MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF NURSING
CALOOCAN CITY

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING DIAGNOSIS

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the

RELATED LEARNING EXPERIENCE

Manila Central University

College of Nursing
EDSA, Caloocan City, Philippines

Presented by:

Submitted to:
Mr. Michael John Flores, R.N., MAN
Mrs. Nonalyn Andres, R.N., MAN
Mrs. Henlyn Enriquez-Atanacio, R.N., MAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
B. Objectives

Student Centered

Community Centered

Narrative Report

CHAPTER II: DESCRIPTION OF THE COMMUNITY

A. Community as a Place

SPOT Map

Barangay Map

B. Community as a People
C. Community as a Social System

Manila Central University

Organizational Chart

Faculty of College of Nursing

CHAPTER III: DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

A. Description of the Survey Questionnaire
B. Methods of Data Gathering
CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
CHAPTER V: COMMUNITY HEALTH CARE PLAN
A.
B. Ranking of Community Health Problems
APPENDICES

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, we would like to extend our gratitude to our Dear
Almighty God, for giving us the wisdom, strength, support, knowledge and perseverance
that He has been bestowed upon us during this research project.

We would like to express our sincerest gratitude to our Clinical Instructors

in Community Health Nursing, Mr. Michael John Flores, R.N., MAN, Mrs. Henlyn
Enriquez-Atanacio, R.N., MAN, and Mrs. Nonalyn Andres R.N., MAN, who brought our
ideas and our clinical experiences into more productive yet helpful to all the people in
the community because through his fun filled way of teaching, we are able to inculcate
in our minds and most especially in our hearts the importance of helping a family in a
certain community to achieve their optimum health which is the general aim of this
research project. They enhanced our capabilities in giving care to the people who
needed the most out of it.

In addition, we would like to thank the Manila Central University College of

Nursing, for providing us the good surrounding and facilities in completing the data in
our research. Lastly, we would like to thank the First Year Nursing Students of Manila
Central University for rendering their time. We are so grateful for the hospitality you
have shown us. We really appreciate the willingness they showed.

In accordance to the mission of the Department of Health in the

Philippines: To guarantee equitable, sustainable and quality health for all Filipinos,
especially the poor, and to lead the quest for excellence in health. We, in the least that
we did, contributed to its mission through giving our willingness and determination to
devout ourselves in giving care to our Filipino countrymen, and someday as we go on
with our chosen profession, we will be able to give care also to all the people in the
world, not just Filipinos regardless with their gender, creed, and race. Because through
this mission that is within us, we would be able to help in the progress of the over-all
health of our country and to the world.

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Health education plays a major role in the promotion of health and prevention of
diseases. It also contributes towards the early and effective treatment of diseases so as
to minimize suffering and disability. Community health nursing is here to introduce them
to different opportunities. It is a special field of nursing that combines the skills of
nursing for the promotion of health and rehabilitation of illness.
Community health nursing aims to improve community health by promoting a
healthier group of people, individuals, families, and residents within the community. The
goal is to maintain, preserve, and promote health by providing information, education,
teachings, and health care services to the population
In the participating first year nursing students in the community, the community
health nurses are key players in helping residents make informed choices about their
health. Nurses serve as educators, mentors, and vital sources of information about how
to keep the families and community maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Basically, a community is a group of people living in the same place.
According to Arceli S. Maglaya, a community is a group of people sharing
common geographic boundaries and/or common values and interests. It functions within
a particular socio cultural context, which means that no two communities are alike. The
physical environment varies, and so with the peoples way of behaving and coping.
People are different from each other, thus the dynamics in one community differs from
that of the other.
Problems in every community are always there, one of those is Health Problem.
Environmental quality, Immunization, Access to Health Care, Physical Activity and
Nutrition are some of the thousands health issues in the community. In 2009,
Pneumonia, Diarrhea, Leptospirosis, Malnutrition, A(H1N1) Flu Virus Scare, Illegal Drug
Addiction, Malaria, Tuberculosis, Heart Disease/Hypertension and Cancer are listed as
top health problems in the Philippines.

Life threatening, isnt it? People can do something with these issues, people just
need to have knowledge about their health status and set their priorities when it comes
to healthy lifestyle.
People and the health team should be one in doing actions in solving health
problems in the community. Community health nursing is nursing practice outside the
hospital. According to The American Nurses Association, Community Health Nursing
practice promotes and preserves the health populations by integrating skills and
knowledge relevant to both nursing and public health. The practice is comprehensive
and general, and is not limited to a particular age or diagnostic group; it is continual, and
is not limited to episodic care. While the community health nursing practice includes
nursing directed to individuals, families and groups, the dominant responsibility is to the
population as a whole.
Attention, analyzation, cooperation, these are the keys in implementing good
health in the community. Proper assessment, planning, action and evaluation together
with the good communication within the area will give solution to each community health
problem.

