling

Good

Solids Handling

Good

Fluid Gravity
Servicing
Prime Mover Type
Offshore Application
System Efficiency

Current
Maximums*

6 API
Hydraulic or Wireline
Multi-cylinder or Electric
Excellent
10% to 30%

*Special analysis required

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Nozzle/Throat Ratios
Volume/Pressure Relationships

Lift

Increasing Intake Area

A Ratio

C Ratio

E Ratio
Volume

Jet Pump Efficiency Curves

R = area ratio

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

Jet Pump Applications

The well has stopped flowing

De-watering gas wells (usually a coiled tubing jet)
To boost production from wells
When an existing gas-lift well is proving cost
prohibitive (i.e. the gas is depleting)
When the casing is no longer a viable fluid flow
conduit (parallel/concentric installation required)

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Jet Pump Subsurface Equipment

15/16 DHJP

2.5 DHJP

7 DHJP

BHA

Standing
Valve

DHJP

Used at Up to
500+ BPD

Used at Up to 5,000+ BPD

Used at Up to
25,000+ BPD

Jet Pump / Tubing-Retrievable SSSV System

(China)

Jet Pump Assembly

Bypass Line

WellStar Tubing Retrievable Safety Valve

Standing Valve

Closed Position
Tubing To Surface

Power Fluid

Produced Fluid

Formation Fluid

Operating Position

Jet Pump / Wireline-Retrievable SSSV System

(Egypt)

Jet Pump Assembly

Bypass Line

Tubing To Surface

X Lock

Closed Position

FXE Wireline Retrievable Safety Valve

X Lock

Standing Valve

Tubing To Packer

CN05700

Power Fluid

Produced Fluid

Formation Fluid

Operating Position

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Surface Jet Pump Installation

Flow
Line

Wellhead

Jet Pumps for Frac Flow-back

Freestyle pump and
portable surface unit
80% faster fluid recovery
versus nitrogen and
swabbing
1 to 3 days for small frac
volumes
1 to 3 weeks for larger frac
volumes > 15,000 BPD

Formation Powered Jet Pump

High pressure liquid from one
zone
can be the power fluid to
produce a lower pressure
zone.

PLow

Packer

PHigh

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JEMS INSTALLATION GRAPH

Piston Pump Animation

Piston Pump/Engine Pressure Relationships

P/E = 1
1000 PSI

P/E = 0.5
1000 PSI

P/E = 2
1000 PSI

1,000 PSI

2,000 PSI

500 PSI

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Piston Pump Installation

Why PL-III Cannot Gas Lock

Hydraulic Piston Pump Operation

Double Displacement
Reciprocating Pump

10

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Hydraulic Piston Lift System Advantages

Retrievable by circulation or
wireline
Positive displacement strong
drawdown
Double-acting efficiency
Good depth/volume capability to
over 15,000 ft.
Deviated wells
Multi-well production from single
surface package
No rods in tubing

Heavy Oil Production and Hydraulic Pumps

Horse statuette presented to
Dresser Guiberson
(now Weatherford)
was carved from heavy crude
production in
Liao-He Oilfield in China.
Hydraulic pumps using heated
power fluid enables production
of the field.

Hydraulic Piston Lift System Limitations

Solids
Free gas (volumetric
efficiency)
Volume 1000 BPD
Requires service facilities
Requires high-pressure
surface system

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1/8/2015

Hydraulic Piston Lift Application Considerations

Typical Piston Pump
Installations

Current Piston Pump

Maximums*

7,500 to 10,000 TVD

17,000 TVD

Operating Volume

50 to 500 BPD

4,000 BPD

Operating Temperature

100 to 250F

500F

0 to 90 Landed Pump

0 to 90 Pump Placement
< 25/100 Build Angle
(Depending on Pump)

Operating Depth

Wellbore Deviation

Good

Corrosion Handling

Excellent (PL-III)

Gas Handling

Poor

Solids Handling

+/- 8 API

Fluid Gravity

Hydraulic or Wireline

Servicing

Multi-cylinder or Electric

Prime Mover Type

Good

Offshore Application
System Efficiency

40% to 50%
*Special analysis required

HSE Arrangements

Electronics ESD

Mechanical Safety
Relief

Jet/Piston Lift Surveillance

Alarm

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Toby.Pugh@Weatherford.com
Rajan.Chokshi@Weatherford.com

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