B. Objectives
Student-centered
After days of diagnosis, the 2nd year nursing students of Manila Central University
students will be able to acquire:
KNOWLEDGE
Determine the Health Problems mostly encountered by the 1st year
nursing students of Manila Central University.
Know the proper actions for the said Health Problems.
Show, teach, and implement solutions for said Health Problems.
SKILLS
Observation and Interview should be done to establish better
communication skills.
Being responsible for each actions means efficient nursing care.
Adjustments to different point of views of the clients.

ATTITUDE
Respect client's way of life.
Must be sensitive with client's perception.

Client-centered
After days of client diagnosis, the 1 st year nursing students of Manila Central
University will be able to gain:
KNOWLEDGE
Understand, adapt and apply health teachings that will be given by the
2nd year nursing students of Manila Central University to have better
and healthy lifestyle.
Be aware with the situation or with the current Health Problem.
SKILLS
Listen, cooperate and participate with the programs or events, which
will be given by the community health nurse.
Collaborate in decision-making, which will be done.
ATTITUDE
Clients together with their families should be one in maintaining or
improving their lifestyle.
Ability to adapt in different changes within the family.
Proper communication within the family for the better changes.

C. Narrative Report
DATE

PLAN OF

OBJECTIVES

ACTIVITIES

ACTUAL ACTIVITIES
The 2nd year nursing
students

Know the health

problems
August 29,
2014
(Friday)

the

by

1st

nursing

Central

mostly

encountered

year
students

of

Data gathering,
Survey
And Observation

of Manila Central

University,

Group

survey

conduct
regarding

important informations
about
nursing

University.

Manila

the

1st

year

students

Manila

of

Central

University.
Let the 1st year
nursing
students
Manila

September
11, 2014
(Thursday)

of
Central

The 2nd year nursing

University

students of Manila

understand

Central University

what

health

problems

proceed to the Health

they Conduct

have.
Establish

Health

Teaching within 1 hour,

Teaching and explain

about the health status

its importance.

of 1st year nursing

therapeutic

students of Manila

communication

Central University.

with the clients.

Show
professionalism
.

CHAPTER II
DESCRIPTION OF THE COMMUNITY

Manila Central University College of Nursing as a Place

The Manila Central University is a private, non-sectarian, non-stock educational
institution situated in EDSA, Caloocan City, Philippines. The College of Nursing is
located at Filemon D. Tanchoco Building together with the College of Midwifery, College
of Arts and Sciences, College of Physical Therapy, College of Psychology
The College of Nursing is the

Manila Central University College of Nursing as a System

Bachelor of Science in Nursing is a four-year degree program that consists of
general education and professional courses. The professional courses begin in the first
year and thread through the development of competencies up to the fourth year level.
The BSN program provides an intensive nursing practicum that will refine clinical skills
from the first year level to ensure the acquisition of basic clinical competencies required
of a nursing practioner.
Manila Central University College of Nursing is headed by Mr. Melvin Miranda,
Dean of the College of Nursing together with the Faculty of Nursing which is composed
of a fully competent registered nurses that aims to produce a fully functioning nurse who
is able to perform the competencies in the key areas of responsibility such as safe and
quality nursing care, communication, collaboration and team work, health education,
legal responsibility, personal and professional development, quality improvement,
research, management of resources and environment and record management.
Maintains quality education through the utilization of innovative and creative teaching
methods and facilities that support instruction, such as the Nursing Skills Laboratory
and the Main Library that is filled with updated books, journals, and online computers.

The College of Nursing also has different student organizations firstly is the
College of Nursing Student Organization, wherein they cultivate and maintain

camaraderie among nursing students, encourage them to actively participate in college

activities to promote physical, spiritual, intellectual, cultural and social development.
Secondly is the Pax Romana, the group that organizes activities for the total formation
of Christian individuals and intellectual and professional well being of its members.
Lastly, is the Nightingale Mission, it is an organization whose primary goal is to
contribute to the solution of health and social problems affecting depressed
communities.

Manila Central University College of Nursing as a People

Nursing is a profession within the health care sector focused on the care of
individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal
health and quality of life.
The nursing students of Manila Central University has passion and determination
in providing quality health care

CHAPTER III
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

A. DESCRIPTION OF THE SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

Nursing assessment is the first major phase of Nursing; it is used to determine
existing and potential conditions or problems of the family, Group or community. It
provides an estimate of the degree to which the family or community is achieving the
level of the health possible for them.
Relevant Data collected on the health status of the family.

Demographic data

Vital Health status

Family structure, characteristics and dynamics

Socio-economic and cultural characteristics

Health status

Values and practice on health promotion,

Maintenance and disease prevention

The survey questionnaires are used as their baseline in different questions that
they have to gather. The purpose of having questionnaires is to identify the arising
problems of each family member

B.METHODS OF DATA GATHERING

Different methods are used to collect data: interview of individuals, observation of
health related behaviours of individuals, family and environmental factors. Review of
family and individual health records: physical examinations of individuals.
These data are collected systematically, then recorded in appropriate forms and
kept systematically for the retrieval of info can be facilitated. Every data are treated
confidentially. The survey questionnaires are answered by interviewing the individual
and family in the community, the students interviewed one specific family and they are
interviewed with professionalism with appropriate words used and with respect

The students who interviewed had their questionnaires and acquired all
necessary information to gather data.
AGE
DISTRIBUTION

PERCENTAGE
(TOTAL
POPULATION)

PERCENTAGE
(FEMALE
POPULATION)

FREQUENCY
(FEMALE)

TOTAL

45-50

35-44

1%

1%

0
PERCENTAGE
(MALE
0
POPULATION)
0
94%

0
FREQUENCY
(MALE)
0

0
TOTAL
0

0
19

0
19

25-34
0
AGE
PERCENTAGE
DISTRIBUTION
(TOTAL
20-24
0
POPULATION)
45-50
0
15-19
99%
35-44

1%

1%

25-34

20-24

15-19

99%

5%

CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

TABLE 1. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE AGE AND

GENDER OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.

TOTAL POPULATION SURVEYED: 26 Students

TOTAL POPULATION MALE SURVEYED: 6 Male Students
TOTAL POPULATION FEMALE SURVEYED: 20 Female Students
TOTAL POPULATION SURVEYED AND THEIR FAMILY MEMBERS: 128
AVERAGE FAMILY SIZE:

TABLE 2. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE RELIGION OF

1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.

RELIGION

FREQUENCY

PERCENTAGE

Catholic

18

69%

Christian

11%

Islam

4%

7th Day Adventist

8%

Baptist

4%

Methodist

4%

TOTAL

26

100%

INTERPRETATION:

eligion of 1st Year Nursing Students of Manila Central Univeris

80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
69%
30%
20%
10%
11%
0%
Catholic

Christian

4%
Islam

8%
7th Day Adventist

4%

4%

Baptist

Methodist

The table shows that 82% of the 1 st year nursing students of Manila Central University
belongs to Catholic, 3% are Christian, 2% are 7 th day Adventist, and the remaining are
1% Islam, Baptist and Methodist.

ANALYSIS:
Roman Catholic 80.9%, Muslim 5%, Evangelical 2.8%, Iglesia ni Kristo 2.3%,
Aglipayan 2%, other Christian 4.5%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.6%, none 0.1% (2000
census). The Philippines is a predominantly Christian nation on account of 300 years of
Spanish rule. It is estimated that 81% of the population is Roman Catholic. In the south
on the large island of Mindanao, many are adherents of Islam. Filipino Muslims make up
about five percent of the national population. There is a Philippine Independent Church,
known as Iglesia Filipina Independiente or Aglipayan Church (after its first head
Gregorio Aglipay); it is affiliated with the Anglican Communion. Another independent
church was founded in 1914 by Felix Manalo; it is a unitarian religious organization
known as Iglesia ni Cristo. Missionaries of the Jehovah's Witnesses arrived in the
Philippines during the American colonial rule (1898-1945). There are now 150,000
members in the country. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints have 600,000
Mormon members in the Philippines. Animism or folk religion encompassing indigenous
spiritual traditions from pre-colonial times still prevail even among baptized members of
formal churches. Superstitious beliefs are widespread.

TABLE 3. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE PLACE OF

ORIGIN OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.
PLACE OF ORIGIN

FREQUENCY

PERCENTAGE

Luzon

Visayas

Mindanao

Others

TOTAL

26

100%

INTERPRETATION:

of Origin of 1st Year Nursing Students of Manila Central Unive

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Luzon

ANALYSIS:

Visayas

Mindanao

Others

TABLE 3. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE CIVIL STATUS

OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.

CIVIL STATUS

FREQUENCY

PERCENTAGE

Single

Married

TOTAL

26

100%

INTERPRETATION:

Status of 1st Year Nursing Students of Manila Central Univers

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Single

Married

ANALYSIS:
A person's marital status indicates whether the person is married. Questions
about marital status appear on many polls and forms, including censuses. The question
has historically also appeared in job applications and credit card applications and similar
contexts, though the practice is increasing regarded as anachronistic, as an answer

would normally not be relevant to the consideration of the merits of an application and
may in fact be considered unlawful discrimination in some countries.
In the simplest sense, the only possible answers are "married" or "single". Some
unmarried people object to describing themselves by a simplistic term "single", and
often other options are given, such as "divorced", "widowed", widow or widower,
"cohabiting", "civil union", "domestic partnership" and "unmarried partners". In some
cases, knowing that people are divorced, widowed, or in a relationship is more useful
than simply knowing that they are unmarried. The category of "married" would also
cover the situation of the person being "separated". In many cases, people who are in a
committed co-habiting relationship may describe themselves as married, and some laws
(such as taxation laws) require them to do so.
In many cultures, a person may indicate their marital status in a number of ways:
in Western culture a married, unseparated woman would commonly wear a wedding
ring but in other cultures other markers of marital status may be used. A married woman
is commonly given the honorific title "Mrs", and a single woman "Miss", but some
women prefer to be referred to as "Ms", a title which does not indicate marital status. A
man is given an honorific title of "Mr" irrespective of his marital status.
In

social

context,

person's

non-availability

for

an interpersonal

relationship may be expressed by a marriage status of married, except in the case of

"separated", and may also be expressed in descriptions such as "engaged" which may
also be on display in the case of a female who would commonly wear an engagement
ring. Some women may wear a wedding ring, even if unmarried, to indicate they do not
wish to be propositioned.
Family status is the combination of marital status with number of children.
Marital status studied in combination with other factors also reveals a marriage gap.

TABLE

5.

FREQUENCY

AND

PERCENTAGE

DISTRIBUTION

OF

THE

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF THE 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA

CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.
EDUCATIONAL
ATTAINMENT

FREQUENCY

PERCENTAGE

College Graduate

Ongoing

26

100%

High School Graduate

TOTAL

26

100%

INTERPRETATION:

al Attainment of 1st Year Nursing Students of Manila Central U

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%

100%

40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
College Graduate

Ongoing

0%
High School Graduate

The table shows that 100% of educational attainments of 1st year nursing
students are still ongoing.

ANALYSIS:
Education in the Philippines is managed and regulated by the Department of
Education, commonly referred to as the DepEd in the country. The Department of
Education controls the Philippine education system, including the curriculum used in
schools and the allocation of funds. It also regulates the construction of schools and
other educational facilities and the recruitment of teachers and staff.
Before in 1946, the country's education system was patterned on the system of
its colonial

powers, Spain and

the United

States.

However,

after

Philippine

independence, its educational system changed radically.

Until 2011, the basic education system was composed of six years of elementary
education starting at the age of 6, and four years of high school education starting at the
age of 12. Further education was provided by technical or vocational schools, or in
higher education institutions such as universities. Although the 1987 Constitution stated
that elementary education was compulsory, this was never enforced.
In 2011, the country started to transition from its old 10-year basic educational
system to a K-12 educational system, as mandated by the Department of Education.
[3]

The new 12-year system is now compulsory, along with the adoption of new

curriculum for all schools (see 2010s and the K-12 program). The transition period will
end with the 2017-2018 school year, which is the graduation date for the first group of
students who entered the new educational system.
All public schools in the Philippines must start classes on the date mandated by
the Department of Education (usually the first Monday of June), and must end after
each school completes the mandated 200-day school calendar organized by the
Department of Education (usually around the third week of March to the second week of
April). Private schools are not obliged to abide by a specific date, but must open classes
no later than the last week of August.

TABLE

6.

FREQUENCY

AND

PERCENTAGE

DISTRIBUTION

OF

THE

EMPLOYMENT STATUS OF THE 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA

CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.
EMPLOYMENT STATUS

FREQUENCY

PERCENTAGE

Employed

Self-employed

Not Applicable

TOTAL

26

100%

INTERPRETATION:

ent Status of 1st Year Nursing Students of Manila Central Univ

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Employed

Self Employed

Not Applicable

The table shows that of 1st year nursing students of Manila Central University.

ANALYSIS:

Philippines jobless rate kept its downward trend to 6.7 percent in July of 2014 from 7

percent in April, as more people were employed in the services and industry sectors.
Figures for the province of Leyte, which was hit by typhoon, Haiyan are not included.
Among unemployed people, 63.3 percent were males. The age group 15 to 24 years old
accounted for 49.3 percent of total unemployed, while the age group 25 to 34 accounted
for 30.8 percent. By educational attainment, 23.2 percent were college graduates, 13.2
percent were college undergraduates, and 32.1 percent were high school graduates.

Among regions, the National Capital Region (10.3 percent), Central Luzon (8.3
percent), and Calabarzon (8.0 percent) showed unemployment rates higher than the
national figure (6.7 percent).

Meanwhile, the employment rate is estimated at 93.3 percent in July of 2014, up

from 92.7 percent a year earlier. There were 38.5 million employed people: 54 percent
worked in the services sector 30.1 in agriculture and 15.9 percent in industry 15.9
percent.

TABLE 7. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE TOTAL

MONTHLY INCOME OF THE FAMILY OF THE 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF
MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.
TOTAL MONTHLY INCOME (PHP)

FREQUENCY

PERCENTAGE

Php 600,000-650,000

Php 400,000-599,999

Php 200,000-399,999

Php 90,000-199,999

Php 50,000-80,000

Php 20,000-40,000

Php 5,000-10,000

Not Applicable

TOTAL

26

100%

INTERPRETATION:

Income of Family of 1st Year Nursing Students of Manila Cent

Php 5,000-10,000
Php 20,000-40,000
Php 50,000-80,000
Php 90,000-199,999
Php 200,000-399,999
Php 400,000-599,999
Php 600,000-650,000
0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90% 100%

ANALYSIS:

In 2012, Filipino families had an annual income of 235 thousand pesos, on

average. In comparison, their expenditure for the same year was 193 thousand pesos,
on average. These figures translate to an average annual savings of 42 thousand pesos
per family (Table 1). These estimates are based on the results of the 2012 Family
Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES), and were computed at prices in year 2012.
Considering the inflation in the period 2009-2012, the average annual family income in
2012 would be valued at 180 thousand pesos at 2006 prices, while the average annual
family expenditure would be valued at 148 thousand pesos (Table 1).

The gap in income between the richest decile and the poorest decile remains
wide. Families in the richest decile, earned an annual income of 715 thousand pesos in
2012 or 60 thousand pesos monthly, on average. On the other hand, the families in the
poorest decile, earned an average annual income of 69 thousand pesos or about 6
thousand pesos monthly. The income of the families in the richest decile is 10 times that
of the poorest decile. This finding is true for both 2009 and 2012. For this report,
families were ranked according to their per capita income and were grouped into per
capita income deciles. The richest decile represents families belonging to the top 10
percent in terms of per capita income, while the poorest decile represents families in the
bottom 10 percent.

TABLE 8. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE TYPE OF

FAMILIES OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.
TYPE OF FAMILIES

FREQUENCY

PERCENTAGE

Nuclear

Extended

TOTAL

26

100%

INTERPRETATION:

Families of 1st Year Nursing Students of Manila Central Univer

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%

100%

40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Nuclear

Extended

The table shows that 1st year nursing students of Manila Central University.

ANALYSIS:
Filipinos highly value the presence of their families more than anything.
Regardless of the liberal influence they have gotten from the west, the family remained
the basic unit of their society. This trait clearly shows among Filipinos abroad who suffer
homesickness and tough work just to support their families back home in the
Philippines.
In a traditional Filipino family, the father is considered the head and the provider
of the family while the mother takes responsibility of the domestic needs and in charge
of the emotional growth and values formation of the children. They both perform
different tasks and being remarked separately by the children. Children see their
mothers soft and calm, while they regard their fathers as strong and the most eminent

figure

in

the

family.

Because of this remarkable closeness, parents sometimes have difficulties letting

go of their children and thus results to having them stay for as long as they want. For
this somehow explains why grandparents are commonly seen living with their children in
the Philippines. Unlike the way people grow old in the west where they are provided
with outside homes and care giving, Filipino elderly enjoy their remaining lives inside
their

houses

with

their

children

and

grandchildren

looking

after

them.

Another trait Filipinos made themselves exceptional from others is their strong
respect for elders. Children are taught from birth how to say po and opo to teach
them as early as possible how to properly respect their elders. These words are used to
show respect to people of older level. Even adults will be criticized for not using these
words when speaking with their parents or people older than them. Inside the family, the
parents are expected to receive the highest respect from the children along with the
elder siblings; as they are given more responsibilities to look after younger siblings
when

parents

are

not

around.

Children fighting back or addressing parents or elder siblings with arrogant tone
are not at all tolerated. They are also not allowed to leave the house without their
parents permission. Upon arriving home, conservative families expect children to
practice the kissing of hands or placing their parents or elder family members hand to
their

foreheads

with

the

words

mano

po

as

sort

of

greeting.

Even after finishing school, Filipino children are not obliged to get out of their
homes unless they want to. In fact, most of them keep their close relationship to their
parents by staying at least before they get married. Leaving them happens only when
they really have to, but usually, at least one child, depending on his willingness and
financial capabilities, stay even after marriage to support and look after their aging
parents.
More over, Filipinos keep close connection with other relatives. They recognize
them from 2nd degree to the last they can identify. As Filipinos say, not being able to
know a relative is like turning their backs from where they come from.

TABLE 9. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF IMMUNIZATION

STATUS OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.
IMMUNIZATION
STATUS

FREQUENCY

PERCENTAGE

Fully Immunized

26

100%

Partially Immunized

TOTAL

26

100%

INTERPRETATION:

tion Status of 1st Year Nursing Students of Manila Central Univ

100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Fully Immunized

Partially Immunized

The table shows that 100% of 1st year nursing students of Manila Central
University are fully immunized.

ANALYSIS:
Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an
infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine. Vaccines stimulate the
bodys own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infection or
disease.

Immunization is a proven tool for controlling and eliminating life-threatening

infectious diseases and is estimated to avert between 2 and 3 million deaths each year.
It is one of the most cost-effective health investments, with proven strategies that make
it accessible to even the most hard-to-reach and vulnerable populations. It has clearly
defined target groups; it can be delivered effectively through outreach activities; and
vaccination does not require any major lifestyle change.
TABLE 10. FREQUENCY AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE TYPE OF HOUSING OF THE
1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.
TYPE OF HOUSING

FREQUENCY

PERCENTAGE

Strong

23

89%

Mixed

11%

Light

Make-shift

TOTAL

26

100%

INTERPRETATION:

Housing of the 1st Year Nursing Students of Manila Central Un

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Strong

Mixed

Light

Make-shift

The table shows that 89% of 1 st year nursing students of Manila Central
University has strong type of housing while the remaining 11% has mixed type of
housing.

ANALYSIS:
A home is a dwelling-place used as a permanent or semi-permanent residence
for

an individual, family, household or several

families

in

tribe.

It

is

often

a house, apartment, or other building, or alternatively a mobile home, houseboat, yurt or

any other portable shelter. Larger groups may live in a nursing home, children's
home, convent or any similar institution. A homestead also includes agricultural land
and facilities for domesticated animals. Where more secure dwellings are not available,
people

may

live

in

the

informal

and

sometimes-illegal shacks found

in slums and shantytowns. More generally, "home" may be considered to be a

geographic area, such as a town, village, suburb, city, or country.
Transitory

accommodation,

such

as

a hospital, prison, boarding

school, college or university is not normally considered permanent enough to replace a

more stable location as 'home'. In 2005, some 100 million people worldwide were
estimated to be homeless, although some prefer the term 'houseless' or 'unsheltered'.

TABLE 11. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENERAL

SANITATION CONDITION OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA
CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.
GENERAL SANITATION
CONDITION

FREQUENCY

PERCENTAGE

Good

15

58%

Light

11

42%

Poor

TOTAL

26

100%

tation Condition of 1st Year Nursing Students of Manila Centra

70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Good

NTERPRETATION:

Light

Poor

The table shows that the 58% of 1 st year nursing students of Manila Central University
has good sanitation while the remaining 42% has light sanitation.

ANALYSIS:
Sanitation generally refers to the provision of facilities and services for the safe
disposal of human urine and feces. Inadequate sanitation is a major cause of disease
worldwide and improving sanitation is known to have a significant beneficial impact on
health both in households and across communities. The word 'sanitation' also refers to
the maintenance of hygienic conditions, through services such as garbage collection
and wastewater disposal.
TABLE 12. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE EXCRETAL
DISPOSAL

OF

1ST

YEAR

NURSING

STUDENTS

OF

MANILA CENTRAL

UNIVERSITY.
EXCRETAL DISPOSAL

FREQUENCY

PERCENTAGE

Sewage

12%

Septic Tank

23

88%

Water Sealed

Public Comfort Room

Others

TOTAL

26

100%

INTERPRETATION:

al Disposal of 1st Year Nursing Students of Manila Central Uni

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Sewage

Septic Tank

Water Sealed Public Comfort Room

Others

The table shows that 88% of the excretal disposal of the 1 st year nursing students
of Manila Central University is septic tank while the remaining 12% is sewage.

ANALYSIS:
Safe disposal of excreta, so that it does not contaminate the environment, water,
food or hands, is essential for ensuring a healthy environment and for protecting
personal health. This can be accomplished in many ways, some requiring water, others
requiring little or none. Regardless of method, the safe disposal of human feces is one
of the principal ways of breaking the faecaloral disease transmission cycle. Sanitation
is therefore a critical barrier to disease transmission.
Plans for locating sanitation facilities, and for treating and removing waste, must
consider cultural issues, particularly as sanitation is usually focused on the household.
Excreta disposal may be a difficult subject for a community to discuss: it may be taboo,
or people may not like to discuss issues they regard as personal and unclean. In some
cases, people may feel that sanitation facilities are not appropriate for children, or that
childrens feces are not harmful. In others, separate facilities may be required for men
and women, and it may be necessary to locate the facilities so that no one can be seen

entering the latrine building. If the disposal facilities smell and are a breeding ground for
flies, people may not use them.
Health improvement comes from the proper use of sanitation facilities, not simply
their physical presence, and they may be abandoned if the level of service does not
meet the social and cultural needs of community members at an affordable cost. Within
a community, several different sanitation options may be required, with varying levels of
convenience and cost (sometimes called a sanitation ladder). The advantage of this
approach is that it allows households to progressively upgrade sanitation facilities over
time.

TABLE 13. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE SOURCE OF

HEALTH CARE OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL
UNIVERSITY.
SOURCE OF HEALTH
CARE

FREQUENCY

PERCENTAGE

Health Center

19%

Hospital

17

65%

Private

16%

Others

TOTAL

26

100%

INTERPRETATION:

of health care of 1st Year Nursing Students of Manila Central U

70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Health Center

Hospital

Private

Others

The table shows that 65% of source of health care of the 1 st year nursing
students of Manila Central University are hospital while the remaining are 5% from the
health center and 16% are private.

ANALYSIS:
Health

care (or healthcare)

is

the

diagnosis, treatment,

and

prevention

of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in human beings.
Health

care

is

delivered

by

practitioners

in allied

health, dentistry, midwifery (obstetrics), medicine, nursing, optometry, pharmacy, psych

ology and other health professions. It refers to the work done in providing primary
care, secondary care, and tertiary care, as well as in public health.
Access to health care varies across countries, groups, and individuals, largely
influenced by social and economic conditions as well as the health policies in place.
Countries and jurisdictions have different policies and plans in relation to the personal
and population-based health care goals within their societies. Health care systems are
organizations that establish to meet the health needs of target populations. Their exact
configuration varies between national and subnational entities. In some countries and

jurisdictions, health care planning is distributed among market participants, whereas in

others, planning occurs more centrally among governments or other coordinating
bodies. In all cases, according to the World Health Organization(WHO), a wellfunctioning health care system requires a robust financing mechanism; a well-trained
and adequately-paid workforce; reliable information on which to base decisions
and policies; and well maintained health facilities and logistics to deliver quality
medicines and technologies.

TABLE 14. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE WATER

WATER SUPPLY

FREQUENCY

PERCENTAGE

Private

19

73%

Public

27%

TOTAL

26

100%

SUPPLY OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.

INTERPRETATION:

r Supply of 1st Year Nursing Students of Manila Central Unive

80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Public

Private

The table shows that 73% of 1 st year nursing students of Manila Central
University uses private water supply while the remaining 27% uses public water supply.

ANALYSIS:

Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines is characterized by achievements

and challenges. Among the achievements are a high access to an improved water
source of 92% in 2010; the creation of financially sustainable water service providers
("Water Districts") in small and medium towns with the continuous long-term support of
a national agency (the "Local Water Utilities Administration" LWUA); and the
improvement of access, service quality and efficiency in Manila through two high-profle
water concessions awarded in 1997. The challenges include limited access to sanitation
and in particular to sewers; high pollution of water resources; often poor drinking water
quality and poor service quality; a fragmentation of executive functions at the national
level among numerous agencies; and a fragmentation of service provision at the local
level into many small service providers.

TABLE 15. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE WATER

STORAGE

OF

1ST

YEAR

NURSING

STUDENTS

OF

MANILA

CENTRAL

UNIVERSITY.
WATER STORAGE

FREQUENCY

PERCENTAGE

Covered

11

42%

Uncovered

15

58%

TOTAL

26

100%

r Storage of 1st Year Nursing Students of Manila Central Unive

70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Covered

Uncovered

INTERPRETATION:

The table shows that 58% of 1 st year nursing students of Manila Central
University uses uncovered water storage while the remaining 42% uses covered water
storage.

ANALYSIS:
Safe household water storage is a critical component of a Household Water
Treatment and Safe Storage (HWTS) system being promoted by the World Health
Organization (WHO) worldwide in areas that do not have piped drinking water. In these
areas it is not uncommon for drinking water to be stored in a pot, jar, crock or other
container in the home. Even if this drinking water was of acceptable microbiological
quality initially, it can become contaminated from dirty hands and utensils, such as dirty
dippers and cups. Drinking water containers with "narrow dispensers are key" to
keeping water from being contaminated while being stored in the home.
TABLE 16. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE GARBAGE
DISPOSAL

OF

1ST

YEAR

NURSING

STUDENTS

OF

MANILA CENTRAL

UNIVERSITY.
GARBAGE DISPOSAL

FREQUENCY

PERCENTAGE

DPS Collection

26

100%

Burning

Dumping

Burying

Recycling

TOTAL

26

100%

INTERPRETATION:

ge Disposal of 1st Year Nursing Students of Manila Central Uni

100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
DPS Collection

Dumping

Burying

Recycling

The table shows that 100% of 1st year nursing students of Manila Central
University disposes garbage by DPS collection.

ANALYSIS:
Waste disposal is a concern in industrialized countries with high populations.
Recent advances in technology provide safer methods for disposing of waste products.
Despite these advances, waste remains an environmental health concern. Some types
of waste are harmless to the environment, but others are dangerous enough to warrant
laws and regulations in certain countries to prevent improper disposal of them.
TABLE 17. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE DENTAL
SOURCE OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.
DENTAL SOURCE

FREQUENCY

PERCENTAGE

Health Center

19%

Hospital

24%

Private

12

46%

Industrial Dentist

11%

Others

0%

TOTAL

26

100%

INTERPRETATION:

al Source of 1st Year Nursing Students of Manila Central Unive

50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Health Center

Hospital

Private

Industrial Dentist

Others

The table shows that 46% of the 1 st years nursing students of Manila Central
University have their dental source from Private while the other 24% is from the
Hospital, 19% is from Health Center while the remaining 11% is from the Industrial
Dentist.

ANALYSIS:
Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and
throat cancer, oral sores, birth defects such as cleft lip and palate, periodontal (gum)
disease, tooth decay and tooth loss, and other diseases and disorders that affect the
oral cavity. Risk factors for oral diseases include unhealthy diet, tobacco use, harmful
alcohol use, and poor oral hygiene.
TABLE 18. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE FOOD
STORAGE

OF

1ST

YEAR

NURSING

STUDENTS

OF

MANILA

CENTRAL

UNIVERSITY.
FOOD STORAGE

FREQUENCY

PERCENTAGE

Covered

26

100%

Uncovered

0%

TOTAL

26

100%

INTERPRETATION:

Storage of 1st Year Nursing Students of Manila Central Unive

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Covered

Uncovered

The table shows that 100% of 1st year nursing students of Manila Central
University uses covered food storage.

ANALYSIS:
Incorrect storage of food can cause spoilage and food poisoning. High-risk food
should be kept at 5 C or below, and above 60 C to avoid the 'temperature danger
zone', where bacteria multiply fastest. Do not refreeze food that has been frozen and
thawed once. Store raw food separately from cooked food. Bacteria frequently cause
food poisoning from foods that have been incorrectly stored, prepared, handled or
cooked. Food contaminated with food-poisoning bacteria may look, smell and taste
normal. If food is not stored properly, the bacteria in it can multiply to dangerous levels.

TABLE 19. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE TYPE OF

INFANT FEEDING OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL
UNIVERSITY.
TYPE OF INFANT
FEEDING

FREQUENCY

PERCENTAGE

Breast Feeding

Artificial

Not Applicable

TOTAL

100%

nfant Feeding of 1st Year Nursing Students of Manila Central U

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Breast Feeding

Artificial

Not Applicable

INTERPRETATION:

ANALYSIS:
Breastfeeding is the normal way of providing young infants with the nutrients they
need for healthy growth and development. Virtually all mothers can breastfeed, provided
they have accurate information, and the support of their family, the health care system
and society at large.
Colostrum, the yellowish, sticky breast milk produced at the end of pregnancy, is
recommended by WHO as the perfect food for the newborn, and feeding should be
initiated within the first hour after birth.
Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended up to 6 months of age, with continued
breastfeeding along with appropriate complementary foods up to two years of age or
beyond.

TABLE 20. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE TYPE OF

ARTIFICIAL FEEDING OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL
UNIVERSITY.
TYPE OF ARTIFICIAL
FEEDING

FREQUENCY

PERCENTAGE

Condensed

Evaporated

Powdered

TOTAL

100%

INTERPRETATION:

tificial Feeding of 1st Year Nursing Students of Manila Central

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Condensed

Evaporated

Powdered

ANALYSIS:
Infant formula is an alternative to breast milk. Bottle-feeding your baby with infant
formula requires a suitable formula, clean water, bottles with caps and teats, and
sterilizing equipment. Clean the equipment well and prepare formula correctly to avoid
exposing your baby to germs.

TABLE 21. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE TYPE OF

FAMILY PLANNING STATUS OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA
CENTRAL UNIVERSITY.
TYPE OF FAMILY
PLANNING STATUS

FREQUENCY

PERCENTAGE

Acceptor

Non-acceptor

Menopause

Not Applicable

TOTAL

100%

y Planning Status of 1st Year Nursing Students of Manila Cent

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Acceptor

Non-acceptor

Menopause

Not Applicable

INTERPRETATION:

ANALYSIS:
Family planning allows individuals and couples to anticipate and attain their
desired number of children and the spacing and timing of their births. It is achieved
through use of contraceptive methods and the treatment of involuntary infertility. A
womans ability to space and limit her pregnancies has a direct impact on her health
and well-being as well as on the outcome of each pregnancy.

TABLE 22. FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE SOURCE OF

INFORMATION OF 1ST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS OF MANILA CENTRAL
UNIVERSITY.
SOURCE OF
INFORMATION

FREQUENCY

PERCENTAGE

Health Center

Hospital

Neighbor

Mass Media

Not Applicable

TOTAL

100%

INTERPRETATION:

f Information of 1st Year Nursing Students of Manila Central U

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Health Center

Hospital

Neighbor

Mass Media

Not Applicable

ANALYSIS:
A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with specialized
staff and equipment. The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, which has
an emergency department. A district hospital typically is the major health care facility in
its region, with large numbers of beds for intensive care and long-term care. Specialized
hospitals include trauma centers, rehabilitation hospitals, children's hospitals, seniors'
(geriatric) hospitals, and hospitals for dealing with specific medical needs such
as psychiatric problems

(see psychiatric

hospital),

certain

disease

categories.

Specialized hospitals can help reduce health care costs compared to general hospitals.
A teaching hospital combines assistance to people with teaching to medical students
and nurses. The medical facility smaller than a hospital is generally called a clinic.
Hospitals have a range of departments (e.g., surgery, andurgent care) and specialist
units such as cardiology. Some hospitals will have outpatient departments and some
will have chronic treatment units. Common support units include a pharmacy, pathology,
and radiology.